OMF000001 Um interface and radio channels ISSUE1.

Wireless Training Department

Contents

Overview Processing of voice signal Radio channel

Radio Interface

Um
BTS MS

Another MSC

PSTN ISDN

BSC A interface MSC

A-bis interface Um

MAP interface

HLR/AUC/LR MS

OMC

SMC

Um interface

Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface

Communication management (CM) Network application layer (L3) Mobility and security management (MM) Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

Integrated management

RACH

BCCH

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH

SACCH

TCH

FACCH

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL Physical link layer (L1) Multiframe

Radio Access Technology

Time FDMA

Time

TDMA

Frequency

Frequency

Time CDMA Code

Frequency

Radio Access Technology

Time FDMA

Time

TDMA

Frequency

Frequency

Time CDMA Code

Frequency

Contents

Overview Processing of voice signal Radio channel

Voice Signal Processing

20ms Voice A/D 8KHz13bit Segme ntation 22.8kbit/s Speech coding 13kbit/s Channel coding

33.8kbit/s Interleaving Encryption Burst formatting Modulation Transmission

Speech Coding

The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term

Prediction (RPE-LTP). It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is

performed first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every frame has 4 sub-frames; the duration of every sub-frame is 5ms; and the pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.

Channel Coding

+3 50bit Block coder

*2+4

132bit

Excited coder

456bit

78bit

Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456

First interleaving:

B0 1 9 . .

B1 B2 2 10 . . 3 11 . .

B3 B4 B5 4 12 . . 5 13 . .

B6 B7 6 14 . . 7 15 . . 8 16 . .

....

.
449

.
450

.
451

.
452

.
453

.
454

.
455

.
456

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2}

{B7,C3}

Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456

First interleaving:

B0 1 9 . .

B1 B2 2 10 . . 3 11 . .

B3 B4 B5 4 12 . . 5 13 . .

B6 B7 6 14 . . 7 15 . . 8 16 . .

....

.
449

.
450

.
451

.
452

.
453

.
454

.
455

.
456

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2}

{B7,C3}

Voice Burst

57

26

57

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame Time

Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 Frame Time

DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and reduce interference

DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and reduce interference

Power Control

Prolong battery life

Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control Level and quality are taken into account

BSC is the final adjudicator

Signal level
Target level value: e.g. -85 dm BCCH Carrier is not involved in power control.

Time

Contents

Overview Processing process of voice channel Radio channel

Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

BP 15/26ms Slit

Time

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3 2044

2045

2046

2047
BCCH CCCH SDCCH

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3 47 48 24 49 25 50

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Normal burst (NB) Frequency correction burst (FB) Synchronous burst (SB)

Access burst (AB)

TB TB GP 58 information bits 26 training sequences 58 information bits 3 3 8.25 TB TB GP Constant bit 142 3 3 8.25 TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP 3 3 8.25 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25 Information bit 36 3 3

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH 0 1 2 3 2044

2045

2046

2047
BCCH CCCH SDCCH

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3 47 48 24 49 25 50

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Normal burst (NB) Frequency correction burst (FB) Synchronous burst (SB)

Access burst (AB)

TB TB GP 58 information bits 26 training sequences 58 information bits 3 3 8.25 TB TB GP Constant bit 142 3 3 8.25 TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39 TB GP 3 3 8.25 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25 Information bit 36 3 3

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)

TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period

Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit Data 41 synchronous bits 36 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval

8bit

3bit

68.25bit

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

142bit

3bit

8.25bit

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS

Tail bit Data 39 encrypted bits 64 synchronous bits Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

39 encrypted bits

3bit 8.25bit

Burst

Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit Data 57 encrypted bits Training sequence Data 57 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

1 26bit 1
Frame stealing flag

3bit

8.25bit

Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit 142 modulation bits Guard interval

3bit

3bit

8.25bit

Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel

category
Logical channel

Common channel (CCH)

Dedicated channel (DCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCCH)

Common control channel (CCCH)

Control channel

Voice channel (TCH)

FCH

SCH

BCCH PCH (system information)

AGCH

RACH

SDCCH

FACCH

TCH/F

TCH/H

SACCH

TCH/9.6F TCH/ 4.8F, H TCH/ 2.4F, H

Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH Common Channel BCCH SCH BCCH CCCH PCH AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated Channel

DCCH

SACCH

FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH Common Channel BCCH SCH BCCH CCCH PCH AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated Channel

DCCH

SACCH

FACCH

TCH

TCH/F TCH/H

Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

CCCH

Common channel

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

Dedicated channel

TCH

Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

CCCH

Common channel

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

DCCH

Dedicated channel

TCH

Use of Logical Channels

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH SDCCH TCH FACCH

off state

Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronization sequence Read system information

idle mode

Listen paging message Send access burst Wait for signaling channel allocation

dedicated mode

Call setup Assign traffic channel Conversation Call release

idle mode

Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multiframe
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF (full-rate TCH) TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/TH (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multiframe
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/C4 (combined BCCH) BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH) SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8 (main SDCCH)

Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4

Group

Group1

Group2

(same as Group2)

Grpup5

Channel

BX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

CX4

Frame
Number

2-5

6-9

10

11

12-15

16-19

20-39

40

41

42-45

46-49

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel

RR

Frame Number

10

11

12

13-46

47

48

49

50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Combined BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Group Group1 B Channel F S 4 B Channel F S 4 Frame Number 0 1 2-5 C 4 C 4 6-9 10 11 F S F S Group2 C 4 C 4 1215 C 4 C 4 1619 20 21 F S F S Group3 D0 4 D0 4 2225 D1 4 D1 4 2629 30 31 F S F S Group4 D2 4 D2 4 3235 D3 4 D3 4 3639 40 41 F S F S Grpup5 A0 4 A2 4 4245 A1 4 A3 4 4649 50 I I

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms

Uplink

Channel
Channel

D34
D04

R
R

R
R

A24
A04

A34
A14

RR
RR

D04
D04

D14
D14

R
R

R
R

D24
D24

Frame Number

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink D0 4 D0 4 D1 4 D1 4 D2 4 D2 4 D3 4 D3 4 D4 4 D4 4 D5 4 D5 4 D6 4 D6 4 D7 4 D7 4 A0 4 A4 4 A1 4 A5 4 A2 4 A6 4 A3 4 A7 4

Channel

Channel

Frame

Number

0-3

4-7

8-11

12-15

16-19

20-23

24-27

28-31

32-35

36-39

40-43

44-47

48

49

50

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink A5 4 A1 4 A6 4 A2 4 A7 4 A3 4 D0 4 D0 4 15D1 4 D1 4 19D2 4 D2 4 D3 4 D3 4 27D4 4 D4 4 D5 4 D5 4 D6 4 D6 4 D7 4 D7 4 A0 4 A4 4

Channel

Channel

Frame

Number

0-3

4-7

8-11

12

13

14

18

22

23-26

30

31-34

35-38

39-42

43-46

47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-TCH

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms

Channel

TT

Frame Number

1020

21

22

23

24

25

T:TCH; I:IDLE

Configuration of Common Control Channel

Downlink CCCH

Uplink CCCH

PCH

AGCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

CCCH Grouping

The GSM system supports various kinds of channel

combinations (GPRS not taken into account), in which the

main BCCH, extended BCCH, combined BCCH, and the BCCH+CBCH combination contain the CCCH, i.e. all of the four combinations support the MS access. The MS are distributed to different CCCH groups based on this fact.

CCCH Grouping

The GSM specifies that the CCCH can be mapped to

timeslots 0, 2, 4 and 6 but the extended BCCH combination

can only be mapped to timeslots 2, 4 and 6 because it does not contain FCCH and SCH. Therefore, all MS synchronize with the base station at timeslot 0 and access the network via different CCCH.

Paging Group

The GSM system supports a maximum of 99=81 paging

groups. the MS can be divided into 81 sub-groups at most

from the opinion of the paging group. No matter what combination mode is adopted, the number of blocks used for paging in every 51 multi-frame does not exceed 9. The system enables the 51 multi-frame to cycle again , with a quantity of BS-PA-MFRAMS (number of frames of the same paging) of 51 multi-frames as a period.

Paging Group

In GSM terms, the paging block in any 51 multiframe is called

a paging super-group. Therefore, the number of paging superframes in the system is the number of frames of the same paging. The number of paging groups in each super-group is 9 or 3 number of access granted reserved blocks.

Calculation of CCCH and Paging Group

CCCH group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod

(BS_CC_CHANS x N)] div N

Paging group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHANS x N)] mod N

In the formula: N = Number of paging groups x BS-PA-MFRAMS IMSI = IMSI number of the mobile phone mod = Modulo calculation div = Divide exactly

Questions
Whats the rate of voice coding ?

What

are

the

advantages

of

discontinuous transmission (DTX)?

What types of logical channels are there?