SHAPE FUNCTIONS FOR 2D AND 3D ELEMENTS WITH Co CONTINUITY

Complete polynomials in two dimensions. Pascal's triangle

Shape functions of Co rectangular elements. Natural coordinates in two dimensions

LAGRANGE RECTANGULAR ELEMENTS

Four-noded Lagrange rectangle

Nine-noded quadratic Lagrange rectangle

Sixteen-noded cubic Lagrange rectangle

Other Lagrange rectangular elements

SERENDIPITY RECTANGULAR ELEMENTS

Eigth-noded quadratic Serendipity rectangle

Twelve and seventeen-noded cubic Serendipity rectangle

SHAPE FUNCTIONS FOR Co CONTINUOUS TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS

Area coordinates

The area coordinates coincide precisely with the shape functions of the 3-noded triangular element

Derivation of the shape functions for Co continuous triangles

Shape functions for the 3-noded linear triangle

Shape functions for the six-noded quadratic triangle

Shape functions for the ten-noded cubic triangle

Natural coordinates for triangles

Therefore

This allows to express the shape functions in terms of , y

ANALYTIC COMPUTATION OF INTEGRALS OVER RECTANGLES AND STRAIGHT SIDE TRIANGLES

Example: 7.1 Compute the stiffness matrix for an ortrothopic quadratic triangle with straight sides and unit thickness

SHAPE FUNCTIONS FOR 3D ELEMENTS RIGHT PRISMS

Right prisms of the Lagrange family

Linear right prism of the Lagrange family

8-noded trilinear prism

27-noded tri-quadratic prism

Quadratic right prism of the Lagrange family

Serendipity prisms

20-noded quadratic Serendipity prism

32-noded cubic Serendipity prism

Example: 7.2 Compute the matrix for the 8-noded right prism of previous figure for a homogeneous isotropic material Solution

STRAIGHT EDGED TETRAHEDRA

Shape functions for the 10-noded quadratic tetrahedron

Shape functions for the 20-noded quadratic tetrahedron

COMPUTATION OF THE ELEMENT INTEGRALS Analytical computation of element integrals

Example: 7.3 Compute the submatrix tetrahedron with straight sides

of a 20-noded quadratic