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http://echem.blogfa.com The Ohio State University Dept. of Chemistry BETHA Project % "# $

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4 HCl(g) + O2(g) 2 Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

1) M2 2) M-2 3) none 4) M-1 5) M
#$ % "
0
! *+ #$ % & )*+ / . ,-- C & '( )*+ '
[CO] = 0.250 M , [H2] = 0.120 M , [CH3OH] = 0.0378 M

CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH3OH(g)

72 0, "23 04 -2, 06 524 0" 321 0
0 6
/ *+ #$ % & )*+ / . -- C & '( )*+ '
-6 -6
[COCl2] = 0/226 , [Cl2] = 7.02×10 , [CO] = 7.02×10

COCl2(g) CO(g) + Cl2(g)

-10 -10 -10 -10 -10
1) 4.32×10 2) 2.78×10 3) 2.18×10 4) 3.45×10 5) 1.50×10

0 4
! *+ #$ % & )*+ / . '( )*+ ' 6, C &
-2
[N2O4] = 0.303 [NO2] = 5.33×10
N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g)
-3 -3 -3 -3 -3
1) 7.01×10 2) 6.28×10 3) 9.38×10 4) 8.21×10 5) 5.37×10

K '8( 9: ;. 9: <( #$ % ,
0
[H2] = 0.0343 M > <( & / . 1 2 ' ' = 4-- C & '( )*+ '

2 HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g) ! HI , [I2] = 0.326 M

-25"7 0, -2746 04 -21,4 06 -277, 0" -27-" 0
-2 ?6 0 1
[NO2] = 5.33×10 > <( ' / . 3267@ - ' ' = 6, C & '( )*+ '

2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) / N2O4 / M

-26-6 0, -2443 04 -2, 4 06 -26,- 0" -2635 0
0 7
[H2] = 0.100 M , > <( ' / . 7- =' ' 6,- C & '( )*+ '

2 NH3(g) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ! N2 / [NH3] = 0.170 M

-24 0, -2"- 04 -2 - 06 -2,- 0" -26- 0
 E # A'B C D( E )*+ E F G& H 5
0
[CO] = 0.152 M , [H2] = 0.232 M , . / . 6236 "-- C & '( )*+ ' K& I
! (J #K L M + [CH4] = 0.0620 M , [H2O] = 0.0550 M
CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g)
/ . K :N E # )*+ $L > 0
/ A EL P ' O L & > 0"
/ . K : & E # )*+ $L > 06
0 3
> <( & / . 7- ' ' 6,- C & '( )*+ ' K& I
! (J #K L M + = [NH3] = 0.100 M , [N2] = 0.250 M , [H2] = 0.100 M
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g)
/ . K : & E # )*+ $L > 0
/ . EL DQ RJ & ' O L & > 0"
/ . K : & E # )*+ $L > 06
0 -
[CO2] = 0.720 M , [H2] = o.680 M , ; / 2 3 S 53- C & '( )*+ ' K& I
! . DQ #K L M + [CO] = 0.300 , [H2O] = 0.320

CO(g) + H2O(g) H2(g) + CO2(g)

/ . K :N E # )*+ $L > 0
/ . EL DQ RJ & ' O > 0"
/ . K : & E # $L > 06
& BA ' ?# . DQ
/ . D TB & 'A & BA )S + ' & < + & / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+
1) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) Ho = + 172.5 kJ
2) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) Ho = -91.8 kJ
3) CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) Ho = -21.7 kJ
4) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) Ho = 181 kJ
5) 2 H2O(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) Ho = 484.6 kJ
, 0, 6 04 4 " 06 6 " 0" 4 60
! *+ A'B C & E # )*+ & BA )S + # < + & / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+ "
1) 4 HCl(g) + O2(g) 2 Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
2) 2 HCl(g) + 1/2 O2(g) Cl2(g) + H2O(g)
3) Cl2(g) + H2O(g) 2 HCl(g) + 1/2 O2(g)
4) CO2(g) + 4 H2(g) CH4(g) + 2 H2O(g)
5) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g)
6 0, , " 04 , 4 06 4 6 0" 4 "= 0
! *+ EL ' O & BA & ' O # )*+ & M + & / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+ 6
o
1) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) H = 181 kJ
2) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) Ho = 566 kJ
3) H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g) Ho = -9.4 kJ
4) H2(g) + F2(g) 2 HF(g) Ho = -541 kJ
5) N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) Ho = 66.4
4 6 = 0, 4 = " 04 6 = " = 06 , = " 0" , 6="0
 ' # . DQ 4
! 'V DT. & 'A U 9A # < + & / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+
o
1) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) H = -91.8 kJ
2) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) Ho = 566 kJ
3) CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) Ho = -21.7 kJ
4) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) Ho = 181 kJ
5) H2(g) + F2(g) 2 HF(g) Ho = -541 kJ
, = 6 0, , 04 , 6 = 06 4 = " 0" 6= 0

! . D TB & 'A )( 9A # < + & / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+ ,
1) CO(g) + 3 H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g) Ho = -206.2 kJ
2) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) Ho = 172.5 kJ
3) H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g) Ho = -9.4 kJ
4) 3 O2(g) 2 O3(g) Ho = 285 kJ
5) 2 H2O(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) Ho = 484.6 kJ
, = 6 0, , " = 04 6 = 06 , = 4 = " 0" 4= 0
! . & 'A )S + # < + & / (' 8 ' L & &'( B*+ 1
o
1) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) H = 172.5 kJ
2) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) Ho = -91.8 kJ
3) CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH Ho = -21.7 kJ
4) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) Ho = 181 kJ

5) 2 H2O(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) Ho = 484.6 kJ

4 = 6 0, 6 04 , = 4 = 06 6 = " 0" 4="0

& BA ' # . DQ 7
/ . K : & 'A E # ;(C W & BA & '( B*+ < +
1) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) Ho = -91.8 kJ
2) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) Ho = 566 kJ
3) 3 O2(g) 2 O3(g) Ho = 285 kJ
4) H2(g) + F2(g) 2 HF(g) Ho = -541 kJ
5) N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) Ho = 66.4 kJ
4 0, " 04 6 06 , 0" 0
! . K : & 'A E # W ; ( C & BA ' & '( B*+ < + 5
o
1) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) H = -91.8 kJ
2) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) Ho = 566 kJ
3) H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g) Ho = -9.4 kJ
4) 3 O2(g) 2 O3(g) Ho = 285 kJ
5) N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) Ho = 66.4 kJ
4 0, 04 6 06 , 0" "0
! . K : & 'A E # W W & BA ' & '( B*+ < + 3
1) CO(g) + 3 H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g) Ho = -206.2 kJ
2) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) Ho = 172.5 kJ
3) H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g) Ho = -9.4 kJ
4) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) Ho = 181 kJ
5) N2(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 NO2(g) Ho = 66.4 kJ
6 0, 04 " 06 4 0" ,0
 ' # . DQ "-
K : & 'A E # =)*+ & . K( ' O ' & < + *+ ; / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+
! .
1) CO(g) + 3 H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g) (remove CO)
2) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) (add CO2)
3) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) (add nitrogen)
4) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) (add CO)
5) CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) (remove CH3OH)
4 0, 6 " 04 , 6 " 06 4 6 0" 4 "0
S & 'A E # =)*+ & . K( ' O ' & < + *+ ; / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+ "
! . K :
1) 2 H2O(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) (remove water)
2) H2(g) + I2(g) 2 HI(g) (remove HI)
3) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) (add CaCO3)
4) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) (add O2)
5) BaO(s) + SO3(g) BaSO4(s) (add BaO)
, " 0, 6 04 4 " 06 , 6 0" 4 60
S & 'A E # =)*+ & . K( ' O ' & < + *+ ; / (' 8 ' L & & '( B*+ ""
! . K :
1) CO(g) + 3 H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(g) (remove water)
2) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) (add carbon)
3) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) (add ammonia)
4) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) (add CO)
5) CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) (add CO)
6 " 0, " 04 , 06 , " 0" 4 60
# . DQ "6
! S ' O & E # & L X'. M + ='( )*+ '
4 HCl(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) + 2 Cl2(g) + heat
/ & D$F S #*(9V T( Y F ' B 06 + )( 9A 0" & BA )( 9A 0
ZJ ' B R 9A 0, )( 9A 04
! *+ ' O & E # [ < +& *+ ; (' 8 ' L & & '( )*+ "4
4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) + heat
& D$F S #*(9V T( Y F ' B 06 + )( 9A 0" & BA )( 9A 0
ZJ ' B R 9A 0, )( 9A 04
! **+ ' O # CO2 CO = ( )( 9A )*+ \'] & & BA >K )S + ' & 'V ='( > & ",
H2(g) + CO2(g) + heat H2O(g) + CO(g)
/ * ( )S + [CO2] [CO] 0" / **+ EL ' O [CO2] [CO] 0
/ ( )( 9A [CO2] )S + [CO] 04 / * ( )( 9A [CO2] [CO] 06
/ ( )S + [CO2] )( 9A [CO] 0,