KINH TRUNG A-HM (I)

Hn dch: Tam Tng TNG-GI--B (Saghadeva)

O T bt th

Vit dch: TU S

PHM 1: BY PHP TNG NGY TH NHT

K tm tt: Thin php, Tr th, Thnh, Thy, Mc tch d, Thin nhn vng, Th phc, Nht, Xa, Lu tn by
1. KINH THIN PHP 2. KINH TR C TH 3. KINH THNH D 4. KINH THY D 5. KINH MC TCH D 6. KINH THIN NHN VNG 7. KINH TH GIAN PHC 8. KINH THT NHT 9. KINH THT XA 10. KINH LU TN

1. KINH THIN PHP [421a13] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Th Tn tr ti1 ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm2 vn Cp C c. By gi Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: T-kheo no thnh tu by php tt c hoan h an lc trong php Hin Thnh, thng tin n lu tn. By php l g? l bit php, bit ngha, bit thi, bit tit , bit mnh, bit chng hi v bit s hn km ca ngi3. (1) Th no gi l T-kheo bit php? Ngha l T-kheo bit chnh kinh, ca vnh, k thuyt, k-tha, nhn duyn, son lc, bn khi, th thuyt, sanh x, qung gii, v tng hu v thuyt ngha4. y l T-kheo bit php. Nu T-kheo khng bit php, tc khng bit chnh kinh, ca vnh, k thuyt, k tha, nhn duyn, son lc, bn khi, th thuyt, sanh x, qung gii, v tng hu v thuyt ngha. T-kheo nh vy l khng bit php. T-kheo no kho bit r php, l bit chnh kinh, ca vnh, k thuyt, k tha, nhn duyn, son lc, bn khi, th thuyt, sanh x, qung gii, v

Nguyn hn: du . Pl., thnh c tng ng: () viharati, tr ti. Thng lm , rng K . Pl.: Jetavana. 3 Tri php, tri ngha, tri thi, tri tit, tri chng, tri nhn thng nh . Pli (A. iv. 113): dhamma ca hoti attha ca atta ca matta ca kla ca parisa ca puggalaparopara ca. 4 Chnh kinh, ca vnh, k thuyt, k tha, nhn duyn, son lc, bn khi, th thuyt, sanh x, qung gii, v tng hu v thuyt ngha , , , , , , , , , , , . No 27: vn , ca , thuyt , tng , th d , bn khi k , s gii , sanh truyn , qung bc , t nhin , hnh , chng c . No 215(39.1): kh kinh , k-d , k , nhn duyn , th d , bn mt , quang bc , phng ng , v tng hu , qung ph , th quyt , sanh kinh. C ba bnu lit k mi hai b. Pli (A. iv. 113) ch c chn: sutta geyya veyykaraa gtha udna ittivuttaka jtaka abbhutadhamma vedalla.
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KINH THIN PHP 6

tng hu v thuyt ngha. y l T-kheo kho bit r php. (2) Th no gi l T-kheo bit ngha? Ngha l T-kheo bit ngha ca gio thuyt ny hay gio thuyt kia, bit iu ny c ngha nh th kia, bit iu kia c ngha nh th ny. l T-kheo bit ngha. Nu T-kheo khng bit ngha tc l T-kheo khng bit ngha ca gio thuyt ny hay gio thuyt kia; khng bit iu ny c ngha nh th kia, iu kia c ngha nh th ny. T-kheo nh vy l khng bit ngha. T-kheo no kho bit r [421b] ngha, l bit ngha ca gio thuyt ny hay gio thuyt kia, bit iu ny c ngha nh th kia, bit iu kia c ngha nh th ny. l T-kheo kho bit r ngha. (3) Th no gi l T-kheo bit thi? l T-kheo bit thi no nn tu phng php thp, thi no nn tu phng php cao, thi no nn tu phng php x5. y l T-kheo bit thi. T-kheo no khng bit thi tc l khng bit thi no nn tu phng php thp, thi no nn tu phng php cao, thi no nn tu phng php x. T-kheo nh vy l khng bit thi. T-kheo no kho bit r thi, l bit thi no nn tu phng php thp, thi no nn tu phng php cao, thi no nn tu phng php x. y l T-kheo kho bit r thi. (4) Th no l T-kheo bit tit ? l T-kheo bit tit trong vic n, ung, i, ng, ngi, nm, ni nng, im lng, gim bt ng ngh, tu tp chnh tr. y l T-kheo bit tit . T-kheo no khng bit tit tc l T-kheo khng bit tit trong vic n, ung, i, ng, ngi, nm, ni nng, im lng, i tiu tin, gim bt ng ngh, tu tp chnh tr. T-kheo nh vy l khng bit tit . T-kheo no kho bit r s tit , l bit tit trong vic n, ung, i, ng, ngi, nm, ni nng, im lng, gim bt ng ngh, tu tp chnh

Hn: h tng, cao tng, x tng , , . No 1536 ( tr.457b): tu ch tng, tu c tng, tu x tng. No 27: thi t duy tch dit tng, thi t duy th hnh tng, thi t duy sn h tng. Pli: aya klo uessa, aya klo paripucchya, aya klo yogassa, aya klo paisallnass ti. y l thi ging thuyt; y l thi hi; y l thi tu tp, y l thi tnh ch. Trong bn Hn, c uddha(?) hay ucca (cao), thay v uddesa (ging gii).

KINH THIN PHP

tr. y l T-kheo kho bit r s tit . (5) Th no l T-kheo bit mnh? T-kheo t bit mnh c mc y tn, gii, th, tu, bin, A-hm v s c6. T-kheo nh vy l bit mnh. T-kheo no khng bit mnh tc l khng t bit mnh c mc y tn, gii, vn, th, tu, bin, a-hm v s c. T-kheo nh vy l khng bit mnh. T-kheo no kho t bit r mnh, l bit mnh c mc y tn, gii th, tu, bin, a-hm v s c. T-kheo nh vy l kho bit r mnh. (6) Th no l T-kheo bit chng hi? T-kheo bit y l chng hi St-l, y l B-la-mn, y l chng hi C s, y l chng hi Samn. ni cc chng hi y, ta nn i nh vy, ng nh vy, ngi nh vy, ni nh vy, im lng nh vy. y l T-kheo bit chng hi. T-kheo no khng bit chng hi tc l khng bit y l chng hi St-l, y l chng hi B-la-mn 7 , y l chng hi C s, 8 y l chng hi Sa-mn. ni cc chng hi y, ta nn i nh vy, [421c] ng nh vy, ngi nh vy, ni nh vy, im lng nh vy. T-kheo nh vy l khng bit chng hi. T-kheo no kho bit r chng hi, l bit y l chng hi St-l, y l B-la-mn, y l chng hi C s, y l chng hi Sa-mn. ni cc chng hi y, ta nn i nh vy, ng nh vy, ngi nh vy, ni nh vy, im lng nh vy. y l T-kheo kho bit r chng hi. (7) Th no l T-kheo bit s hn km ca ngi9? l T-kheo bit c hai hng ngi: c tn v c bt tn, ngi c tn l hn, ngi bt tn
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Hn: tn, gii, vn, th, tu, bin, a-hm, s c . No 27: so tn, s gii, s vn, s thie, s tu, s gii, s ch, s nhp No 1536 (tr.457c): tn, gii, vn, x, tu, gio, chng, nim, tc tnh, bin ti . Pli: saddha (tn), sla (gii), suta (vn), cga (th x), pa (tu), paibhna (bin ti). 7 Nguyn bn: Phm ch . Nhng ni khc, tny thng ch t tng ng Pli: parribbjaka: ph hnh gi, ngoi o xut gia. Nhng y ch Bla-mn. 8 No 27: chng qun t (St-l) hay chng l gia (c s) . 9 Hn: tri nhn thng nh . No 125(39.1): tri chng nhn cn nguyn . No 1536, dn: tri nhn thng lit .

KINH THIN PHP 8

l km. Ngi c tn li c hai hng: Thng n gp T-kheo v khng thng n gp T-kheo. Ngi n gp thy T-kheo l hn, ngi khng thng n gp T-kheo l km. Ngi thng n gp T-kheo li c hai hng: c l knh v khng l knh. Ngi c l knh l hn; ngi khng l knh l km. Ngi c l knh li c hai hng: c hi Kinh v khng hi Kinh. Ngi c hi Kinh l hn, ngi khng hi Kinh l km. Ngi c hi Kinh li c hai hng: nht tm nghe Kinh v khng nht tm nghe Kinh. Ngi nht tm nghe Kinh l hn, ngi khng nht tm nghe Kinh l km. Ngi nht tm nghe Kinh c hai hng: nghe ri th tr php v nghe ri khng th tr php. Ngi nghe ri th tr php l hn, ngi nghe ri khng th tr php l km. Ngi nghe ri th tr php li c hai hng: nghe php c qun st ngha v nghe php khng qun st ngha. Ngi nghe php c qun st ngha l hn, ngi nghe php khng qun st ngha l km. Hng nghe php qun st ngha li c hai: bit php, bit ngha, hng n php ty php,10 ty thun php, thc hnh ng nh php; v hng khng bit php, khng bit ngha, khng hng v php v th php, ty thun php v thc hnh ng nh php. Ngi bit php, bit ngha, hng v php v th php, ty thun php, thc hnh ng nh php l hn; ngi khng bit php, khng bit ngha, khng hng n php ty php, khng ty thun php, khng thc hnh ng nh php l thp km. Hng bit php, bit ngha, hng n php ty php, ty thun php, thc hnh nh php li c hai hng: T lm ch li cho mnh v cng lm ch li cho ngi khc, lm ch li cho mi ngi, xt thng th gian, [422a] cu ngha li v li, an n khoi lc cho tri v ngi; v hng khng t lm li ch cho mnh v cng khng lm li ch cho ngi,

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Nguyn hn: hng php th php, tc php ty php hnh, tu tp theo php v ty php, hay theo ty php ca php, theo thun t ca php. Pl.: dhammnudhammapaipannna.

KINH THIN PHP

khng xt thng th gian, khng cu ngha li v li, an n khoi lc cho tri v ngi. Nu ngi no t lm li ch, cng lm li ch cho ngi, lm li ch cho mi ngi, xt thng th gian, cu ngha li v li, an n v khoi lc cho tri ngi, ngi y l bc nht, l ln, l trn, l ti cao, l hn ht, l tn qu, l tuyt diu gia mi ngi khc. V nh t b c sa, t sa c lc, t lc c sinh t, t sinh t c thc t, t thc t c t tinh11. T tinh l th bc nht, l ln, l trn, l ti cao, l hn ht, l tn qu, l tuyt diu i vi nhng loi kia. Cng vy, nu ngi no t lm li ch cho mi ngi, xt thng th gian, cu ngha li v li, an n khoi lc cho tri ngi, trong hai hng ngi nh trn ni, phn bit, thi thit, ngi y l bc nht, l ln, l trn, l ti cao, l hn ht, l tn qu, l tuyt diu. y l T-kheo bit s hn km ca ngi. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc v T-kheo sau khi nghe nhng iu Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

Hn: nh, lc, sinh t, thc t, t tinh . Pli: khra (sa), dadhi (sa ng hay sa chua), takka (b lng, nc ), navanta (b c), sappi (du b hay b tinh, h). Bn Pli tng ng khng c th d ny.

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2. KINH TR TH Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, ti Thng Lm Lm trong vn Cp C c. By gi Pht ni vi cc T-kheo: Nu l cy Tr 1 Tam Thp Tam Thin a vng 2, lc thin chng Tam thp thin vui mng hn h, cho rng l cy Tr chng bao lu na s rng. Ri th l cy Tam Thp Tam Thin rng. Lc Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin vui mng hn h cho rng l cy Tr chng bao lu na s mc li. Ri th l cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin mc li, lc Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin vui mng hn h cho rng cy Tr chng bao lu na s kt ra mng li3. Ri th cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin kt mng li. Lc Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin vui mng hn h cho rng cy Tr chng bao lu na s n n ging nh m chim4. Ri th cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin n n ging nh m chim. Lc Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin cho rng cy Tr

Hn: tr th . Pli: prichattaka (Skt. prijta: vin sinh th . Cy san h (Erythmia Indica) trn tri ao-l (Pl. Tvatisa), lm chun tnh ngy; ng h ca tri ao-l. No.125 ( 39.2 ) m t: gc cy ln nm mi do tun, cao mt trm do tun, bng mt ph bn pha, mi pha nm mi do tun. Cc Thin thn ci tri Tam Thp Tam Thin, vo tit thng t thng t tp n thng ngon. No.28 cng m t tng t. 2 No.28: cy y tc sinh ra bn n-b- la-x . Pli: pauplasa: (l cy) ho a. 3 Hn: sinh vng . Pli: jlakajta: ny mm chi non. Bn Hn phn tch: jlaka: mng li + jta: sinh. No. 28: bo vng . phn tch: jlaka, li; + jta = jtarpa (?): vng (hong kim). 4 Hn: iu trc . Pli: khraka, chi hay lc.

KINH TRU AC THO

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chng bao lu na s n hoa ging nh ci bt 5. [422b] Ri th cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin n hoa nh ci bt. Lc Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin hn h cho rng cy Tr chng bao lu hoa s n trn tra. Khi cy Tr n hoa trn tra, n chiu ra nh sng, mu sc v ta ra mi thm trong chu vi trm do-tun6. Lc by gi vo thng t ma h, cc v Tam Thp Tam Thin vui a vi nm mn dc lc ci tri. l Tam Thp Tam Thin tp trung di cy Tr m hng th s hoan lc. Theo ngha nh th, v Thnh t cng vy. Khi suy ngh n vic xut gia, lc v Thnh t nh l chic l a vng, cng ging nh l cy Tr ci Tam Thp Tam Thin vng a. Li na, khi v Thnh t co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, vi ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o; lc v Thnh t c gi l l rng, nh l cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin rng xung. Li na, khi v Thnh t ly dc, ly php c bt thin, c tm c t7, c h v lc pht sinh do vin ly8, thnh tu v an tr9 S thin; lc v Thnh t c gi l sanh tr li nh l cy Tam Thp Tam Thin sanh tr li. Li na, khi v Thnh t tm v t dt, ni tnh, nht tm khng tm khng t, c h lc do nh sanh10 thnh tu v an tr Nh thin. Lc Thnh t c gi l sanh mng li nh cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin sanh mng li.
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No.28, hai giai on: cu-chm-ma-la-ca . Pli: kuumalaka, n hoa va l); v ca-ca-t . Pli, koraka, n hoa). 6 Nguyn bn: do-tun (Pl.: yojana); nhng ph thng quen vi m dotun. 7 Hn: hu gic hu qun. Pli: sa vitakka savicra, cu hu vi tm (suy tm) v cu hu vi t (t st). 8 Hn: ly sanh h lc . Pli: vivekaja ptisukha, h v lc pht sinh t s vin ly (n c). 9 Hn: thnh tu du . Pli: upasampajja viharati, sau khi chng nhp, v y an tr (sng trong trng thi). 10 Hn: nh sanh h lc . Pli: samdhija ptisukha.

KINH TRU AC THO 13

Li na, khi v Thnh t la h dc, an tr x v cu11vi chnh nim chnh tr, thn cm gic lc; iu m Thnh ni12 l an tr lc c x, v nim,13 thnh tu an tr Tam thin. Lc Thnh t c gi l n n nh m chim, cng nh cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin n n nh m chim. Li na, khi Thnh t dit lc, dit kh; u v h t trc cng dit, khng kh khng lc, x v nim thanh tnh14 thnh tu an tr T thin. V Thnh t lc c gi l n hoa nh ci bt vy, cng nh cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin n hoa nh ci bt. Li na, khi Thnh t cc lu c dit tn, tm gii thot, tu gii thot, ngay trong i hin ti ny m t tri, t gic, t tc chng, thnh tu an tr; v y bit mt cch nh tht rng Sanh ht, phm hnh vng, iu cn lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na15. Lc v Thnh t c gi l hoa n trn tra, cng ging nh cy Tr Tam Thp Tam Thin n hoa trn tra. l v T-kheo lu tn A-la-hn c Tam Thp Tam Thin tp hi ti chnh in Thin php hi han khen ngi rng: V Thnh t tn qu , ti thn [422c] p kia, co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o, cc lu ht, tm gii thot, tu gii thot, ngay trong i hin ti ny t tri, t gic, t tc chng,
Hn: ly h dc, x, v cu du . Pli: ptiy ca virg ca uppekkako ca viharati: v y sng (an tr) trong trng thi x, khng cn h. 12 Thnh s thuyt Thnh s x . No 1537 (tr. 484b): Thnh ni l cn phi x, tc l x lc c cm gic bi thn. S gii Pli: ya ta ariy cikkhanti kinti? upekkhako satim sukhaviharati, iu m cc Thnh ni, l g? an tr lc c x v (chnh) nim. 13 Hn: x nim lc tr khng , nn c ng: () lc tr tht , Pl. sukhaviharati. T tng ng Pl. viharati (vihra, vihr): an tr, c ng. Danh t ca n, Hn thng dch l tr; nhng cng c bn hn hiu l ng hay tht (ci nh) nh (bn) Phm ng hay Phm tht m Pli tng ng l brahma-vihra, tc bn Phm tr. Vy, owr ay hn dch: lc tru tht, chnh xc cn hiu l lc tr hay an tr lc. 14 Hn: x nim thanh tnh . No 1537 (tr.485a): Lc by gi, hoc x, hoc nim, thy u c thanh tnh. Pli: upekksatiparisuddhi. 15 Hn: bt cnh th hu .
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KINH TRU AC THO

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thnh tu an tr, bit mt cch nh tht rng, s sanh ht, phm hnh vng, iu cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. l s tp hi ca cc A-la-hn lu tn, nh ch thin Tam Thp Tam Thin cng tp hi di cy Tr vy. Pht thuyt nh vy, cc v T-kheo sau khi nghe nhng iu Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

3. KINH THNH D Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr nc X-v, trong Thng Lm Lm vn Cp C c. By gi Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo: Nh vng thnh bin gii c y iu kin1 v bn th lng thc sung tc d tm khng kh; do vng thnh khng b ngoi ch nh ph, ngoi tr t ph hoi t bn trong. Nhng g l by iu kin m Vng thnh c y ? l vng thnh bin gii xy ct vng gc2, p t cho chc khng th ph v, bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l vic y th nht ca vng thnh. Li na, vng thnh bin gii, o ho vt ao cho tht su rng, sa sang c b c th nng ta, lm cho bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l vic y th hai ca vng thnh. Li na, nh ng giao thng chung quanh vng thnh bin gii c dn dp cho bng phng, rng ri, bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l vic lm y th ba ca vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii tp trung bn binh qun: qun voi, qun nga, qun xe, qun b, bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi, l vic lm y th t ca vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii d b binh kh, cung, tn, mu, kch, bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l vic lm y th nm ca vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii lp v i tng trn th, sng sut, thao lc, c tr, tho vc, dng mnh, cng ngh, gii mu chc, ngi lnh th cho vo, k khng lng thin th ngn cm, bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l vic lm y th su ca vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii xy p tng cao cho tht kin
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Hn: tht s c tc . Pli: sattehi nagaraparikkrehi, vi by t c bo v thnh tr. 2 Hn: lu l . Pli: esika, ct tr bng , thch tr.

KINH THNH D

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c, trt bn, t t, bn trong c an n, ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l vic lm y th by ca vng thnh. Bn th lng thc3 d tm khng kh l g? l vng thnh bin gii nc, c, [423a] ci, g c sn, c d b, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l loi lng thc th nht sung tc, d tm khng kh vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii thu np nhiu la go v cha ct la mch, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l loi lng thc y , d kim khng kh vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii cha nhiu u nim, i u, tiu u4 bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l loi lng thc th ba sung tc, d tm khng kh vng thnh. Li na, nh vng thnh bin gii, cha du b, mt, ng ma, c, mui, tht kh, tt c y , bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. l loi lng thc th t sung tc, d tm khng kh vng thnh. Nh vy, Vng thnh by vic y , bn th lng thc sung tc, d tm khng kh, nn khng b ngoi ch nh ph, ch tr bn trong t ph hoi. Cng vy, nu Thnh t cng c by thin php v bn tng thng tm5, d c khng kh, v th Thnh t khng b ma vng lung lc6 cng khng theo php c bt thin, khng b nhim bi phin no, khng cn th sanh tr li. By thin php m Thnh t c c l nhng g? l Thnh t c tn kin c, tin su ni Nh Lai7, tn cn vng, trn khng tin theo
Hn: thc . Pli (A.iv. 105): hra. TNM: s . Hn: nim u, i tiu u .Pli: tila-mugga-msparaa, m (vng), u , v cc loi u khc. 5 By thin php v bn tng thng tm . Pli: sattasahamm (by php vi diu), v catu-jhna-abhicetasik (bn Thin tng thng tm). 6 Hn: bt v Ma vng chi s c tin . Pli: akarayo marassa, khng b Ma vng chinh phc. 7 Hn: thm trc Nh Lai . Pli: saddahati Tathgatassa bodhi, tin
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KINH THNH D 17

Sa-mn, B-la-mn, ngoi o, cng nh Thin ma, Phm thin, v cc hng th gian khc. l Thnh t c thin php th nht. Li na, Thnh t lun sng bit tm8, iu ng xu h th bit xu h, xu h php c bt thin, phin no cu u, l th khin th cc c bo, gy nn gc r sanh t. l thin php th hai m Thnh t c c. Li na, Thnh t lun sng bit qu9, iu ng xu thn bit xu thn, xu thn php c bt thin, phin no cu u l th khin th cc c bo, to gc sanh t. l thin php th ba m Thnh t c c. Li na, Thnh t thng thc hnh tinh tn10, on tr cc c bt thin php, tu cc thin php, lun gng sc bn ch, chuyn nht kin c, lm cc iu thin, khng b phng tin11. l thin php th t m Thnh t c c. Li na, Thnh t hc rng nghe nhiu, ghi nh khng qun, tch ly s hc rng. Cc php no l ton thin khong u, ton thin khong gia, ton thin khong cui, c ngha c vn, thanh tnh trn , phm hnh hin hin12, hc rng nghe nhiu cc php nh vy; hc n c ngn ln, ch chuyn tm qun st, thy r hiu su. l thin php th nm m Thnh t c c. Li na, Thnh t lun sng vi chnh nim, thnh tu chnh nim; nhng iu hc tp t lu, [423b] tng nghe t lu, nh lun khng qun. l thin php th su m Thnh t c c. Li na, Thnh t tu hnh tr tu, qun st php hng suy13. Do c
tng su sc s gic ng ca Nh Lai. 8 Hn: tm s . Pli: hirm. 9 Hn: tu qu . Pli: ottapp. 10 Pli: raddha-viriya, n lc tinh cn. 11 Pli: anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu, khng t b gnh nng trong cc thin php. 12 Hn: c tc thanh tnh, hin hin phm hnh . Pli, thnh c: kevalaparipua parisuddha brahmacariya abhivadanti, (cc php y) tn thn phm hnh vin mn v thanh tnh. 13 Hn: qun hng suy php . Pli: udayatthagtaminiy paya samanngato, thnh tu tr tu v s sinh khi v hoi dit (ca cc php).

KINH THNH D

18

tr nh vy, bng s phn bit t tng v thu sut ca tr tu bc Thnh 14 m chn chnh dit tn kh. l thin php th by m Thnh t c c. Nhng g l bn tng thng tm, d c khng kh m Thnh t t c? l Thnh t ly dc, ly php c bt thin, c tm c t, c h v lc pht sinh do vin ly, thnh tu v an tr S thin. l tng thng tm th nht d c khng kh m Thnh t t n. Li na, Thnh t tm v t dt, ni tm tch tnh, khng tm khng t, c h lc do nh sanh, thnh tu v an tr Nh thin. l tng thng tm th hai d c khng kh m Thnh t t n. Li na, Thnh t la h dc, an tr x v cu vi chnh nim chnh tr, thn cm gic lc; iu m Thnh ni l an tr lc c x, v nim, thnh tu an tr Tam thin. l tng thng tm th ba d c khng kh m Thnh t t n. Li na, Thnh t dit lc, dit kh; u v h t trc cng dit, khng kh khng lc, x v nim thanh tnh, thnh tu an tr T thin. l tng thng tm th t d c khng kh m Thnh t t n. Nh vy, Thnh t c by thin php, t n bn tm tng thng d c khng kh, khng b Ma vng lung lc, cng khng theo php c bt thin, khng b nhim bi nhim , khng cn th sanh tr li. Nh vng thnh bin gii xy ct vng gc, p t cho chc khng th ph v, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t c tn kin c, tin su ni Nh Lai, tn cn lp, trn khng theo Sa-mn, B-la-mn, Ngoi o, cng nh Thin ma, Phm thin v cc hng th gian khc. l Thnh t c vng gc tn tm tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php. Nh Vng thnh bin gii o ho vt ao tht su rng, sa sang tht vng chc, c th nng ta, lm cho bn trong c an n, v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng th, Thnh t lun sng bit tm, iu ng xu h bit xu h, xu h php c, bt thin, phin no cu u, l th khin th cc c bo, to gc r sanh t. l Thnh t c h ao
14

Hn: Thnh tu minh t phn bit hiu liu . Pli, thnh c: ariy nibbedhikya, bng s quyt trch ca Thnh, Thnh quyt trch.

KINH THNH D 19

tm s, tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php. Nh vng thnh bin gii dn dp nhng con ng ni lin chung quanh cho bng thng rng ri bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t lun sng [423c] bit qu, iu ng thn bit thn, thn php c, bt thin, phin no cu u l th khin th cc c bo, to gc r sanh t. l Thnh t c con ng bng thng h thn tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php. Nh vng thnh bin gii tp trung bn binh chng: tng qun, m qun, xa qun, b qun, bn trong c an n v ch ng ch qun bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t thng thc hnh hnh tinh tn, on tr c bt thin, tu cc thin php, lun gng sc bn ch, chuyn nht kin c, lm cc iu thin, khng b phng tin, on tr c bt thin, tu cc thin php, hng t sch tn, chuyn nht, kin c, lm cc gc r thin, khng b phng tin. l Thnh t c qun lc tinh tn tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php. Nh vng thnh bin gii, chun b binh kh, cung tn, mu kch, bn trong c an n, v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t hc rng nghe nhiu, ghi nh khng qun, tch ly s nghe rng. Cc php no l ton thin khong u, ton thin khong gia, ton thin khong cui, c ngha c vn, thanh tnh trn , phm hnh hin hin, hc rng nghe nhiu cc php nh vy; hc n c ngn ln, ch chuyn tm qun st, thy r hiu su. l Thnh t c binh kh a vn, tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php. Nh vng thnh bin gii lp v i tng trn th sng sut, thao lc, c tr, tho vc, dng mnh, cng ngh, gii mu chc, ngi hin th cho vo, k bt lng th ngn cm, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t lun sng chnh nim, thnh tu chnh nim, nhng g tng thc tp t lu, tng nghe t lu, nh lun khng qun. l Thnh t c i tng trn th nim tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php. Nh vng thnh bin gii xy p tng cao cho tht kin c, trt bn t t, bn trong c an n, v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy Thnh t tu hnh tr tu, qun php hng suy. Bng Thnh tu phn bit t tng v thu sut m chn chnh dit tn kh. l Thnh t c bc tng tr tu, tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php.

KINH THNH D

20

Nh vng thnh bin gii c chun b sn nc, c, ci, g, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t ly dc v c bt thin php, c tm c t, c h lc do vin ly, thnh tu an tr S thin, sng an lc khng thiu thn, an n khoi lc, t mnh i n Nit-bn. Nh vng thnh bin gii thu np nhiu la go v cha nhiu cy la mch, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t dt tm t, ni tnh nht tm, khng tm khng t, h lc do nh sanh, [324a] thnh tu an tr Nh thin, lc tr khng thiu thn, an n, khoi lc, t mnh i n Nit-bn. Nh vng thnh bin gii cha nhiu nim u, i u, v tiu u, bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t la h dc, an tr x v cu vi chnh nim chnh tr, thn cm gic lc; iu m Thnh ni l an tr lc c x, v nim, thnh tu an tr Tam thin, sng an lc khng thiu thn, an n khoi lc, t mnh i n Nit-bn. Nh vng thnh bin gii cha ct b, du, mt ma, ng, c, mui, tht kh, tt c y . bn trong c an n v ch ng on ch bn ngoi. Cng vy, Thnh t dit lc, dit kh; u v h t trc cng dit, khng kh khng lc, x v nim thanh tnh, thnh tu an tr T thin, sng an lc khng thiu thn, an n khoi lc, t mnh i n Nit-bn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc Thy T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

4. KINH THY D(1) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong Thng Lm Lm vn Cp C c. By gi Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo: Ta s ging cho cc ngi nghe v by hng ngi di nc. Cc ngi hy lng nghe, lng nghe, v kho suy ngh! By gi cc T-kheo vng li lng nghe. c Pht dy: Nhng g l by? Hoc c ngi nm mi di nc. Hoc c mt hng ngi ngoi ln khi nc ri chm tr li. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi nc ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi khi nc ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn ri li qua. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi khi nc ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh; nhn ri li qua; li qua ri n b bn kia. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi khi nc ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh; nhn ri li qua; li qua ri n b bn kia; n b bn kia ri c gi l ngi ng trn b 1. Cng vy, Ta s ging cho cc ngi nghe v by hng ngi nh v d v nc. Cc ngi hy lng nghe, v kho suy ngh. By gi cc T-kheo vng li lng nghe. Pht ni: Nhng g l by? Hoc c ngi nm mi di nc. Hoc c mt hng ngi ra khi nc ri chm tr li. Hoc c ngi ra khi nc ri ng. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi nc ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi khi nc ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn ri li qua. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi khi nc ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh; nhn ri [424b] li qua; li qua ri n b bn kia. Hoc c ngi ngoi ln khi khi nc ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh; nhn ri li qua; li qua ri n b bn kia; n b bn kia ri c gi l B-la-mn ng trn b2. l Ta ni vn tt v by hng ngi theo v d v nc. Nh
Hn: tr ngn nhn . Pli: prangato, qua b bn kia. Hn: tr ngn phm ch . Pli: prangato thale tithati bramano, ngi B-la-mn sang b bn kia, ng trn t lin.
2 1

KINH THY D

24

ni, ging gii trn, cc ngi c bit ngha g? Phn bit g? C nhn duyn g? By gi cc T-kheo bch Th Tn rng: Th Tn l gc ca php. Th Tn l Php ch, php do Th Tn. Knh mong Th Tn ni ra, chng con sau khi nghe ri s hiu bit rng ri ngha. Pht dy: Cc ngi hy lng nghe, lng nghe, v kho suy ngh! Ta s phn bit ngha y cho cc ngi. By gi cc T-kheo vng li lng nghe. Pht ni: Th no l hng ngi nm mi3? Hoc c nhng ngi b php bt thin che lp, b nhim bi nhim , th qu bo ca c php, to gc r sanh t. l hng ngi nm mi di nc. Cng nh ngi chm lm, nm lun di nc, Ta ni ngi kia cng ging nh vy. l hng ngi th nht ca v d v nc, th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy. Th no l hng ngi ngoi ln khi nc ri chm li? l ngi lm tri ln tn tm ni thin php, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php. Ngi y sau li mt tn tm, khng kin c, mt s tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, khng kin c. l hng ngi ngoi ln ri chm li. Nh ngi chm trong nc, ngoi ln c ri li chm. Ta ni ngi kia cng li nh vy. l hng ngi th hai ca th d v nc. Th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy. Th no l hng ngi ngoi ln ri tr? l ngi tri tn tm ni thin php, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php. Ngi v sau tn tm vn kin c, chc chn khng mt, tr gii, b th a vn, tr tu u kin c, khng mt. l hng ngi ngoi ln khi nc ri tr. Nh ngi chm trong nc, ngoi ln khi nc ri tr. Ta ni ngi kia cng li nh vy. l hng ngi th ba ca th d v nc. Th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy.

Hn: thng nga . Pli: saki nimuggo nimuggo, mt ln chm l chm lun.

KINH THY D 25

Th no l hng ngi ngoi ln ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh? l ngi lm tri dy tn tm ni thin php, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php. Ngi v sau tn tm kin c vn khng mt, tr gii, b th a vn, tr tu vn kin c khng mt; tr trong thin php; bit nh tht v Kh, bit nh tht v Kh tp, Kh dit v Kh dit o. Ngi kia bit nh vy, thy nh vy, ba kt lin dt sch, l thn kin, gii th v nghi. Ba kt dt sch lin chng Tu--hon, khng a c php, quyt nh thng n [424c] chnh gic, i sau th sanh ti a by ln,4 qua li by ln trong nhn gian, thin thng; ri chng c bin t ca s kh5. l hng ngi ngoi ln ri li tr, tr ri nhn quanh. Ta ni ngi kia cng li nh vy. l hng ngi th t ca th d v nc. Th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy. Th no l ngi ra ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh; nhn quanh ri li qua. l ngi tri c tn tm ni thin php, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php. Ngi v sau tn tm vn chc chn khng mt, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu u kin c khng mt, tr trong thin php. Bit nh tht v Kh, v Kh tp, v Kh dit, v Kh dit o. Bit nh vy, thy nh vy, ba kt lin dt sch. l, thn kin, gii th, nghi; ba kt dt sch. Dm, n, si6 vi mng. Cn phi mt ln vng lai trong nhn gian, thin thng. Sau khi qua li mt ln ri lin dit tn bin t kh. l ngi ngoi ln ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn ri li qua. Nh ngi chm trong nc, ngoi ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn ri i qua; Ta ni ngi kia cng li nh vy. l hng ngi th nm ca v d v nc. Th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy. Th no l ngi ngoi ln ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn quanh ri li qua, qua ri n b bn kia? l ngi lm tri dy c tn tm ni thin php, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php. Ngi v sau tn tm vn chc chn, khng mt. Tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu u vn kin c, khng mt, tr trong thin php. Bit nh th, thy nh th, nm h phn kit dt sch. l tham dc, sn nhu, thn kin, gii th,

Hn: cc th tht hu . Hn: c kh bin t . Pli: dukkhass' anta karoti, chm dt s kh. 6 Tc tham, sn, si. Pl., thnh c: rgadosamohna tanutt.
5

KINH THY D

26

nghi. Nm h phn kit dt sch ri, sanh vo ci y7, ri nhp Nit-bn, chng php bt thi, khng tr li th gian ny na. l ngi ngoi ln ri tr; tr ri nhn quanh; nhn ri li qua; li qua ri n b bn kia. Nh ngi chm trong nc ngoi ln ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn quanh ri i qua, i qua ri n b bn kia; Ta ni ngi kia cng li nh vy. l hng ngi th su ca v d v nc. Th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy. Th no l ngi ngoi ln ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn quanh ri li qua, qua ri n b bn kia; n b bn kia ri c gi l ngi B-lamn ng trn b? l ngi lm tri dy c tn tm ni thin php, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php. Ngi [425a] v sau tn tm vn chc chn khng mt, tr gii, b th, a vn, tr tu, tu tp thin php, bit nh tht v Kh, v Kh tp, v Kh dit, v Kh dit o. Bit nh vy, thy nh vy, tm gii thot khi dc lu, hu lu, v minh lu. Gii thot ri lin bit mnh gii thot v bit mt cch nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, iu cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. l ngi ngoi ln khi nc ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn ri i qua, qua ri n b bn kia, n b bn kia ri c gi l v B-la-mn ng trn b. Nh ngi chm trong nc, ngoi ln ri tr, tr ri nhn quanh, nhn ri i qua, qua ri n b bn kia, n b bn kia ri gi l ngi ng trn b; Ta ni ngi kia cng li nh vy. l hng ngi th by ca th d v nc. Th gian qu thc c hng ngi nh vy. Ta trc c ni s ging v by hng ngi chm trong nc cho cc ngi nghe. V vy, Ta ni xong. Pht thuyt nh vy, cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt hoan h phng hnh. q

Hn: sanh th gian , ch sinh ln cc nm ci tri Tnh c. Pl., thnh c: opaptiko hoti tattha parinibby, ha sanh ln , v nhp Nit-bn ti .

5. KINH MC TCH D Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti Cu-tt-la1, tr gia nhn gian v c i chng T-kheo i theo. By gi Th Tn ang i gia ng, cht thy c ng cy ln2 mt ni kia ang bng chy d di. Th Tn thy vy, lin bc xung bn ng, i n mt cy khc, tri ni-s-n3, kit gi m ngi. Th Tn ngi ri bo cc T-kheo: Cc ngi c thy ng cy ln ng kia ang bng chy khng? Khi cc T-kheo tr li: Bch Th Tn, chng con c thy. Th Tn li bo cc T-kheo: Cc ngi ngh sao, vi ng cy ln pht chy hng hy m hoc m, hoc ngi, hoc nm; hay l, vi ngi con gi ca dng St-l, Bla-mn, C s, hay th thuyn, 4 ang tui cng thnh, tm gi, xng hng thm, mc y phc sch s, dng trng hoa chui ngc, trang sc thn th, hoc m, hoc ngi, hoc nm; vic no vui sng hn? Lc y cc T-kheo tha rng: Bch Th Tn, vi ng cy ln ang pht chy hng hy hoc m, hoc ngi, hoc nm th rt kh. Bch Th Tn, hoc c ngi con gi dng St-l, B-la-mn, C s hay th thuyn, ang tui cng thnh, tm gi, xng hng thm, mc y phc sch s, dng trng hoa chui ngc, trang sc thn th, m ti hoc m, hoc ngi, hoc nm th rt vui sng. Th Tn! [425b] Th Tn bo: Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit, khng cho cc ngi Sa-mn m li mt o Sa-mn. Cc ngi nu mun thnh tu phm hnh v thng

Cu-tt-la . Pli: Kosala. Hn: mc tch ng g. Pli: aggikkhandha, ng la. 3 Hn: ni-s-n (Pli: nisdana): ta c, khn tri ngi. 4 Hn: cng s , giai cp th t (th--la hay ph-xa, Pl.: vessa).
2

KINH MC TCH D

30

th th m ng cy ln ang phng chy hng hy, hoc ngi, hoc nm. Vic y mc d v th m phi chu kh s, hoc cht. Nhng khng phi do m thn hoi mng chung phi thng n c x hay sanh vo a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si phm gii v khng tinh tn, sanh ra c php bt thin; khng phi l phm hnh m gi l phm hnh, khng phi l Samn m gi l Sa-mn, hoc m ngi con gi dng St-l, B-la-mn, C s hoc th thuyn, ang tui cng thnh, tm gi, xng hng thm, mc y phc sch s, dng trng hoa chui ngc trang sc thn th, hoc ngi, hoc nm; ngi ngu si kia v vy m lu di khng thin, khng ngha5, th qu bo c php, khi thn hoi mng chung thng n ci xu, sanh vo a ngc. Do , cc ngi hy qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha, v hy suy ngh nh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng phi v ch, khng phi lung khng, m c qu, c bo, c s an lc cng cc, c sanh vo cc thin x c trng th. Ta tip nhn o chn, n ung, ging nm, thuc thang ca ngi tn th, lm cho cc th ch c phc c, i qu bo, i quang minh. Hy nn hc nh vy. Th Tn li bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc ngi ngh sao, nh c lc s ly si dy thng bng lng bn chc ct sit bp chn6 cho n bt da; bt da ri bt tht; bt tht ri bt gn; bt gn ri bt xng; bt xng cho ti ty mi thi. Hoc nu t nhng ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s hay th thuyn m nhn s tn th, ri s m thn th, chi tit, tay chn. iu no vui sng hn? By gi cc T-kheo bch Pht: Bch Th Tn, nu c lc s ly si dy thng bng lng bn chc ct sit bp chn cho n bt da; bt da ri bt tht; bt tht ri bt gn; bt gn ri bt xng; bt xng cho ti ty mi thi. Rt kh, bch Th Tn. Nu t ngi dng St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn m c cng th, r rm thn th, chi tit, tay chn; th rt vui sng, Th Tn! Th Tn bo rng:
5

Hn: bt thin bt ngha . tc bt hnh v khng t c mc ch g. 6 Hn: bc (b th): nh; c l b nhc bp tay. TNM: thuyn : bp chn. Pli: jagh: bp chn.

KINH MC TCH D 31

Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit, khng cho cc ngi hc Sa-mn li mt o Sa-mn. Cc ngi nu mun thnh tu v thng phm hnh th th cho lc s em si dy thng bng lng, ct sit bp chn cho ti bt da, bt da ri bt tht, bt tht ri bt gn, bt gn ri bt xng, bt xng ti ty mi thi. Vic y mc d nh vy m cc ngi th kh hoc cht, nhng khng do m thn hoi mng chung i n c x hay sanh [425c] vo a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si phm gii, khng tinh tn, sanh ra php c v bt thin, khng phi phm hnh m xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m xng l Sa-mn; t ngi dng St-l, B-la-mn, c s, th thuyn th nhn s tn th, ri r rm thn th, cc chi tit v tay chn. Ngi ngu si v vy mi mi khng thin, khng ngha, th qu bo c php, khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. V th cc ngi hy qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha. Hy suy ngh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng v ch, khng lung khng, m c qu, c bo, c s an lc cng cc, sanh vo cc thin x, c trng th. Ta tip nhn o chn, m thc, ging nm, thuc thang ca ngi tn th, lm cho cc th ch c phc c ln, c qu bo ln, c quang minh ln. Nn hc nh vy. Pht li bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc ngi ngh sao, nu c lc s em con dao mi gia sc bn cht t ngang i; hay l t ni ngi dng St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn, th nhn s tn th, l bi, cung knh, n rc; iu no sung sng hn? By gi cc T-kheo bch rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c lc s em con dao mi gia sc bn cht t ngang i, th rt kh. Th Tn, cn t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, hay th thuyn m th nhn s tn th, l bi, cung knh, n rc th rt vui sng. Th Tn bo rng: Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit, khng cho cc ngi hc Sa-mn m mt o Sa-mn. Cc ngi nu mun thnh tu phm hnh v thng th th cho lc s em dao bn mi gia cht t ngang i. Vic y d do m chu s au kh, hoc cht, nhng khng v vy m khi thn

KINH MC TCH D

32

hoi mng chung i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si phm gii khng tinh tn, sanh ra c php bt thin, chng phi phm hnh xng l phm hnh, chng phi Sa-mn xng l Sa-mn; ri t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, c s hay th thuyn, m th nhn s tn th, l bi, cung knh, tip n. Ngi ngu si kia v th mi mi khng c thin, khng c ngha, th qu bo c php, sau khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Do , cc ngi nn qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha. Nn ngh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng phi v ch, khng lung khng, m c qu, c bo, c s an lc cng cc, sanh n cc thin x, c trng th, tip nhn o chn, thc phm, ging chiu ca ngi tn th, lm cho cc th ch c phc c ln, c qu bo ln, c quang vinh ln, nn hc nh vy. Th Tn li bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc ngi [426a] ngh sao? Hoc c lc s em l ng st t chy hng hc, ri qun quanh thn th; hoc t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn, m nhn s tn th y phc ca ngi; ci no vui sng hn? Cc T-kheo bch rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c lc s em l ng st t chy hng hc ri qun quanh thn th th rt kh. Nu t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, c s, th thuyn m th lnh tn th, y phc ca ngi, th rt vui sng. Th Tn bo rng: Ta s ni cc ngi bit, khng cc ngi hc Sa-mn m mt o Sa-mn. Cc ngi nu mun thnh tu phm hnh v thng th th cho lc s em l ng st t chy hng hc ri qun quanh thn th. D vic v th s chu s kh, nhng khng do vy m khi thn hoi mng chung phi thng n c x, sanh trong a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si, phm gii, khng tinh tn, sanh ra php c bt thin, chng phi phm hnh xng l phm hnh, chng phi Sa-mn xng l Sa-mn; ri t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn th lnh s tn th, y phc ca ngi. Ngi ngu si kia, v th mi khng thin, khng ngha, th qu bo c php. Sau khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Do , cc ngi qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha. Nn ngh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng phi v ch,

KINH MC TCH D 33

khng lung khng, m c qu c bo, c s an lc cng cc, sanh n cc thin x c trng th. Ta nhn lnh y phc, chn mn, m thc, ging chiu, thuc thang ca ngi tn th l lm cho cc th ch c phc c ln, c qu bo ln, c quang minh ln. Nn hc nh vy. Th Tn li bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc ngi ngh sao, hoc c lc s em km st nng, ko cho h ming ra ri ly vin st t chy hng hc qung vo trong ming. Vin st nng t mi; t chy mi ri t chy li; t li ri t li; t li ri t c; t c ri t tim; t tim ri t bao t v rut; t bao t v rut ri ri xung di. Hoc t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn, th nhn s tn th, n, v lng mi v. Vic no vui sng hn? Cc T-kheo bch rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c lc s em km st nng ko cho h ming, ri ly vin st chy hng hc b vo ming. Vin st nng y t mi, t mi ri t li, t li ri t li, t li ri t c, t c ri t tim, t tim ri t bao t v rut, t bao t v rut ri [426b] ri xung di. Vic y rt kh, bch Th Tn, nu t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn lnh th s tn th, n, v lng mi v; vic y rt vui sng. Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit, khng cc ngi hc Sa-mn m mt o Sa-mn. Cc ngi nu mun thnh tu phm hnh v thng th lc s em km st nng ko cho h ming ra ri em vin st t chy hng hc qung vo trong ming, vin st nng y t mi, t mi ri t li, t li ri t li, t li ri t c, t c ri t tim, t tim ri t bao t v rut, t bao t v rut ri ri xung. iu y d do vy m phi chu au kh, hoc cht, nhng khng v th m khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x hay sanh vo a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si phm gii, khng tinh tn, sanh ra c php bt thin, chng c phm hnh xng l phm hnh, chng phi Sa-mn xng l Sa-mn; t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn m nhn lnh s tn th, n, v lng mi v. Ngi ngu si v th m mi mi khng thin, khng ngha, chu qu bo c php, sau khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c

KINH MC TCH D

34

x, sanh vo a ngc. V th cc ngi nn qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha. Nn ngh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng phi v ch, khng lung khng, m c qu c bo, c s an lc cng cc, sanh n cc thin x c trng th. Ta nhn lnh s tn th, y phc, chn mn, m thc, ging chiu, thuc thang ca ngi l lm cho cc th ch c phc c ln, c qu bo ln, c quang minh ln. Nn hc nh vy. Th Tn li bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc ngi ngh sao, nu c lc s em ging st hay ng t chy hng hc, ri cng bc ngi kia phi nm ngi trn ; hoc l t cc ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn m th lnh s tn th, ging chng hay nga c ca ngi; vic no vui sng hn? Cc T-kheo bch Pht rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c lc s em ging st hay ng t chy hng hc ri cng bc ngi kia phi nm ngi trn th rt kh. Bch Th Tn, nu theo cc ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn m th lnh s tn th, ging chng, nga c ca ngi; th rt vui sng. Th Tn bo rng: Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit, khng cc ngi hc Sa-mn m mt o Sa-mn. Nu cc ngi mun thnh tu phm hnh v thng, th th cho lc s em ging ng hay st t chy hng hc ri cng bc phi nm ngi trn , vic v th m chu s kh s hoc cht. Nhng khng v th m khi thn hoi mng chung thng n [426c] c x hay sanh vo a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si phm gii, khng tinh tn, sanh ra c php bt thin, chng phi phm hnh xng l phm hnh, chng phi Sa-mn xng lm Sa-mn, ri t nhng ngi St-l, B-lamn, C s, th thuyn th lnh s tn th, nga c, ging chng ca ngi; ngi ngu si v th mi mi khng thin, khng ngha, th qu bo c, sau khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. V th cc ngi nn qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha. Nn ngh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng phi v ch, khng phi lung khng, m c qu bo, c s an lc v cng, sanh n cc thin x c trng th. Ta nhn lnh s tn th, o mn, n ung, ging nm, thuc thang ca ngi l lm cho cc th ch c

KINH MC TCH D 35

phc c ln, c qu bo ln, c quang minh ln. Nn hc nh vy. Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc ngi ngh sao, nu c lc s em ci ni ln bng st hay ng t chy hng hc, ri tm ly ngi kia nm ngc vo trong ; hoc l t cc ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn th lnh s tn th, nh ca c t trt t bn, ca s v ca ln kn v cht; c l si m p. ng no vui sng hn? Cc T-kheo bch Pht rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c lc s em ci ni ln bng st hay ng t chy hng hc, ri tm ly ngi kia nm ngc vo trong ; th th rt kh. Bch Th Tn, nu t cc ngi St-l, B-la-mn, C s, th thuyn m th lnh s tn th, nh ca c t trt t bn, ca s v ca ln kn v cht; c l si m p; th th rt vui sng. Th Tn bo rng: Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit, khng cho cc ngi hc Sa-mn m mt o Sa-mn. Cc ngi nu mun thnh tu phm hnh v thng th th cho lc s em ni ln bng ng hay st t chy hng hc ri tm gi ngc ln qung vo trong ni, mc d v nh th m chu au kh hoc cht, nhng khng v vy m khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x hay sanh vo a ngc. Nu ngi ngu si phm gii, khng tinh tn, sanh ra c php bt thin, chng c phm hnh xng l phm hnh, chng phi Sa-mn xng l Sa-mn, ri t ngi St-l, B-la-mn, c s th thuyn nhn lnh s tn th, nh ca c t trt t bn, ca s v ca ln kn v cht; c l si m p ca ngi. Ngi ngu si v th m mi mi khng thin, khng ngha, th qu bo c, sau khi thn hoi mng chung, thng n c x, hay sanh vo a ngc. V th cc ngi nn qun st ngha ny, qun st ngha kia, qun st c hai ngha. Nn ngh th ny: Ta xut gia hc o khng phi v ch, khng phi lung khng m c qu c bo, c s an lc cng cc, sinh n thin x, [427a] c trng th. Ta nhn lnh s tn th, o mn, m thc, ging nm, thuc thang ca ngi, l lm cho cc th ch c phc c ln, c qu bo ln, c quang minh ln. Nn hc nh th. Khi dy bi php ny, su mi v T-kheo dt sch cc lu, gii thot kit s. Su mi T-kheo x gii hon tc. Sao vy? V s gio hun

KINH MC TCH D

36

ca Th Tn rt su, rt kh, s hc o li rt su rt kh. Pht dy nh th. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.7

Bn Hn, ht quyn 1.

6. KINH THIN NHN VNG Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: Ta s ni cho cc ngi bit v by ni m bc thin nhn i n v V d Nit-bn1. Cc ngi hy lng nghe v hy suy ngh k! By gi cc T-kheo vng li lng nghe. Pht dy: Nhng g l by? T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. 2 Ci c th c on tr3. Sau khi on tr, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc4. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng5, nhng vn cha

V d Nit-bn ; Pl. anupda-parinibbna, Nit-bn khng chp th, c hiu l Nit-bn khng s y (appaccaya-nibna).
2

Hn: ng gi v ng, dic v ng s (). Pli (A. iv. 70):

no cassa no ca me siy, na bhavissati na me bhavissatin khng hin hu, v n c th khng phi l ca ta; n s khng tn ti v n s khng phi l ca ta. S gii (AA, iv. 38): no cassa, n khng tn ti, ngha l, nu nghip tc thnh ng th trong qu kh (atte attabhvanibbattaka kamma) khng tn ti; v no ca me siy, th y, ng th ny c th khng tn ti.
3

Hn: d hu tin on . Pli: yadatthi ya bhta ta pahajmi, Vi ci g ang tn ti, hin hu, ta on tr ci . S gii, ibid.: ci ang tn ti, hin hu (yad atthi ya bhta), tc l nm un hin ti (paccupannakkhandhapacaka). 4 Hn: hu lc bt nhim, hip hi bt trc . Pli: so bhave na rajjati, sambahave na rajjati, v y khng m trc hu (khng hoan lc trong ci ang hin hu), khng m trc sinh (khng hoan lc trong ci ang xut sinh). 5 Hn: v thng tc tch . Pli: atthuttari pada santa sammapaya passati, bng chnh tr, v y thy con ng tch tnh dn n mc ch ti thng.

KINH THIN NHN VNG

38

c chng ng6. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh t tru, va nhen tt. Nn bit, T-kheo kia cng th, cht t mn cha tr ht7, nhng nm h phn kt8 on ht, chng Trung Bt-nit-bn9. l ni i n ca bc thin nhn th nht, th gian qu thc c ngi nh vy. Li na, T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, nhng vn cha c chng ng. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh em st t chy hng hc ri ly ba p, m la vng ra, va tung ln khng lin tt. Nn bit, [427b]T-kheo kia cng li nh vy; cn cht mn cha tr ht, nhng nm h phn kt on ht, chng Trung Btnit-bn. l ch i n ca bc thin nhn th hai, th gian qu thc c ngi nh vy. Li na, T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, nhng vn cha c chng ng. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh em st t chy hng hc ri ly ba p, la m tung ln khng, ri t khng ri tr li; ri cha n t lin tt. Nn bit, T-kheo kia cng ging nh th, cn cht mn cha on ht, nhng nm h phn kt on ht, chng Trung Bt-nit-bn. l ch i n ca bc thin nhn th ba, th gian qu thc
6

Pli: ta ca khvassa pada na sabbena sabba sacchikata hoti, Nhng khng hon ton thc chng o l y. 7 Hn: thiu mn v tn . Pli: na sabbena sabba mnnusayo pahno
hoti, na sabbena sabba bhavargnusayo pahno hoti, na sabbena sabba avijjnusayo pahno hoti, cha hon ton on tr mn ty min; cha hon ton

on tr hu i ty min; cha hon ton on tr v minh ty min. 8 Hn: ng h phn kit . Pli: paca orambhgiya sayojana, 5 kt dn n ti sah Dc gii. 9 Trung Bt-nit-bn . Pli: antarparinibby.

KINH THIN NHN VNG 39

c ngi nh vy.10 Li na, T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, nhng vn cha c chng ng. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh em st t chy hng hc ri ly ba p, la m tung ln khng, ri ri xung, ti t th tt. Nn bit, T-kheo kia cng ging nh th, cn cht mn cha on ht, nhng nm h phn kt on ht, chng Sanh Bt-nitbn11. l ch i n ca bc thin nhn th t, th gian qu thc c ngi nh vy. Li na, T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, nhng vn cha c chng ng. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh em st t chy hng hc ri ly ba p, la m tung ln khng, ri ri xung trn nhm c, lin bc khi hoc pht chy; chy ht mi tt. Nn bit, T-kheo kia cng ging nh th, cn cht mn cha on ht, nhng nm h phn kt on ht, chng Hnh Bt-nit-bn12. l ch i n ca bc thin nhn th nm, th gian qu thc c ngi nh vy. Li na, T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m
Ba v d trn tng ng vi ba cp Trung Bt-nit-bn: tc, phi tc v kinh cu (nhanh, khng nhanh v lu); xem Cu-x 24 (tr.125a). 11 Sanh Bt-nit-bn . Pli: upahaccaparinibby, tn hi bt-nit-bn, nhp Nit-bn do rt ngn tui th sau khi sanh Sc gii. T Pli upahacca c ngha l lm tn hi. Bn Hn, theo t gc Skt. l upapadya (Pli: upapajja) c ngha l sanh. 12 Hnh Bt-nit-bn, hay Hu hnh Bt-nit-bn . Pli: sasakhraparinibby..
10

KINH THIN NHN VNG

40

khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, [427c] nhng vn cha c chng ng. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh em st t chy hng hc ri ly ba p, la m tung ln khng, ri ri xung trn nhiu m c, lin bc khi hoc pht chy, chy ht mi tt. Nn bit, T-kheo kia cng ging nh th, cn cht mn cha on ht, nhng nm h phn kit on ht, chng V hnh Bt-nit-bn13. l ch i n ca bc thin nhn th su, th gian qu thc c ngi nh vy. Li na, T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, nhng vn cha c chng ng. T-kheo thc hnh nh th s i n u? V nh em st t chy hng hc ri ly ba p, la m tung ln khng, ri ri xung trn nhiu m c, lin bc khi hoc pht chy, chy lun c thn p, thnh quch, rng ni, ng ni, hoc n ng i, hoc m nc, cho n t bng th tt. Nn bit, T-kheo kia cng ging nh th, cn cht mn cha on ht, nhng nm h phn kt on ht, chng Thng lu A-ca-n-tr Nit-bn14. l ch i n ca bc thin nhn th by, th gian qu thc c ngi nh vy. V d Nit-bn l g? T-kheo nn thc hnh nh vy: Ta khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Trong tng lai khng c ta, cng khng c ci ca ta. Ci c th c on tr. Sau khi on, v y t c x. C lc m khng nhim, hip hi m khng m trc. Thc hnh nh th, vi y s do tu m thy c o l tch tnh v thng, v c chng ng. Ta ni rng T-kheo kia khng i n pha ng, khng i n pha Ty, Nam, Bc, bn duy hay thng, h, m ngay trong i hin ti ny chng c o l tch tnh, dit tn15.
13

V hnh Bt-nit-bn . Pli: asakhraparinibby. Pli k V hnh trc Hu hnh. 14 Thng lu A-ca-n-tr Nit-bn hay thng lu sc cu cnh Nit-bn . Pli: uddhasoto akanihagmin. 15 Hn: tc tch dit .

KINH THIN NHN VNG 41

Ta ni v ni i n ca by bc thin nhn v V d Nit-bn xong. Nhn m ni. Pht thuyt nh th. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

7. KINH TH GIAN PHC Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr Cu-x-di1, ti vn C-sa-la2. By gi vo lc x chiu, Tn gi Ma-ha Chu-na3, ri khi ni tnh ta4 ng dy, i n ch Pht; n ri nh l, lui ngi mt bn, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Th Tn c th thi thit5 th gian phc c chng? Th Tn ni: C th, ny Chu-na! [428a] C by loi phc th gian, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Nhng g l by? Ny Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t6 c tn tm cng th phng x, nh gc cho i chng T-kheo. l loi phc th gian th nht, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Li na, Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, trong cc phng x, cng th ging nm, ngi, m lng, thm dt, chn len, nga c trong cc phng x. Chu-na, l loi th gian phc th hai, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Li na, Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, trong cc phng x, cng th y phc mi m, sch s, p . Chu-na, l loi th gian phc th ba, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln.
1

Cu-x-di (Kiu-thng-di) Pli: Kosamb. C-sa-la vin khu vn do Trng gi C-sa-la cng dng Pht. Pli: Ghositrma. 3 Ma-ha Chu-na tn T-kheo. Pli: Mahcunda. 4 Hn: yn ta ngi ngh ngi mt mnh ni thanh vng v tp thin; thin ta c c. Pli: paisallna. 5 Thi thit , t tng ng P. paatti, mt t; hoc papeti, tuyn b. 6 Hn: tc tnh nam, tc tnh n thin gia nam t/ n nhn, hoc thin nam t, thin n nhn, nhng ngi sinh vo mt trong bn giai cp. Pl. kulaputta, kuladuhit.
2

KINH TH GIAN PHC 44

Li na, Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, trong cc phng x, thng xuyn cng th Chng Tng cho bui sng, thc n bui tra, li cung cp ngi lm vn7 sai bo; hoc gi, ma, tuyt, lnh, t mnh thn n khu vn m cng th chu cp thm. Cc T-kheo sau khi n, khng lo gi, ma, tuyt lnh khin y phc b t t, m ngy m yn vui, t duy thin ta vng lng8. Chu-na, l loi th gian phc th by, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, nu to c by loi phc th gian ny ri, hoc i, hoc n, hoc ng, hoc ngi, hoc ng, hoc thc, hoc ngy, hoc m, phc c y thng xuyn pht sinh, cng lc cng thm, cng lc cng rng. Chu-na, v nh nc sng Hng-gi9 t ngun chy ra, tun vo i hi, vo khong gia cng lc cng su, cng lc cng rng. Cng vy, Chu-na, thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm y, to c by loi phc th gian ny ri th hoc i, hoc n, hoc ngi, hoc ng, hoc thc, hoc ngy, hoc m, phc c y cng sinh, cng lc cng thm, cng lc cng rng. By gi, Tn gi Ma-ha Chu-na t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai o bn hu, gi phi st t, qu di, chp tay, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Th Tn c th thi thit phc xut th gian c chng? Th Tn bo rng: C th c, Chu-na. Li c by loi phc xut th gian, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Nhng g l by? Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, nghe Nh Lai hoc t Nh Lai ang tr ni no . [428b] Sau khi nghe, lin hoan h, trong lng rt phn khi. Chu-na, l loi phc xut th gian th nht, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Li na, Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm,
Hn: vin dn . on ny k chung c bn th: hai ba n, ngi lm vn, v chu cp khi ma gi. 9 Hng-gi , Hng. Pli: Gag.
8 7

KINH TH GIAN PHC

45

nghe Nh Lai hoc t Nh Lai s t ni kia n y. Sau khi nghe, lin sinh hoan h, trong lng rt phn khi. Chu-na, l loi phc xut th gian th hai, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Li na, Chu-na, c thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, nghe Nh Lai hoc t Nh Lai s t ni kia n y. Sau khi nghe, lin hoan h, trong lng rt phn khi. Vi tm thanh tnh, t thn ti thm ving, l knh, cng dng. Sau khi cng dng, th php ba t quy, i vi Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo m th gii cm10. Chu-na, l loi phc xut th gian th by, c phc hu ln, c qu bo ln, c danh d ln, c cng c ln. Chu-na, thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, nu to c by loi phc th gian ny v li c by loi phc xut th gian, th phc ca ngi kia khng th tnh c c ngn no phc, c ngn no kt qu ca phc, c ngn no phc bo. Ch c th ni l khng th hn, khng th lng, v khng th bit c con s i phc. Chu-na, v nh t chu Dim-ph c nm con sng: Mt l Hng-gi, hai l Dao-vu-na, ba l X-lao-ph, bn l A-di-la-b- v nm l Ma-x11, u chy v i hi. khong gia ca chng, khng th tnh c s nc ca bao nhiu thng, hc. Ch c th ni l s nc nhiu khng th hn, khng th lng, v khng th bit c. Cng vy, Chu-na, thin gia nam t hay thin gia n t c tn tm, nu to c by loi phc th gian ny v li c by loi phc xut th gian, th phc ca ngi kia khng th tnh c c ngn no phc, c ngn no kt qu ca phc, c ngn no phc bo. Ch c th ni l khng th hn, khng th lng, v khng th bit c con s i phc. By gi Th Tn ni bi tng rng: Con sng Hng-gi
on ny k chung c nm th: thm ving, l bi, cng dng, th tam quy, th ng gii. 11 Ng h lu : Hng-gi (Pli: Gag), Dao-vu-na (Pli: Yamun), X-lao-phu , (Pli: Sarabh), A-di-la-b- (Pli: Aciravat), Ma-x (Pli: Mah).
10

KINH TH GIAN PHC 46

Trong sch, d qua. Bin nhiu bu qu, L vua cc sng. Cng nh nc sng, Ngi i knh phng; Mi ni chy v, Tun v bin c. Cng vy, ngi no Cng y, thc phm, [428c] Ging chng, m chn, V nhng ta c; Phc bo khng lng, a n ci lnh, Cng nh nc sng Tun v bin rng. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi Ma-ha Chu-na v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

8. KINH THT NHT Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti ti nc T-x-li1, trong rng cy Ni th2. By gi Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng i thay, php khng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m m phi gh s nhm tm, nn tm s x ly, nn tm gii thot. V sao th? C lc khng ma3. Ngay khi khng ma y tt c cy ci, trm th la, thy u kh ho, nt, cht c, khng th thng tr. V th tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng i thay, php khng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m m phi nhm tm, gh s, nn tm s x ly, nn tm gii thot. Li na, c lc hai mt tri cng xut hin. Khi hai mt tri xut hin, cc rnh ngi, sng lch, thy u kh cn, khng th thng tr. V th tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng thay i, php khng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m m phi nhm tm, gh s, nn tm s x ly, nn tm gii thot. Li na, lc c ba mt tri cng xut hin. Khi ba mt tri xut hin, tt c dng sng ln4 u kh cn, khng th thng tr. Do , tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng i thay, php khng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m, m phi nhm tm gh s, nn tm s x ly, nn tm s gii thot. Li na, c lc bn mt tri cng xut hin. Khi bn mt tri xut hin, cc dng sui ln, t pht nguyn nm con sng ln ca chu Dimph: Mt l Hng-gi; hai l Dao-vu-na; ba l X-lao-phu; bn l A-di-lab- v nm l Ma-x5, cc dng cui ngun nc ln y u kh cn c,
1

T-x-li ; Pli: Vesali. Th ph ca b tc Licchava. Ni th th vin , vn cy ca h Ni, tc vn Xoi. Pli: Ambaplivna, do k n Ambapli cng dng Pht. 3 y ch i hn vo lc kip hoi. 4 Bn Pli lit k bn sng ln: Gag, Yamun, Aciravat, Sarabh. 5 Nm sng ln, xem cht. 11, kinh s 8 trn.
2

KINH THAT NHAT 48

khng th thng tr. Do cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tmn ti lu di, php chng i thay, php khng th nng ta, cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m, m phi nhm tm, gh s, nn [429a] tm s x ly, nn tm gii thot. Li na, c lc nm mt tri cng xut hin. Khi nm mt tri cng xut hin, nc trong bin ln st xung mt trm do-tun; st dn n by trm do-tun. Khi nm mt tri xut hin nh vy, bin c mc nc by trm do-tun st dn n mt trm do-tun. Khi nm mt tri cng xut hin, nc trong bin ln st mt cy a-la; st dn n by cy a-la6. Khi nm mt tri cng xut hin, nhng bin c mc nc by cy a-la st dn cho n mt cy a-la. Khi nm mt tri cng xut hin, nc bin gim st n mi ngi7; st dn cho n by ngi. Khi nm mt tri cng xut hin, nhng bin c mc nc by ngi gim dn n vai, n lng, n hng, n u gi, n mt c; cho n lc nc bin ro ht khng chm mt ngn chn. Cho nn, tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng thay i, php chng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m, m phi nhm tm, gh s, tm s x ly, tm s gii thot. Li na, c lc su mt tri xut hin. Khi su mt tri cng xut hin, tt c i a, ni cha Tu-di, thy u bc khi, to thnh mt m khi. V nh th gm lc mi nhen bp, tt c u bc khi, to thnh mt m khi. Cho nn, tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng thay i, php khng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m m phi nhm tm, gh s, nn tm s x ly, tm s gii thot. Li na, c lc by mt tri xut hin. Khi by mt tri xut hin, tt c i a, ni cha Tu-di thy u pht chy bng bng, to thnh mt ngn la rc r. Nh vy, khi by mt tri cng xut hin, th tt c i a v ni cha Tu-di thy u pht chy bng bng to thnh mt ngn la. Gi thi ngn la y vn cho n tri Phm thin. Lc , cc v tri Hong Dc8 va mi sanh ln ci ny, khng r thnh bi ca th
a-la th . Pl.: tla. Cng loi cy tht nt hay cy c, dng lm n v o chiu cao. 7 Trong bn: nht nhn , chp nhm. TNM: thp nhn . 8 Hong dc . Cc ni khc: Quang m thin , Cc quang thin
6

KINH THAT NHAT

49

gian. V khng bit s thnh bi ca th gian, khi thy ngn la v i, thy u s hi dng lng m suy ngh nh th ny: La khng n y c chng? La khng n y c chng? Cc v tri sinh trc u bit r s thnh bi ca th gian, u thy vic thnh bi ca th gian. Do bit s thnh bi ca th gian, khi thy ngn la v i, lin an i cc v tri kia rng: Ch nn s hi. La chy ch ngang , khng th ln n y c. Khi by mt tri cng xut hin, ni cha Tu-di sp l, tn hoi, dit tn, mt trm do-tun, hai trm do-tun, ba trm do-tun, [249b] cho n by trm do-tun. Khi by mt tri cng xut hin, ni cha Tu-di v i a ny chy tan, hy dit, khng cn tro than g c. Cng nh t du b, chy cho tiu ht khng cn khi en9. Cng vy, khi by mt tri cng xut hin, ni cha Tu-di v ci i a ny chy khng cn tro than. Cho nn, tt c cc hnh u v thng, l php khng tn ti lu di, php chng thay i, php khng th nng ta. Cc hnh nh vy khng nn tham m m phi nhm tm, gh s, tm s x ly, tm cu gii thot. Nay Ta ni cho cc ngi bit, ai c th tin c rng: Ni cha Tu-di s sp ? Ch c nhng ngi thy c s tht. Nay Ta ni cho cc ngi bit, ai c th tin c rng: Nc trong i hi s kh cn tt c? Ch c nhng ngi thy s tht. Nay Ta ni cho cc ngi bit, ai c th tin rng: Tt c i a u chy sch? Ch c nhng ngi thy s tht. V sao vy? Ny cc T-kheo, xa c v i s tn l Thin Nhn10 c cc Tin nhn ngoi o tn lm bc thy11, x ly dc i12, chng nh tc. i s Thin Nhn c v lng trm ngn t. i s Thin Nhn dy Phm th php cho cc t13. Khi i s Thin Nhn dy Phm th php cho cc t, trong s cc t c ngi phng hnh khng
. Pli: bhassar. Yn mc . TNM: yn dim . No.30: t n bng du t (b), chy n ht; n tt, du cng cn sch. 10 Thin Nhn . Pli: Sunetta. 11 Pli: satth... titthakaro, v o s thuc ngoi o. 12 Pli: kmesu vtargo. 13 Phm th php . Pli: brahmalokasahavyatya dhammai, php dn n s cng tr ni Phm thin gii.

KINH THAT NHAT 50

y php y. Ngi y sau khi mng chung hoc sanh ln ci tri T Vng hoc tri Tam Thp Tam, hoc tri Dim-ma, hoc tri usut- hoc sanh ln tri Tha Ha, hoc sanh ln tri Tha Ha Lc. Khi i s Thin Nhn dy Phm th php, nu c ngi phng hnh y php y, ngi y tu bn Phm tr14, x ly cc dc, sau khi mng chung ngi y sanh ln tri Phm thin. Lc y i s Thin Nhn ngh nh vy: Ta khng nn cng vi cc t cng sanh chung mt ni no vo i sau. Nay ta hy tu thm tng thng t15, sau khi tu tng thng t ri, mng chung s c sanh ln tri Hong Dc . i s Thin Nhn lin sau tu thm tng thng t. Sau khi tu tng thng t, mng chung sanh ln tri Hong Dc. i s Thin Nhn v cc t hc o khng ung cng, t c qu bo ln. Ny cc T-kheo, cc ngi ngh sao? Xa kia i s Thin Nhn c hng Tin nhn ngoi o tn knh l bc thy, x ly dc i, chng nh tc, cc ngi cho l ngi no khc chng? Ch ngh nh vy. Nn bit, l Ta vy. Vo thi , Ta l Thin Nhn i s, c [249c] Tin nhn ngoi o tn knh l bc thy, x ly dc i, chng nh tc. Lc Ta c v lng trm ngn t. Ta dy Phm th php cho cc t. Khi Ta dy Phm th php, trong s cc t c ngi phng hnh khng y php y. Ngi y sau khi mng chung hoc sanh ln ci tri T Vng hoc tri Tam Thp Tam, hoc tri Dim-ma, hoc tri u-sut-, hoc sanh ln tri Tha Ha. Khi Ta dy Phm th php, nu c ngi phng hnh y php y, ngi y tu bn Phm tr, x ly cc dc, sau khi mng chung ngi y sanh ln tri Phm thin. Lc Ta ngh nh vy: Ta khng nn cng vi cc t cng sanh chung mt ni no vo i sau. Nay ta hy tu thm tng thng t. Sau khi tu tng thng t, mng chung s c sanh ln tri Hong Dc. Sau , Ta li tu thm tng thng t. Sau khi tu tng thng t, mng chung c sanh ln tri Hong Dc. Thi y Ta v cc t hc o khng h ung, c qu bo ln.

Hn: Phm tht , tc l Phm tr , gm bn v lng tm: t, bi, h v x. Pli: Brahmavihra. Bn Hn hiu vihra l ngi nh, hay tinh x, thay v l s an tr. 15 Hn: tng thng t . Pli: uttari mett, t cao hn.

14

KINH THAT NHAT

51

Thi y Ta thn hnh o ny li ch cho mnh v li ch k khc, lm li ch cho mi ngi, cm thng th gian, mong cu ngha li li v thin ch, mong cu s an n khoi lc cho tri v ngi. 16 Lc by gi Ta ni php cha n ch rt ro; khng rt ro bch tnh, khng rt ro phm hnh. V khng rt ro phm hnh nn by gi Ta khng xa la c sanh, lo, bnh, t, than khc, bun ru; cng cha th thot c tt c kh no. Ny cc T-kheo, Ta nay xut hin i, l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, 17 Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu 18, Thin Nhn S, gi l Pht Th Tn19. Ta nay lm li ch cho chnh mnh, cng lm li ch cho k khc, lm li cho mi ngi, cm thng th gian, mong cu ngha li li v thin ch, mong cu s an n khoi lc cho tri v ngi. Nay Ta thuyt php t c ch rt ro, rt ro bch tnh, rt ro phm hnh. Do rt ro phm hnh, Ta nay la khi sanh, lo, bnh, t, khc than, bun ru. Nay Ta c gii thot mi kh no. c Pht thuyt ging nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

Hn: mn thng th gian v thin v nhn cu ngha li cp nhiu ch, cu an n khoi lc . Pli. thnh c: loknukampya atthya hitya sukhya devanamanussna, v mc ch thng tng th gian, v mc ch li ch v an lc cho ch thin v loi ngi. Bn hn hiu attha l () ngha, thay v l s li ch, hay mc ch. 17 Nguyn Hn: Minh Hnh thnh vi . Pl.: vijjcaraasampanno, v thnh tu c Minh (tr) v Hnh (gii). 18 NguynHn: o Php Ng , thng ni l iu Ng Trng Phu" . Pli: purisadammasrathi. y, bn Hn c l dhamma (php: o php), thay v dama (iu phc, hun luyn) nh thng bit. Hn dch cng ri mt t purisa: con ngi. Pht l v hun luyn con ngi, v nh xe a ngi qua sa nc sanh t nn gi l iu ng trng phu. Bn Hn thiu, cn b tc cho ngha thng hiu. 19 Nguyn Hn: Chng Hu , ng ph h mi loi. Thng bit vi hiu l Th Tn. Pli: Bhagavant.

16

KINH THAT NHAT 52

9. KINH THT XA Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti thnh Vng X, trong tinh x Trc Lm, cng an c ma ma [430a] vi i chng T-kheo. Tn gi Mn T T1 cng an c ma ma ti sinh qun mnh. Lc by gi cc T-kheo a phng, sau khi tri qua ba thng an c ma ma, khu v li cc y xong, xp y, cm bt, t sinh qun i v pha thnh Vng X. Ln lt i v pha trc, n thnh Vng X, tr tinh x Trc Lm, ti thnh Vng X. By gi cc T-kheo a phng ti trc Th Tn, ci u l bi ri ngi sang mt bn. Th Tn hi rng: Cc T-kheo, cc ngi t u n y? An c ma ma u? Cc T-kheo a phng y tha rng: Bch Th Tn, chng con t sinh qun ti y v an c ma ma ti sinh qun. Th Tn hi: Trong cc T-kheo a phng, T-kheo no c cc T-kheo khen ngi rng: T mnh thiu dc, tri tc v khen ngi thiu dc, tri tc; t mnh c c2 v khen ngi c c; t mnh tinh tn v khen ngi tinh tn; t mnh chnh nim v khen ngi chnh nim; t mnh nht tm v khen ngi nht tm; t mnh c tr tu v khen ngi tr tu; t mnh lu tn v khen ngi lu tn; t mnh khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h3 v khen ngi khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h chng? Cc T-kheo a phng bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Tn gi Mn T T ni sinh qun ca mnh, c cc T-kheo khen ngi rng: T mnh thiu dc, tri tc v khen ngi thiu dc tri tc; t mnh c c v khen ngi c c; t mnh tinh tn v khen
1 2

Mn T T (Ph-lu-na Di-a-la-ni T). Pli: Pua Mantiputta. Hn: nhn c . Pli: paviveka, (sng) c c, nhn c, n dt. 3 Hn: t khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h . Pli: ovdako vipako sandassako samdapako samuttejako sampahasako: v gio gii, v gio th, v khai th, v khch k (sch tn), v lm cho cc ng phm hnh hoan h.

KINH THAT XA 54

ngi tinh tn; t mnh chnh nim v khen ngi chnh nim; t mnh nht tm v khen ngi nht tm; t mnh c tr tu v khen ngi tr tu; t mnh lu tn v khen ngi lu tn; t mnh khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h v khen ngi khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Lc by gi Tn gi X-li-pht4 ang ngi gia i chng. Tn gi Xli-pht suy ngh nh vy: Th Tn theo s tht m hi cc T-kheo a phng kia. Cc T-kheo a phng v cng khen ngi Hin gi Mn T T, l ngi T mnh thiu dc, tri tc v khen ngi thiu dc, tri tc; t mnh c c v khen ngi c c; t mnh tinh tn v khen ngi tinh tn; t mnh chnh nim v khen ngi chnh nim; t mnh nht tm v khen ngi nht tm; t mnh c tr tu v khen ngi tr tu; t mnh lu tn v khen ngi lu tn; t mnh khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h v khen ngi khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Tn gi X-li-pht li suy ngh: Bit lc no ti mi gp Hin gi Mn T T hi mt vi ngha l? Hin gi y hoc c th nghe v tr li nhng iu ti hi. By gi Th Tn, [430b] sau khi tri qua ba thng an c ma ma thnh Vng X, khu v y xong, bn xp y, m bt, t thnh Vng X i n nc X-v, ln lt tin v pha trc, n nc X-v, tr trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. Tn gi X-li-pht v cc T-kheo a phng cng li Vng X vi ngy, ri xp y, m bt, i n nc X-v, ln lt tin v pha trc, n nc X-v, cng ti rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. Lc by gi Tn gi Mn T T ti sinh qun mnh, sau khi tri qua ba thng an c ma ma, khu v li cc y, ri xp y, m bt, t qu qun mnh i n nc X-v, ln lt tin v pha trc, n nc Xv, cng trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. Tn gi Mn T T n ch Th Tn, ci u lm l, ri tri ni-s-n pha trc Nh Lai m ngi kit gi. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht hi cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, v no l Hin gi Mn T T?
4

Nguyn bn: X-li-pht . Pli: Sriputta.

KINH THAT XA

55

Cc T-kheo bch Tn gi X-li-pht: Xin tha, v ngi trc Nh Lai, trng tro, mi cao nh m chim oanh v, l v y. Tn gi X-li-pht bit ng mt Mn T T, lin ghi nh k. Tn gi Mn T T sau khi qua m, tri hng sng, xp y, cm bt, i vo X-v kht thc. Sau khi n tra xong li, thu dn y bt, ra tay chn, vt nis-n ln vai, n rng An-5, ch i kinh hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht cng sau khi qua m, tri hng sng, xp y, cm bt, i vo X-v kht thc. Sau khi n tra xong li, thu dn y bt, ra tay chn, vt ni-sn ln vai, n rng An-, ch i kinh hnh. By gi Tn gi Mn T T n rng An-, tri Ni-s-n di mt gc cy, ngi kit gi. Tn gi X-li-pht cng n rng An-, cch Tn gi Mn T T khng xa, tri Ni-s-n di mt gc cy ngi kit gi. Tn gi X-li-pht vo lc x chiu, ri ch thin ta, i n ch Mn T T, cng cho hi nhau ri ngi sang mt bn, v hi Tn gi Mn T T rng: Ny Hin gi, phi chng Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m tu phm hnh? p rng: ng vy Ny Hin gi, v l do g, c phi v gii thanh tnh6 nn ngi theo Samn C-m tu phm hnh chng? p rng: Tha, khng phi vy. V tm thanh tnh7, v kin thanh tnh8, v nghi thanh tnh9, v [430c] o
5 6

An- lm . Pli: Andhavana. Hn: gii tnh c . Pli: slavisuddhattham: mc ch l s thanh tnh ca gii c. 7 Hn: tm tnh . Pli: cittavisuddha. 8 Hn: kin tnh . Pli: dihivisuddha. 9 Hn: nghi ci tnh . Pli: kakhvitaraavisuddha, nghi tnh, tr nghi tnh: thanh tnh do vt qua s hoi nghi. Bn Hn c l

KINH THAT XA 56

phi o tri kin thanh tnh10, v o tch tri kin11 thanh tnh, v o tch on tr thanh tnh12 nn Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m tu phm hnh chng? p: Khng phi vy Li hi: Ti va hi Hin gi rng: Phi chng Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m tu phm hnh? Hin gi p: ng vy. Ri ti hi Hin gi: C phi v gii thanh tnh nn Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m tu phm hnh chng? th Hin gi p: Khng phi vy; C phi v tm thanh tnh, v kin thanh tnh, v nghi thanh tnh, v phi o tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch on tr thanh tnh nn Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m tu phm hnh chng? th Hin gi cng li p rng Khng phi vy. Nhng theo ngha no13 m Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m tu phm hnh? p: Ny Hin gi, v V d Nit-bn vy14. Li hi: Th no, ny Hin gi, c phi v gii thanh tnh nn Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn chng? 15 p: Khng phi vy. Li hi:

kakhvaraavisuddha, thanh tnh i vi s bao trm ca hoi nghi. 10 Hn: o phi o tri kin tnh . Pli: maggmaggaadassanavisuha, thanh tnh do thy v bit v o v phi o. 11 Hn: o tch tri kin tnh . Pli: paipadadassanavisuddha,

thanh tnh do tri kin v phng php hnh tr (o tch). 12 Hn: o tch on tr tnh , s thanh tnh do nhn thc ton din v ng li hnh tr. Pli: adassanavisuddha, thanh tnh do tri kin. 13 Hn: d h ngha . Pli: kim attham, c mc ich g? 14 Hn: V d Nit-bn . Pli: anupdparinibbna, Nit-bn khng cn chp th. 15 Hn: d c , v mc ch. Nhng, theo bn Pli (M. i. 148): ki nu kho slavisuddhi anupdparinibbna, phi chng (Th Tn ni) s gii tnh l v th trc Nit-bn? Xem thm cht, tip theo.

KINH THAT XA

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V v tm thanh tnh, v kin thanh tnh, v nghi thanh tnh, v o phi o tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch on tr thanh tnh nn Hin gi theo Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn chng? p: Khng phi vy. Li hi: Ti va hi Hin gi, Th no, ny Hin gi, c phi v gii thanh tnh nn Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn chng? Hin gi p: Khng phi vy. V tm thanh tnh, v kin thanh tnh, v nghi thanh tnh, v o phi o tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch on tr thanh tnh nn Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn chng? Vy nhng iu Hin gi ni c ngha g? Lm th no bit c? p rng: Ny Hin gi: Nu v gii thanh tnh m Th Tn, Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn, th l ly hu d m gi v d. Nu v tm thanh tnh, v tri kin thanh tnh, v nghi ci thanh tnh, v o phi o tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch on tr thanh tnh m Th Tn Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn, th tc l ly hu d m gi l v d16. Ny Hin gi, nu ngoi nhng php 17 m Th Tn thi thit V d Nit-bn th phm phu cng s Bt-nit-bn, bi v phm phu cng ngoi cc php 18. Ny Hin gi, nhng do gii thanh tnh, cho nn tm thanh tnh; do tm thanh tnh cho nn kin thanh tnh; do kin thanh tnh cho nn nghi ci [431a] thanh tnh; do nghi ci thanh tnh cho nn o phi o tri kin thanh tnh; do o phi o tri kin thanh tnh cho nn o tch tri kin thanh tnh; do o tch tri kin thanh tnh cho nn o tch on tr thanh
16

So snh bn Pli: slavisuddhi ce vuso Bhagav anupdparinibbna papeyya, sa-updna yeva samna anupd parinibbna papeyya, ... Nu Th Tn tuyn b (thi thit) gii thanh tnh l V d Nit-bn th Ngi cng tuyn b V d Nit-bn bnh ng vi Hu d... 17 Tc ngoi nhng php k: gii tnh, cho n, tri kin tnh. 18 Ngha l, phm phu khng c gii tnh, cho n, tri kin tnh.

KINH THAT XA 58

tnh; do o tch on tr tnh, cho nn Th Tn Sa-mn C-m thi thit V d Nit-bn. Hin gi, xin hy nghe thm. Xa, vua x Cu-tt-la l Ba-t-nc nc X-v, c vic Sa-k- 19 . vua suy ngh nh vy: Dng phng tin g trong mt ngy i t X-v n Sa-k- c? Li suy ngh nh vy: Nay ta nn t X-v n Sa-k-, gia ng , b tr by c xe. Ri th, t X-v n Sa-k-, gia ng , vua b tr by c xe. B tr by c xe xong, t X-v vua i n c xe th nht, ngi trn c xe th nht i n c xe th hai. Ri b c xe th nht ci c xe th hai n xe th ba; b c xe th hai ngi trn c xe th ba n c xe th t; b c xe th ba ngi trn c xe th t n c xe th nm; b c xe th t ngi trn c xe th nm n c xe th su; b c xe th nm ngi trn c xe th su n c xe th by; b c xe th su ngi trn c xe th by; trong mt ngy l n Sa-k-. Sau khi lm vic xong Sa-k-, ngi trong chnh in ca vua, vi cc i thn vy quanh. Qun thn tu rng: Tu Thin vng, phi chng ch trong mt ngy m Thin vng i t X-v n Sa-k-? Vua ni: ng vy. Tu Thin vng, c phi Thin vng ci c xe th nht m trong mt ngy i t X-v n Sa-k-? Vua ni: Khng phi vy. C phi Ngi ci c xe th hai, c xe th ba cho n c xe th by t X-v n Sa-k-? Khng phi vy. Th no, ny Hin gi, nu qun thn li hi na, Ba-t-nc quc vng x Cu-tt-la s p th no? C phi vua tr li cho qun thn rng: Ta X-v c vic Sa-k-, ta ngh th ny: Dng phng tin g trong mt ngy i t X-v n Sa-k- c? Li suy ngh nh vy: Nay ta nn t X-v n Sa-k-, gia ng , b tr by c xe.
19

Sa-k- ; cc bn Hn u vit B-k- . Nay theo m Pli tng ng sa li. Pli: Sakta, mt thnh ph pha Bc Kosala.

KINH THAT XA

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Ri th, t X-v n Sa-k-, gia ng , ta b tr by c xe. B tr by c xe xong, t X-v ta i n c xe th nht, ngi trn c xe th nht i n c xe th hai. Ri b c xe th nht ci c xe th hai n c xe th ba; b c xe th hai [431b] ngi trn c xe th ba n c xe th t; b c xe th ba ngi trn c xe th t n c xe th nm; b c xe th t ngi trn c xe th nm n c xe th su; b c xe th nm ngi trn c xe th su n c xe th by; b c xe th su ngi trn c xe th by; trong mt ngy l n Sa-k-. Nh vy! Tha Hin gi, Ba-t-nc, vua x Cu-tt-la, tr li cu hi ca qun thn nh vy. Cng vy, tha Hin gi, v gii thanh tnh m tm thanh tnh, v tm thanh tnh nn tri kin thanh tnh, v tri kin thanh tnh nn nghi ci thanh tnh, v nghi ci thanh tnh, nn o phi o tri kin thanh tnh, v o phi o tri kin thanh tnh nn o tri kin thanh tnh, v o tch tri kin thanh tnh nn o tch on tr thanh tnh, v o tch on tr thanh tnh nn Th Tn thi thit V d Nit-bn. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht hi Tn gi Mn T T: Hin gi tn l g? Cc ng phm hnh20 gi Hin gi nh th no? Tn gi Mn T T tr li rng: Hin gi, ti hiu21 l Mn. Thn mu ti tn T, do cc ng phm hnh gi ti l Mn T T. Tn gi X-li-pht tn thn rng: Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Tn gi Mn T T! L t ca c Nh Lai, tr bin hon ho22, thng minh, quyt nh, an lc v y, thnh tu s ch ng, t n i bin ti, c phn cam l23, trong cam l gii24 t mnh chng ng, thnh tu v an tr. V khi hi Hin gi nhng
Hn: phm hnh nhn . Pli: sabrahmacar, ng phm hnh, bn ng tu. 21 Hn: ng hiu , bn Tng: ng ph hiu , tn cha. Pli: Puo... me... Nma, tn ti l Pua. 22 Hn: s tc tr bin . 23 Hn: cam l trng . Pli: amataketu (?); t in Pli khng c t ny. 24 Hn: cam l gii , ng ngha vi Nit-bn gii. Pli: amatadhtu: bt t gii
20

KINH THAT XA 60

ngha v cng su xa thy u c tr li. Hin gi Mn T T, nhng ng phm hnh s c nhiu li ch, nu gp c Tn gi Mn T T, ty thi m thm ving, ty thi m l bi. Nay ti cng c li ch, ty thi m thm ving, ty thi m l bi. Nhng ng phm hnh nn qun y trn u i Hin gi Mn T T, v c nhiu li ch. Nay ti cng c nhiu li ch, ty thi m thm ving, ty thi m l bi. Tn gi Mn T T hi Tn gi X-li-pht: Hin gi tn gi l g? Cc ng phm hnh gi Hin gi nh th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tr li rng: Ti t l u-ba--x25. Thn mu ti l X-li26, nn nhng ng phm hnh gi ti l X-li-pht. Hin gi Mn T T tn thn rng: Hm nay ti bn lun vi v t ngang hng Th Tn27 m khng bit, cng vi bc nh tn28 lun bn m khng bit, cng vi v Php tng29 lun bn m khng bit, cng lun bn vi v t tip tc vn chuyn php lun c vn chuyn30 m khng bit. Nu ti bit Tn gi l [431c] X-li-pht th ti khng tr li ni mt cu, hung chi li lun bn su xa nh th. Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Tn gi X-li-pht, l t ca c Nh Lai, tr bin hon ho, thng minh, quyt nh, an lc v y, thnh tu s ch ng, t n i bin ti, c phn cam l, trong cam l gii t mnh chng ng, thnh tu v an tr. V Hin gi hi nhng ngha v cng su xa. Hin gi X-li-pht, nhng ng phm hnh s c nhiu li ch, nu gp c Tn gi X-li-pht, ty thi m thm ving, ty thi m l bi. Nay ti cng c li ch, ty
u-ba--x . Pli: Upatissa. X-l . Pli: Sri. 27 bn: Th Tn t . TNM: Th Tn ng t . Pli: satthukappena vata kira bho svakena, (cng vi) v t c xem l ngang hng vi o S. 28 nh tn . Ni nh vy, v Ngi X-li-pht c knh trng di c Pht ch mt bc. 29 Php tng , v tng qun ca Chnh php. Pli: dhammasenapti. 30 Hn: chuyn php lun phc chuyn t , ngha l h tr Pht chuyn php lun.
26 25

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thi m thm ving, ty thi m l bi. Nhng ng phm hnh nn qun y trn u i Hin gi X-li-pht, v c nhiu li ch. Nay ti cng c nhiu li ch, ty thi m thm ving, ty thi m l bi. Hai v Hin gi khen ngi nhau nh vy. Cng khen ngi nhau nh vy ri, hoan h phng hnh, lin t ch ngi ng dy, tr v ch ngh ca mnh.

10. KINH LU TN Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr Cu-lu-su1, ti p Kim-ma-st-m, 2 p ca Cu-lu. By gi Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo: Do tri, do kin m cc lu 3 b tn dit ch khng phi do khng tri, khng kin. Sao gi l do tri, do kin m cc lu b tn dit? l do c chnh t duy v khng chnh t duy4. Nu khng chnh t duy th dc lu cha sanh s sanh; pht sanh lin tng trng; hu lu, v minh lu cha sanh s pht sanh; pht sanh lin tng trng. Nu c chnh t duy th dc lu cha sanh s khng sanh, sanh lin tiu dit. Hu lu v v minh lu cha sanh s khng sanh; sanh lin tiu dit. Nhng ngi phm phu ngu si, khng c nghe chnh php, khng c gp bc chn tri thc, khng bit Thnh php, khng c iu phc trong Thnh php5 khng bit php nh tht. Nu khng c chnh t duy, dc lu cha sanh s pht sanh, pht sanh lin tng trng; hu lu v v minh lu cha sanh s pht sanh; pht sanh lin tng trng. Nu c chnh t duy, dc lu cha sanh s khng pht sanh, pht sanh lin tiu dit; hu lu v v minh lu cha sanh s khng pht
Cu-lu-su , phin m tng ng Pli: Kurusu, gia nhng ngi (nc) Kuru. Nhng, Pli, M.2: Svatthiya viharati Jetavane..., tr X-v, trong rng Jeta... No.125 (40.6) cng vy, X-v K th Cp C c vin. No.31, Pht ti Cu-lu, Tu hi php ngh t duy. 2 Kim-ma-st-m Cu-lu p . Pli: Kammsadhamma, th ph ca nhng ngi Kur. 3 No 31: lu . 4 Chnh t duy bt chnh t duy . No.31. Bn qun, phi bn qun , suy nim ng n v suy nim khng ng n. Pli: yoniso ca manasikra ayoniso ca manasikra, c nh l tc v khng nh l tc (h lun c phng php v khng c phng php). 5 Hn: bt iu ng Thnh php , ngha l, khng c hun luyn, hay iu phc theo Thnh php. Pl.: ariyadhamme avinto.
1

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sanh; pht sanh lin tiu dit. V khng bit php nh tht do php khng nn nim li nim, php nn nim li khng nim. V php khng nn nim li nim, php nn nim li khng nim, nn dc lu cha sanh s pht sanh, sanh lin tng trng; hu lu v [432a] v minh lu cha sanh lin pht sanh, sanh lin tng trng. Thnh t a vn c nghe Thnh php, c gp bc chn tri thc, c iu phc theo Thnh php, bit php nh tht, nhng nu khng c chnh t duy, th dc lu cha sanh s pht sanh, sanh lin tng trng; hu lu v v minh lu cha sanh lin pht sanh, sanh lin tng trng. Nu c chnh t duy, dc lu cha sanh s khng sanh, sanh lin tiu dit; hu lu v v minh lu cha sanh s khng pht sanh, sanh lin tiu dit. Sau khi bit php nh tht, php khng nn nim th khng nim, php nn nim lin nim. V khng nim php khng nn nim v nim php nn nim, nn dc lu cha sanh s khng pht sanh, sanh lin tiu dit; hu lu v v minh lu cha sanh s khng pht sanh, sanh lin tiu dit. C by s on tr lu, phin no, php u su. Nhng g l by? C lu c on do kin, c lu c on do h, c lu c on do ly, c lu c on do dng, c lu c on do nhn, c lu c on do tr, c lu c on do t duy. Th no l lu c on do kin6? K phm phu khng c nghe chnh php, khng gp bc chn tr thc, khng bit Thnh php, khng c iu phc trong Thnh php, khng bit nh tht v php, khng c chnh t duy nn suy ngh th ny: Ta c i qu kh?7 Ta khng c i qu kh ? Do nhn duyn g ta c i qu kh? i qu kh ta nh th no? Ta c i v lai? Ta khng c i v lai? Do nhn duyn g ta c i v lai? Ta c i v lai nh th no? Ngi y hoi nghi v mnh rng 8: Thn ta l g, n l th no?9 Nay chng sanh ny
6

Lu tng kin on . Pli: sav dassan pahtabb. Pli (M. i. 7): ahosi nu kho aha attam addhna, Ta hin hu trong i qua kh chng? 8 Hn: t nghi , y, hoi nghi v s hin hu ca mnh trong i hin ti. Pli: paccupnna addhna kathakath hoti. 9 Hn: k thn h v th, vn h th . Pli: kin nu kho smi,
7

KINH THAT XA 71

t u n, v s i v u? Trc kia do nhn g m c, v s do nhn g m c? Ngi kia khi t duy khng chnh nh vy ri, trong su t kin, mt t kin khi ln cho rng Qu tht c t ng10. Hoc mt t kin khi ln cho rng Qu tht khng c t ng. Hoc mt t kin khi ln cho rng T ng thy l t ng11. Hoc mt t kin khi ln cho rng T ng thy l phi t ng12. Hoc mt t kin khi ln cho rng Chnh t ng y c th thy, c th bit, c th hnh ng, c th sai khin hnh ng, c th ng dy, c th sai khin ng dy, sanh vo ni ny, ni kia, th lnh thin bo, c bo; quyt khng t u n, quyt khng phi c, quyt khng phi s c13. t ca kin14; b kin lay ng, b kt s ca kin buc cht. K phm phu ngu si v th m phi chu ci kh ca sanh, lo, bnh, t. a vn Thnh t c nghe Thnh php, gp bc chn tri thc, c iu phc theo Thnh php, bit php nh tht, bit nh tht v Kh, [432b] bit Kh tp, bit Kh dit v bit nh tht Kh dit o. Bit nh tht nh th ri, ba kt tn tr. Khi ba kt l thn kin, gii th, v nghi tr ht, chng qu Tu--hon, khng cn a lc c php, chc chn thng tin n chnh gic, th sanh ti a by i trong thin thng v nhn gian. Sau by ln qua li lin on tn kh bin. Nu khng c tri kin, bc rc, u bun bn pht sanh. C tri kin, bc rc, u bun
kathan nu kho smi, Ti sao ta hin hu? Ta hin hu nh th no?

Hn: chn hu thn , t ng c bit nh l linh hn hay thn hn. Pli: atthi me att ti, Ta c t ng. 11 Thn kin thn . No.31: T k thn thn kin . Pli: attan va attna sajnmti, do t mnh, ti bit c t ng. 12 Hn: thn kin phi thn . Pli: attan va anattna sajnmti, Khng do t mnh, ti bit c t ng. 13 Hn: nh v s tng lai..., . Pli: so kho pana me aya att nicco dhuvo sassato aviparimadhammo sassatisama tatheva hassatti, T ng ca ta y thng tr, kin c, vnh hng, khng bin dch, tn ti vnh cu. 14 Hn: kin chi t ... Pl. ibid.: ida vuccati... dihigata dithigahana dihikantra dihiviska dihivipphandita dihisayojana, c gi l s hnh ca t kin, rng rm ca t kin, ng him ca t kin, tranh chp ca t kin, s no ng ca t kin, s tri buc ca t kin.

10

KINH THAT XA

72

khng pht sanh. l lu c on tr do kin. Cc lu c on tr do h15 l g? T-kheo khi sc c thy bi mt m nhn cn c phng h th s do chnh t duy m n c nhn thy l bt tnh vy. Nu nhn cn khng c phng h, s do khng chnh t duy m n c nhn thy l tnh. Nu khng phng h bc rc, u bun pht sanh. Nu c phng h, bc rc, u bun khng pht sanh. Cng vy, vi tai, mi, li, thn v bit php m c phng h cn, th s do chnh t duy m nhn thy l bt tnh, nu khng phng h cn th s do khng chnh t duy m nhn thy l tnh. Nu khng phng h, bc rc, u bun pht sanh. Nu c phng h, bc rc, u bun khng pht sanh. l cc lu c on tr do h. Cc lu c on tr do ly16 l g? T-kheo khi thy voi d th nn xa lnh; thy nga d, tru d, ch d, rn c, ng him, nh tiu, hm h, sng ngi, sui su, vch ni, c tri thc, c bng hu, c d o, chm xm xu, ni c tr xu, hoc T-kheo khi chung mt ch vi cc ng phm hnh khin cho ngi khng nghi ng m sanh nghi ng, l nhng trng hp phi nn xa lnh17. Hy nn xa lnh tt c c tri thc, c bng hu, c ngoi o, c d o, chm xm xu, ni c tr xu, hoc T-kheo khi chung mt ch vi cc ng phm hnh khin cho ngi khng nghi ng m sanh nghi ng. Nu khng xa lnh th khi sanh bc rc, u bun. Nu xa lnh th khng pht sanh bc rc, u bun. l lu c on tr do ly. Cc lu c on tr do dng18 l g? T-kheo khi th dng y phc, chng phi cu li, chng phi kiu hnh, chng phi trang sc, m v mui mng, gi ma, lnh nng v v h thn. Khi th dng n ung chng phi v mu li, chng phi trang sc, chng phi mp
15

Hn: lu tng h on . Pli: sav savar pahtabb, cc lu c on tr do phng h (lut nghi). 16 Hn: lu tng ly on . Pli: sav parivajjan pahtabb, cc lu c on tr do bi s x ly (trnh xa). 17 Ngha l, trnh xa nhng T-kheo no giao du bn xu, v.v..., khin cc bn ng tu phi nghi ng ly c mnh. 18 Hn: lu tng dng on . Pli: sav paisevan pahtabb, cc lu c on tr do th dng.

KINH THAT XA 73

bo m v lm thn th i lu di, tr bc rc, u bun, v thc hnh phm hnh, v mun bnh c tiu tr ng sanh bnh mi, v v sng lu, an n, khng bnh hon. Khi th dng nh ca, phng x, ging nm, nga c, khng phi kiu hnh, chng phi trang sc, m v lc mt mi c ni ngh ngi, [432c] c tnh ta. Khi th dng thuc thang khng phi mu li, khng phi kiu hnh, khng phi mp bo, m ch tr bnh hon, iu ha mng cn, an n khng bnh. Nu khng th dng nhng th y th s sanh phin no, su lo, cn th dng th khng sanh phin no su lo. l lu c on tr do dng. Cc lu c on tr do nhn19 l g? T-kheo tinh tn on tr php c, bt thin, tu tp thin php, nn lun lun c tng tri dy20 , chuyn tm tinh tn; th cho thn th, da, tht, gn, xng, mu, ty kh kit tt c ch khng b tinh tn. Phi t c mc ch mong mun mi x s tinh tn. T-kheo li phi chu ng s i kht, lnh nng, mui mng, rui, b cht, chy, d gi hay nng bc bch, b li d, b nh p, cng u c th nhn chu c. D thn mng bnh tt rt l au n n ni gn mun tuyt mng, v nhng iu khng th a vui c, tt c u chu ng c. Nu khng nhn chu th sanh bc rc, u bun, cn nhn chu c th khng sanh phin no u bun. l lu c on tr do nhn. C lu c on tr do tr21 l g? T-kheo nu dc tm22 sanh m khng on tr, khng x ly; sanh nhu nim, hi nim sanh m khng on tr, khng x ly. Nu khng tr dit, bc rc, u bun pht sanh; cn nu tr dit, bc rc, u bun khng pht sanh. l lu c
19

Hn: lu tng nhn on . Pli: sav adhivsan pahtabb, cc lu c on tr do sc chu ng. 20 Hn: thng hu khi tng , lun lun c tng tnh thc, khng ham ng ngh. 21 Hn: lu tng tr on . Pli: sav vinod pahtabb, lu on tr do loi b, tr kh. 22 Nguyn hn: dc nim , (nhu nim , hi nim ). y ch ba bt thin tm: dc tm, sn (nhu) tm, hi tm. Xem No 1(9), kinh Chng tp. Pl.: kmavitakka, vypdavitakka, vihimsvitakka.

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74

on tr do tr. C lu c on tr do tu23 l g? T-kheo t duy v gic chi th nht l nim, y vin ly, y v dc, y dit tn, thng n xut yu;24 trch php, tinh tn, h, khinh an25, nh, cho n t duy v gic chi th by l x, y vin ly, y v dc, y dit tn, thng n xut yu; nu khng t duy th sanh bc rc, u su, cn c t duy th khng sanh phin no u su. l lu c on tr do t duy. T-kheo no no do kin m on tr cc lu c on tr bi kin; do h m on tr cc lu c on tr bi h; do ly m on tr cc lu c on tr bi ly; do dng m on tr cc lu c on tr bi dng; do nhn m on tr cc lu c on tr bi nhn; do tr m on tr cc lu c on tr bi tr; do t duy m on tr cc lu c on tr bi t duy; gi l T-kheo on tr tt c lu, gii tr cc kt phc, c th bng chnh tr m dit tn kh bin. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.26

23

Hn: lu tng t duy on . Pli: sav bhvan pahtabb, cc lu c on tr do tu tp. 24 Hn: y ly, y v dc, y dit tn, th ch xut yu . Pl. thnh c: vivekanissita virganissita nirodhanissita vossaggaparimi, y vin ly, y ly dc, y dit tn, hng n x ly . 25 Hn: tc , s ngh ngi; nhng thng ni l khinh an. Pli: passaddhi. 26 Bn hn, ht quyn 2.

KINH THAT XA 75

PHM 2: TNG NG NGHIP TNG NGY TH NHT

K tm tt: Dim d, Ha-ph, , La-hu-la, T, Gi-lam, Gi-di-ni, S t, Ni-kin, Ba-la-lao.

11. KINH DIM D 12. KINH HA-PH 13. KINH 14. KINH LA-HU-LA 15. KINH T 16. KINH GI-LAM 17. KINH GI-DI-NI 18. KINH S T 19. KINH NI-KIN 20. KINH BA-LA-LAO

11. KINH DIM D [433a13] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Nu con ngi to nghip nh th no, n lnh th nghip y nh th1; nh vy khng c s thc hnh phm hnh, khng th dit tn kh. Nu ni nh vy: Nu con ngi to nghip nh th no, n lnh th qu bo ca n nh th 2; nh vy, c s tu hnh phm hnh, c c d dit tn c kh. (1.a) V sao nh vy? Gi s c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ca a ngc3. Th no l ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ca a ngc? y, nu c ngi khng tu thn, khng tu gii, khng tu tm, khng tu tu, th mng rt ngn4; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ca a
1

Hn: th k bo. Hn c th nhm, v trn lp vi khngnh tip theo. y sa lai theo bn Pli. Xem thm cht. 2 tip theo. A. i. 248: yath yathya
puriso kamma karoti tath tath ta paisavediyat ti eta santa, bhikkhave, brahmacariyavso na hoti, okso na payati samm dukkhassa antakiriyya, Nu ni rng: Con ngi ny to tc nghip nh no, n s cm th nghip y nh th.

Nu vy, ny cc T-kheo,... khng c i sng phm hnh; khng c c hi nu r s dit tn kh mt cch chn chnh. 2 Hn: th k bo . Pl.: tath tathssa vipka paisavediyati, cm th d thc ca n nh th nh th. Trong bn Hn, nguyn vn lp li, xem cht. 1 trn. Nhng trong bn Pli: yath yath vedanya aya pruriso kamma karoti tath tath tassa vipka paisavediyati, Con ngi ny to tc nghip c cm th nh th nh th, n s cm th d thc ca nghip y nh th nh th... 3 Bn Pli: appamattaka pi ppakamma kata tam ena niraya upaneti, ch to nghip c d ch cht t, nhng nghip y dn n a ngc. 4 Pli: paritto apptumo (S gii: tum vuccati attabhvo) appadukkhavihr, hn hp, t ng nh mn, sng t kh. C l bn Hn c: appa-yusm, c tui th thp, thay v: appa-tum, c t ng nhn mn.

KINH DIEM DU 72

ngc. V nh c ngi em mt lng mui b vo mt cht nc, mun lm cho nc mn khng th ung c, cc ngi ngh sao, mt lng mui c th lm cho mt t nc mn i khng th ung c chng? p rng: ng nh vy, bch Th Tn, v sao th? V mui nhiu, nc t, nn c th lm cho mn i khng th ung c. Cng vy, nu c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ca a ngc. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ca a ngc? y, c mt ngi khng tu thn, khng tu gii, khng tu tm, khng tu tu, th mng rt ngn; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ca a ngc. (1.b) Li na, c [433b] ngi to nghip bt thin5, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti? y, c mt ngi tu thn, tu gii, tu tm, tu tu, th mng rt di6; ngi y to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Cng nh c ngi em mt lng mui b vo sng Hng, mun lm cho nc mn khng th ung c. Cc ngi ngh sao? Mt lng mui , li c th lm cho nc sng Hng mn khng th ung c chng? p rng: Khng th c, bch Th Tn, v sao vy? V nc sng Hng rt nhiu m mt lng mui th qu t, do khng th lm mn i n khng ung c. Cng vy, c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th
5

Pli: tdisayeva appamattaka ppakamma kata, to c nghip cht t tng t (nh trng hp trn). 6 Pli: apparitto mahatto appamavihr, khng hn hp, t ng qung i, sng i khng hn lng.

KINH DIEM DU

73

qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti? y, c mt ngi tu thn, tu gii, tu tm, tu tu, th mng rt di; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. (2.a) Li na, c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc? y, c mt ngi khng tu thn, khng tu gii, khng tu tm, khng tu tu, th mng rt ngn; ngi y to nghip tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. V nh mt ngi ot ly con d ca ngi khc. Th no l mt ngi ot ly con d ca ngi khc? y, ngi ot d y, hoc vua, hoc quan, l ngi c nhiu uy th. Ngi ch d kia th ngho hn, khng th lc. Ngi ny v khng th lc nn van ln th, chp tay cu xin, ni nh th ny: Tha Tn gi, xin ngi tr li d cho ti. Hoc tr ti ng gi tin. Nh ngi ot d ca k khc l nh vy. Cng vy, c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc? y, c mt ngi khng tu thn, khng tu gii, khng tu tm, khng tu tu, th mng rt di; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. (2.b) Li na, c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo ngay trong i hin ti. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti? y, c mt ngi tu thn, tu gii, tu tm, tu tu, th mng rt di. l c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Cng nh c [433c] tuy ngi trm c d ca k khc, nhng ch d ot li. Th no l nh ngi trm c d ca k khc, nhng ch d ot li? y, ngi trm d kia ngho hn, khng th lc; cn ngi ch d kia hoc vua, hay quan, c rt nhiu uy lc. V c nhiu uy lc nn bt tri ngi ly trm v ot li d. l c ngi d trm c d ca k khc, nhng b ch ot tr li. Cng vy, c ngi to nghip bt thin, chc chn phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti bo. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti? y, c mt ngi tu thn, tu gii, tu tm, tu tu, th mng rt di; ngi y to nghip bt thin, tt th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti.

KINH DIEM DU 74

(3.a) Li na, c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th kh l qu bo trong a ngc. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc? Ngha l, c mt ngi khng tu thn, khng tu gii, khng tu tm, khng tu tu, th mng rt ngn. l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. Cng nh c ngi n k khc nm tin, b ch bt tri; cho n ch n mt tin cng nh b ch n bt tri. Th no l c ngi n k khc nm tin, b ch n bt tri; cho n ch n mt tin cng b ch n bt tri? l, ngi mc n kia ngho, khng c th lc. Ngi kia v ngho v khng c th lc nn n k khc nm tin lin b ch n bt tri; cho n ch n mt tin cng b ch n bt tri. Cng vy, c ngi to nghip bt thin phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc? y, c mt ngi khng tu thn, khng tu gii, khng tu tm, khng tu tu, th mng rt ngn; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong a ngc. (3.b) Li na, c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti? y, c mt ngi tu thn, tu gii, tu tm, tu tu, th mng rt di; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Cng nh c ngi d mc n mt trm tin nhng khng b ch n bt tri; cho n n ngn vn tin cng khng [434a] b ch n bt tri? Ngha l ngi mc n c v lng ti sn v th lc rt ln. Ngi y nh vy d mc n trm ngn tin vn khng b ch n bt tri. l ngi mc d mc n trm tin vn khng b ch n bt tri, cho n n ngn vn tin cng khng b ch n bt tri. Cng vy, c ngi to nghip bt thin, tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Th no l c ngi to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti? Ngha l, c mt ngi tu thn, tu gii, tu tm, tu tu, th mng rt di; ngi y to nghip bt thin tt phi th qu kh l qu bo trong i hin ti. Ngi y trong i hin ti gi s c th bo ca thin hay c nhng ch nh nhng, cht t thi. Pht thuyt ging nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

KINH DIEM DU

75

12. KINH HA-PH Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti Thch-ki-su1 nc Ca-duy-la-v2, trong vn Nicu-loi3. By gi Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin4 cng vi i chng T-kheo, sau gi n tra5, do c vic nn tp hp ngi ti ging ng. Lc by gi Nikin6 c mt ngi t thuc dng h Thch tn Ha-ph7, sau gi n tra, thong th i n ch Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin; cng cho hi nhau ri ngi sang mt bn. By gi Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin hi s vic nh th ny: Ny Ha-ph, ng ngh sao? Gi s c T-kheo th h thn, ming, ; ng thy c trng hp no v y nhn 8 m v y sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau chng9? Ha-ph tr li rng: Ny i Mc-kin-lin, gi s c v T-kheo th h thn, ming, ; ti thy rng c trng hp nhn m v y sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, gi s c ai i trc lm cc hnh vi bt thin, ngi y nhn m sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau10.

Thch-ki-su . Pli: Sakkesu, gia chng nhng ngi Thch-ca. Ca-duy-la-v (Ca-t-la-v). Pli: Kapilavatthu. 3 Ni-cu-loi vin . Pli: Nigrodhrma. 4 i Mc-kin-lin . Pli: Mah-Moggallna. 5 Hn: trung thc hu . 6 Ni-kin, Ni-kin T, Ni-kin Thn T . Pli: Nagah Ntaputta. 7 Ha-ph . Pli: Vappa, trng tn vi mt trong nm t u tin ca Pht. 8 Pl. (A. iii. 175): ta hn yatonidna, do mt nhn duyn no . 9. Pl. ibid. dukkhavedaniy sav, cc lu hoc dn n kh. 10 Pl. ibid.: pubbe ppakamma kata avipakkavipka, tato nidna purisa dukkhavedaniy sav assaveyyu abhisamparya, c nghip c lm trong qu kh nhng qu d thc cha chn, do nhn duyn ngi y trong
2

KINH HOA-PHA

78

Lc 11 c Th Tn ang tnh ta ch vng v; bng thin nh thanh tnh siu vit loi ngi, nghe Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin v Thch Haph t ca Ni-kin cng bn lun nh th. c Th Tn nghe xong, vo lc x chiu, ri ch tnh ta, i n ging ng, tri ch v ngi trc chng T-kheo. Sau khi ngi, [434b]c Th Tn hi rng: Ny i Mc-kin-lin, va ri ng cng t ca Ni-kin Thch Haph bn lun v vic g? Li c vic g m tp hp ngi ti ging ng? Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin bch rng: Bch Th Tn, hm nay con cng vi i chng T-kheo sau gi n tra, v c vic nn tp hp ngi ti ging ng. Lc by gi t Ni-kin l Thch Ha-ph ny, sau gi n tra, thong th i n ch con; cng cho hi nhau ri ngi sang mt bn. Con hi nh vy: Ny Ha-ph, ng ngh sao? Gi s c T-kheo th h thn, ming, ; ng thy v y c trng hp no nhn m sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau chng? Ha-ph tr li con rng: Ny i Mc-kin-lin, gi s c T-kheo th h thn, ming, ; ti thy rng c trng hp nhn m sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, gi s c ai i trc lm hnh vi bt thin, ngi y nhn m sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau. Bch Th Tn, va ri con cng Thch Ha-ph t Ni-kin bn lun nh vy. V vic m ngi tp hp ti ging ng. Lc Th Tn ni vi Thch Ha-ph, t ca Ni-kin, rng: Nu nhng g Ta ni l ng, ng tr li l ng; nu khng ng ng nn tr li l khng ng. ng c iu g nghi ng th nn hi Ta nh vy: Sa-mn C-m, ci ny c s g? Ci ny c ngha g? Ty nhng iu Ta ni m ng c th tip nhn c th Ta vi ng c th bn lun iu y. Ha-ph tr li rng: Sa-mn C-m, nu iu Ngi ni l ng, ti s ni l ng. Nu
tng lai c th khi ln lu hoc dn n cm th kh. bn: hu thi , sau . TNM: b thi , khi .

11

KINH HOA-PHA 79

khng ng ti s ni l khng ng. Nu c iu no nghi ng ti s hi C-m: Tha C-m, iu ny c s g? iu ny c ngha g? Ty theo nhng iu Sa-mn C-m ni, ti tip nhn. Vy, Sa-mn Cm hy cng ti bn lun vic y. c Th Tn hi rng: Ha-ph ngh sao? Gi s c T-kheo sanh khi thn hnh bt thin, l cc lu khin bc rc, u su12. V y sau thn hnh bt thin c dit tr, khng to thm nhng nghip mi, x b nghip c, tc thi ngay trong hin ti lin t n cu cnh, khng cn b nng bc, bn vng khng bin i, 13 tc iu c ni l c thy bi Thnh tu, c bit bi Thnh tu.14 Nu thn hnh bt thin, khu hnh bt thin, hnh bt thin, do v minh hnh m sanh lu, nng bc v u su15, ngi y sau dit tr v minh hnh bt thin, khng to thm nhng nghip mi, x b nghip c, ngay trong hin ti ny lin chng c cu cnh, khng cn nng bc, thng tr khng i, tc iu c ni l c thy bi Thnh tu, c bit bi Thnh tu. Th no, ny Ha-ph, [434c] T-kheo th h thn, ming, nh vy, trong trng hp ny ng c thy v y nhn m sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau chng? Ha-ph tr li rng:

12

Hn: lu phin nhit u thch . Pl.: kyasamrambhapaccay uppajjanti sav vightaparilh, do duyn l s hot ng ca thn m pht sinh cc lu, (l nhng th) gy tn hi, nng bc. 13 Hn: thng tr bt bin; c th dch t aklik, (php) phi thi gian, khng l thuc thi gian. 14 Pl. (A. ii. 198): sandihik nijar aklik ehipassik opaneyyik paccatta veditabb vihi, (y l o l) hin thc, tr dit, phi thi gian, n m thy, c kh nng dn o, cnhn th ni tm bi bc tr. Nhng t ny thng m t cc phm tnh ca Php c Pht thuyt, y ch o l hnh tr ca T kheo. Bn Hn khng xc nh c cc t ny phm nh hay m t ci g, nn on vn tr nn kh hiu. 15 V minh hnh lu... , Pli: avijjpaccay uppajjanti sav..., do duyn l v minh m sinh khi cc lu...

KINH HOA-PHA

80

Tha C-m, gi s c v T-kheo th h thn, ming, nh vy, trong trng hp ny ti khng thy v y do m sanh khi lu bt thin dn n i sau. c Th Tn khen rng: Lnh thay, Ha-ph! Th no, ny Ha-ph, T-kheo no m v minh dt ht, minh sanh khi; v y, v minh dt ht, minh sanh khi, khi cm gic v thn ti hu16 sanh khi th bit l cm gic v thn ti hu sanh khi; khi cm gic v mng ti hu17 sanh khi th bit l cm gic v mng ti hu sanh khi. Khi thn hoi mng chung, tui th kt thc, ngay trong i ny, tt c mi cm gic ngng bt, t thn mnh bit s i n ch lnh m hon ton18. Ny Ha-ph, cng nh nhn cy m c bng. Gi s c ngi mang ba tht bn n cht t r cy, cht nt ra thnh nhiu khc, ph lm mi phn, hoc trm phn, t chy thnh tro, ri hoc gi thi bay i, hoc mang b vo trong nc. Ha-ph ngh sao? Bng nhn cy m c; bng y do m mt hn ci nhn ca n, nn tuyt dit khng cn sanh na chng? Ha-ph tr li rng: ng nh th, tha C-m. Ny Ha-ph, nn bit v T-kheo kia li cng nh vy. V minh dt ht, minh sanh khi. V kia, v minh dt ht, minh sanh khi, khi cm gic v thn ti hu sanh khi th vi y bit l cm gic v thn ti hu sanh khi; khi cm gic v mng ti hu sanh khi th v y bit l cm gic v mng ti hu sanh khi. Khi thn hoi mng chung, tui th kt thc, ngay trong i ny, tt c mi cm gic ngng bt, t thn mnh bit s i n ch lnh m hon ton. Ny Ha-ph, v THn: hu thn gic . Pli: kyapariyantika vedana vediyamno, khi c cm gic v cm th ca thn ti hu. 17 Hn: hu mng gic . Pli: jvapariyantika vedana, cm th ca sinh mng ti hu. 18 Hn: cu cnh lnh .Pl. ibid.: idheva sabbavedayitni anabhinanditni st bhavissati, chnh y tt c nhng g c cm th s khng cn c yu thch, s tr nn lnh lng.
16

KINH HOA-PHA 81

kheo vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy, lin c su hng tr19. Su tr x l g? Ny Ha-ph, T-kheo mt thy sc m khng h, khng u, an tr x20, chnh nim, chnh tr. Ny Ha-ph, v T-kheo chnh tm gii thot nh vy, gi l c hng tr th nht. Cng vy, tai, mi, li, thn, bit php m khng h khng u, x cu, v vi, chnh nim, chnh tr. Ny Ha-ph, v T-kheo chnh tm gii thot nh vy, gi l c hng tr th su. Ha-ph bch rng: ng nh vy, tha Sa-mn C-m! a vn Thnh t chnh tm gii thot nh vy, c su hng tr. Su hng tr l nhng g? Tha C-m, a vn Thnh t khi mt thy sc, khng h, khng u, an tr x, chnh nim, chnh tr. Ny Ha-ph, T-kheo vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy, c ni l t c hng tr th nht. Cng vy, tai, mi, li, thn, bit php m khng h, khng u, an tr x, chnh nim, chnh tr. Ny Ha-ph, T-kheo vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy c ni l t c hng tr th su. Ny Ha-ph, T-kheo vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy, c su hng tr ny. Ha-ph bch rng: ng nh th, tha C-m, a vn Thnh t vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy, c su hng tr. Tha C-m, a vn Thnh t khi mt thy sc, khng h, khng u, an tr x, chnh nim, chnh tr. Tha C-m, a vn Thnh t vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy, c ni l t c hng tr th nht. Cng vy, tai, mi, li, thn, [435a] bit php m khng h, khng u, an tr x, chnh nim,
Hn: lc thin tr x . Xem No 1(10) kinh Thp thng. Pli (A.ii. 196): eva samm vimuttacitassa bhikkhuno ch satatavihr adhigat, T kheo vi tm gii thot chn chanh nh vy t c su hng tr. cha satatavihr. 20 Nguyn hn: x cu v vi . Cf. Pl. ibid.: so cakkhun rpa disv neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako viharati sato sampajno, T kheo khi mt thy sc, khng c p cng khng c xu, an tr x vi chnh nim, chnh tri.
19

KINH HOA-PHA

82

chnh tr. Tha C-m, a vn Thnh t vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy c ni l t c hng tr th su. Nh vy, Tha Cm, a vn Thnh t vi tm gii thot chn chnh nh vy, c su hng tr ny. Ri th, Ha-ph bch Th Tn rng: Bch c C-m, con bit. Bch c Thin Th, con hiu. Bch c C-m, cng nh ngi c mt sng, ci g b p th lt ln; ci g b che y th gi ra; i vi ngi m th ch ng cho; trong ti tm th cho nh sng ai c mt th thy nh sng mu sc. Sa-mn C-m cng ging nh vy, v con m dng v lng phng tin thuyt php v hin hin ngha l, theo o thm thm21. Bch Th Tn, hm nay con xin t quy y vi Pht, Php v Chng Tkheo, ci nguyn Th Tn nhn cho con lm u-b-tc; k t hm nay trn i xin t quy y, cho n mng chung. Bch Th Tn, cng nh ngi nui con nga d m mong c li ch. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Con v khng hiu r tng tn, khng th gii bit, khng bit c rung tt, khng suy xt m cung knh, l bi, phng s Ni-kin T ngu si kia trong mt thi gian di, mong c li ch, nhng ch lung nhc kh, v ch. Bch Th Tn, con nay ln na xin t quy y Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo, ci nguyn Th Tn nhn cho con lm u-b-tc; k t hm nay, trn i xin t quy y, cho n mng chung. Bch Th Tn, con trc y do khng bit nn i vi Ni-kin ngu si kia m c tn, c knh, t nay dt hn. V sao th? V phnh gt con vy. Bch Th Tn, nay ln th ba xin t quy y vi Pht, Php v Chng Tkheo, ci nguyn Th Tn nhn li cho con lm u-b-tc; hm nay, trn i xin t quy y, cho n khi mng chung. Pht thuyt nh vy. Thch Ha-ph v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q
bn: ty k ch o . Cc bn Tng-Nguyn-Minh: ty thm thm o .
21

13. KINH Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, ti Thng Lm lm trong vn Cp C c. By gi Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo: (i) C ba x,1 khc chng tnh, khc danh xng, khc tng ch, khc hc thuyt, m d cho ngi c tr tu kho nhn lnh, kho ghi nh2 ni cho ngi khc3, nhng cng khng thu hoch c li ch4. Nhng g l ba? Hoc c Sa-mn, B-la-mn thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u nhn tc mng nh sn5. Li [435b] c Sa-mn, B-la-mn thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u do ng Tn Hu6 nh sn. Li c Sa-mn, B-la-mn thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u v nhn, v duyn7. (i. ) trong y, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u nhn tc mng nh ot, Ta lin
1

Hn: x . Pli: titthyatana, ch vt qua sng. Tittha cng ch tng phi hay gio phi, do , titthyatana cng ch cn c hay nn tng lp thuyt ca cc gio phi. 2 Pli: paitehi samanuyujiyamnni samanughiyamnni samanubhsiyamnni, b cc nh thng thi nn vn, cht vn, khuyn co. 3 Pli: para gantv, sau khi n vi ngi khc. Tc l, c th ging gii li cho ngi khc. 4 Pli: akiriyya sahahanti, chng (cc hc thuyt y) khng mang li hu ch g. 5 Hn: nht thit giai nhn tc mng to , "Tt c u do nhn tc mng, nguyn nhn nh sn t i trc. Pli: ta sabba pubbekatahet. 6 Hn: Tn Hu , Thng . Pli: Issaranimnahet, nguyn nhn do Thng bin ha ra hay sng to. 7 Hn: v nhn v duyn , thuyt t nhin, khng c nguyn nhn v iu kin. Pli: ahetu-appaccay.

KINH O

84

n ni ngi kia v hi: Ny Hin gi, c tht Hin gi thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u nhn tc mng nh ot chng? Ngi kia tr li rng: Tht vy. Ta li ni vi ngi kia rng: Nu qu tht nh vy, cc Hin gi u l nhng k st sanh c. V sao th? Bi v tt c u nhn tc mng nh ot sn8. Cng vy, Ch Hin l nhng k trm cp, t dm, ni lo cho n t kin. Ti sao th? Bi v tt c u nhn tc mng nh ot sn. Ny Ch Hin, i vi kin chp rng: Tt c u nhn tc mng nh ot sn, m cho l nh tht, nh l li chc bn trong9, nhng iu nn hay khng nn lm, hon ton khng c dc, khng c phng tin10. Ny Ch Hin, nu i vi iu nn lm v khng nn lm m khng bit ng nh tht th s mt chnh nim, khng c chnh tr11, th khng c cch no gio ha ng theo php ca Sa-mn c12. Ni nh vy mi c th dng l khut phc cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia. (i.2) y, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no, thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi u nhn ng Thin Hu nh ot. Ta lin i n ch ngi kia, v hi: Ny Hin gi, c tht Hin gi thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u nhn Thin Hu nh ot chng? Ngi kia tr li rng: Tht vy. Ta li ni vi ngi kia rng: Nu qu tht nh vy, cc Hin gi u l nhng k st sanh c. V sao th? Bi v tt c u nhn Thin Hu nh ot sn. Cng vy, Ch Hin l nhng k trm cp, t dm, ni lo cho n t kin. Ti sao th? Bi v tt c u nhn Thin Hu nh ot sn. Ny Ch Hin, i vi kin chp rng: Tt c u nhn Thin Hu nh ot sn, m cho l nh tht,
Pli (A. i. 174): ptiptino bhavissanti pubbekatahetu, h s (c coi nh) l nhng k st sanh, do hnh ng i trc. 9 Hn: ni nhn ni . C l Pli tng ng: srato paccgacchata, nm cht cho l li cng kin thn, tinh ty). 10 Hn: v dc v phng tin . Pli: na hoti chando v vymo, khng c c mun, khng c n lc. 11 Pli: muhassatna anrakkhna viharata, sng xao lng, khng gi gn (cc cn). 12 Pli: na hoti paccatta sahadhammiko samaavdo, khng th t gi mnh l Samn mt cch chn chnh.
8

KINH O 85

nh l li chc bn trong, nhng iu nn hay khng nn lm, hon ton khng c dc, khng c phng tin. Ny Ch Hin, nu i vi iu nn lm v khng nn lm m khng bit ng nh tht th s mt chnh nim, khng c chnh tr, khng c cch no gio ha ng theo php ca Sa-mn c. Ni nh vy mi c th dng l khut phc cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia. (i.3) y, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi u v nhn v duyn. Ta lin i n ch ngi kia, n ri lin hi: Ny Hin gi, c tht Hin gi thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Tt c hnh vi ca con ngi [435c] u v nhn v duyn? Ngi kia tr li rng: Tht vy. Ta li ni vi ngi kia rng: Nu qu tht nh vy, cc Hin gi u l nhng k st sanh c. V sao th? Bi v tt c u v nhn v duyn. Cng vy, Ch Hin l nhng k trm cp, t dm, ni lo cho n t kin. Ti sao th? Bi v tt c u v nhn v duyn. Ny Ch Hin, i vi kin chp rng: Tt c u v nhn v duyn, m cho l nh tht, nh l li chc bn trong, nhng iu nn hay khng nn lm, hon ton khng c dc, khng c phng tin. Ny Ch Hin, nu i vi iu nn lm v khng nn lm m khng bit ng nh tht th s mt chnh nim, khng c chnh tr, th khng c cch no gio ha ng theo php ca Sa-mn c. Ni nh vy mi c th dng l khut phc cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia. (ii.) Nhng php m ta t mnh bit, t mnh gic ng, ri thuyt ging cho cc ngi; d l Sa-mn, B-la-mn, Thin, Ma, Phm v cc loi th gian khc u khng th khut phc c, khng th lm cho cu u c, khng th ch phc c. Th no l nhng php m ta t mnh bit, t mnh gic ng, ri thuyt ging cho cc ngi; d l Sa-mn, Bla-mn, Thin, Ma, Phm v cc loi th gian khc u khng th khut phc c, khng th lm cho cu u c, khng th ch phc? l php su x13 m ta t mnh bit, t mnh gic ng, thuyt ging cho cc ngi; d l Sa-mn, B-la-mn, Thin, Ma, Phm v cc loi th gian khc u khng th khut phc c, khng th lm cho cu u c, khng th ch phc.

13

Lc x php . A. I. 175: cha phassyatanni.

KINH O

86

Li c php su gii14 m ta t mnh bit, t mnh gic ng, thuyt ging cho cc ngi; d l Sa-mn, B-la-mn, Thin, Ma, Phm v cc loi th gian khc u khng th khut phc c, khng th lm cho cu u c, khng th ch phc. (ii.1) Th no l php su x m ta t mnh bit, t mnh gic ng, thuyt ging cho cc ngi? l nhn x, nh, t, thit, thn, x. l php su x ta t tri, t gic, ta ni cho cc ngi bit. (ii.2) Th no l php su gii m ta t mnh bit, t mnh gic ng, thuyt ging cho cc ngi? l a gii, thy, ha, phong, khng v thc gii. l php su gii m ta t tri t gic, ni cho cc ngi bit. (ii.3) Do ha hip ca su gii15 nn sanh thai m. Nhn su gii m c su x16; nhn su x c xc17, nhn xc m c th18. Ny cc T-kheo, nu ai c cm th lin bit nh tht v Kh, bit v Kh tp, bit v Kh dit, bit nh tht v Kh dit o. Th no l bit nh tht v kh? L sanh kh, gi kh, bnh kh, cht kh, th nghch gp nhau l kh, yu thng m chia ly l kh, mong mun m khng c l kh. Tm li, nm th un l kh. 19 Th no l bit nh tht v Kh tp? l i, dn n hu ng lai, [436a] cu hu vi h tham, mong cu hoan lc ni ny ni kia20. l bit nh tht v Kh tp. Th no l bit nh tht v Kh dit? l i, dn n hu ng lai, cu hu vi h tham, mong cu hoan lc ni ny ni kia; tt c nh vy
14 15

Lc gii php . A. i. 175: cha dhtuyo. Hn: lc gii hip . A. i. 176: channa dhtna updya gabbhassvavakkanti hoti, do chp th (y trn) su gii m c s nhp thai. 16 Bn Pli: nhn nhp thai m c danh sc... xc... th. 17 Nguyn Hn: canh lc . 18 Nguyn Hn: gic . 19 Hn: ng thnh m kh . Pl.: pacupdnakkhandh dukkh. 20 Hn: th ci th ng lai hu, lc dc cng cu, cu b b hu . Pl., thnh c: yya tah ponobhavik nandrgasahagat tatra-tatrbhinandin.

KINH O 87

on tr khng cn d tn, x ly, dit tn, v dc, tch tnh, tch dit. gi l bit nh tht v Kh dit. Th no l bit nh tht v Kh dit o? l Thnh o tm chi, t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v Kh dit o. T-kheo nn bit nh tht v Kh, nn on Kh tp, nn thc chng Kh dit, nn tu Kh dit o. T-kheo no bit nh tht v Kh, on Kh tp, thc chng Kh dit, tu Kh dit o, T-kheo tn tr tt c lu, gii tr cc kt, c th bng chnh tr m on tn kh bin. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

14. KINH LA-HU-LA Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti thnh Vng x, trong rng Trc Lm, vn Ca-lan-a1. By gi Tn gi La-hu-la2 cng ti thnh Vng X, trong rng n tuyn3. c Th Tn sau khi m qua, vo bui sng sm, khoc y, cm bt, i vo thnh Vng x kht thc. Kht thc xong, Ngi i n rng n tuyn, tr x ca Tn gi La-hu-la. Tn gi La-hu-la t ng xa thy c Th Tn n, lp tc n rc, cm y bt ca Pht, tri ta c v mc nc ra chn. c Pht ra chn xong, ngi trn ch ngi ca La-hu-la. (i.1) Khi c Th Tn lin ly chu nc i, ch lu li mt t, ri hi: La-hu-la, ngi nay c thy Ta cm chu nc ny i, ch lu li mt t khng? La-hu-la p: Bch Th Tn, con c thy. Pht bo: Ta ni o ca ngi kia cng t nh vy, ngha l bit ri cn ni di4 m khng xu h, khng n nn, khng tm, khng qu. Ny Lahu-la, ngi kia cng khng c iu c no l khng lm. Do , ny La-hu-la, hy nn hc nh th ny: Khng c [436b] a gin v ni di. (i.2) c Th Tn li ly ci chu cn li mt t nc ht ra ri hi
1

Trc lm Ca-lan-a vin . Pli: ti khu Kalandakanivpa trong. Veuvna 2 Trong bn: La-vn . Pli: Rahula. 3 n tuyn lm . Pli: Tapodrma, tinh x n tuyn hay Sui nc nng, ph cn thnh Vng x. Bn Pli, M. 61 (i. 144), by gi Rahula rng Ambalahik. 4 Pl.: sampajnamusavda, c vng ng.

KINH LA-VAN 90

rng: Ny La-hu-la, ngi li c thy Ta cm ci chu cn mt t nc y ra ht khng? La-hu-la tr li rng: Con c thy, bch Th Tn. Pht bo rng: Ny La-hu-la, Ta ni rng o ca ngi kia cng mt ht nh vy. Ngha l bit ri cn ni di, m khng xu h, khng n nn, khng tm, khng qu. Ny La-hu-la, ngi y cng khng c vic c no m khng lm. Do y, ny La-hu-la nn hc nh th ny: Khng c a gin v ni di. (i.3) c Th Tn li cm chu trng khng y p xung t ri hi rng: Ny La-hu-la, ngi li c thy Ta cm chu khng ny p xung t khng? La-hu-la tr li: Con c thy, bch Th Tn. Pht bo rng: Ny La-hu-la, Ta ni rng o ca ngi kia cng b lt p nh vy, ngha l bit ri cn ni di m khng bit xu h, khng n nn, khng tm, khng qu. Ny La-hu-la, ngi y cng khng c vic c no m khng lm. Do , ny La-hu-la nn hc nh th ny, khng c a gin v ni di. (i.4) c Th Tn li cm chu p lt nga ln ri hi rng: Ny La-hu-la, ngi c thy Ta cm ci chu p ny gi nga ln khng? La-hu-la tr li rng: Con c thy, bch Th Tn! c Pht bo La-hu-la rng: Ta ni rng o ca ngi kia b lt nga, cng li nh vy. Ngha l bit ri cn ni di m vn khng xu h, khng n nn, khng tm, khng qu. Ny La-hu-la, ngi y cng khng c vic c no m

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khng lm. Do ny La-hu-la, nn hc nh th ny: Khng c a gin v ni di. (i.5) Ny La-hu-la, cng nh vua c tht voi ln, khi xng vo trn chin u, n dng chn trc, chn sau, ui, b chn, xng sng, hng, u, trn, tai, ng, tt c u dng, ch gi gn chic vi. Tng s thy vy, bn suy ngh nh th ny: Tht voi ln ny ca vua vn cn tic mng sng. V sao th? V tht voi ln ca vua ny khi xng vo trn gic chin u, n dng c chn trc, chn sau, ui, b xng, xng sng, hng, u, trn, tai, ng, tt c u dng, ch gn gi chic vi. Ny La-hu-la, nu tht voi ln ca vua khi xng vo trn gic chin u m dng c chn trc, chn sau, ui, b xng, xng sng, hng, u, trn, tai, vi; thy u dng tt c. Tng s thy vy ri lin suy ngh nh th ny: Tht voi ln ca vua ny khng cn tic mng sng na. V sao th? Tht voi ln ca vua ny khi xng vo trn gic chin u, n dng c chn trc, chn sau, ui, b xng, hng, u, ng, vi; tt c u em dng. Ny La-hu-la, nu tht voi ln khi xng vo trn gic chin u m dng c chn trc, chn sau, ui, b xng, xng sng, hng, u, ng, vi; tt c u em dng; ny La-hu-la, Ta ni tht voi ln ca vua khi xng vo trn gic, chin u, khng c vic d no m khng lm, khng n nn, khng tm, khng qu. Ny Lahu-la, Ta ni rng: Ngi kia cng khng c vic c no m khng lm. Do , ny La-hu-la, nn hc nh th ny: Khng c a gin v ni di. Ri th c Th Tn ni bi tng rng: K no phm mt php, Php l ni di: N khng s i sau; Khng cha s d no. [436c] Th nut vin st chy, N nng nh la ; Ch khng nn phm gii M nhn i cng th. Nu bit s kh s, Khng thch ngh tng n;

KINH LA-VAN 92

Ch sng, hay kn o Ch to tc nghip c. Nu to nghip bt thin, lm, nay ang lm, Trn khng gii thot c Cng khng c ch trnh. (ii) c Pht ni bi tng ri, li hi rng: Ny La-hu-la, ngi ngh th no, ngi ta dng gng lm g? La-hu-la tr li rng: Bch Th Tn, nhn xem khun mt sch hay khng sch. (ii.1.a) Cng vy, ny La-hu-la, nu ngi sp hnh ng vi thn nghip th hy qun st thn nghip y rng: Ta sp lm vi thn nghip; thn nghip y hi hay khng hi cho mnh hay cho ngi?5 Ny Lahu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy, m bit rng: Ta sp lm vi thn nghip, nghip y hi cho mnh, hoc hi cho ngi; l thn nghip bt thin, n s a n kh qu v phi th ly kh bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn b thn nghip bt thin sp c lm y i. (ii.1.b) Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy m bit rng: Ta sp lm vi thn nghip; thn nghip y khng hi6 mnh hay hi ngi; l thn nghip thin, n s a n lc qu v s th ly lc bo. Ny Lahu-la, ngi hy thc hin thn nghip s lm y. (ii.2.a) Ny La-hu-la, ngi hin ti ang hnh ng vi thn nghip, hy qun st thn nghip y rng: Ta ang lm thn nghip; thn nghip y hi hay khng hi cho mnh hay cho ngi? Ny La-hu-la, khi qun st nh vy m bit rng: Ta ang lm thn nghip; thn nghip ny hi mnh hay hi ngi; l thn nghip bt thin s a n kh qu v th ly kh bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn b thn nghip ang lm y

Hn: vi tnh, vi bt tnh, v t vi, v tha . C s khng r rng trong bn n, xt theo ni dung nhng iu c ni on tip theo. y da theo ni dung Pli m phng dch. Pl.: attavybdhyapi
paravybdhyapi
6

Hn: ; r rng c s nhm ln. Xem cht. 5 trn.

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i. (ii.2.b) Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy, m bit rng: Ta ang lm thn nghip; thn nghip y khng hi mnh hay hi ngi; l nghip y thin, s a n lc qu v th ly lc bo. Ny La-hula, ngi hy nn thc hin thn nghip ang lm y. (ii.3.a) Ny La-hu-la, nu ngi hnh ng vi thn nghip, hy qun st thn nghip y rng: Ta lm thn nghip; thn nghip y qu kh, dit tn, bin dch. N l hi hay khng hi cho mnh hay cho ngi ngi? Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy m bit rng: Ta lm thn nghip; thn nghip y qu kh, dit tn, bin dch, thn nghip y hi cho mnh hay cho ngi khc; l nghip y l bt thin, s a n kh qu v phi th ly kh bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi hy n ni ng phm hnh l thin tri thc, ch tm pht l [437a] thn nghip to ra, xin n nn li lm, cn thn khng giu gim, ri phi kho lo gi gn. (ii.3.b) Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy, m rng: Ta lm thn nghip. Thn nghip y qu kh, dit tn, bin dch; thn nghip y khng hi mnh hay ngi; nghip y thin, s a n lc qu v th ly lc bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn ngy m vui mng, an tr chnh nim, chnh tr. Vi khu nghip cng li nh vy. (ii.4.a) Ny La-hu-la, nu nhn vic lm trong qu kh nn sanh nghip, hy qun st nghip y rng: Nu nhn vic lm trong qu kh sanh nghip; nghip y hi hay khng hi cho mnh hay cho ngi? Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun nh vy, m bit nhn vic lm trong qu kh m sanh ra nghip; nghip qu kh, dit tn, bin dch; nghip y hi mnh hay ngi; nghip y l bt thin s a n kh qu v phi th ly kh bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn b nghip trong qu kh y i. Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun nh vy, thy rng nhn vic lm trong qu kh m sanh ra nghip; nghip y qu kh, dit tn, bin dch; nghip y khng hi mnh hay ngi; nghip y l thin s a n lc qu v th ly lc bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi n th nhn nghip qu kh y.

KINH LA-VAN 94

(ii.4.b) Ny La-hu-la, nhn vic lm trong v lai nn s sanh khi nghip, hy qun st nghip y rng: Nu nhn vic lm trong v lai s sanh nghip; nghip y l hi hay khng hi cho mnh hay cho ngi? Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun nh vy, m bit rng Nhn vic lm trong v lai m s sinh nghip; nghip y hi mnh hay ngi; nghip y l bt thin s a n kh qu v phi th ly kh bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn x b nghip trong v lai i. Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy, lin bit rng: Nhn vic lm trong v lai m sanh nghip; nghip khng hi mnh hay ngi; nghip y l thin, s a n lc qu v th ly lc bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn nhn lnh nghip trong v lai y. (ii.4.c) Ny La-hu-la, nhn vic lm trong hin ti nn ang sanh khi nghip, hy nn qun st nghip y rng: Nu nhn vic ang lm trong hin ti nn sanh khi nghip, nghip y hi hay khng hi cho mnh hay cho ngi? Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy, m bit rng: Nhn vic ang lm trong hin ti nn ang sanh khi nghip; nghip y hi hi mnh hay ngi; nghip y l bt thin, s a n kh qu v s th ly kh bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn x b nghip trong hin ti y i. Ny La-hu-la, nu khi qun st nh vy, m bit rng: Nhn c vic ang lm trong hin ti nn ang sanh khi nghip; nghip y khng hi mnh hay ngi; [437b] nghip y l thin s a n lc qu v th ly lc bo. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn nhn lnh nghip hin ti y. (iii) Ny La-hu-la, nu trong qu kh c nhng v Sa-mn, B-lamn to nghip thn, khu, ; qun st ri, li qun st na; thanh tnh, li thanh tnh na. Tt c nhng v y, ngay ni nghip thn, khu, ca mnh, qun ri li qun na, tnh ri li tnh hn na. Ny La-hu-la, nu trong v lai s c nhng v Sa-mn, B-la-mn to nghip thn, khu, , s qun ri li qun na, s thanh tnh ri li thanh tnh hn. 7 Tt c nhng v y ngay ni thn nghip, khu, nghip ca mnh, qun ri li qun na, s thanh tnh ri li thanh tnh
7

Pl. A.i.420: () evamevam paccavekkhitv, kyakamma parisodhesu, sau kho qun st nh vy, h lm cho thn nghip thanh tnh.

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hn. Ny La-hu-la, nu trong hin ti c nhng Sa-mn, B-la-mn to nghip thn, khu, ; ang qun ri li qun na, ang thanh tnh ri li thanh tnh hn. Tt c nhng v y ngay ni nghip thn, khu, ca mnh, ang qun ri li qun na, ang thanh tnh ri li thanh tnh hn. Ny La-hu-la, ngi nn hc nh th. Chnh Ta cng ngay ni nghip thn, khu, ca Ta, ang qun ri li s qun, ang thanh tnh ri li thanh tnh hn. Ri th, c Th Tn li ni bi tng rng: Thn nghip v khu nghip, nghip, La-hu-la! Php thin hay bt thin; Ngi hy thng qun st. bit cn ni di: La-hu-la, ch ni! S sng nng ni ngi, Sao li ni di ngi? Php Sa-mn b p, Trng khng, khng chn tht; chnh l ni di, Khng gi gn ming mnh. Cho nn khng ni di, L con bc Chnh gic. l php Sa-mn, La-hu-la, hy hc! Ni ni vui sung tc, An n, khng s hi, La-hu-la, n , Ch lm hi ngi khc! Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi La-hu-la v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

KINH LA-VAN 96

15. KINH T Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng. Nu k no c to nghip1, Ta ni rng k y phi th ly qu bo. Hoc th ngay trong i hin ti, hoc th vo i sau. Nu to nghip m khng c , Ta ni rng ngi y khng nht thit phi th qu bo. y, thn c to ba nghip bt thin, a n kh qu, th kh qu. Ming c bn nghip, c ba [437c] nghip bt thin, a n kh bo, th kh qu. Nhng g l ba nghip do thn c to bt thin, a n kh qu, phi th kh bo? Mt l st sanh, qu hung d, ung mu, c mun st hi, khng thng xt chng sanh, cho n loi cn trng. Hai l ly ca khng c cho, m trc ti vt ca k khc, chim ly vi mun trm cp. Ba l t dm; ngi kia chnh mnh xm phm ti ngi n c cha gi gn, hoc c m gn gi, hoc c c cha v m gi gn, hoc c ch em gi gn, hoc c anh em gn gi, hoc c cha m chng2 gn gi, hoc c ngi thn thuc gn gi, hoc c ngi cng dng h gn gi; hoc c bo v bng e da hnh pht hay roi vt3, hoc c thu, hoc c ha hn, cho n ch mi nhn trng hoa lm tin. l ba nghip do thn c to bt thin, a n kh qu, th ly kh bo. Nhng g l bn nghip do ming c to bt thin, a n kh qu, th ly kh bo? Mt l ni di; ngi kia hoc gia m ng, hoc trong quyn thuc, hoc ti vng gia, nu c ai gi m hi rng: Ngi c bit th ni. Nhng n khng bit m ni l bit, bit ni l khng bit; khng thy ni l thy, thy ni khng thy. V mnh, v

Hn: c tc nghip . Hn: ph ph mu : cha m v. C l mun ni cha m ca nng du tc cha m chng. 3 Ngha l, c php lut bo v.
2

KINH T 98

ngi, hoc v ca ci, bit ri m li ni di. Hai l ni hai li; mun ly gin ngi khc nn nghe ni ngi ny em ni vi ngi kia v mun ph hoi ngi ny. Nghe ni ngi kia em ni vi ny v mun ph hoi ngi kia. Nhng k hp nhau th mun to ly tn; nhng k ly tn li mun cho xa ri kt b ng, vui thch b ng, khen ngi b ng. Ba l ni th c; ngi y nu c ni nng g th li l th tc, hung bo, ting d tri tai, khng ai mn ni, lm cho ngi khc phi kh no, khin cho khng c nh tm. Bn l ni li ph phim; ngi y ni khng ng lc, ni khng thnh tht, ni li khng ng ngha, ni li khng ng php, ni khng dn n tch tnh4, li cn khen ngi s khng tch tnh, tri ngc thi gian m li khng kho dy d, khng kho la mng. l bn nghip do ming c to, bt thin, a n kh qu, th ly kh bo. Nhng g ba nghip ca c to bt thin, a n kh qu, th ly kh bo? Mt, tham lam; thy ti vt v cc t c sinh sng ca ngi khc thng tham lam c mun sao cho c v ca mnh. Hai l sn nhu; trong m p on ght, ngh rng: chng sanh kia ng git, ng tri, ng bt, ng loi b, ng ui i, mong cho k kia th kh v lng. Ba l t kin; s kin in o, thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Khng c b th, khng c trai phc, khng c ch thuyt, khng c nghip thin c, khng c nghip bo thin c, khng c i ny, i sau; khng c cha m, trn i [438a] khng c bc chn nhn i n ch ch thin, kho vt qua, kho hng n, i ny v i sau m t chng tri, t gic ng, t thn tc chng, thnh tu v an tr. l ba nghip do c to bt thin, a n kh qu, th y kh bo. a vn Thnh t x b nghip bt thin ca thn, tu thn thin nghip, x b nghip bt thin ca ming v , tu thin nghip ming v . a vn Thnh t y gii c tinh tn nh vy, thnh tu tnh nghip ni thn, thnh tu tnh nghip ni ming v , la sn nhu, la no hi, t b ng ngh, khng tro c v cng cao, on nghi, vt kiu mn, chnh nim, chnh tr, khng cn ngu si, tm v y i i vi t, bin mn mt phng thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi hai, ba, bn phng v t duy, thng, h, bin mn, tm i i vi t, khng th
4

Hn: bt ch tc thuyt .

KINH T

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khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, qung i, v bin v lng, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ngi kia suy ngh rng: Tm ta xa kia vn nh hp, khng kho tu. Tm ta nay y kho tu, qung i, v lng. a vn Thnh t i vi tm v lng, kho tu tp nh vy, nu trc kia nhn c c tri thc, v phng dt m to nghip bt thin, nay nhng th y khng th li ko, khng th lm bn, khng cn [438b] i theo na. Gi s c mt tr th hoc trai hay gi c sanh ra, lin c th tu hnh t tm gii thot5, v sau thn, ming v c cn to nhng nghip bt thin na chng? Cc T-kheo tha rng: Bch Th Tn, khng th. V sao vy? T mnh khng lm nghip c th nghip c y do u m sanh? Do , ngi ti gia hay xut gia, nam hay n, thng phi sing tu t tm gii thot. Nu ngi ti gia hay xut gia, nam hay n y, tu t tm gii thot, th khng cn mang thn ny i n i sau m ch theo tm i khi ci ny. T-kheo nn ngh nh vy: Ta vn v bung lung m to nghip bt thin. Tt c nghip y c th th bo trong i ny, ch khng th i n i sau na. Nu c ngi thc hnh t tm gii thot rng ln v lng, kho tu tp nh vy, chc chn chng qu A-nahm, hoc chng cao hn na. Cng vy, tm bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, qung i, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ngi y suy ngh nh vy: Tm ta trc vn nh hp, khng kho tu tp. Tm ta nay y rng ln v lng, c kho tu tp. a vn Thnh t i vi tm v lng, kho tu tp nh vy, nu trc kia nhn c c tri thc, v phng dt m to nghip bt thin, nay nhng th y khng th li ko, khng th lm bn, khng cn i theo na. Gi s c mt tr th hoc trai hay gi c sanh ra, lin c th tu hnh x tm gii thot, v sau thn, ming v c cn to nhng nghip bt thin na chng? Cc T-kheo tha rng:
5

Hn: t tm gii thot . Pli: metta cetovimutti, tm gii thot vi t.

KINH T 100

Bch Th Tn, khng th. V sao vy? T mnh khng lm nghip c th nghip c y do u m sanh? Do , ngi ti gia hay xut gia, nam hay n, thng phi sing tu x tm gii thot. Nu ngi ti gia hay xut gia, nam hay n y, tu x tm gii thot, th khng cn mang thn ny i n i sau m ch theo tm i khi ci ny. T-kheo nn ngh nh vy: Ta vn v bung lung m to nghip bt thin. Tt c nghip y c th th bo trong i ny, ch khng th i n i sau na. Nu c ngi thc hnh x tm gii thot rng ln v lng, kho tu tp nh vy, chc chn chng qu A-nahm, hoc chng cao hn na. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

16. KINH GI-LAM Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti Gi-lam vin1, cng i chng T-kheo, n Ki-x T2, tr trong vn Thi-nhip-ha3, pha Bc thn Ki-x T. By gi nhng ngi Gi-lam Ki-x T nghe n Sa-mn C-m thuc dng h Thch, t b dng h Thch, xut gia hc o, ang tr ti Gi-lam vin, v cng i chng T-kheo n Ki-x T ny, tr trong rng Thi-nhip-ha pha Bc thn Ki-x T. V Sa-mn C-m y c ting tm ln, truyn khp mi phng rng: Sa-mn C-m l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. V y trong th gian ny gia Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, t loi ngi cho n loi tri, t tri t gic, t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr. Php m v y thuyt, khong u thin, khong gia thin, cu cnh cng thin, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh thanh tnh trn . Nu gp c c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic tn trng, l bi cng dng, tha s, th s c nhiu thin li. Chng ta hy cng nhau n gp Sa-mn C-m l bi, cng ng. Nhng ngi Gi-lam Ki-x T, nghe nh vy ri, mi ngi cng vi quyn thuc ca mnh ko nhau ra khi Ki-x T, i v pha Bc, ti rng Thi-nhip-ha. H mun gp c Th Tn l bi cng dng. i n ch Pht ng, nhng ngi Gi-lam y hoc c ngi l bi ci u di chn Pht [438c] ri ngi sang mt bn, hoc c ngi cho hi c Pht ri ngi sang mt bn, hoc c ngi chp tay hng n Pht ri ngi sang mt bn, hoc c ngi t ng xa thy c Pht ri im lng ngi xung. Lc , nhng ngi Gi-lam u ngi yn. c Pht thuyt php cho h, khai th, gio gii, khin cho hoan h, c li ch. Sau khi bng v
Gi-lam vin . Pli, A. i. 189: ti th trn ca nhng ngi Klma tn l Kesaputta, Kosala. 2 Ki-x t ; Pli: Kesaputta, xem cht. trn. 3 Thi-nhip-ha lm . Pli: Sisap.
1

KINH GIA LAM 102

lng phng tin thuyt php, khai th, gio gii, khin cho hoan h, c li ch, Ngi ngi im lng. By gi nhng ngi Gi-lam sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khai th, gio gii, khin cho hoan h, c li ch, h u t ch ngi ng dy, sa o trch vai bn hu, chp tay n hng c Pht, ri bch c Th Tn rng: Tha C-m, c mt v Sa-mn, B-la-mn i n Gi-lam ch t khen ngi tri kin ca mnh m ch bai tri kin ca ngi khc. Tha C-m, li c mt v Sa-mn, B-la-mn i n Gi-lam cng ch t khen ngi tri kin ca mnh m ch bai tri kin ca k khc. Tha C-m, chng ti nghe vy lin sanh nghi hoc: Nhng v Sa-mn, B-la-mn y, v no tht? V no h?4 c Th Tn ni rng: Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, cc ngi ch sanh nghi hoc.5 V sao vy? V nhn c nghi hoc lin sanh ra do d.6 Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, cc ngi t mnh khng c tnh tr bit c i sau hay khng c i sau. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, cc ngi cng khng c tnh tr bit iu lm c ti hay khng c ti. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, nn bit cc nghip c ba ci l nguyn nhn, l s tp khi, l cn bn l duyn ca n7. Nhng g l ba? Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, tham l nhn, l tp, l bn, l duyn

Pl.: ahudeva kakh, ahudeva vicikicch, (chng ti) hoi nghi v phn vn! Hn: mc sanh nghi hoc . Cf. Pli, A. i. 188: alahi vo, klm, kakhitu alam vicikicchium. Bt bin t ala y thng hiu theo ngha khng nh: Thch hp thay cho cc ngi, nhng ngi Klm, m hoi nghi! Ngha l, hoi nghi l ng. Nhng bn Hn hiu theo ngha tiu cc, trong cu cm ch: Thi ri m nghi hoc! Ngha l, ch c hoi nghi! on tr li ca Pht tip theo trong bn Pli l on kinh ni ting, rt ni ting, v s khng chp nhn gio iu, cho nn, y Pht chp nhn thi hoi nghi i vi nhng gio thuyt m mnh c nghe. 6 Pl.: kakhanyeva vicchikicch uppann. 7 Hn: tp nhn bn hu ; tc nhn, tp, duyn, sanh: bn hnh tng ca nhng ci lm nguyn nhn. Pli, thnh c: esva hetu eta nidna esa samudayo esa paccayo, l nhn, l (bn) duyn, l tp (khi), l duyn (sinh).
5

KINH GIA LAM

103

ca cc nghip. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, nhu v si l nhn, l tp, l bn, l duyn ca cc nghip. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, ngi c tham b tham che lp, 8 tm khng nhm , hoc st sanh, hoc ly ca khng cho, hoc hnh t dm, hoc bit m ni di, hoc li ung ru. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, ngi c nhu b nhu che lp, tm khng nhm , hoc st sanh, hoc ly ca khng cho, hoc hnh t dm, hoc bit m ni di, hoc li ung ru. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, ngi c si b si che lp, tm khng nhm , hoc st sanh, hoc ly ca khng cho, hoc hnh t dm, hoc bit m ni di, hoc li ung ru. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la vic git hi, dt b s git hi, dp b dao gy; c tm, c qu, c tm t bi, lm li ch cho tt c, cho n cn trng. V y i vi s st sanh, tm tr sch. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la vic ly ca khng cho, on tr vic ly ca khng cho; vui v trong vic nhn ca c cho, thng a s b th, vui v khng keo kit, khng mong ngi kia n tr. V y i vi vic ly ca khng cho, tm tr sch. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la vic phi phm hnh, on tr [439a]vic phi phm hnh; sing tu phm hnh, sing tu diu hnh, thanh tnh, khng u, ly dc, on dm. V y i vi vic vic phi phm hnh, tm tr sch. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la vic ni di, on tr s ni di; ni li chn tht, a thch s chn tht, an tr ni chn tht khng di ng, tt c nhng iu v y ni u ng tin, khng la gt th gian. V y i vi vic ni di, tm tr sch. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la s ni hai li, on tr vic ni hai li, khng ph hoi k khc, khng nghe ni ngi ny ni li ngi kia mun ph hoi ngi ny, khng nghe ni ngi kia ni li vi ngi ny mun ph hoi ngi kia; nhng ngi xa la nhau th mun kt hp li, thy ngi kt hp li th vui v, khng kt b ng, khng khen vic kt b ng. V y i vi vic vic ni hai li, tm
8

Pl. ibid.: luddho purisapuggalo lobhena abhibhto, ngi xan tham b tham lam khng ch.

KINH GIA LAM 104

tr sch. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la vic ni th c, on tr vic ni th c. Nu c nhng li m t kh th bo, m thanh hung d tri tai, mi ngi khng vui, mi ngi khng a, lm cho ngi khc kh no, lm cho h khng c an n, v y on tr nhng li ni nh vy. Nu c nhng li ha nh du dng, xui tai, i su vo lng ngi, ng thch, ng yu, lm cho ngi kia an lc, m thnh va r rng, khng lm cho ngi kia s st, lm cho ngi kia c an n, v y ni nhng li nh vy. V y i vi vic ni li th c, tm tnh tr. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim; ni ng lc, ng s tht, ni ng php, ni ng ngha, ni v tch tnh, a ni v tch tnh, hp vic, hp thi, thch nghi, kho dy d, kho qu ry. V y i vi vic ni ph phim, tm tnh tr. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la tham lam, on tr tham lam, khng m lng no hi, thy ca ci v cc nhu cu sinh sng ca ngi khc khng mng lng tham lam, mun cho c tr v mnh. V y i vi vic tham lam tm tnh tr. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la sn nhu, on tr sn nhu, c tm, c qu, c tm t bi, lm li ch cho tt c, cho n loi cn trng. V y i vi sn nhu tm tnh tr. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t xa la t kin, on tr t kin, thc hnh chnh kin, khng in o; thy nh vy, ni nh vy: C s b th, c s trai phc, v cng c ch thuyt, c nghip thin c, c nghip bo thin c. C i ny v i sau. C cha, c m, trn i c nhng bc chn nhn i n thin x, kho vt qua, kho hng n, trong i ny v i sau m t tri t gic, t tc chng thnh tu v an tr. V y i vi vic t kin, tm tnh tr. Ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t thnh tu tnh nghip ni thn, thnh tu tnh nghip ni khu v . Xa la nhu, xa la no hi, tr b thy min, [439b] khng tro c, cng cao, on tr nghi, vt qua mn, chnh nim, chnh tr, khng c ngu si; tm v y tng ng vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, trong hai,

KINH GIA LAM

105

ba, bn phng, t duy, thng, h, cng khp tt c, tm tng ng vi t, khng th, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rt rng ln, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, tm bi, h; tm tng ng vi x, khng th khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, ny cc ngi Gilam, a vn Thnh t tm khng th, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, lin c bn tr x an n9. Nhng g l bn? Nu c i ny i sau, c qu bo ca nghip thin v c. 10 Khi ta c nghip tng ng vi chnh kin ny ri, ta th tr y , thn hoi mng chung chc chn sanh n thin x, cho n sanh ln cc ci tri. Nh vy, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi; l tr x an n th nht. Li na, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, Nu khng c i ny v i sau, khng c qu bo ca nghip thin v c.11 Nh vy, ta ngay trong i ny khng phi do c y m b ngi khc bi bc; nhng li c bc chnh tr khen ngi, ngi tinh tn, ngi c chnh kin ni l c. Nh vy, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng no hi, l c tr x an n th hai. Li na, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, Nu c to tc g, chc chn ta khng c to c,12 ta khng nim c. V sao vy? V t mnh khng to c, kh do u m sanh? Nh vy, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng no hi; l tr x an n th ba. Li na, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, Nu c to tc, chc chn ta khng to

Hn: an n tr x : t tc x. Pli: asssa, s ngh ngi (ly li hi th qun bnh), s bnh an. 10 Pl.: sace kho pana atthi paraloka, gi s c th gii khc (i sau). 11 Pl.: sace kho pana natthi paraloko, natthi sukatadukatna kammna phala vipko, gi s khng c th gii khc, khng c qu d thc ca nhng nghip thin hay bt thin. 12 Pl. : sace kho pana karoto karyati ppa, na kho panha kassaci ppa cetemi, gi s c lm iu g c, nhng ta khng c c i vi bt c ai.

KINH GIA LAM 106

c, nhng ta khng phm i, d k s hay k khng s,13 lun lun nn thng xt tt c th gian, tm ta khng tranh chp vi tt c th gian, khng vn c, nhng hn hoan. Nh vy, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng no hi; l tr x an n th t. Nh vy, ny cc ngi Gi-lam, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng sn hn, khng no hi; l c bn tr x an n. Nhng ngi Gi-lam bch Pht: Tha C-m, ng vy, a vn Thnh t tm khng th, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, lin c bn tr x an n. Nhng g l bn? Nu c i ny i sau, c qu bo ca nghip thin v c. Khi ta c nghip [439c] tng ng vi chnh kin ny ri, ta th tr y , thn hoi mng chung chc chn sanh n thin x cho n sanh ln cc ci tri. Nh vy, tha C-m, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi; l tr x an n th nht. Li na, tha C-m, Nu khng c i ny v i sau, khng c qu bo ca nghip thin v c. Nh vy, ta ngay trong i ny khng phi do c y m b ngi khc bi bc; nhng li c bc chnh tr khen ngi, ngi tinh tn, ngi c chnh kin ni l c. Nh vy, tha Cm, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng no hi, l c tr x an n th hai. Li na, tha C-m, Nu c to tc g, chc chn ta khng c to c, ta khng nim c. V sao vy? V t mnh khng to c, kh do u m sanh? Nh vy, tha C-m, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng no hi; l tr x an n th ba. Li na, tha C-m, Nu c to tc, chc chn ta khng to c, ta khng phm i s hay khng s, lun lun nn thng xt tt c th gian, tm ta khng tranh chp vi tt c th gian, khng vn c, nhng hn hoan. Nh vy, tha C-m, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt,
13

Hn: b d bt b , ch ngi run s tc k yu, v ngi vng vng tc k mnh. Pli: yvha na kici vybdhemi tasa v thvara v, ta khng lm hi ci g c, d ng vt hay bt ng vt.

KINH GIA LAM

107

khng on, khng no hi; l tr x an n th t. Nh vy, tha C-m, a vn Thnh t tm khng kt, khng on, khng sn hn, khng no hi; l c bn tr x an n. Tha C-m, chng con bit. Bch Thin Th, chng con hiu. Bch Th Tn, chng con trn i t quy y vi Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo. Duy nguyn Th Tn chp nhn cho chng con lm u-btc, bt u t hm nay, trn i t quy y, cho n lc mng chung. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tt c nhng ngi Gi-lam v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

17. KINH GI-DI-NI Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti Na-lan-1, xm Tng, rng Ni2. By gi A-t-la thin c ngi con l Gi-di-ni3, sc tng uy nghi, chi sng rc r, lc m gn v sng, i n ni c Pht, ci ly di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn. Gi-di-ni, con tri A-t-la bch Pht rng: Bch Th Tn, cc ngi B-la-mn t cao,4 th chng y tri5. H cho rng, nu c chng sanh no mng chung, h c th lm cho [440a] t do qua li cc thin x, sanh ln ci tri6. Th Tn l Php ch, mong Th Tn lm cho chng sanh khi mng chung i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. Th Tn bo rng: Ny Gi-di-ni, nay Ta hi ng, ty theo s hiu bit m tr li. Ny Gidi-ni, ng ngh th no? Nu trong thn p, hoc c k nam, ngi n bing nhc, khng tinh tn, li hnh c php, thnh tu mi loi nghip

bn: Na-nan- vin ; TNM: Na-nan- quc ; Pli: Nand. 2 Tng thn Ni lm . Pli: Pvarika-ambavana, l mt vn xoi ca Pavrika, mt ph ho ngi Kosambi. Trong vn xoi ti th trn Nlanda, ng dng mt tnh x cng dng Pht. 3 Hn: A-t-la thin Gi-di-ni - . Pli (S.iv. 311): Asibandakaputta-Gmai, thn trng Asibandakaputta. Bn Hn hiu gmai (thn trng) l t ring, v Asibandha l mt thin thn. 4 Hn: Phm ch t cao. Pl.: brhma pacchbhmak, nhng ngi B-la-mn phng Ty; bn Hn c l paccabhmaka? 5 Hn: s nhc can thin . Nhng ngi Pacchbhmaka th la (aggiparicrak), th nc (udakohak, li xung nc thanh ty), v nhiu ttp tc khc, m Hn ch tm tt ni th mt s Tri. 6 Bn Pli ni, theo tp qun cc B-la-mn phng Ty (Pacchbhmaka), nu c nhng ngi cht h ch cn gi tn l nhng ngi ny c sanh ln ci tri.

KINH GIA-DI-NI

110

o bt thin, l st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin. Ngi y khi mng chung, nu c s ng ngi n, thy u chp tay hng v ngi ku gi, van ln, ni nh th ny: Cc ngi, nam hoc n, bing nhc, khng sing nng, li hnh c php, thnh tu mi loi nghip o bt thin l st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm ni di, cho n t kin. Mong cc ngi nhn vic ny, duyn vic ny, khi thn hoi mng chung tt i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. Nh vy, ny Gi-di-ni, nhng ngi nam hay n bing nhc kia, khng sing nng, li hnh c php, thnh tu mi loi nghip o bt thin l st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin; c th no v c s ng ngi u n chp tay hng v chng m ku gi, van ln, nhn vic y, duyn vic y m lc thn hoi mng chung li c i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri khng? Gi-di-ni tha rng: Khng th c, bch Th Tn. Pht khen rng: Lnh thay, Gi-di-ni, v sao th? Nhng ngi nam hay n kia, bing nhc, khng sing nng, li thc hnh c php, thnh tu mi loi nghip o bt thin l st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin. Nu c s ng ngi n chp tay hng v chng, m ku gi, van ln, nhn vic y, duyn vic y khi thn hoi mng chung li c i n thin x sanh ln ci tri. Vic khng th c. Ny Gi-di-ni, cng nh cch thn khng bao xa, c vc nc su, ni c mt ngi m tng ln v nng nm vo trong nc. Nu c s ng ngi n u chp tay hng v tng m ku gi van ln, ni nh th ny: Mong tng ni ln, mong tng ni ln. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no? Tng ln nng y c th no v c s ng ngi n u chp tay hng v n v ku gi van ln, nhn vic , duyn vic m s ni ln khng? Gi-di-ni tr li rng: Khng th c, bch Th Tn! Cng vy, ny Gi-di-ni, nhng ngi nam hay n kia bing nhc, khng tinh tn, li thc hnh c php, thnh tu mi loi nghip o bt thin l st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin,

KINH GIA-DI-NI 111

nu c s ng ngi u n chp tay hng v chng m ku gi, van ln, nhn vic , duyn vic m lc thn hoi mng chung, c i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri; iu khng th c c. V sao th? [440b] Bi v mi loi nghip o bt thin ny vn en, c qu bo en, t nhin i thng xung, chc chn i n c x. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no? Nu nh trong thn p hoc c ngi nam hay n, tinh tn sing tu, li thc hnh diu php thnh tu mi nghip o thin l xa la vic git, on tr vic git, xa la ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n xa la t kin, c chnh kin. Ngi y khi mng chung nu c s ng ngi n u chp tay hng v ngi m ku gi van ln, ni nh th ny: Ny cc ngi, nam hoc n, cc ngi tinh tn sing tu, li thc hnh diu php, thnh tu mi nghip o thin l xa la vic git, on tr vic git, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin cng u xa la, on tr t kin, c chnh kin. Cc ngi nhn vic , duyn vic m khi thn hoi mng chung, hy i n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no? Cc ngi nam n kia, tinh tn sing tu li thc hnh diu php, thnh tu mi nghip o thin l xa la vic git, on tr vic git, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin, on tr t kin, c chnh kin. C th no v b s ng ngi n chp tay hng v ngi m ca ngi cu xin, nhn vic , duyn vic , m khi thn hoi mng chung s i n c x, sanh vo a ngc khng? Gi-di-ni tr li rng: Khng th c, bch Th Tn! Th Tn khen rng. Lnh thay, Gi-di-ni! V sao vy? Ny Gi-di-ni, nhng ngi nam hay n kia sing nng tinh tn, li thc hnh diu php, thnh tu mi nghip thin o l xa la vic git, on tr vic git, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin u xa la, c chnh kin. Nu c s ng ngi n chp tay hng v ngi m ku gi van ln, nhn vic , duyn vic m khi thn hoi mng chung s i n c x, sanh vo a ngc. iu ny khng th c. V sao vy? Ny Gi-di-ni, bi v mi nghip o thin l trng, c qu

KINH GIA-DI-NI

112

bo trng, t nhin thng ln, chc chn n thin x. Ny Gi-di-ni, cng nh cch thn khng xa c vc nc su, ni c ngi em h du nm vo nc; h b v, snh cn chm xung, du b ni ln trn. Cng vy, ny Gi-di-ni, nhng ngi nam hay n kia tinh tn sing tu, li thc hnh diu php, thnh tu mi nghip o thin l xa la vic git, on tr vic git, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n xa la t kin, on tr t kin, c chnh kin. Ngi y khi mng chung, thn th l sc th nng, thuc v bn i, do cha m sanh, nui ln bng cm o, chng da khi ngi nm, chm sc bng tm gi, l php ph hoi, l php dit tn, l php ly tn. Sau khi mng chung, hoc chim qu ra m, hoc [440c] hm si n, hoc b t, hoc b chn. Tt c tr thnh ct bi. Tm thc ca ngi y thng c hun tp bi tn, tinh tn, a vn, b th, tr tu. Ngi y, nhn vic y, duyn vic y m t nhin thng ln cao, sanh n thin x. Ny Gi-di-ni, ngi y i vi vic st sanh, xa la vic git, on tr vic git. l con ng vn hoa 7, con ng thng tn, con ng thin x. Ny Gi-di-ni, cng vy i vi s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n t kin, xa la t kin, c chnh kin. l con ng vn hoa, con ng thng tn, con ng thin x. Ny Gi-di-ni, li c con ng vn hoa, con ng thng tn, con ng thin x. Th no l li c con ng vn hoa, con ng thng tn, con ng thin x? l Thnh o tm chi. T chnh kin cho n chnh nh; l tm. Ny Gi-di-ni, l li c con ng vn hoa, con ng thng tn, con ng thin x. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Gi-di-ni v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.8 q
Hn: vin qun chi o , c l uyyna (Pli, vn hoa) c do gc ng t uyyti: xut pht. Sanskrti: udyna: vn hoa, cng c ngha tin ln (ud + Y). 8 Bn hn, ht quyn 3.
7

18. KINH S T Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc T-x-li, bn b ao Di hu1, trong mt ngi nh sn2. (i) By gi mt s ng b tc Li-xa3 T-x-li vn tp ni snh ng, nhiu ln tn thn Pht, nhiu ln tn thn Php v Chng T-kheo. Lc y i thn S T, t Ni-kin4, cng trong chng . By gi i thn S T mun n thm ving c Pht cng dng l bi. i thn S T trc ht i n ch cc Ni-kin, tha vi cc Ni-kin rng: Tha ch Tn, ti mun thm ving Sa-mn C-m. Khi y cc Ni-kin qu S T rng: ng ch n thm Sa-mn [441a] C-m. V sao vy? Sa-mn Cm c tng ch bt kh tc5, v cng ging cho mi ngi v php bt kh tc6. Ny S T, nu thm ving ngi c tng ch bt kh tc s khng c may mn; cng dng l bi cng s khng c may mn. S ng Li-xa T-x-li ba ln vn tp ni thnh ng, nhiu ln tn thn Pht, nhiu ln tn thn Php v Chng T-kheo. Lc y i thn S T, t Ni-kin, cng ba ln trong chng . By gi i thn S T cng li ba ln mun n thm ving c Pht, cng dng, l bi. (ii) Ri i thn S T khng co t cc Ni-kin na, m i thng n ch Pht, cng cho hi ri ngi xung mt bn v ni nh vy:
1

Hn: Di hu thy bin . Khng thy a danh ny trng Pli. Hn: Cao lu i qun . Pli: kagrasla, ngi nh lu, thng gi l Trng cc ging ng . 3 L-x : Li-xa hoc L-xa . Pli: Licchavi. 4 Hn: Ni-kin t S T i thn . T phn 42 (tr. 871b10): T-ha tng qun . Pli: Tng qun Sha t ca Nigaha. 5 Hn: tng bn bt kh tc . Pli: akiriyavda, ch trng phi tc nghip, khng hnh ng hay khng thc tin. Trong kinh, hm iu khng nn lm hay khng c tc dng, tc ch trng khng hnh ng. 6 Hn: bt kh tc php . Pli: akiriyya dhammam.
2

KINH S T

116

(ii.1) Ti nghe rng Sa-mn C-m c tng ch bt kh tc, v cng em php bt kh tc ging cho ngi khc. Tha C-m, nu c ngi ni nh vy: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch bt kh tc; cng em php bt kh tc ging cho ngi khc. Ngi h khng hy bng Sa-mn C-m chng? Ngi y c ni ng s tht khng? Ngi y ni c ng php chng? Ngi y ni ng php v nh php7 chng? i vi nh php, khng c sai lm v khng b ch trch chng? c Th Tn p: (ii.2.1) Ny S T, nu c ai ni nh vy: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch bt kh tc, v cng em bt kh tc ging cho mi ngi, ngi y khng hy bng Sa-mn C-m, ngi y ni s tht, ngi y ni ng php, ngi y ni php nh php, i vi nh php khng c sai lm, cng khng b ch trch. V sao vy, ny S T, c mt s kin m, nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch bt kh tc, v cng em php bt kh tc y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kh tc8 v cng em php kh tc y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch on dit 9 v cng em php kinh tm y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kinh tm10 v cng em php kinh tm y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php
thuyt php nh php . Pli: dhammassa cnudhamma vykarontu, thuyt minh ty php ca php, tc l ni theo iu c Pht ni (S gii: bhagav vuttakraassa anukraa kathenti). 8 Hn: tng bn kh tc . Pli: kiriyavda. 9 Hn: tng bn on dit . Pli: ucchedavda. 10 Hn: tng bn kh (tng) () . Pli: jigucch, tc ch trng kh hnh.
7

KINH S T 117

nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch php lut 11 v cng em php v php lut y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kh hnh12 v cng em [44ab] php kh hnh y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch khng nhp thai13 v cng em php khng nhp thai y ni cho ngi khc. Ny S T, li c mt s kin na m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch an n14 v cng em php an n y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.1) Ny S T, th no l C mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch bt kh tc, v cng em php bt kh tc y ni cho ngi khc? Ny S T, Ta ni thn c hnh l khng nn lm, 15 khu v c hnh cng khng nn lm. Ny S T, nu c v lng php cu u bt thin tng t nh vy, lm ci gc cho cc hu trong tng lai, lm nhn cho qu bo kh, nng bc, v lm nhn cho sanh, gi, bnh, cht, ny S T, Ta ni php y ht thy khng nn lm. Ny S T, l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng, khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch bt kh tc, v cng em php bt kh tc y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.2) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kh tc v cng em tng ch kh tc y ni cho ngi khc? Ny
11

Hn: tng bn php lut . Pli: venayika, s ch ng. Hn: tng bn kh hnh . Pli: tapass. 13 Hn: tng bn bt nhp thai . Pli: apagabbo. 14 Hn: tng bn an n . Pli: assattha, t tc, an tc, s ngh ngi. 15 Thn c hnh l bt kh tc. Pl.: akiriya kyaduccaritassa.
12

KINH S T

118

S T, Ta ni thn diu hnh l nn lm, khu v diu hnh l nn lm. Ny S T, nu c v lng php thin tng ng nh vy, s mang li lc qu, c th lc bo, sanh v thin x c trng th. Ny S T, Ta ni, tt c nhng php ny u nn lm. Ny S T, l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kh tc v cng em php kh tc y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.3) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch on dit v cng em php on dit y ni cho ngi khc? Ny S T, Ta ni thn c hnh nn on dit; khu, c hnh nn on dit.16 Ny S T, nu c v lng php cu u, bt thin nh vy, lm ci gc cho ci hu trong tng lai, lm nhn cho kh bo, phin nhit, v cho sanh, gi, bnh, cht. Ny S T, Ta ni tt c cc php y nn on dit. Ny S T, l c mt s kin m, nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch on dit, v cng em php on dit y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.4) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin m nhn s kin y, i vi php nh tht khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kinh tm v cng em php kinh tm y [441c] ni cho ngi khc? Ny S T, Ta ni thn c hnh, nn kinh tm; khu, c hnh nn kinh tm. Ny S T, nu c v lng php cu u bt thin tng t nh vy, lm ci gc cho hu trong tng lai, lm nhn cho kh bo, phin nhit, v cho sanh, gi, bnh, cht. Ny S T, Ta ni nhng php y u nn kinh tm. Ny S T, l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht khng th hy bng rng: Samn C-m c tng ch kinh tm, v cng em php kinh tm y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.5) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin, nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch php lut cng em php lut y ni cho ngi khc? Ny S T, v mc ch on tham dm m Ta ni php lut. V mc ch on sn
Pl.: uccheda vdmi rgassa dosassa mohassa, Ta ni on dit tham, on dit sn, on dit si.
16

KINH S T 119

nhu v ngu si m Ta ni l php lut. Ny S T, nu v lng php cu u bt thin, tng t nh vy, lm ci gc cho hu trong tng lai, lm nhn cho kh bo, phin nhit, v cho sanh, gi, bnh, cht, ny S T, v mc ch on tr nhng s kin y m Ta ni php lut. Ny S T, l c mt s kin m nhn s kin y, i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch php lut, cng em tng ch php lut y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.6) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kh hnh v cng em php kh hnh y ni cho ngi khc? Ny S T, hoc c B-la-mn Sa-mn la hnh, khng y phc 17 hoc dng tay lm y phc, hoc ly l lm y phc, hoc ly ht chu lm y phc; hoc khng mc nc bng bnh, hoc khng mc nc bng go; khng n n xc xa bng dao gy, khng n n la di, khng t mnh n, khng lm khch c mi 18 , khng lm khch c cho n 19 , khng lm khch c lu 20 , khng n t gia hai ngi ang n, khng n ti nh c thai21, khng n t nh c nui ch, khng n t nh c lng xanh bay n; khng n c, khng n tht, khng ung ru, khng ung nc dm22, hoc khng ung g c, hc tp hnh khng ung; hoc n mt ming, cho mt ming

on trnh by cc li kh hnh ny ging kinh 104 sau. Bn Pli tng ng khng c on ny. Cc ch thch di y tham chiu D.24 Udumbarikashanda-suttanta. Xem thm No 1(25): La hinh phm ch (tr.103btt). 18 Hn: bt lai tn . Pli: na-ehi-bhadantika, khng l Tn gi c gi: Mi n y! 19 Hn: bt thin tn . Khng thy c Pli tng ng. C l: na-sdhubhadantika, khng l Tn gi c cho n: Lnh thay, Tn gi! 20 Hn: bt tr tn . Pli: na-tiha-bhadantika, khng l Tn gi c mi mc: Hy li y, Tn gi! 21 Hn: bt hoi nhm gia thc . Pli: na gabbhiniy (paigahti), khng (nhn thc n) t ngi n b mang thai. 22 Hn: c thy . Pli: thusodaka, nc ln men.

17

KINH S T

120

l 23, hoc n hai, ba, bn, cho n by ming, v cho by ming l , hoc n bi mt ln nhn c24, v cho n mt ln nhn c l , hoc n bi hai, ba bn cho n by ln nhn c v cho by ln nhn c l , hoc n ngy mt ln v cho mt ln l , hoc hai, ba, bn, nm, su, by ngy, na thng, hay mt thng, n mt ln v cho mt ln l ; hoc n c25, hoc n la c26, hoc n np tu, hoc n [442a] cm, hoc n go u-u-la27, hoc n n th; hoc n ch v s28, y ni v s; hoc n r, hoc n tri, hoc n qu t rng; hoc mc o khu th vi29, hoc mc o lng, hoc mc o vi u-x30, hoc mc o vi u-x bng lng, hoc mc bng da nguyn, hoc mc da c xoi l, hoc mc da ton xoi l; hoc tc xa, hoc tc bn, hoc tc va xa va bn, hoc ch co tc, hoc ch co ru, hoc co c ru tc, hoc nh tc, hoc nh ru, hoc nh c ru tc, hoc ch ng thng khng h ngi, hoc i chm hm, hoc nm gai, ly gai lm ging; hoc nm tri31, ly tri lm ging; hoc th nc, ngy m ly tay vc; hoc th la, ngy m t ln; hoc th mt tri, mt trng, th ng Tn Hu i c, chp tay hng v. So nh vy thi phi chu v lng kh, hc hnh phin lao. Ny S T, c nhng kh hnh nh vy, ch Ta chng ni l khng c. Ny S T, nhng nhng kh hnh nh vy l nhng nghip h tin, rt kh, rt khn, l s thc hnh ca ngi phm phu, khng phi Thnh o. Ny S T, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn i vi cc php kh hnh
Pli: ekgriko v hoti eklopiko, mi nh ch nhn mt ming n. Hn: thc nht c . Pli: ekisspi dattiy ypeti, ch sng bng mt vt c cho. 25 Hn: thi nh . Pli: skabhakkho. 26 Hn: bi t , loi c ging nh la. Pli: smka. 27 Hn: u-u-la . Pli: daddula. 28 Hn: ch v s x , n ni rng vng? Khng thy Pli tng ng. Tham chiu: vana-mla-palhro ypeti. 29 Hn: lin hip y . Pli: masni, vi gai ln cc vi khc. 30 Hn: u-x y . Pli: dussa, vi th cha nhum mu. 31 Hn: nga qu . Pli: phalaka, (nm trn) tm vn. Bn Hn hiu phala(ka) l tri cy.
24 23

KINH S T 121

y m bit r, on tr, dit tn v nh sch gc r ca chng n rt cng, khng cho sanh ra, Ta ni rng nhng ngi kia l kh hnh32. Ny S T, c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, i vi cc php kh hnh y bit r, on tr, dit tn, nh tt c gc r ca chng n rt cng khng cho sanh ra na, do Ta l ngi kh hnh. Ny S T, l s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch kh hnh, v cng em php kh hnh y ni cho ngi khc. (iii.7) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch khng nhp thai, v cng em php khng nhp thai y ni cho ngi khc? Ny S T, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no i vi s thai sanh trong tng lai33 m bit r, on tr, dit tn, nh tuyt gc r ca n, cho n rt cng khng cho sanh ra na, Ta ni rng ngi kia khng cn vo thai. Ny S T, c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, i vi thai sanh trong tng lai bit r, on tr, dit tn, nh tuyt gc r ca n, cho n rt cng khng cho sanh ra na, do Ta khng cn vo thai na. Ny S T, l mt s kin m nhn s kin , i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch khng nhp thai v cng em php khng nhp thai ni cho ngi khc. (iii.8) Ny S T, th no l c mt s kin, m nhn s kin i vi php nh tht, khng th hy bng khi ni rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch an n v cng em php an n ni cho ngi khc? [442b] Ny S T, c mt thin gia nam t no co b ru tc, mc o c sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, ch v mc ch thnh tu phm hnh v thng, ngay trong hin ti ny m t tri, t gic, t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh
32

Pli: yassa... tapaniy ppak akusal dhamm pahn... tam aha tapass ti vadmi, ai on tr nhng php c bt thin thiu t hnh h ny, Ta gi la ngfi kh hnh. T tapass, ngi kh hnh, owr y c hiu do ggc ng t tappati: b thiu t, binh hnh h. 33 Pl.: yati gabbhaseyy punabbhavbhinibbatti, s chuyn sanh ca ng lai

hu dn n nhp thai trong tng lai.

KINH S T

122

dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Ta t an n v cng an n cho cc T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, u-b-tc, u-b-di khc. Ta an n v lm cho chng sanh l thuc vo s sanh gii thot s sanh y; chng sanh l thuc vo gi, tt bnh, s cht, u su, nhim, c s gii thot khi u su nhim y. Ny S T, l c mt s kin m nhn s kin khng th hy bng i vi php nh tht rng: Sa-mn C-m c tng ch an n v cng em php an n y ni cho ngi khc. (v) By gi, i thn S T bch Th Tn rng: Bch C-m, con bit. Bch Thin Th, con hiu. Bch C-m, cng nh ngi c mt t, ci g p th gi ln, ci g che kn th m ra, ch ng cho ngi m, em nh sng n ch ti, cho ai c mt sng lin thy mu sc. Sa-mn C-m cng li nh vy, bng v lng phng tin, thuyt php cho con, by t ngha l, ty theo cc o34. Bch C-m, nay con xin quy y Pht, quy y Php v Chng T-kheo, ci mong Th Tn nhn con lm u-b-tc; k t hm nay, trn i t quy y, cho n khi mng chung. Bch Th Tn, cng nh c ngi nui mt con nga bt lng, m mong c s li ch, ch ung cng nhc nhn m chng c s li ch g c. Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Cc Ni-kin ngu si kia, con khng kho hiu bit, khng th t bit, khng nhn c u l rung tt, m li khng t suy xt, mi th knh, cng dng, l bi trng c li ch, ch nhc m v ch. Bch Th Tn, nay con mt ln na xin t quy Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo. Ci mong c Th Tn nhn con lm u-b-tc, k t hm nay, trn i t quy y, cho n mng chung. Bch Th Tn, con vn khng hiu nn i vi cc Ni-kin ngu si kia c s tin tng v knh trng, v t nay chm dt. V sao th? V h la di con. Bch Th Tn, nay con ln th ba, xin t quy y ni Pht, quy y
34

Hn: ty k ch o . on vn tng t trong thnh c Pli khng tm thy ngha tng ng: () evameva bhot gotamena anekapariyyena dhammo paksito, bng v s phng tin Tn Giat Gotama soi sng php nh vy nh vy.

KINH S T 123

Php, v Chng T-kheo. Ci mong Th Tn nhn con lm u-b-tc, k t hm nay, trn i t quy y, cho n mng chung.35 Pht thuyt nh vy. i thn S T v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Pli (A.iv. 185) v T phn 42 (tr.871c21) u c thm on Pht khuyn S T thn trng trc khi ci gio. T phn: ng l i thn ca mt nc, c mi ngi bit n, ang hu ch cho nhiu ngi, ch c hnh ng khinh sut m sau ny hi hn.

35

19. KINH NI-KIN [442c1] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht sng gia nhng ngi h Thch1, trong Thin p2. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc Ni-kin thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Nhng g m con ngi cm th u do nhn to tc t trc3. Nu nhng nghip c ca chng do nhn kh hnh m dit v khng to tc ci mi na, th cc nghip y dt sch. Cc nghip dt sch th cc kh c dt sch. Cc kh c dt sch th t n kh bin4. Ta lin n cc v y; n ri lin hi: Ny cc Ni-kin, phi chng cc v thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Nhng g m con ngi cm th u do nhn to tc t trc. Nu nhng nghip c ca chng do nhn kh hnh m dit v khng to tc ci mi na, th cc nghip y dt sch. Cc nghip dt sch th cc kh c dt sch. Cc kh c dt sch th t n kh bin? H tr li rng: ng nh vy, C-m. Ta li hi cc v Ni-kin kia rng: Cc v t c tnh tr hay khng, bit rng, trc kia ta c hay khng c? Trc kia ta to c hay khng to c? Ta chng y kh dit tn, hay chng y kh cha dit tn; v nu chng y dit tn th s dit tn tt c5? Chnh ngay trong i hin ti m on cc php bt thin v
Thch-ki-su , xem cht.1, kinh s 12 trn. Thin p . Pli: t lc tn l Devadaha (Thin t, cnh tay tri) ca ngi h Thch., sinh qun thn mu ca c Thch Tn; vn Lm-t-ni cng gn . 3 Nhn bn tc . Pli (M. ii. 214): pubbekatahetu, nguyn nhn c lm i trc. 4 Pli, ibid: dukkhakkhay vedankkhayo; vedankkhay sabba dukkha nijjia bhavisat ti, do kh dit tn nn th dit tn; do th dit tn nn ht thy kh tuyt dit. 5 Hn: nhc tn d, tin c tn . Pl., ibid.: ettakahi v dukkhe
2 1

KINH NI-KIEN 126

to tc cc thin php, tu tp v tc chng chng? H tr li rng: Khng phi vy, C-m! Ta li hi cc Ni-kin kia rng: Cc v t mnh khng c tnh tr bit rng: Trc kia ta c hay khng c? Trc kia ta to c hay khng to c? Ta chng y kh dit tn, hay chng y kh cha dit tn; v nu chng y dit tn th s dit tn tt c? Chnh ngay trong i hin ti m on cc php bt thin v to tc cc thin php, tu tp v tc chng chng? Nhng cc v li ni rng: Nhng g m con ngi cm th u do nhn to tc t trc. Nu nhng nghip c ca chng do nhn kh hnh m dit v khng to tc ci mi na, th cc nghip y dt sch. Cc nghip dt sch th cc kh c dt sch. Cc kh c dt sch th t n kh bin. Ny cc v Ni-kin, nu cc v t c tnh tr bit rng: Trc kia ta c hay khng c? Trc kia ta to c hay khng to c? Ta chng y kh dit tn, hay chng y kh cha dit tn; v nu chng y dit tn th s dit tn tt c? Chnh ngay trong i hin ti m on cc php bt thin v to tc cc thin php, tu tp v tc chng chng? Th ny cc Ni-kin, cc v mi c th ni nh vy: Nhng g m con ngi cm th u do nhn to tc t trc. Nu nhng nghip c ca chng do nhn kh hnh m dit v khng to tc ci mi na, th cc nghip y dt sch. Cc nghip dt sch th cc kh c dt sch. Cc kh c dt sch th t n kh bin. Ny Ni-kin, cng nh c ngi m thn th b trng tn c. V trng tn c nn rt au n. Ngi y c quyn thuc yu mn xt thng, [443a] mun em li s thin ch, an n, nn lp tc mi v y s nh tn n6. V y s lin ly dao bn gii phu vt thng; do s phu thut vt thng nn li rt au n. Sau khi gii phu vt thng, lin tm mi
nijjie sabba dukkha nijjia bhavissati, trong khi chng y kh c dit tn, tt c kh s c dit tn. 6 Bt tin kim y . Pli: bhisakko sallakatto, y s nh tn, hay y s gii phu.

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tn7; khi tm mi tn, li cng rt au n. Tm c mi tn, lin lp tc nh ra; lc nh ra y li cng au n thm. Nh mi tn ra ri, y vt thng li v bng b. Khi bng b vt thng, li cng au n hn. Sau khi nh c mi tn ra, ngi y khe mnh, khng bnh hon, cc cn khng h hoi, bnh phc nh c. Ny cc Ni-kin, ngi y c sn khn ngoan nn lin suy ngh nh vy: Ta trc kia b trng tn c. V trng tn c nn rt au n. Ta c quyn thuc yu mn xt thng, mun em li s thin ch, an n, nn lp tc mi v y s nh tn n. V y s lin ly dao bn gii phu vt thng; do s phu thut vt thng nn li rt au n. Sau khi gii phu vt thng, lin tm mi tn; khi tm mi tn, li cng rt au n. Tm c mi tn, lin lp tc nh ra; lc nh ra li cng au n thm. Nh mi tn ra ri, y vt thng li v bng b. Khi bng b vt thng, li cng au n hn. Ta sau khi m mi tn ra ri, c khe mnh, khng bnh hon, cc cn khng h hoi, tr li bnh thng nh c. Cng vy, ny Ni-kin, nu cc v c tnh tr, vy c bit rng: Trc kia ta c hay khng c, trc kia ta to c hay khng to c? Ta b chng y kh l ht hay b chng y kh vn cha ht. Nu ht ri s c ht kh vnh vin? Chnh ngay trong i ny m on cc php bt thin v to c cc thin php tu tp v tc chng chng? Th ny cc Ni-kin, cc v mi c th ni rng: Nhng g m con ngi cm th u do nhn to tc t trc. Nu nhng nghip c ca chng do nhn kh hnh dit m khng to nghip mi na, th cc nghip y s chm dt. Cc nghip chm dt th cc kh s chm dt, cc kh c chm dt th t n kh bin. Ta hi nh vy m khng thy cc Ni-kin no c th tr li Ta rng: Ny C-m, ng nh vy hay khng ng nh vy. Li na, Ta hi cc Ni-kin rng: Nu cc v Ni-kin c s tinh cn bc thng, c s kh hnh bc thng8; by gi cc Ni-kin c pht sanh s kh bc thng 9 chng?
7 8

Hn: tin kim . Hn: thng on thng kh hnh , on y c hiu l tinh

KINH NI-KIEN 128

H tr li Ta rng: ng vy, C-m. Nu c s tinh cn bc trung, c s kh hnh bc trung; by gi cc Ni-kin c pht sanh s kh bc trung chng? H tr li Ta rng: ng vy, C-m. Nu c s tinh cn bc h, c s kh hnh bc h; by gi cc Ni-kin c pht sanh s kh bc h chng? H tr li Ta rng: ng vy, C-m. Nh vy l, nu cc v Ni-kin c s tinh cn bc thng, c s kh hnh bc thng; by gi cc Ni-kin [443b] c pht sanh s kh bc thng. Nu c s tinh cn bc trung, c s kh hnh bc trung; by gi cc Ni-kin c pht sanh s kh bc trung. Nu c s tinh cn bc h, c s kh hnh bc h; by gi cc Ni-kin c pht sanh s kh bc h. Nu gi s cc Ni-kin c s tinh cn bc thng v kh hnh bc thng, by gi cc Ni-kin y nh ch s kh bc thng. Khi c s tinh cn bc trung v kh hnh bc trung, by gi cc Ni-kin y nh ch s kh bc trung. Khi c s tinh cn bc h v kh hnh bc h, by gi cc Ni-kin y nh ch s kh bc h. Hoc lm nh vy, hoc khng lm nh vy m nh ch kh cng cc v cc ni kh rt nng n, th nn bit cc Ni-kin ngay trong i ny m gy ra kh.10 Nhng cc Ni-kin b

cn. Pli: tibbo uppakkamo, tibba padhna, tin hnh mt cch cng thng, tinh cn mt cch cng thng. Trong bn Hn, padhna (tinh cn) c c l pahna (on). 9 Sanh thng kh , lnh th cm th ti thng kh. Pli: tibb opakkamik dukkh, nhng (cm gic) kh t nhin v kch lit. 10 Cf. Pl. (M.ii. 219): yasmi vi samaye tibbo upakkamo hotitibb tasmi samaye
opakkamik dukkh () yasmi pana vo samaye no tibbo upakkamona tibb tasmi samaye opakkamik dukkh () na kallamassa veyykaraya sabba ta pubbekatehetu: khi cn hnh kch lit th cm th kh kch lit; khi khng cn

hnh kch lit th khng cm th kh kch lit, nh vy khng hp l ni kh

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si m che lp, b si m tri buc, nn ni th ny: Nhng g m con ngi cm th u do nhn to tc t trc. Nu nhng nghip c ca chng do nhn kh hnh dit m khng to nghip mi na, th cc nghip y s chm dt. Cc nghip chm dt th cc kh s chm dt, cc kh c chm dt th c on tn kh bin. Ta hi nh vy m khng thy cc Ni-kin c th tr li Ta rng: Ny C-m, ng nh vy hay khng ng nh vy. Li na, Ta hi cc Ni-kin rng: Cc v Ni-kin, nu c nghip mang li lc bo11 th nghip y c th no nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh kh bo chng? H tr li Ta rng: Khng th, tha C-m! Cc v Ni-kin, nu c nghip mang li kh bo12 th nghip y c th no nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh lc bo chng? H tr li Ta rng: Khng th, tha C-m! Cc v Ni-kin, nu c nghip bo trong i hin ti13, th nghip y c th no nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh y m chuyn thnh qu bo i sau chng? H tr li Ta rng: Khng th, tha C-m! Cc v Ni-kin, nu c nghip bo i sau14 th nghip y c th no nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh qu bo i hin
do nhn d to i trc. Hn: lc bo nghip . Pli: kamma sukhavedanya, thun lc th nghip, nghip dn n cm th lc. 12 Hn: kh bo nghip . Pli: kamma dukkhavedanya, thun kh th nghip. 13 Hn: hin php bo nghip . Pli: dihadhammavedanya kamma, thun hin th nghip 14 Hn: hu sanh bo nghip . Pli: samparyavedanya kamma.
11

KINH NI-KIEN 130

ti chng? H tr li Ta rng: Khng th, tha C-m! Cc v Ni-kin, nu c nghip bo khng chn15, nghip y c th no nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh qu bo chn 16 chng? H tr li Ta rng: Khng th, tha C-m! Cc v Ni-kin, l lc nghip bo, nghip y khng th nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh, m chuyn thnh kh bo c. Ny cc Nikin, kh bo nghip; nghip y khng th nhn s tinh cn hay nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh lc bo c. Ny cc Ni-kin, hin php bo nghip; nghip y khng th nhn s tinh tn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh hu sanh bo c. Ny cc Ni-kin, hu sanh nghip bo; nghip y khng th nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh [443c] hin php bo c. Ny cc Ni-kin, nghip khng chn, nghip y khng th nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn thnh qu bo chn. Ny cc Ni-kin, nghip bo chn; nghip y khng th nhn s tinh cn v nhn s kh hnh m chuyn i thnh khc i c. V vy, ny cc Ni-kin, s n lc ca qu v l h vng17, s tinh cn y l trng rng, chng t c g c18. Cc Ni-kin y lin tr li Ta rng: Tha C-m, chng ti c tn s tn l Thn T Ni-kin19 c ni th ny: Cc Ni-kin, nu cc ngi trc kia to tc c nghip; nhng nghip y u c th nhn s kh hnh ny m b dit tn. Nu nay h tr thn, khu, ; nhn khng cn to c nghip na.
15

Hn: bt thc bo nghip . Pli: aparipakkavedanya kamma. Hn: thc bo nghip . Pli: paripakkavedanya kamma. 17 Hn: h vng phng tin . Pli: aphalo upakkamo, n lc khng kt qu. 18 Hn: khng on v hoch . Pli: aphala padhna, s chuyn cn khng kt qu. 19 Thn T Ni-kin . Pli: Nigaha Ntaputta.
16

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Ta li hi cc Ni-kin kia rng: Cc v tin Tn s Thn T Ni-kin, m khng cht nghi ng sao? H tr li ta rng: C-m, chng ti tin Tn s Thn T Ni-kin, khng h c nghi hoc. Ta li hi cc Ni-kin kia rng: C nm php em li hai qu bo trong hin ti ny. 20 l tn, lc, vn, nim, kin thin qun. Cc Ni-kin, c phi chng ngi ta t h di mnh m ni rng: iu ny ng tin, ng hm m, ng nghe theo, ng suy ngm, ng chim nghim k21? H tr li Ta rng: ng nh vy, tha C-m! Ta li bo cc Ni-kin kia rng: l li di tr, sao ng tin, sao ng nghe theo, sao ng suy ngm, sao ng chim nghim? Ngha l, ngi ta t h di mnh m ni rng: iu ny ng tin, ng hm m, ng nghe theo, ng suy ngm, ng chim nghim k. Nu cc Ni-kin ni nh th22 th i vi php nh tht c nm iu ng khin trch23, cht vn, l ng gh tm24. Nhng g l nm? Nay nhng iu kh, lc m chng sanh ny cm th u do s to tc trc kia25 Nu ng nh vy th cc Ni-kin trc kia to cc c nghip.
20

Cf. M. ii. 218: diheva dhamme dvidhvipk: Tn (saddh), lc (ruci: hoan h), vn (anussava: ty vn, nghe tng thut), nim (krparivitakka: tng tnh l, suy xt cc du hiu hay iu kin hay l do), v kin thin qun (dithinijhnakhanti: nhn th t kin). 21 Hn: kh tn, kh lc, kh vn, kh nim, kh kin thin qun. Pli: Lng tin ca cc Tn gi Nigaha i vi Tn s qu kh nh l th no? S hoan h, ty vn, thm st v nhn th nh th no? (din gii v nm php ni trn). 22 an mch giabn Pli v Hn phn nhiu khng khp nhau. 23 Hn: ng trch ct. Pli (M.ii. 222): dasa vdnuvd, mi lun ph (ca cc hc thuyt). 24 Hn: kh tng . 25 Hn: nhn bn tc . Pli: pubbekatahetu.

KINH NI-KIEN 132

Bi th nn nay cc Ni-kin phi th kh cc trng i. l iu ng gh tm th nht ca cc Ni-kin. Li na, chng sanh lnh th s kh vui u do s hi hp26. Nu ng nh vy th cc v vn hi hp cc iu c. Bi th nn nay cc Ni-kin phi th kh cc trng i. l iu ng gh tm th hai ca cc Nikin. Li na, chng sanh lnh th s kh vui u do nh mng27. Nu ng nh vy th cc Ni-kin c nh mng c. Bi vy cho nn nay cc Nikin phi th kh cc trng i. l iu ng gh tm th ba ca cc Ni-kin. Li na, chng sanh lnh th s kh vui u do kin28. Nu ng nh vy th cc Ni-kin vn c c kin. Bi vy cho nn nay [444a] cc Nikin phi th kh cc trng i. l iu ng gh tm th t ca cc Ni-kin. Li na, chng sanh lnh th s kh vui u do Tn Hu to29. Nu ng nh vy th cc Ni-kin vn c mt Tn Hu hung c. Bi vy cho nn nay cc Ni-kin phi th kh cng cc. l iu ng gh tm th nm ca cc Ni-kin. Nu cc Ni-kin vn do to tc nghip c hi hp, c nh mng, c kin, c Tn hu, v th m cc Ni-kin nay phi lnh th kh cc trng i. l v nhng vic y nn cc Ni-kin l nhng ngi ng gh tm. Php m ta t tri, t gic v ni cho cc v, d l Sa-mn, B-la-mn, hoc Thin, Ma, Phm v nhng k khc trn th gian u khng th hng phc c, u khng th ch ng c. Th no l php m ta t tri, t gic v ni cho cc v, khng th b Samn, B-la-mn, hoc Thin, Ma, Phm v nhng k khc trn th gian
Hn: nhn hip hi . Pli: sagtibhava. Hn: nhn vi mng . Pli: abhijtihetu, nhn l chng loi th sanh. Tc (nhn) do s khc bit da mu hay huyt thng. 28 Hn: nhn kin . Pli: dihadhammupakkamahetu, nguyn nhn l s n lc trong i hin ti. Bn Hn hnh nh ch c: diha-hetu. 29 Hn: Tn hu to . Pli: Issaranimmnahetu, nguyn nhn l s sng to ca Thng (T ti thin).
27 26

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c th khut phc c, c th lm cho cu u c, v c th ch ng c?30 Nu c T-kheo x b thn nghip bt thin tu thin nghip ni thn; x b khu, nghip bt thin, tu thin nghip ni khu, . V i vi s kh i v lai m t bit rng ta s khng c kh i v lai, c s an lc nh php m khng x b 31 . V y hoc mun on tr i vi nguyn nhn ca kh do cn hnh dc, hoc mun n lc on tr i vi nguyn nhn ca kh do cn hnh x dc32. V y nu mun n lc on tr i vi nguyn nhn ca kh do cn hnh dc, v y tu tp cn hnh dc y v sau khi on, s kh lin chm dt. 33 V y nu
M.ii. 223: katha saphalo upakkamo hoti, saphala padhna? th no l s n lc c kt qu, v th no l s cn hnh c kt qu? 31 Pli: bhikkhu na heva anaddhabhta attna dukkhena addhabhveti dhammika ca sukha na pariccajati, tasmi ca sukhe anadhimucchito, T kheo cha th bng s kh khut phc t ng vn cha b khut phc, v y khng t b lc th ph hp chnh php, nhng cng khng b buc cht vo lc th . 32 Hn: B hoc dc on kh nhn hnh dc, hoc dc on kh nhn hnh x dc . Dc on hnh tc c vng on tr bt thin bng tinh cn trong kh hnh. Dc on ny c pht trin trong tinh tn, khinh an, nim, chnh tri, v do t duy x. Trong bn Hn ny c hai phng php tu tp, hoc bng dc on hnh thun tu, hoc dc on hnh i i vi x.Giithch ny do suy lun dc y c hiu l chanda trong bn thn tc. Cf. Tp d 4 (tr. 471c13). Nhng gii thch va nu hnh nh khng ph hp vi bn kinh Pli. Trong , Hn: on kh nhn hnh dc c th tng ng Pli: dukkhanidnassa sakhra padahato, tinh cn hnh i vi nguyn nhn ca kh, chng li kh. Cf. Pli (M.ii. 223): imassa kho me
dukkhanidnassa sakhra padahato sakhtappadhn virgo hoti; imassa pana me dukkhanidnassa ajjhupekkhato upekha bhvayato virago hoti, ta i vi
30

nguyn nhn au kh ny tinh cn hnh; do tinh cn hnh m ly nhim; li na, ta i vi nguyn nhn au kh ny m x (khng quan tm); do tu tp x m ly nhim. (Ngha l, khng cn n s tinh cn kh hnh na; t on kh). 33 Hn: .Cf. Pl.: tassa tassa
dukkhanidnassa sakhra padahato sakhrappadhn vgo hoti evampissa ta dukkha nijjia, v y trong khi cn hnh on nguyn nhan kh, do cn

KINH NI-KIEN 134

mun on tr i vi nguyn nhn ca kh bng cn hnh x dc, tc tu tp cn hnh x dc y, v sau khi on, s kh lin chm dt. By gi nu T-kheo y suy ngh nh th ny: Ty theo nhng g c to tc, ty theo nhng g c hnh m php bt thin sanh khi, php thin b dit. Nu ta t tinh cn kh hnh34 m php bt thin b tiu dit, thin php sinh khi, th ta hy t tinh cn kh hnh y35. Ri v y t tinh cn kh hnh. Sau khi tinh cn kh hnh, php bt thin b tiu dit, thin php sanh khi. By gi v y khng cn tinh cn kh hnh na. V sao th? Ny cc T-kheo, nhng g cn phi lm trc , nay mc ch thnh tu, nu cn tinh cn kh hnh, vic y khng xy ra. Ny T-kheo, cng nh ngi th lm tn, dng km un tn36. Khi cy tn thng th khng cn dng km na. V sao th? V vic phi lm trc nay xong ri, nu cn dng km na, vic y khng ng. Cng vy, T-kheo suy ngh nh th ny: Ty theo nhng g c to tc, ty theo nhng g c hnh m php bt thin sanh khi, thin php b tiu dit. Nu ta t tinh cn kh hnh m php bt thin b tiu dit, thin php sinh khi, th ta hy t tinh cn kh hnh y. Ri v y t tinh cn [444b] kh hnh. Sau khi tinh cn kh hnh, php bt thin b tiu dit, thin php sanh khi. By gi v y khng cn tinh cn kh hnh na. V sao th? Ny cc T-kheo, nhng g cn phi lm trc , nay mc ch thnh tu, nu cn tinh cn kh hnh vic y khng ng. Ny T-kheo, cng nh c ngi thng nh, say m, trng ch sn n mt ngi n kia, nhng ngi n y li ni chuyn vi mt ngi
hnh m ly dc, nh vy kh y i vi v y c dit tn. Hn: t on kh . Pli: dukkhya attna padahato, tp trung t ng hnh tr kh. 35 i on ny theo Pli (M.ii. 225): v T-kheo trong khi sng vi cm th lc, nhn thy php thin suy gim v bt thin tng trng, bn p dng s thc hnh vi cm th kh (tc p dng li kh tu), khi y php thin tng trng v php bt thin suy gim. 36 Hn: dng kim (sic) no tin . Pli: tejana dvisu altesu tpita, h nng cy tn gia hai ngn la.
34

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khc, thm hi ln nhau, qua li chung ch. Ngi y do m thn tm pht sinh kh no, bun ru khng? T-kheo p: Tht nh vy, bch Th Tn! V sao th? V ngi kia thng nh say m v ht sc trng ch sn n n nhn m n nhn y li ni chuyn vi ngi khc, thm hi ln nhau, qua li chung ch, thn tm ngi y lm sao khi sanh ra kh no bun ru. Ny T-kheo, gi s ngi kia suy ngh th ny: Ta thng nh sn n sung ngi n kia, nhng ngi n y li ni chuyn vi ngi khc, thm hi ln nhau, qua li chung ch. Nay ta c nn v vic y t gy kh no v t gy u phin m dt tr s thng nh say m ngi n kia chng? Ngi y sau v s t gy kh, t gy su no lin dt tr s thng nh say m ngi n y. Nu ngi n kia vn cn ni chuyn vi ngi khc, thm hi ln nhau, qua li chung ch, ngi y sau c th no s cn sanh ra kh no, rt bun ru chng? T-kheo p: Khng cn na, bch Th Tn. V sao th? V ngi y i vi n nhn kia khng cn tnh thng nh say m na. Gi s n nhn kia vn cn ni chuyn vi ngi khc, thm hi ln nhau, qua li chung ch; nu cho rng ngi kia v th m thn tm li cn sanh khi kh no, rt bun ru, iu y khng ng. Cng th, by gi T-kheo suy ngh th ny: Ty theo s to tc, ty theo s thc hnh m php bt thin sanh khi, thin php b tiu dit. Nu t tinh cn kh hnh m php bt thin b tiu dit, thin php sinh khi, th ta hy t tinh cn kh hnh y. Ri v y t tinh cn kh hnh. Sau khi tinh cn kh hnh, php bt thin b tiu dit, thin php sanh khi. By gi v y khng cn tinh cn kh hnh na. V sao th? Ny cc T-kheo nhng g cn phi lm trc , nay mc ch thnh tu, nu cn tinh cn kh hnh vic y khng ng. V y li ngh nh th ny: Nu c nhng nguyn nhn on tr cc kh no kia, ta lin on tr ri, nhng i vi dc ta vn cn nh c ch cha on c. Nay ta hy tm cch on c dc. V y v on dc, bn sng c c, n dt ni rng vng, hoc n di bng cy,

KINH NI-KIEN 136

ni vng v, sn ni, ng , t trng, lm cy, hoc i vo rng su, hoc gia bi tha ma. Khi v y sng ni rng vng ri, hoc l n di bng cy, ni vng v yn lng, tri ni-s-n, [444c] ngi kit gi, dng thn ngay thng, phn tnh khng hng nim ra ngoi37 on tr tham lam38, tm khng cn no hi39; thy ca ci v t c sinh sng ca ngi khc, khng cn mng khi tham lam, mun sao cho c v mnh. V y i vi tham lam tnh tr tm . Cng vy, i vi sn nhu, ty min, tro hi, on tr nghi, vt qua hoc, khng cn do d i vi cc thin php, v y i vi nghi tnh tr tm . V y on tr nm trin ci vn lm tm cu u, tu yu km, ri ly dc, ly c bt thin php, cho n chng T thin, thnh tu v an tr. V y t c tnh tm thanh tnh, khng cu u v khng phin nhc nh vy, nhu nhuyn v kho lo an tr, chng c tm bt ng, hng thng n lu tn tr thng. V y bit nh tht rng: y l Kh, y l Kh tp, y l Kh dit, v bit nh tht y l Kh dit o. Cng bit nh tht rng: y l lu, y l lu tp, y l lu dit, bit nh tht y l lu dit o. V y bit nh vy, thy nh vy th tm gii thot khi dc lu, hu lu, tm gii thot v minh lu. Gii thot ri lin bit l gii thot, bit nh tht rng: S sanh ht, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Nh Lai vi chnh tm gii thot nh vy thnh tu c nm iu tn thn nh php, khng tranh ci, kh i, kh knh. Nhng g l nm? Chng sanh kia th lnh kh vui u do s to tc trc kia. Nu ng nh vy th Nh Lai vn c nghip vi diu t trc. Bi vy nn nay Nh Lai mi c s an lc v lu ca bc Thnh, tch tnh, tnh ch, cm th lc. l iu xng tn th nht m Nh Lai t c. Li na, chng sanh th lnh kh vui u do hip hi. Nu ng nh vy th Nh Lai vn c s nghip hi vi diu. Bi vy, nn nay Nh Lai mi c s hip hi vi diu, s an lc v lu ca bc Thnh, tch tnh, tnh
37

Hn: phn nim bt hng . Pli, thnh c: parimukha sati upahapetv, sau khi t nim tng ngay trc mt (h nim ti tin). 38 Hn: tham t ; Pli: abhijjha loke, ham mun trn tc. 39 Hn: tm v hu trnh .

KINH NI-KIEN

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ch, cm th lc. l iu xng tn th hai m c Nh Lai t c. Li na, chng sanh th lnh kh vui u do nh mng. Nu ng nh vy th Nh Lai vn c nh mng vi diu. Bi vy, nn nay Nh Lai mi c s an lc v lu ca bc Thnh, tch tnh, tnh ch, cm th lc. l iu xng tn th ba m c Nh Lai t c. Li na, chng sanh th lnh kh vui u do kin. Nu ng nh vy th Nh Lai vn c kin v diu. Bi vy, nn nay Nh Lai mi c s an lc v lu ca bc Thnh, tch tnh, tnh ch, cm th lc. l iu xng tn th t m c Nh Lai t c. Li na, chng sanh th lnh kh vui u do ng Tn Hu to tc. Nu ng nh vy th Nh Lai vn c Tn Hu vi diu. Bi vy, nn nay Nh Lai mi c s an lc v lu ca bc Thnh, [445a]tch tnh, tnh ch, cm th lc. l iu xng tn th nm m Nh Lai t c. l Nh Lai vn c t trc nghip vi diu, s hi hp vi diu, nh mng vi diu, kin vi diu v Tn Hu vi diu v to tc vi diu ca Tn Hu. Do m Nh Lai c nm iu tn thn. C nm nhn duyn lm cho tm sanh u kh. Nhng g l nm? l dm dc trin, do dm dc qun cht nn tm sanh u kh. Cng vy, i vi sn nhu, thy min, tro hi, nghi hoc. Do nghi hoc qun cht, nn tm sanh u kh. l nm nhn duyn lm tm sanh u kh. C nm nhn duyn tm dit u kh. Nhng g l nm? Nh do dm dc trin nn tm sinh u kh, tr dm dc trin ri th u kh lin b tiu dit. V dm dc trin nn tm sanh ra u kh, ngay trong i hin ti m chng c cu cnh, khng phin, khng nhit v bn vng khng bin i;40 l s tri ca bc Thnh, s kin ca bc Thnh. Cng vy, vi sn nhu, thy min, nghi hoc trin; do nghi hoc qun cht nn tm sanh ra u kh. Nu tr c nghi hoc trin ri th u kh lin b tiu dit. V nghi hoc qun cht nn tm sanh ra u kh, trong i hin ti m chng c cu cnh, khng phin, khng nhit, thng tr bt bin. l s tri ca bc Thnh, s kin ca bc Thnh. y l nm nhn duyn tm dit tr u kh. Li na, cn c php khc ngay trong i hin ti m chng c cu
40

Xem cht. 14 kinh 12.

KINH NI-KIEN 138

cnh, khng phin, khng nhit, bn vng khng bin i, l s tri ca bc Thnh, l s kin ca bc Thnh. Th no l cn c php khc ngay trong i hin ti m chng c cu cnh khng phin, khng nhit, thng tr v bt bin, l s tri ca bc Thnh, s kin ca bc Thnh? l tm chi thnh o, tc t chnh kin n chnh nh. y l cn c php ngay trong i hin ti m chng c cu cnh, khng phin, khng nhit, thng tr v bt bin, l s tri ca bc Thnh, s kin ca bc Thnh. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

20. KINH BA-LA-LAO Ti nghe nh vy:

Mt thi Pht tr Cu-l-su 2, cng vi i chng T-kheo, i n Bc thn3, tr pha Bc ca thn trong rng Thi-nhip-ha4. By gi Ba-la-lao Gi-di-ni5 nghe rng: Sa-mn C-m thuc dng h Thch, t b dng h Thch, [445b] xut gia hc o, ang tr ti Cu-l-su, cng i chng T-kheo, i n Bc thn, tr pha Bc ca thn trong rng Thi-nhip-ha. V Sa-mn C-m y c ting tm ln, truyn khp mi phng rng: Sa-mn C-m l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. V y trong th gian ny gia Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, t loi ngi cho n loi tri, t tri t gic, t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr. Php m v y thuyt, khong u thin, khong gia thin, cu cnh cng thin, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh thanh tnh trn . Nu gp c c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, tn trng, l bi cng dng, tha s, th s c nhiu thin li. Ngi kia suy ngh rng: Ta nn n yt kin Sa-mn Cm l bi, cng dng. Ba-la-lao Gi-di-ni nghe vy ri, ra khi Bc thn, i v hng Bc, n rng Thi-nhip-ha, mun yt kit Th Tn l bi cng dng. Ba-la-lao Gi-di-ni t xa trng thy Th Tn trong rng cy, oan nghim p , nh mt trng gia m tinh t sng ngi chi li, rc
Tng ng Pli: S.42.13. Pali-sutta. Cu-l-su . Pli: Koliyesu, gia nhng ngi Koliy, mt b tc theo th ch cng ha trong thi Pht, c ng ti lng Rmagama trn b sng Hng, v phn khc sng ti Devadaha, lnh th ca h v ca ging Sakya c chia i bng sng Rohinin v mt cuc chin m mu sp xy ra, nu khng c s can thip ca c Pht. 3 Bc thn . Pli: Uttara, tn thn trong Koliy. 4 Thi-nhip-ha lm . Pli: Simsapavana. 5 Ba-la-lao Gi-di-ni . Pli: Ptaliya-gmin thn trng Ptaliya.
2 1

KINH LAU TAN 64

r nh ta ni vng, y tng ho, uy thn vi vi, cc cn tch tnh, khng g ngn che, thnh tu s iu ng, tm yn tnh lng. Bala-lao Gi-di-ni t xa trng thy c Th Tn ri, n trc ch Th Tn, cng cho hi ri ngi xung mt pha, tha vi Th Tn rng: Ti nghe Sa-mn C-m bit huyn thut, l nh huyn thut6. Tha C-m, nu ai ni nh vy: Sa-mn C-m bit huyn thut, l nh huyn thut, ngi y khng hy bng Sa-mn C-m chng? Ngi y c ni ng s tht khng? Ngi y ni c ng php chng? Ngi y ni ng php v nh php7 chng? i vi nh php, khng c sai lm v khng b ch trch chng? c Th Tn p: Ny Gi-di-ni, nu c ai ni nh vy, Sa-mn C-m bit huyn thut, l nh huyn thut, th ngi y khng hy bng Sa-mn C-m, ngi y ni chn tht, ngi y ni ng php, ngi y ni php nh php, i vi php khng c li lm, khng b ch trch. V sao th? Ny Gidi-ni, Ta bit huyn thut y, nhng chnh Ta khng phi l nh huyn thut. Gi-di-ni ni rng: Nhng iu cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni l chn tht, nhng ti khng tin h ni rng Sa-mn C-m bit huyn thut v l nh huyn thut. Th Tn ni: Ny Gi-di-ni, nu ngi no bit huyn thut th ngi l nh huyn thut chng? Gi-di-ni tha rng: Qu tht vy, Th Tn. Qu tht vy, Thin Th. Th Tn bo rng: Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ng t lm ln m hy bng Ta. Nu hy bng Ta th ch t gy tn hi, c s no hi, c xc phm, iu m Hin Thnh
6

Hn: tri huyn th huyn . Pli (S.iv. 340): mya jnat ti, myav ti. Trong bn Pli, hai vn c hi thnh hai cu hi khc nhau. Cu th nht, Pht xc nhn. Cu th hai, Pht ph nhn. Bn Hn gp thnh mt. 7 Xem cht. 7 kinh 18.

KINH LAU TAN

65

ght b, [445c] v b ti ln. V sao th? Ny Gi-di-ni, iu y tht ra khng ng nh li ng ni. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c nghe Cu-l-su c binh tt8 chng? Gi-di-ni p rng: Ti nghe rng c. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no, Cu-l-su c binh tt y lm g? Gi-di-ni p: Tha C-m, lm thng s v git gic cp. V vic nn Cul-su nui cc binh tt y. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no, binh tt Cu-l-su c gi gii cm hay khng gi gii cm? Gi-di-ni p: Tha C-m, nu trn th gian ny c nhng ngi khng gi gii cm, vn khng th qu hn binh tt Cu-l-su. V sao th? V binh tt Cu-l-su phm rt nhiu gii cm, ch lm cc c php. Li hi: ng thy nh vy, bit nh vy, Ta khng hi ng. Nu c ngi khc hi ng, V Gi-di-ni bit rng binh tt Cu-l-su phm rt nhiu nhng gii cm, ch lm nhng c php; nhn vic nn Gi-di-ni cng phm rt nhiu cm gii, ch lm cc c php. Nn ni nh vy, l li ni ng s tht chng? Gi-di-ni p: Khng phi vy, tha C-m. V sao th? V binh tt Cu-l-su c tri kin khc, c s nguyn khc, nn binh tt Cu-l-su phm rt nhiu cm gii, ch lm cc c php. Cn ti th rt tr gii, khng lm cc c php. Li hi: Gi-di-ni, ng bit binh tt Cu-l-su phm rt nhiu cm gii, ch lm cc c php, nhng ng khng do m phm cm gii, ch lm cc c php. Vy th v sao khng th rng Nh Lai bit huyn thut, trong khi
8

Hn: tt . Pli: lambaclake bhate, ngi lm thu c ln tc bung thng.

KINH LAU TAN 66

chnh mnh khng phi l nh huyn thut. V sao th? Ta bit huyn thut, bit ngi huyn thut, bit qu bo ca huyn thut, bit on tr huyn thut. Ny Gi-di-ni, Ta cng bit st sanh, bit ngi st sanh, bit s on tr st sanh. Ny Gi-di-ni, Ta bit vic ly ca khng cho, bit ngi ly ca khng cho, bit qu bo vic ly ca khng cho, bit s on tr vic ly ca khng cho. Ny Gi-di-ni, Ta bit vic ni di, bit ngi ni di, bit qu bo vic ni di, bit on tr s ni di. Ny Gi-di-ni, Ta bit nh vy, thy nh vy. Ai ni nh vy: Sa-mn C-m bit huyn thut tc l nh huyn thut, nu ngi y cha on tr li ni ny, m nghe tm y, dc y, nguyn y, vn y, nim y, qun y, th trong khonh khc nh co dui cnh tay, mng chung sanh vo a ngc. Gi-di-ni nghe vy, kinh hi khng khip, lng trn mnh dng ng ln, lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l chn Pht, qu mp, chp tay hng v Th Tn m bch rng: C-m, ti n nn ti li. Thin Th, ti t th. Ti nh ngu, nh si, nh bt nh, nh bt thin. V sao th? V ti ni quy rng Sa-mn Cm l nh huyn thut. [446a] Ci mong C-m cho ti c n nn ti li, thy ti th by t. Ti n nn ti ri, s gi gn khng ti phm na. Th Tn bo rng: Tht nh vy, Gi-di-ni, ng qu tht ngu, nh si, nh bt nh, nh bt thin. V sao th? V ng ni quy rang Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic l nh huyn thut. Nhng ng c th n nn ti li, thy ti th nn by t, gi gn khng ti phm na. Nh vy, ny Gi-di-ni, nu c ngi n nn ti li, thy ti nn by t, h tr m khng to li na, th trng dng Thnh php, khng cn c s sai lm na. Lc Gi-di-ni chp tay hng v Th Tn m bch rng: Tha C-m, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn, thy th ny, ni th ny: Nu k no st sanh, k y nht thit th bo ngay trong i ny; nhn m sanh ra u kh. Nu k no ly ca khng cho, ni di, k y nht thit th bo; nhn m sanh ra u kh. Tha Sa-mn C-m, Ngi ngh sao? c Th Tn bo rng: Ny Gi-di-ni, nay Ta hi ng, ty s hiu bit m tr li. Ny Gi-di-ni,

KINH LAU TAN

67

ng ngh sao? Nu trong thn p, hoc c mt ngi u i trng hoa, dng nhiu loi hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch, vui ci n sc, hoan lc nh vua. Nu c ngi hi rng: Ngi ny trc kia lm nhng g m nay u i trng hoa, hoc dng nhiu loi hng xoa vo thn ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch, vui ci n sc, hoan lc nh vua? Hoc c ngi tr li rng: Ngi y v Quc vng m git hi k th. Quc vng sau khi vui v lin ban thng cho. Do ngi y u i trng hoa, dng nhiu loi hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch, vui ci n sc, hoan lc nh vua. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c thy nh vy, nghe nh vy chng? Gi-di-ni p: Ti c thy nh vy, nghe nh vy, C-m. Ti nghe v s c nghe na. Gi-di-ni, ri li thy Quc vng bt b ti nhn, tri qut hai tay li, nh trng, xng lnh, ko ra ca thnh pha Nam, ngi di cy nu cao, ri chm bu u. Nu c ngi hi rng: Ngi ny phm ti g m b Quc vng git nh? Hoc c ngi tr li rng: Ngi ny git mt ngi9 trong Vng gia, do Quc vng ra lnh hnh hnh nh vy. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c thy nh vy, nghe nh vy chng? Gi-di-ni tr li: Ti c thy nh vy, C-m, ti nghe v s c nghe na. Ny Gi-di-ni, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn, thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Nu c ngi no st sanh ngi y nht thit phi th bo ngay trong hin ti ny; nhn m sanh ra u kh, th l li ni chn tht hay li ni h di? Gi-di-ni p: l li ni h di, [446b] tha C-m. Nu ngi y ni h vng, ng c tin chng?

Nguyn Hn: ung st vng gia v qu chi nhn , git oan mt ngi khng li. Theo ni dung cc on di, b cc t c xem khng ph hp. Pl. (S.iv 344): jvit voropesi, n st hi mng ngi (khng xc nh oan hay khng).

KINH LAU TAN 68

Gi-di-ni p: Ti khng tin, tha C-m. c Th Tn khen rng: Lnh thay, Gi-di-ni, Ta li hi ng, ng ngh th no? Nu trong thn p, hoc c ngi u i trng hoa, dng nhiu th hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch, vui chi n sc, hoan lc nh vua. Nu c ngi hi rng: Ngi ny trc kia lm nhng vic g m nay u i trng hoa, dng nhiu th hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch vui chi n sc, hoan lc nh vua? Hoc c ngi tr li rng, Ngi y nc khc, v ly ca khng cho, do ngi y u i trng hoa, dng nhiu th hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch vui chi n sc, hoan lc nh vua. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c thy nh vy, nghe nh vy chng? Gi-di-ni tha: Ti c thy nh vy, tha C-m, ti nghe v s c nghe na. Ny Gi-di-ni, ri li thy Quc vng bt b ti nhn tri qut hai tay ra sau, nh trng, xng lnh ko ra ca pha Nam, ngi di gc cy nu cao ri chm bu u. Nu c ngi hi rng: Ngi ny mc ti g m b Quc vng git cht? Hoc c ngi tr li rng: Ngi y ly ca khng cho trong Vng gia, do Quc vng ra lnh hnh hnh nh vy. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c thy nh vy, nghe nh vy chng? Gi-di-ni tr li rng: Ti c thy nh vy, C-m, ti nghe v s c nghe na. Ny Gi-di-ni, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn thy v ni nh vy: Nu c k no ly ca khng cho, k y nht thit phi th bo ngay trong i hin ti ny, nhn m sanh ra u kh, th li ni chn tht hay li ni h di? Gi-di-ni p: l li ni h di, tha C-m. Nu ngi y ni h vng, ng c tin chng? Gi-di-ni p: Ti khng tin, tha C-m!

KINH LAU TAN

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c Th Tn khen rng. Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Gi-di-ni! Li hi Gi-di-ni: Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no, nu trong thn p hoc c ngi u i trng hoa, dng nhiu th hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch vui chi n sc, hoan lc nh vua. Nu c ngi hi rng: Ngi y trc kia lm nhng vic g m nay u i trng hoa, dng nhiu th hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc ca v, t mnh tha thch vui chi n sc, hoan lc nh vua? Hoc c ngi tr li rng: Ngi y ca ma vui gin, ci a. Ngi y bng li ni di lm cho Quc vng vui v. Sau khi Quc vng vui v lin ban thng cho, do ngi y u i trng hoa, dng nhiu th hng xoa vo thn, ri xng nhc, ca v, t mnh tha thch vui chi n sc, hoan lc nh vua. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c thy nh vy, nghe nh vy chng? Gi-di-ni tr li rng: Ti c thy nh vy, C-m, ti nghe v s c nghe na. Ny Gi-di-ni, ri li thy Quc vng bt b ti nhn, dng gy nh n cht, ri b vo ci cy, ch trn xe trng i ra ca thnh pha Bc, vt vo trong rnh nc, nu c ngi hi rng: Ngi y mc ti g m b quc vng git cht i? Hoc c ngi tr li rng: Ngi y trc Quc vng ni di l c chng c. Ngi y do la gt Quc vng bng li ni di nn b Quc vng ra lnh bt lm nh th. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng c thy nh vy, [446c] nghe nh vy khng? Gi-di-ni tr li rng: Ti c thy vy, C-m, ti nghe v s nghe na. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ngh th no, nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Nu c ngi no ni di, ngi y nht thit phi th bo ngay trong i hin ti ny, nhn m sanh ra u kh, th li ni l li ni chn tht hay h di? Gi-di-ni p: l li ni h di, tha C-m. Nu ngi y ni h vng, ng c tin chng? Gi-di-ni p:

KINH LAU TAN 70

Ti khng tin, tha C-m. c Th Tn khen rng: Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Gi-di-ni! Lc , Gi-di-ni lin t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o chp tay hng v Th Tn m tha rng: K diu thay, nhng iu C-m ni rt vi diu, kho v d, kho dn chng. Bch C-m, ti trong Bc thn c xy dng mt ngi nh cao ln, sp t ging nm, sn cha nc thp sng nhng ngn n ln. Nu c v Sa-mn, B-la-mn tinh tn no n ngh ngi nh cao ln y, ti s ty kh nng m cung cp nhng g v y cn thit. C bn v lun s m s kin khc nhau, cng n tp hp ti ngi nh cao ln y. Trong c mt v lun s thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Khng c b th, khng c trai t, khng c ch thuyt, khng c nghip thin, nghip c, khng c qu bo ca nghip thin c, khng c i ny i sau, khng c cha, khng c m, trn i khng c bc chn nhn i n thin x, kho i, kho hng, t tri, t gic, t chng ng i ny v i khc, thnh tu v an tr. 10 V lun s th hai li c s kin tri ngc vi s kin ca v lun s th nht. V y cng thy nh vy, ni nh vy: C b th, c trai t, c ch thuyt, c nghip thin c, c nghip bo thin c, c i ny i sau, c cha c m c bc chn nhn trn i ny i n thin x, kho i, kho hng, t tri, t gic, t chng ng i ny v i khc, thnh tu v an tr. V lun s th ba thy nh vy, ni nh vy: T mnh lm v sai bo ngi khc lm, t mnh chm git v sai bo ngi khc chm git, t mnh nu v sai bo ngi khc nu; u su11, phin mun, lo lng, m ngc, o no, khc lc, ngu si; st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, ung ru; o vch, m kho, [447a] n ng hm khc n cp12, ph lng hi xm, ph thnh, dit nc; lm nh th khng phi
10

Thuyt on dit (uccheda-vda) ca Ajita Kesa-kambli. Xem D.2 Smaaphala-sutta; No.1(27), kinh Sa-mn qu. 11 T mnh hay khin ngi khc; on sau, vn ngha tng t. 12 Hn: ch tha hng mch . ( bn: kip ). C l Pli: paripanthe (Hn c: parapanthe) tiihato, chn ng n cp.

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l lm c. Li dng vng st bn nh dao co, ngi y i vi tt c chng sanh trn ci i ny, trong vng mt ngy m ba, m ct, m chm, m cht, m lt da, m lc x tng mng tht, lch tng phn tng khi; do vy vn khng c nghip c, do vy vn khng c nghip bo c. b sng Hng-gi pha Nam, git ri ct, ri khin nu; v b sng Hng-gi pha Bc m b th, trai t, ch thuyt. Khng do m c ti hay c phc; khng do m c qu bo ti phc. Cp th, t ch ng, th h, nhip tr, tn thn, nhiu ch, i ng li hnh, khng do m c phc, khng do m c qu bo ca phc. 13 Lun s th t li c s kin tri ngc s kin v lun ch th ba. V y thy nh vy, ni nh vy: T mnh lm v sai bo ngi khc lm, t mnh chm git v sai bo ngi khc chm git, t mnh nu v sai bo ngi khc nu; u su, phin mun, lo lng, m ngc, o no, khc lc, ngu si; st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, ung ru; o vch, m kho, n ng hm khc n cp, ph lng hi xm, ph thnh, dit nc; lm nh th chnh l lm c. Li dng vng st bn nh dao co, ngi y i vi tt c chng sanh trn ci t ny, trong vng mt ngy m ba, m ct, m chm, m cht, m lt da, m lc x tng mng tht, lch tng phn tng khi; do vy vn khng c nghip c, do vy vn khng c nghip bo c. b sng Hng-gi pha Nam, git ri ct, ri khin nu; v b sng Hng-gi pha Bc m b th, trai t, ch thuyt. Do c ti c phc; do m c qu bo ti phc. Cp th, t ch, th h, nhip tr, tn thn, nhiu ch, i ng, li hnh, do m c qu bo ti phc. Tha C-m, ti nghe nh vy lin sanh nghi hoc14: Nhng v Samn, B-la-mn , ai ni chn tht, ai ni h di?. c Th Tn tr li: Ny Gi-di-ni, ng ch sanh hoi nghi.15 V sao th? C hoi nghi tt sanh ra phn vn. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng t mnh khng c tnh tr, bit l

13

Thuyt v tc dng (akiriya-vda) ca Prana Kassapa, Pli, D. 2. Smaaphalasutta; No.1(27), kinh Sa-mn qu.. 14 Pl.: ahudeva kakh, ahudeva vicikicch, ti hoi nghi v phn vn! 15 Pl.: alahi te kakhitum, ng hoi nghi l phi! Xem cht. 5 kinh 16 (Gilam).

KINH LAU TAN 72

c i sau hay khng c i sau. Ny Gi-di-ni, ng li cng khng c tnh tr bit iu c lm l c hay iu c lm l thin? Ny Gi-di-ni, c mt php nh16 c gi l Vin ly. ng nh nh y s c th c chnh nim, c th t ti nht tm; nh vy, trong i hin ti ng s on tr s nghi hoc, v c thng tn17. Lc Gi-di-ni t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o, chp tay hng v c Th Tn m bch rng: Tha C-m, th no l c mt php nh c gi l [447b] Vin ly, m ti nh nh y s c th c chnh nim, c th t ti nht tm; nh vy, trong i hin ti ti c th on tr s nghi hoc, v c thng tn18? c Th Tn bo rng: Thnh t a vn xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y ban ngy cy rung, v gieo ging; n chiu ngh ngi v vo nh ngi thin nh; qua m, lc hng sng suy ngh nh vy: Ta xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y lin t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin. V y sau khi t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin, lin sanh ra hn hoan. Sau khi sanh ra hn hoan lin pht sanh h; sau khi pht sanh h, thn lin an nh; sau khi thn c an nh, thn lin cm gic lc. Sau khi thn cm gic lc th c nht tm. Ny Gidi-ni, sau khi Thnh t a vn c nht tm ri th tm cu hu vi t, bin khp mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng th hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt khng on, khng sn, khng nhu, khng no hi, qung i v bin, v lng, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. V y

Hn: hu php chi nh . Pli: atthi... dhammasamdhi. Pli (S.iv. 350): atthi gmai dhammasamdhi tatra ce tva cittasamdhi pailabeyysi eva tva ima kakhdhammam pajaheyysi, c php nh (php tam-mui), m nu trong ng c th t c tm nh nh vy th ng c th on tr php nghi hoc. 18 Hn: thng tn . Pli: sagga, sanh ln trn; sanh thin.
17

16

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suy ngh nh vy: Nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no thy nh vy, ni nh vy: Khng c s b th, khng c trai t, khng c ch thuyt, khng c nghip thin c, khng c nghip bo thin c, khng c i ny i sau, khng c cha, khng c m trn i, khng c bc thin nhn i n thin x, kho i, kho hng, t tri, t gic, t chng ng i ny v i khc, thnh tu v an tr. Nu nhng iu m Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni ra l chn tht, nhng ta khng xm phm i, d k s hay k khng s19, thng thng mn tt c th gian. Tm ta khng cng th gian tranh ci, cng khng c s hn hoan th trc. Nay ta c php ca bc V thng, thng tn n tr x an lc. l php nh vin ly. Nhng g Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni, khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai. Sau khi khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai, lin c ni tm tnh ch. Ny Gi-di-ni, l php nh, c gi l vin ly. ng c th nhn nh ny m c chnh nim, m c nht tm. Nh vy, ng c th on ht nghi hoc trong i hin ti m c thng tin. Li na Gi-di-ni: Thnh t a vn xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y ban ngy cy rung, v gieo ging; n chiu ngh ngi v [447c] vo nh ngi thin nh; qua m, lc hng sng suy ngh nh vy: Ta xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y lin t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin. V y sau khi t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin, lin sanh ra hn hoan. Sau khi sanh ra hn hoan lin pht sanh h; sau khi pht sanh h, thn lin an nh; sau khi thn c an nh, thn lin cm gic lc. Sau khi thn cm gic lc th c nht tm. Ny Gi-di-ni, sau khi Thnh t a vn c nht tm ri th tm cu hu vi bi, bin khp mt phng thnh tu v an tr; cng th hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c. Tm cu vi bi, khng kt, khng on khng sn nhu, khng no hi, qung i, v lng v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian,
19

Hn: b d bt b , ch ngi run s tc k yu, v ngi vng vng tc k mnh. Pli: yvha na kici vybdhemi tasa v thvara v, ta khng lm hi ci g c, d ng vt hay bt ng vt.

KINH LAU TAN 74

thnh tu v an tr. V y suy ngh nh vy: Nu c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no thy nh vy, ni nh vy: C s b th, c trai t, c ch thuyt, c nghip thin c, c nghip bo thin c, c i ny i sau, c cha, c m trn i, c bc thin nhn i n thin x, kho i, kho hng, t tri, t gic, t chng ng i ny v i khc, thnh tu v an tr. Nu iu v Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni ra l chn tht, nhng ta khng xm phm i, d k s hi hay k khng s hi, thng thng mn tt c th gian. Tm ta khng cng th gian tranh ci, cng khng c s hn hoan th trc. Nay ta c php ca bc V thng, thng tn n tr x an lc. l php nh vin ly. Nhng g Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni, khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai. Sau khi khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai, lin c ni tm tnh ch. Ny Gi-di-ni, l php nh, c gi l vin ly. ng c th nhn nh ny m c chnh nim, m c nht tm; nh vy, ng c th on ht nghi hoc trong i hin ti m c thng tin. Li na Gi-di-ni, Thnh t a vn xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y ban ngy cy rung, v gieo ging; n chiu ngh ngi v vo nh ngi thin nh; qua m, lc hng sng suy ngh nh vy: Ta xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y lin t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin. V y sau khi t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin, lin sanh ra hn hoan. Sau khi sanh ra hn hoan lin pht sanh h; sau khi [448a] pht sanh h, thn lin an nh; sau khi thn c an nh, thn lin cm gic lc. Sau khi thn cm gic lc th c nht tm. Ny Gi-di-ni, sau khi Thnh t a vn c nht tm ri th tm cu hu vi h, bin khp mt phng thnh tu v an tr; cng th hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c. Tm cu vi h, khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, qung i, v lng v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. V y suy ngh nh vy: T mnh lm v sai bo ngi khc lm, t mnh chm git v sai bo ngi khc chm git, t mnh nu v sai bo ngi khc nu; u su, phin mun, lo lng, m ngc, o no, khc lc, ngu si; st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, ung ru; o vch, m kho, n ng hm khc n cp, ph lng

KINH LAU TAN

75

hi xm, ph thnh, dit nc; lm nh th khng phi l lm c. Li dng vng st bn nh dao co, ngi y i vi tt c chng sanh trn ci t ny, trong vng mt ngy m ba, m ct, m chm, m cht, m lt da, m lc x tng mng tht, lch tng phn tng khi; do vy vn khng c nghip c, do vy vn khng c nghip bo c. b sng Hng-gi pha Nam, git ri ct, ri khin nu; v b sng Hng-gi pha Bc m b th, trai t, ch thuyt. Khng do m c ti hay c phc; khng do m c qu bo ti phc. Cp th, t ch ng, th h, nhip tr, tn thn, nhiu ch, i ng li hnh, khng do m c phc, khng do m c qu bo ca phc. Nu iu v Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni ra l chn tht, nhng ta khng xm phm i, d s hi hay khng s hi, thng thng mn tt c th gian. Tm ta khng cng th gian tranh ci, cng khng c s hn hoan th trc. Nay ta c php ca bc V thng, thng tn n tr x an lc. l php nh vin ly. Nhng g Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni, khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai. Sau khi khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai, lin c ni tm tnh ch. Ny Gi-di-ni, l php nh, c gi l vin ly. ng c th nhn nh ny m c chnh nim, m c nht tm. Nh vy, ng c th on ht nghi hoc trong i hin ti m c thng tin. Li na Gi-di-ni, Thnh t a vn xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y ban ngy cy rung, v gieo ging; n chiu ngh ngi v vo nh ngi thin nh; qua m, lc hng sng suy ngh nh vy: Ta xa la s git, on tr s git; on tr s ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, cho n on tr t kin v c chnh kin. V y lin t thy: [448b] Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin. V y sau khi t thy: Ta on tr mi nghip o c v nim mi nghip o thin, lin sanh ra hn hoan. Sau khi sanh ra hn hoan lin pht sanh h; sau khi pht sanh h, thn lin an nh; sau khi thn c an nh, thn lin cm gic lc. Sau khi thn cm gic lc th c nht tm. Ny Gi-di-ni, sau khi Thnh t a vn c nht tm ri th tm cu hu vi x, bin khp mt phng thnh tu v an tr; cng th hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c. Tm cu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, qung i, v lng v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian,

KINH LAU TAN 76

thnh tu v an tr. V y suy ngh nh vy: T mnh lm v sai bo ngi khc lm, t mnh chm git v sai bo ngi khc chm git, t mnh nu v sai bo ngi khc nu; u su, phin mun, lo lng, m ngc, o no, khc lc, ngu si; st sanh, ly ca khng cho, t dm, ni di, ung ru; o vch, m kho, n ng hm khc n cp, ph lng hi xm, ph thnh, dit nc; lm nh th tht s l lm c. Li dng vng st bn nh dao co, ngi y i vi tt c chng sanh trn ci t ny, trong vng mt ngy m ba, m ct, m chm, m cht, m lt da, m lc x tng mng tht, lch tng phn tng khi; do vy c nghip c, do vy c nghip bo c. b sng Hng-gi pha Nam, git ri ct, ri khin nu; v b sng Hng-gi pha Bc m b th, trai t, ch thuyt. Do m c ti hay c phc; do m c qu bo ti phc. Cp th, t ch ng, th h, nhip tr, tn thn, nhiu ch, i ng, li hnh; do m c phc, do m c qu bo ca phc. Nu iu v Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni ra l chn tht, nhng ta khng xm phm i, d k s hi hay k khng s, thng thng mn tt c th gian. Tm ta khng cng th gian tranh ci, cng khng c s hn hoan th trc. Nay ta c php ca bc V thng, thng tn n tr x an lc. l php nh vin ly. Nhng g Sa-mn, B-la-mn kia ni, khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai. Sau khi khng cho l ng, khng cho l sai, lin c ni tm tnh ch. Ny Gi-di-ni, l php nh, c gi l vin ly. ng c th nhn nh ny m c chnh nim, m c nht tm. Nh vy, ng c th on ht nghi hoc trong i hin ti m c thng tin. Khi Pht ni bi php y xong, Gi-di-ni vin ly trn cu, pht sanh con mt thanh tnh thy r cc php. Lc , Gi-di-ni thy php, chng php, gic ng php bch tnh, on nghi, vt qua hoc, [448c]khng cn tn sng ai khc, khng cn do ai khc, khng cn do d, tr ni qu chng t, c v s y i vi gio php ca Th Tn, lin t ch ngi ng dy, ci u l di chn Pht m bch rng. Bch c Th Tn, con t nay xin quy y Pht, quy y Php v Chng T-kheo; ci mong c Th Tn nhn con lm u-b-tc; bt u t hm nay, trn i quy y cho n khi mng chung. Pht thuyt nh vy. Ba-la-lao Gi-di-ni v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

KINH LAU TAN

77

PHM 3: TNG NG X-LI PHT TNG NGY TH NHT

K tm tt: ng tm, c gii, Tr, S T, Thy d, C- ni, -nhin Phm Gio bnh, Cu-hy, Tng tich d, Phn bit T sau cng
21. KINH NG TM 22. KINH THNH TU GII 23. KINH TR 24. KINH S T HNG 25. KINH THY D 26. KINH C-NI-S 27. KINH PHM CH -NHIN 28. KINH GIO HA BNH 29. KINH I CU-HI-LA 30. KINH TNG TCH D 31. KINH PHN BIT THNH

21. KINH NG TM Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht 1 cng chng T-kheo vn tp ti ging ng vo ban m, nhn em cc ni kt s v ngoi kt s2 m phn bit ngha l cho cc T-kheo. Ny Ch Hin, trn i qu tht c hai hng ngi. Nhng g l hai? l ngi c ni kt s, bc A-na-hm, khng tr li th gian ny, v ngi c ngoi kit s, khng phi l bc A-na-hm, s cn tr li th gian ny.3 Ny Ch Hin, th no l ngi c ni kt s, bc A-na-hm, khng cn tr li th gian ny? Nu c ngi tu tp cc gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y . V y nhn tu tp gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y , nn li hc nhm tm dc, khng dc v on dc.4 Nhn bi hc [449a] nhm tm

X-li-pht . Pli: Sriputta. Hn: ni kt . Pli (A. i. 63): ajjhattasayojana. ngoi kt , bahiddhsayojana. S gii: nm thun h phn kt gi l ni kt (orambhgiyni v paca sayojni ajjhattyojana nma), nm thun thng phn kt gi l ngoi kt (uddhambhgiyni paca bahiddhsayojana). 3 nh ngha ny ca bn Hn khng ph hp vi bn Pli, A. I 63: katamo ajjhattasayojano puggalo? so tato cuto gm, gant itthatta, th no l ngi c ni kt? Ngi y cht y, ri cn tr li th gian ny. y ch trng hp ca Tu--hon. katamo bahiddhsayojano puggalo?... so tato cuto angm hoti, angant itthatta, th no l ngi c ngoi kt? V y sau cht , ri khng tr li th gian ny na. Tc l v A-na-hm. 4 Hn: ym dc, v dc, on dc . Pl. ibid.: so kmnayeva nibbidya virgya nirodhya paipanno hoti, v y tu tp hng n ym dc, ly dc, dit tn dc.
2

KINH ANG TAM 158

dc, ly dc v on dc m chng c tch tnh tm gii thot5. Sau khi chng c nh vy, trong cm th lc m mn tic, khng chu x ly, 6 trong i hin ti khng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung vt qua cc ci tri on thc7 sanh v cc ci sanh khc8. Khi sanh v cc ni y ri, v y suy ngh th ny: Ta trc kia cn lm ngi, lc y tu tp cc gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y . Nhn tu tp gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y , nn li hc nhm tm dc, khng dc v on dc. Nhn hc nhm tm dc, khng dc v on dc m chng c tch tnh tm gii thot. Sau khi chng c nh vy, trong cm th lc m mn tic, khng chu xa la, trong i hin ti khng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung vt qua cc ci tri on thc, sanh v cc ci sanh khc, v ang ni y9. Ny Ch Hin, li c mt hng ngi tu tp gii cm khng rch nt, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y . V y nhn tu tp gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u,
5

Hn: tc tm gii thot . Pl.: aantara santa cetovimutti, mt loi tm gii thot tch tnh no . S gii: tc ng ch thin th t trong tm ng ch (ahasu sampattu aatara cututthajjhnasampatti). 6 Xem cht. 9 di. 7 Hn: on thc thin . Pli: Kabalikrahrabhakkha-deva. Cf. T-bsa 153 (778c 4): v Bt-hon chng dit tn nh, sau khi cht, vt qua cc on thc thin , sanh trong cc c thn do thnh . 8 sanh thin (Pli: manomayakya-devat), ci tri c thn do sanh. Nhng bn Pl.ibid: aataau devanikya upajjati, v y sinh mt ci tri no . S gii: y ch mt trong nm Tnh c thin (pacasu suddhvsadevanikeu). 9 Mt v thng lu A-na-hm, sau khi on tr nm h phn kt, nhng do v ngt trong cm th lc ca cc Sc gii tnh l v y ln lt thc sanh t ci tri Phm thin ca S thin, cho ti khi thc sanh n Sc cu cnh ca T thin m nhp Nit-bn (Xem i T-b-sa 17, tr, 875c)..

KINH ANG TAM

159

khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y , nn li hc tp nghip on tr sc hu, on tr tham10, hc x ly dc. Nhn hc tp nghip on tr sc hu, on tr tham, hc x ly dc, m chng c tch tnh tm gii thot. Sau khi chng c nh vy, trong cm th lc m mn tic, khng chu xa la, trong i hin ti khng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung vt qua cc ci tri on thc, sanh v cc ci sanh khc. Khi sanh v cc ni y ri, v y suy ngh th ny: Ta trc kia cn lm ngi, lc y tu tp cc gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y . Nhn tu tp gii cm, khng b thng, khng st m, khng cu u, khng vn c, hon ton khng th ch trch, c bc Thnh khen ngi, kho tu, kho y , nn li hc tp nghip on tr sc hu, on tr tham; hc tp x ly dc. Nhn hc tp nghip on tr sc hu, on tr tham, hc x ly dc, m chng c tch tnh tm gii thot. Sau khi chng c nh vy, trong cm th lc m mn tic, khng chu xa la, trong i hin ti khng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung vt qua cc ci tri on thc, sanh v cc ci sanh khc, v ang ni y. Ny Ch Hin, th no l ngi c ngoi kt s, khng phi A-na-hm, cn tr li th gian ny? Nu c ngi tu tp cc gii cm, th h bit gii thot lut nghi11, li cn kho thu nhip cc oai nghi l tit, thy nhng ti li nh nht cng thng sanh tm lo s, th tr hc gii. Ny Ch Hin, [449b] l ngi c ngoi kt s, khng phi A-na-hm, s cn tr li th gian ny. By gi, mt s ng thin chng ng tm12, sc tng vi vi, nh sng rc r, lc m gn tn, i n ch Pht, ci u lm l ri ng sang mt bn, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Tn gi X-li-pht, m qua cng chng T-kheo vn tp ti ging ng, nhn em ni kt s v ngoi kt s m phn bit ngha l cho cc T-kheo nghe nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, trn i qu
10 11

Ch on tr tham i dn ti sanh Sc gii. Hn: th h tng gii thot . Pli: ptimokkhasasarasavuto, c th h bng s phng h ca Ptimokkha. 12 ng tm thin . Pli: Samacittdevat.

KINH ANG TAM 160

tht c hai hng ngi: ngi c ni kt s v ngi c ngoi kt s. Bch Th Tn, i chng hoan h, ci mong Th Tn t bi thng xt m n ni ging ng. Lc Th Tn im lng nhn li Ch Thin ng tm. Ch Thin ng tm bit Th Tn im lng nhn li, ci u nh l st chn Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri bin mt khi ch . Khng bao lu, sau khi Ch Thin ng tm i khi, c Th Tn i n ging ng, tri ch ngi m ngi trc chng T-kheo. Sau khi ngi xong, c Th Tn khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay! X-li-pht, thy tht rt kho lo. V sao th? V m qua, thy v chng T-kheo vn tp ti ging ng, nhn em ni kt s v ngoi kt s m phn bit ngha l cho cc T-kheo nghe nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, trn i qu tht c hai hng ngi, ngi c ni kt s v ngi c ngoi kt s. X-li-pht, lc m gn tn, Ch Thin ng tm i n ch Ta, ci u lm l ri ng sang mt bn, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Tn gi X-li-pht, m qua cng chng T-kheo vn tp ti ging ng, nhn em ni kt s v ngoi kt s m phn bit ngha l cho cc T-kheo nghe nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, trn i qu tht c hai hng ngi: ngi c ni kt s v ngi c ngoi kt s. Bch Th Tn, i chng hoan h, ci mong Th Tn t bi thng xt m n ni ging ng. X-li-pht, Ta im lng nhn li Ch Thin ng tm. Ch Thin ng tm bit Ta im lng nhn li, ci u nh l st chn Ta, nhiu quanh ba vng ri bin mt khi ch . X-li-pht, Ch Thin ng tm kia hoc c mi hay hai mi v, hoc ba mi hay bn mi v, hoc nm mi hay su mi v, cng ng trn u mi di vn chng ngi chng ngi ln nhau. Ny X-lipht, Ch Thin ng tm chng phi sanh ra trong ci y, nhng do t tp thin tm rt rng rt ln cho nn Ch Thin ng tm hoc c mi hay hai mi v hoc ba moi hay bn mi v, hoc nm mi hay su mi v, cng ng trn u mi di vn chng ngi ln nhau. Ny Xli-pht, Ch Thin ng tm khng phi sanh trong ci tri ny ri mi bt u tu thin tm, vi tm cc k rng ln, khin cho ch thin ng tm cng ng trn u mi di vn chng ngi ln nhau. Ny X-li-

KINH ANG TAM

161

pht, Ch Thin ng tm trc kia khi cn l loi ngi tu tp thin tm rt rng, rt ln, do nn khin Ch Thin ng tm hoc c mi hay hai mi v, hoc ba mi hay bn mi v, hoc nm mi hay su mi v, cng [449c] ng trn u mi di vn chng chng ngi ln nhau. Do , ny X-li-pht, nn hc php tch tnh, cc cn tch tnh, tm tch tnh, ba nghip thn, khu tch tnh, hng v ng Th Tn v cc ng phm hnh c tr. Ny X-li-pht, cc hng d hc di tr, lun lun suy tn, vnh vin lm lc. V sao vy? V khng c nghe diu php nh th ny. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

22. KINH THNH TU GII Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, Tn gi X-li-pht ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Nu T-kheo thnh tu gii, thnh tu nh, thnh tu tu th ngay trong i hin ti m ra vo nh tng th dit1; tt c trng hp ny. Nu ngay trong i hin ti m khng chng c cu cnh tr2, khi thn hoi mng chung, vt qua khi tri on thc3, sanh ln cc ci tri sanh4, ti cc ci y m ra vo nh tng tri dit; tt c trng hp ny. Lc Tn gi --di5 cng hin din trong i chng. Tn gi --di ni rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo sanh ln cc ci tri sanh khc, m ra vo nh tng tri dit; hon ton khng c trng hp y. 6 Tn gi X-li-pht ba ln lp li, ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Nu T-kheo thnh tu gii, thnh tu nh, thnh tu tu th ngay trong i hin ti m ra vo nh tng th dit; tt c trng hp ny. Nu ngay trong i hin ti m khng chng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung, vt qua khi tri on thc, sanh ln cc ci tri sanh, ti cc ci y m ra vo nh tng tri dit; tt c trng hp ny. Tn gi --di cng ba ln lp li, tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo sanh ln cc ci tri sanh khc, m ra vo nh tng th dit; hon ton khng c trng hp y. Lc Tn gi X-li-pht lin suy ngh nh th ny: Thy T-kheo ny cho n ba ln bc li ta ni, v cng khng c v T-kheo no tn thn li ta ni. Vy ta hy i n c Th Tn.
1 2

Tng tri dit nh . Pli: savedayitanirodha-sampatti. Hn: c cu cnh tr , ch chng c A-la-hn qu. Pli: ardhn. 3 on thc thin . Pli: Kabalkrhrabhakkha-devat. 4 sanh thin . Pli: manomayakya-devat. 5 --di . Pli: Uday. 6 on kinh c dn bi T-b-sa 153 (tr. 778c04).

KINH THANH TU GII

164

Ri Tn gi X-li-pht i n ch Pht, ci u nh l ri ngi xung mt bn. Sau khi Tn gi X-li-pht ra i chng bao lu, Tn gi --di cng i n ch Pht, ci u nh l ri ngi xung mt bn. Ni y, Tn gi X-li-pht li ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Nu T-kheo thnh tu gii, thnh tu nh, thnh tu [b] tu th ngay trong i hin ti m ra vo nh tng th dit; tt c trng hp ny. Nu ngay trong i hin ti m khng chng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung, vt qua khi tri on thc, sanh ln cc ci tri sanh, ti cc ci y m ra vo nh tng th dit; tt c trng hp ny. Tn gi --di li tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo sanh ln cc ci tri sanh khc, m ra vo nh tng th dit; hon ton khng c trng hp y. Tn gi X-li-pht ba ln lp li, ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Nu T-kheo thnh tu gii, thnh tu nh, thnh tu tu th ngay trong i hin ti m ra vo nh tng th dit; tt c trng hp ny. Nu ngay trong i hin ti m khng chng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung, vt qua khi tri on thc, sanh ln cc ci tri sanh, ti cc ci y m ra vo nh tng tri dit; tt c trng hp ny. Tn gi --di cng ba ln lp li, tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo sanh ln cc ci tri sanh khc, m ra vo nh tng th dit; hon ton khng c trng hp y. Tn gi X-li-pht suy ngh th ny: Thy T-kheo ny trc c Th Tn, lp li ba ln bc li ta ni, cng khng c v T-kheo no tn thn li ta ni; vy ta nn im lng. Lc y c Th Tn hi rng: Ny --di, ngi cho sanh thin l sc chng? Tn gi --di bch c Th Tn rng: Qu tht nh vy, bch Th Tn. 7 c Th Tn lin khin trch:
7

Pli (A.iii 193): Udyi tr li: ye te bhante dev rupino samay ti, l ch Thin thuc V sc do tng to thnh.

KINH THANH TU GII 165

Ngi l ngi ngu si m ti, khng c mt, bng vo nhng g m c th lun bn v A-t-m thm su8? By gi Tn gi --di sau khi b Th Tn qu mng lng d u su, ci u im lng, khng cn li l bin lun, nh c iu suy ngh. c Th Tn sau khi qu mng Tn gi --di ri, ni Tn gi A-nan rng: Khi mt T-kheo trng lo l bc Danh c Thng tn m b ngi khc ct vn, ti sao ngi b mc, khng chiu c? Ngi, l ngi ngu si, khng c lng t, quay lng li vi bc Trng lo Thng tn Danh c. By gi, c Th Tn sau khi qu mng Tn gi --di v Tn gi Anan, bn ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Nu T-kheo thnh tu gii, thnh tu nh, thnh tu tu th ngay trong i hin ti m ra vo nh tng th dit; tt c trng hp ny. Nu ngay trong i hin ti m khng chng c cu cnh tr, khi thn hoi mng chung, vt qua khi tri on thc, sanh ln cc ci tri sanh, ti cc ci y m ra vo nh tng th dit; tt c trng hp ny. c Th Tn ni nh vy xong lin vo tnh tht im lng tnh ta. [450b] By gi Tn gi Bch Tnh9 ang hin din trong i chng. Tn gi Anan tha vi Tn gi Bch Tnh rng: l vic lm ca v khc m ti b qu mng. Tha Tn gi Bch Tnh, vo x chiu Th Tn ri khi tnh tht m n trc chng Tkheo, tri ta ngi, cng tho lun vn ny. Tn gi Bch Tnh, ngi nn tr li vic ny. Ti rt thn vi c Th Tn v cc ng phm hnh. By gi vo lc x chiu, c Th Tn t thin tht i ra, n trc chng T-kheo, tri ch m ngi, ri Ngi bo rng: Ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo Trng lo c my php c cc ng phm hnh knh mn, tn trng? Tn gi Bch Tnh tha rng:
8

Thm thm A-t-m ; bn Pli tng ng khng cp tng ny. 9 Bch Tnh . Pli: Upava.

KINH THANH TU GII

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Bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo nu c nm php s c cc ng phm hnh khc tn trng, knh mn. Nhng g l nm? Bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo tu tp cc gii cm, th h bit gii thot lut nghi, li cn kho thu nhip cc oai nghi l tit, thy nhng ti li nh nht cng thng sanh tm lo s, th tr hc gii. Bch Th Tn, v T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn c cm gii y s c cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. Li na, bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo hc rng, nghe nhiu, ghi nh khng qun, tch ly kin thc rng ri; nhng php no m khong u hon ho, khong gia hon ho, khong cui cng hon ho, c ngha l, c vn t, hin hin phm hnh, thanh tnh trn , v y hc rng nghe nhiu cc php nh vy, hc tp nhun nhuyn c ngn ln, tm t duy qun st, thy r rng v hiu thu su xa. Bch Th Tn, T-kheo trng lo thng tn a vn y s c cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. Li na, bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn c bn tng thng tm 10, sng an lc trong i hin ti11, d c ch khng kh. Bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn c thin t y s c cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. Li na, bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo tu hnh tr tu, qun st s hng khi v suy tn ca cc php, chng c nh tht tr12, c s sng sut ca Thnh tu, phn bit r rng,13 chn chnh dt ht kh. Bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn c tr tu s c cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. Li na, bch Th Tn, T-kheo Trng lo dt sch cc lu, khng cn kt s, tm gii thot, tu gii thot, ngay trong i hin ti t tri, t
10

T tng thng tm . Pli: catunna jhnnabhicetasikna, bn thin, thuc tng thng tm. 11 Hn: hin php lc c (=tr) . Pli: dihadhammasukhavihra: hin php lc tr, ch an lc do bn thin mang li. 12 Hn: c nh th tr . 13 Tc Thnh quyt trch (Pl. ariy nibbedhikya). Xem cht. 14 kinh 3 (Thnh d).

KINH THANH TU GII 167

gic, t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr, S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Bch Th Tn, T-kheo trng lo thng tn lu tn y s c cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny Bch Tnh, nu v T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn [450c] khng c nm php ny, th do ngha no cho cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng? Tn gi Bch Tnh tha: Bch Th Tn, nu v T-kheo trng lo thng tn khng c php ny, th tht khng cn iu no khc hn cho cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. Ch cn ly s gi nua, tc bc, rng rng, sc khe ngy cng suy tn, thn cm chn vo, c th nng n, hi th a ln, chng gy m i, tht teo, da nhn, x x nh cy gai, cc cn ri rng, nhan sc xu x. V y nhn nhng iu ny c cc ng phm hnh knh mn, tn trng. c Th Tn bo rng: Qu tht nh vy, qu tht nh vy, nu T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn m khng c nm php ny, th tht khng cn iu kin no khc hn cho cc ng phm hnh knh mn tn trng. Ch cn ly s gi nua, tc bc, rng rng, sc khe ngy cng suy tn, thn cm chn vo, c th nng n, hi th a ln, chng gy m i, tht teo, da nhn, x x nh cy gai, cc cn ri rng, nhan sc xu x. V y nhn nhng iu ny c cc ng phm hnh knh mn, tn trng. Ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht c nm php ny, cc ngi phi knh mn tn trng. V sao th? Ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht tu tp cc gii cm, th h bit gii thot lut nghi, li cn kho thu nhip cc oai nghi l tit, thy nhng ti li nh nht cng thng sanh tm lo s, th tr hc gii. Li na, ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht hc rng, nghe nhiu, ghi nh khng qun, tch ly kin thc rng ri; nhng php no m khong u hon ho, khong gia hon ho, khong cui cng hon ho, c ngha l, c vn t, hin hin phm hnh, thanh tnh trn ; hc rng nghe nhiu cc php nh vy, hc tp nhun nhuyn c ngn ln, tm t duy qun st, thy r rng v hiu thu su xa.

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168

Li na, ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht c bn tng thng tm, sng an lc trong i hin ti, d c ch khng kh. Li na, ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht tu hnh tr tu, qun st s hng khi v suy tn ca cc php, chng c nh tht tr, c s sng sut ca Thnh tu, phn bit r rng, chn chnh dt ht kh. Li na, ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht dt sch cc lu, khng cn kt s, tm gii thot, tu gii thot, ngay trong i hin ti t tri, t gic, t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr, S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Ny Bch Tnh, T-kheo X-li-pht thnh tu nm php ny, cc ngi nn knh mn tn trng. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi Bch Tnh v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

23. KINH TR [451a] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi T-kheo Mu-li-ph-qun-nu1 x gii, b o. T-kheo Hc X2 nghe T-kheo Mu-li-ph-qun-nu, x gii, b o, lin n ch Tn gi X-li-pht, ci u ly di chn ri ngi xung mt bn. Ngi xong, tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, ngi nn bit T-kheo Mu-li-ph-qun-nu, x gii, b o. Tn gi X-li-pht ni rng: T-kheo Mu-li-ph-qun-nu c vui thch trong gio php khng? Tn gi Hc X hi li rng: Tn gi X-li-pht c vui thch trong gio php nykhng? Tn gi X-li-pht tr li rng: Ny Hc X, ti khng h c s nghi hoc i vi gio php ny. T-kheo Hc X li hi rng: Tn gi X-li-pht i vi nhng vic trong tng lai th nh th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tr li rng: Ti i vi nhng vic trong tng lai th cng khng c g do d. T-kheo Hc X nghe vy ri, lin t ch ngi ng dy, i n ch Pht ci u l di chn Pht, ri ngi xung mt bn, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Tn gi X-li-pht va ri t tuyn b l chng c tr3, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sinh na. c Th Tn nghe xong bo mt v T-kheo:

Mu-li-ph-qun-nu [-+]. Pli: Moliyaphagguna. Hc X . Pli: Kalrakhattiya. 3 Hn: thuyt c tr . Pli: a vykat, tuyn b v cu cnh tr. tc tuyn b chng c A-la-hn (arahatta vykata).
2

KINH TR

170

Ngi hy n ch X-li-pht ni rng c Th Tn mun gi Thy. T-kheo y vng li Pht dy, lin t ch ngi ng dy ly Pht ri i n ch Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: c Th Tn gi Tn gi X-li-pht. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri lin i n trc Pht, ci u l ri ngi xung mt bn. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, c tht va ri thy t tuyn b l chng c tr, bit nh tht, rng S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na chng? Tn gi X-li-pht bch rng: Bch Th Tn, khng phi vi li vn y, khng phi i vi cu y m con ni v ngha y. c Th Tn bo: Ny X-li-pht, mt thin nam t ty phng tin4 m tuyn thuyt, h c chng c tr, th tuyn b chng c tr. Tn gi X-li-pht bch rng: Bch Th Tn, con va ni khng phi vi li y, khng phi vi cu y m con ni v ngha y. c Th Tn hi: Ny X-li-pht nu c ng phm hnh no n hi thy th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, bit th no, thy th no, c th t tuyn b l chng c tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn [451b] ti sanh na? Ny X-li-pht nghe nh vy thy s tr li sao? Tn gi X-li-pht tr li rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c ng phm hnh n hi con rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, bit th no, thy th no, c th t tuyn b l chng c tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na? Bch Th Tn, nu c ng phm

Hn: ty k phng tin . Pli: yena kenaci pariyyena, bng php mn (phng php) no.

KINH TR 171

hnh n hi con nh vy, con s tr li nh vy: Ch Hin, sanh c nhn. Nhn ca s sanh y dit tn, th bit nhn ca s sanh dit tn; ti t tuyn b l chng c tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na? Bch Th Tn nu c ng phm hnh n hi con nh vy, con s tr li nh th. c Th Tn khen rng: Hay thay! Hay thay! Nu cc ng phm hnh n hi nh th, thy nn tr li nh vy. V sao th? V ni nh th nn bit l ngha. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, nu c ng phm hnh n hi thy th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, s sanh5 do nhn g, duyn g, sanh g, cn bn g6? Thy nghe nhng cu hi , tr li nh th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tha: Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, s sanh t nhn g, t nhn g, duyn g, sanh g, cn bn g? Con nghe nh vy s tr li rng: Ny Ch Hin, s sanh t nhn l hu, t duyn l hu, t sanh l hu, t cn bn l hu. Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con nh th, con s tr li nh vy. c Th Tn khen: Hay thay! Hay thay! X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy nh th, thy nn tr li nh th. V sao th? V ni nh vy nn bit l ngha. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy th ny: Tha
5

Sanh , Pl.: jti, trong 12 chi. Hn: nhn, duyn, sanh, bn : bn hnh tng ca nhn tp khi (samudaya). Cf. Cu-x 16 (tr. 135c6), bn hnh tng ca tp : nhn, tp sanh, duyn. Pl., thnh c: kindn kisamuday kmjtik kipabhav, duyn do (nhn duyn) g, tp khi g, sanh (=chng loi) g, bn nguyn g. S gii: yasm ta tato samudeti jyati pabhavati, tasm samudayo jti pabhavo, ci m t n khi ln, ci l tp ki; ci m t n c sanh ra, ci l sanh; ci m t n pht sanh, ci l bn nguyn
6

KINH TR

172

Tn gi X-li-pht, hu t nhn g, duyn g, sanh g, cn bn g? Thy nghe nhng li y s tr li th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con rng Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, hu t nhn g, duyn g, sanh g, cn bn g? Bch Th Tn con nghe nh vy, con s tr li th ny: Ny Ch Hin, hu t nhn l th, 7 duyn l th, sanh g, cn bn l th. Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con nh th, con s tr li nh vy. c Th Tn khen rng: Hay thay! Hay thay! X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy nh th, thy nn tr li nh th. V sao th? [451c] V ni nh vy nn bit l ngha. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, th t nhn g, duyn g, sanh g, cn bn g? Thy nghe nhng li y s tr li th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con rng Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, th t nhn g, duyn g, sanh g, cn bn g? Bch Th Tn, con nghe nh vy, con s tr li th ny: Ny Ch Hin, th t nhn l i, duyn l i, sanh l i, cn bn l i. Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con nh th, con s tr li nh vy. c Th Tn khen rng: Hay thay! Hay thay! X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy nh th, thy nn tr li nh th. V sao th? V ni nh vy nn bit l ngha. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, th no l i?8 Thy nghe nhng li y s tr li th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng:
7 8

Hn: th . Pli: updna. Pl. (S. ii. 53), vn hi nh trn: i t nhn g,?

KINH TR 173

Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con rng Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, th no l i? Bch Th Tn, con nghe nh vy, con s tr li th ny: Ny Ch Hin, c ba cm th9: cm th lc, cm th kh, cm th khng lc khng kh. trong m ham mun, m trc, gi l i. Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi con nh th, con s tr li nh vy. c Th Tn khen rng: Hay thay! Hay thay! X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy nh th, thy nn tr li nh th. V sao th? V ni nh vy nn bit l ngha. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, bit th no, thy th no i vi ba th khng ham mun, m trc? Thy nghe vy ri tr li th no? Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, bit th no, thy th no i vi ba th khng ham mun, m trc? Nghe vy ri, con s tr li rng: Ny Ch Hin, ba th ny l php v thng php kh, php dit. Php v thng tc l kh; thy kh ri lin khng cn ham mun, m trc i vi ba th. Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi nh th, con s tr li nh vy. c Th Tn khen rng: Hay thay! Hay thay! X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy nh th, thy nn tr li nh th. V sao th? [452a] V ni nh vy nn bit l ngha. By gi c Th Tn bo rng: Ny X-li-pht, li ni ny cn c ngha na li ni y c th tr li vn tt. Ny X-li-pht, nhng g c cm th, nhng g c to tc, thy u l kh10. Ny X-li-pht, gi l cn mt ngha na li ni y c th c tr li vn tt.
9

Hn: gic . Pli: vedna. Pli: ya kici vedayita ta dukkhasmi ti, ci g c cm th, ci y trong kh.
10

KINH TR

174

c Th Tn hi rng: Ny X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, bi x11 th no t tuyn b l chng c tr, bit nh tht, rng S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na? Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, nu c ng phm hnh n hi con th ny: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, bi x th no t tuyn b l chng c tr, bit nh tht, rng S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na? Con nghe nh vy s tr li th ny: Ny Ch Hin, ti do bi x bn trong 12 m dit tn cc i 13, khng kinh hi, khng s st, khng nghi, khng hoc, thc hnh s th h nh vy. Th h nh th ri khng sanh ra lu bt thin 14. Bch Th Tn, nu cc ng phm hnh hi con nh th, con s tr li nh vy. c Th Tn khen rng: Hay thay! Hay thay! X-li-pht, nu cc ng phm hnh n hi thy nh th, thy nn tr li nh th. V sao th? V ni nh vy nn bit l ngha. c Pht bo rng: Ny X-li-pht, li ni ny cn c ngha na li ni y c th tr li vn tt. i vi nhng kt s m Sa-mn ni n 15, nhng kt s y khng tn ti ni ta, thc hnh s th h nh vy; th h nh th ri khng cn sanh ra lu bt thin na. Ny X-li-pht, gi l cn c ngha na li ni y c th tr li vn tt. c Th Tn ni nh vy ri, lin t ch ngi ng dy i vo tnh tht tnh ta. Sau khi c Th Tn i vo tnh tht chng bao lu, Tn gi X-li-pht bo cc T-kheo rng:
Hn: bi nhi bt hng , cng ni l bi x, y ch (tm) gii thot, m dit th tng nh l cao nht. Pli: vimokkh. 12 Hn: ni bi nhi bt hng . Pli: ajjhatta vimokkh. 13 Pli: sabbupdnakkhay, tt c chp th dit tn. 14 Pli: yath sata viharanta sav nussavanti, do sng chnh nim nh th cc lu khng cn r chy. 15 Pli: ye sav samanena vutt, nhng lu hoc m Sa-mn ni n.
11

KINH TR 175

Ny Ch Hin, thot tin ti cha kp gi m c Th Tn li hi ngha , ti ngh rng s khng tr li c. Ny Ch Hin, khi ti ni ra ngha th nht lin c c Th Tn tn thn, ti li ngh th ny: Nu c Th Tn trong mt ngy mt m, vi nhng li khc vi nhng cu khc, m hi ti v ngha ny, th ti vn c th trong mt ngy mt m, vi nhng li khc, cu khc m tr li c Th Tn v ngha y. Nu c Th Tn trong hai, ba, bn ngy cho n by ngy by m vi nhng li khc cu khc m hi ti v ngha ny, th ti vn c th trong hai, ba, bn cho n by ngy by m vi nhng li khc, cu khc m tr li c Th Tn v [452b] ngha y. T-kheo Hc X nghe Tn gi X-li-pht ni nhng li y ri, lin t ch ngi ng dy, vi n ch Pht bch rng: Sau khi Th Tn vo tnh tht chng bao lu, Tn gi X-li-pht ni rt to chng thua g ting rng ca s t, rng: Ny Ch Hin, thot tin ti cha kp gi m c Th Tn li hi ngha , ti ngh rng s khng tr li c. Ny Ch Hin, khi ti ni ra ngha th nht lin c c Th Tn tn thn, ti li ngh th ny: Nu c Th Tn trong mt ngy mt m, vi nhng li khc vi nhng cu khc, m hi ti v ngha ny, th ti vn c th trong mt ngy mt m, vi nhng li khc, cu khc m tr li c Th Tn v ngha y. Nu c Th Tn trong hai, ba, bn ngy cho n by ngy by m vi nhng li khc cu khc m hi ti v ngha ny, th ti vn c th trong hai, ba, bn cho n by ngy by m vi nhng li khc, cu khc m tr li c Th Tn v ngha y. c Th Tn bo rng: Ny Hc X, tht nh vy! Tht nh vy! Nu Ta trong mt ngy mt m, vi nhng li khc vi nhng cu khc, m hi T-kheo Xli-pht v ngha ny, th T-kheo X-li-pht vn c th trong mt ngy mt m, vi nhng li khc, cu khc m tr li Ta v ngha y. Ny Hc X, nu Ta trong hai, ba, bn ngy cho n by ngy by m vi nhng li khc cu khc m hi T-kheo X-li-pht v ngha ny, th T-kheo X-li-pht vn c th trong hai, ba, bn cho n by ngy by m vi nhng li khc, cu khc m tr li Ta v

KINH TR

176

ngha y. V sao th? Ny Hc X, T-kheo X-li-pht thu t su xa v php gii16 vy. Pht thuyt nh vy, Tn gi X-li-pht v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

16

Hn: thm t php gii .Pli: dhammadhtu-suppaividha, l gii su c v php gii.

24. KINH S T HNG Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm vn Cp C c. By gi, Th Tn cng vi i chng T-kheo an c ma ma ti nc X-v. Tn gi X-li-pht cng an c ma ma ti nc X-v. Lc y Tn gi X-li-pht an c ma ma ti nc X-v xong, tri qua ba thng, sau khi v sa cc y ri, lin xp y m bt n ch c Pht, ci u nh l di chn Pht, lui qua mt bn ri tha rng: Bch Th Tn, con an c ma ma nc X-v va xong. Bch Th Tn, by gi con mun tr trong nhn gian. c Pht [452c] ni rng: Ny X-li-pht, ngi hy i n ni no theo mun. Nhng ngi no cha c ha hy khin cho c ha . Nhng ngi no cha c gii thot hy khin cho h c gii thot. Nhng ngi no cha chng Nit-bn hy cho chng c Nit-bn. Ny X-li-pht, ngi hy i n ni no theo mun. Ri th, Tn gi X-li-pht sau khi nghe nhng li Pht ni, ghi nh k, lin t ch ngi ng dy, ci u nh l di chn Pht, i quanh ba vng, ri lui ra, tr v phng ring, dn dp ging gh, xp y, m bt, ra i tr trong nhn gian. Sau khi Tn gi X-li-pht ra i chng bao lu, c mt ng phm hnh trc c Pht phm vo php tng vi1, v y bch Th Tn: Hm nay Tn gi X-li-pht sau khi khinh mn con ri i tr trong nhn gian. c Th Tn nghe ri, bo mt v T-kheo rng: Ngi hy tm n ch X-li-pht, bo vi X-li-pht rng: c Th Tn gi thy rng, sau khi thy i khng bao lu c mt ng phm hnh trc Ta phm php tng vi, ni th ny: Bch Th Tn, hm nay Tn gi X-li-pht sau khi khinh mn con, ri i tr trong
1

Hn: phm tng vi php . C l Pli (A. iv. 374): khyadhamma panno (pajjati): ri vo trng thi u ut; ang cn bt bnh. y ch T-kheo kia ang c iu bt mn hay on hn ngi Sriputta.

KINH S T HONG

178

nhn gian. Th Tn nghe xong, lin bo mt T-kheo: Ngi hy i n X-li-pht ni rng Th Tn cho gi Thy. V T-kheo kia vng li c Pht dy, ri ch ngi ng dy, nh l c Pht ri ra i. By gi Tn gi A-nan ng sau c Th Tn, ang cm qut hu c Pht. Sau khi v T-kheo kia i chng bao lu, Tn gi A-nan lin cm cha kha ca, i n khp cc phng, gp cc v T-kheo no cng ni nh th ny: Lnh thay, Ch Tn, hy kp n ging ng. V hm nay Tn gi Xli-pht s ng trc c Pht m rng ting s t. Nhng g m Tn gi X-li-pht ni ra u su xa, tch tnh trong tch tnh, vi diu trong vi diu. Nhng li nh vy sau khi cc v v ti nghe c ri, nn kho tng tp, nn kho ghi nh. Cc T-kheo nghe Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy, tt c u n ging ng. By gi v T-kheo kia n ch Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: c Th Tn gi Thy, bo rng, sau khi Thy i khng bao lu c mt ng phm hnh trc c Th Tn, phm php tng vi, ni th ny: Bch Th Tn, hm nay Tn gi X-li-pht sau khi khinh mn con, ri i tr trong nhn gian. Tn gi X-li-pht sau khi nghe nh vy, lin ri ch ngi ng dy, i n ch c Pht, ci u nh l ri lui sang mt bn. c Pht lin bo rng: Ny X-li-pht, sau khi ngi i khng bao lu, c mt ng phm hnh trc Ta, phm php tng vi, ni th ny: Bch Th Tn hm nay Tn gi X-li-pht sau khi khinh mn con, ri i tr trong nhn gian. Ny X-li-pht, c tht sau khi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri ngi i tr trong nhn gian chng? [453a] Tn gi X-li-pht bch rng: Bch Th Tn, nu ngi no khng c nim thn trn thn2 th ngi
2

Hn: thn thn nim . Pli: kye kyagatsati anupahit, chnh nim v thn hnh (cc ng thi ca thn) c xc lp trn thn.

KINH S T HONG 179

y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, v sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, nh mt con tru gy sng3, rt nhng nhn, hin lnh, d sai khin, d ch ng. N t thn ny i n thn khc, t xm ny i n xm khc; nhng ni n i qua, khng c g b xm phm. Bch Th Tn, con cng vy. Tm con nh con tru gy sng, khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, nh con ca mt ngi Chin--la4 b cht hai tay, tm rt thp hn. N t thn ny i n thn khc, t xm ny i n xm khc, nhng ni n i ngang qua khng c g b xm phm. Bch Th Tn con cng nh th. Tm con nh con ca mt ngi Chin--la b cht hai tay, khng kt, khng on, khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh mt t dung np tt c sch, bn, i tin, tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming. t khng phi v th m khi s thng ght, khng ly lm s nhc, xu xa, khng h, cng khng thn. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Tm con nh mt t kia, khng ght, khng on, cng khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr
Hn: tit gic ngu . Pli: usabho chinnaviso, con tru cha (tru c) m cp sng b ct. 4 Hn: Chin--la , ngi thuc giai cp cng inh, ngoi giai cp. Pli: cala.
3

KINH S T HONG

180

trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh dng nc ra sch tt c cc sch, bn, i tin, tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming. Nc y khng v th m c s yu ght, khng ly lm s nhc, xu xa, khng h, cng khng thn. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Tm con nh nc kia, khng ght, khng on, cng khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c [453b] nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh ngn la t chy tt c cc sch, bn, i tin, tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming. La khng v th m c s yu ght, khng ly lm s nhc, xu xa, khng h, cng khng thn. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Tm con nh la kia, khng ght, khng on, cng khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh ngn gi thi bay i sch bn, i tin, tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming. Gi cng khng v th m c s yu ght, khng ly lm s nhc, xu xa, khng h, cng khng thn. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Tm con nh gi kia, khng ght, khng on, cng khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh cy chi qut sch bn, sch, i tin, tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming. Chi vn khng v th m c s yu ght, khng ly lm s nhc, xu xa, khng h, cng khng thn. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Tm con nh cy chi kia, khng ght, khng on, cng khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng

KINH S T HONG 181

phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh ci gi lau5, chi lau tt c cc bn sch, i tin tiu tin, nc mi nc ming, ci gi lau cng khng v th m c s yu ght, khng ly lm s nhc, xu xa, khng h, cng khng thn. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh vy. Tm con nh ci g lau kia, khng ght, khng on, cng khng sn nhu, khng no hi, rng ln, v bin, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, [453c] lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh ci bnh ng du m 6 nt n nhiu ch. Ngi ta ng y m ri n di nh mt tri. N chy r khp, thm t tt c. Nu ngi c mt ng bt c ni no, s thy bnh m y, nt n nhiu ch, ng y m ri c di nh mt tri, chy r khp, thm t tt c. Bch Th Tn, con cng nh th. Con thng qun st thn ny c chn l, bt tnh chy r khp, thm t khp. Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Bch Th Tn, cng nh mt ngi a thch tui thiu nin ca mnh, tm gi sch s, xng thn th bng hng thoa, mc o trng, eo vng ngc trang sc; co ru, sa tc, u i trng hoa. By gi nu em ba xc cht m qun quanh ni c hng; xc rn cht, xc ngi cht, xc ch cht, mu bm xanh, snh trng to ln, rt thi tha, ra nt, nc nhp chy trn. Ngi y s m lng h thn, rt ght bn u . Bch Th Tn, con cng nh th; con lun lun qun st nhng ch thi tha khng sch s trong thn ny, trong tm hng h thn, rt ght vt cu u . Bch Th Tn, nu ai khng c nim thn trn thn th ngi
Nguyn bn Hn: b-chin-ni . Pli: puchan, ci gi lau. Hn: cao bnh . Pli: medakathlika; bnh (h) ng du hay m nu n.
6 5

KINH S T HONG

182

y mi khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian. Bch Th Tn, con kho c nim thn trn thn, lm sao con li khinh mn mt ng phm hnh ri i tr trong nhn gian? Lc by gi v T-kheo kia lin t ch ngi ng dy, ci u l st chn Pht bch rng: Bch Th Tn, con xin sm hi. Bch Thin Th, con xin sm hi. Con nh ngu, nh si, nh ngi bt nh, nh ngi bt thin. V sao th? V con em li di tr vu khng T-kheo X-li-pht, l ng phm hnh thanh tnh. Bch Th Tn, con nay xin sm hi ti li, ci mong Th Tn chp nhn cho. Sau khi con pht l ri, s khng cn to ti na. c Th Tn bo rng: Qu tht vy, ny T-kheo! Ngi tht nh ngu, nh si, nh ngi bt nh, nh ngi bt thin. V sao th? V ngi em li di tr hon ton khng chn tht vu khng T-kheo X-li-pht phm hnh thanh tnh. Ngi c th sm hi ti li, pht l ri sau ny s khng cn to ti na. Nu c ngi no sm hi ti li pht l ri, sau ny khng cn to ti na, nh th s c trng thnh trong Thnh php lut m chng b suy gim. Th ri c Th Tn bo Tn gi X-li-pht rng: Ngi nn sn sng nhn s sm hi ti li ca ngi ngu si kia, ch T-kheo y lp tc trc ngi m u b v thnh by mnh. Tn gi X-li-pht v thng xt T-kheo kia nn lin nhn s sm hi ti li. c Pht thuyt nh vy. [454a] Tn gi X-li-pht v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

25. KINH THY D (2) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht bo cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, hm nay ti s ni nm php tr no1 cho cc v. Hy lng nghe, hy kho suy ngh! Cc v T-kheo vng li lng nghe. Tn gi X-li-pht ni rng: (i) Nhng g l nm? Ny Ch Hin, hoc c mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, nhng khu hnh thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b2. Li na, ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi hoc khu hnh khng thanh tnh nhng thn hnh thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b. Li na, ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu hnh khng thanh tnh, nhng tm c cht thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b. Li na, ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu v hnh khng thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b. Li na, ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi thn hnh thanh tnh, khu v hnh thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b. (ii.1) Ny Ch Hin, hoc c mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, nhng khu hnh thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b nh th no?3 Ny Ch Hin, cng nh T-kheo A-lan-

Ng tr no php . Pli (A. iii. 186). : paca ghtapaivinay, nm yu t km ch s hn gin. 2 Pli: evrupe puggale ghto paivinetabbo, s hn gin cn c km ch i vi ngi (c thn hnh) nh vy. 3 Ngha l, lm cch no khng khi tm hn gin i vi con ngi nh

KINH THUY DU

184

nh4 th tr y o phn to5, thy vi xu vt trong ng rc, bn dy hoc v b i tin; hoc tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming v cc bt tnh khc thm bn. Thy ri, tay tri cm ln; tay phi cng rng ra; nu chng phi b i tin, tiu tin, nc mi, nc ming v cc bt tnh khc thm bn, li khng c rch lng, lin xp ct ly. Cng vy, ny Ch Hin, i vi mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, nhng khu hnh thanh tnh, ch ngh thn hnh khng thanh tnh, m ch ngh n khu hnh thanh tnh ca ngi y. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi hoc khu hnh khng thanh tnh nhng thn hnh thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin; nn tr b nh th no? Ny Ch Hin, cng nh cch thn xm khng xa, c h nc rt su, ru c che lp. C ngi i n, rt nng bc, phin mun, i kht, mt mi, b gi nng bc bch. [454b] Ngi y n ni h, ci o trn b, ri nhy xung h, hai tay khot ru ra, khoan khoi mc tnh tm ra, tr b nng bc, phin mun, i kht, mt mi. Cng vy, ny Ch Hin, i vi mt ngi khu khng tnh hnh, nhng thn hnh tnh hnh, ch ngh v khu hnh khng thanh tnh m hy ngh v thn hnh thanh tnh ca ngi y. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin; nn on tr nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu hnh khng thanh tnh, nhng tm c cht thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b nh th no? Ny Ch Hin, nh trn con ng ng t c nc trong du chn tru. C mt ngi i n, trong lc ang qu nng bc, phin mun, i kht, mt mi, gi nng bc bch. Ngi y ngh th ny: Mc d nc trong l chn tru ng t ng ny t, nu ta dng tay hoc l cy mc ly, th s quy thnh c ngu, khng th tr b s nng bc v cng, phin mun, i kht, mt mi, cho ta. Ta hy nn qu xung, tay v u gi p st mt t, dng ming ung nc. Ngi y lin qu di xung, tay v u gi p
vy. 4 Nguyn bn Hn: A-luyn-nh T-kheo . Pli: araaka-bhikkhu, T-kheo sng trong rng vng; khng sng trong cc tinh x. 5 Hn: tr phn to y . Pli: pasakulika, ngi tu theo hnh ch mc y phc t vi b ling b nh l rc.

KINH THUY DU 185

st mt t, dng ming ung nc. Ngi y lin tr c s nng bc v cng, phin mun, i kht, mt mi. Cng vy, ny Ch Hin, i vi ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu hnh khng thanh tnh, nhng tm c cht thanh tnh, ch nn ngh n thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu hnh khng thanh tnh, m ch nn ngh n tm c cht thanh tnh ca ngi y. Ny Ch Hin, nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin; nn on tr nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu v hnh khng thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b nh th no? Ny Ch Hin, cng nh c ngi i xa trn con ng di; na ng mc bnh rt l khn n, ho ht, c c, khng bn b; thn xm pha sau cng lc cng xa m thn xm pha trc li cha n. Nu c ngi i n, ng bn cnh, thy ngi b hnh ny i xa trn con ng di, na ng mc bnh rt l khn n, ho ht, c c, khng bn b, thn xm pha sau cng lc cng xa m thn xm pha trc th cha n. Ngi kia nu c ngi chm sc, t gia cnh ng xa xi dt n thn p, cho ung thang thuc hay, bi dng bng ngon m diu, c chm sc k lng; nh vy ngi y chc chn c lnh bt. l ngi kia c lng thng xt, c t nim i vi ngi bnh ny. Cng vy, ny Ch Hin, hoc mt ngi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu v hnh khng thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, nn ngh th ny: V ny thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu v hnh khng thanh tnh, ng cho v ny do bi thn hnh khng thanh tnh, khu v hnh khng thanh tnh, m khi thn hoi mng chung thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Nu v ny gp thin tri thc, [454c] s b thn hnh khng thanh tnh tu thn hnh thanh tnh; tr b khu v hnh khng thanh tnh tu khu v hnh thanh tnh. Do vy, v ny s do thn hnh thanh tnh, khu v hnh thanh tnh m khi thn hoi mng chung chc chn sanh n thin x, cho n sanh thin gii. l v kia c lng thng xt, c t nim i vi v ny. Nu ngi c tr m sanh lng hn gin, nn on tr nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, hoc c mt ngi thn hnh thanh tnh, khu v hnh thanh tnh. Nu ngi c tr thy, gi s sanh hn gin, phi nn tr b nh th no? Ny Ch Hin, cng nh ngoi thn xm khng xa, c h nc tt, trong li ngt, y su bng phng, y n, c bic ngp b, bn pha c cy c. Nu c ngi n, rt nng bc, phin mun, i

KINH THUY DU

186

kht, mt mi, gi nng bc bch. Ngi kia n b ri, ci o trn b, nhy xung h, khoan khoi mc tnh tm ra, tr b s nng bc, phin mun, i kht, mt mi. Cng vy, ny Ch Hin, hoc c mt ngi thn hnh thanh tnh, khu v hnh thanh tnh, hy thng nn ngh n thn hnh thanh tnh, khu v hnh thanh tnh ca ngi . Nu ngi c tr thy m sanh hn gin, nn tr b nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, nm php tr no m ti va ni, chnh do vy m c ni. Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Tn gi thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.6 q

Bn Hn, ht quyn 4.

26. KINH C-NI-S Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti thnh Vng X, trong rng Trc Lm, vn Calan-a. By gi T-kheo C-ni-s1 cng tr ti thnh Vng x, l ngi sng trong rng2, ci a kiu ngo, tho ng, khng chnh nim nh kh vn3. T-kheo C-ni-s v c cht vic nn n thnh Vng X. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht [455a] cng vi chng T-kheo sau gi n tra, v c cht vic nn vn tp ti ging ng. T-kheo C-ni-s sau khi lm xong vic trong thnh Vng X, i n ging ng. Tn gi X-li-pht t ng xa trong thy C-ni-s i n. Nhn C-ni-s m bo cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s4, sng ni v s, phi hc s knh trng v bit ty thun qun st 5. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m phn nhiu khng knh trng, khng bit ty thun qun st, v y s b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s nhng phn nhiu li khng bit knh trng, khng bit ty thun qun st. Nu n trong i chng, v y cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc knh trng v bit ty thun qun. Ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc hnh
C-ni-s . Pli: Gulissni (Goliyni). Hn: ti v s tht . Pli (M. i. 468): (gulissni nma bhikkhu) raiko, (T-kheo Gulissni) l ngi sng trong rng (T kheo a-lan-nh). Nhng hn dch c th t araavihr (= araaka), v vihra c ngha l tr x, cng ngha l tinh x, am tht. 3 Pli: (raiko) padasamcro, (l n s sng trong rng, nhng) l ngi c hnh vi th tho. 4 V s T-kheo , T kheo a-lan-nh sng ti a-lan-nh (rng). Pli:
2 5 1

raaka-bhikku. Pli: rakena bhikkhun saghagatena saghe viharante sabrahmacrisu sagravena bhavitabba sappatussena, T-kheo a-lan-nh (tu hnh sng rng),

khi n sng gia Tng, cn phi tn trng, cung knh cc ng phm hnh.

KINH CU-NI-S

188

khng ci gin, khng tho ng6. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m hay ci gin, tho ng, th s b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s nhng hay ci gin, tho ng. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc hnh khng ci gin, khng tho ng. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc hnh khng ni nhng ti sc sanh7. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m hay ni nhng vn sc sanh, s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s nhng hay ni nhng ti sc sanh. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc khng ni nhng ti sc sanh. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc khng kiu ngo v t ni nng. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m hay kiu ngo v ni nng nhiu s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m li hay kiu ngo v ni nng nhiu. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc khng kiu ngo v t ni nng. [455b] Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc th h cc cn. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m phn nhiu khng chu th h cc cn, s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m phn nhiu khng chu th h cc cn. Nu n
6

Hn: bt iu tiu, bt to nhiu . Pli: anuddhata, khng tro c, acapala, khng no ng. 7 Hn: sc sanh lun . Pli: tiracchna-kath, cu chuyn bn v cc vn t vua cha, trm cp cho n chuyn sng bin, nam n linh tnh; chuyn v ch, tr ngi s tu tp. Nhng, on ny, trong bn Pli tng ng: amukhararena bhavitabba avikiavcena, khng nn lm li, khng nn ni tp nhp.

KINH CU-NI-S 189

trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc th h cc cn. Ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc bit trong s n ung. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m ham n qu d, qu nhiu, khng bit , s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m m ham n qu d, qu nhiu, khng bit . Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc bit trong s n ung. Ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc tinh tn khng gii i. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m li thng khng tinh tn, hay gii i, s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m thng khng tinh tn, tri li cn gii i. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc tinh tn, khng gii i. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc chnh nim v chnh tr. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m khng hc chnh nim chnh tr, s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m thng khng c chnh nim chnh tr. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc chnh nim chnh tr. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc bit thi v ng thi; khng i vo thn kht thc qu sm, cng chng tr v qu tr. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m vo [455c] thn kht thc qu sm v tr v qu tr, s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m vo thn kht thc qu sm v tr v qu tr. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc bit thi v ng thi.

KINH CU-NI-S

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Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc bit ngi v ngi ng ch; khng ln ch ngi ca v Trng lo, b T-kheo nh khin trch8. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s, sng ni v s m chim ch ngi ca bc trng lo, b cc T-kheo nh ch trch, s b cc T-kheo ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m chim ch ngi ca cc bc trng lo, b cc T-kheo nh ch trch. Nu n trong i chng, cng b cc T-kheo thng hay ch trch, ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s nn hc bit ngi v ngi ng ch. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc tho lun v Lut v A-t-m9. V sao th. Ny Ch Hin, khi T-kheo v s sng ni v s, hoc c ngi n hi v Lut v A-t-m. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s sng ni v s m khng bit tr li v Lut v At-m, th lm cho cc T-kheo khc thng ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi v s ny sng ni v s nhng khng bit tr li v Lut v A-t-m. Nu n gia i chng cng lm cho cc T-kheo thng ch trch ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s sng ni v s nn hc tho lun v Lut v A-t-m. Ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc tho lun v tch tnh gii thot10 v ly sc11 cho n v sc nh12. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, khi T-kheo v s sng ni v s, hoc c ngi n hi v tch tnh gii thot v ly sc cho n v sc nh. Ny Ch Hin, nu Tkheo v s sng ni v s m khng bit tr li v tch tnh gii thot v ly sc cho n v sc nh th lm cho cc T-kheo khc thng ch
Pli: there ca bhikkh nnupakhajja nisdissmi nave ca bhikkh na sanena paibhissmi, khng chim ch ngi ca cc T-kheo Thng ta; khng ui
9 8

cc v tn T-kheo khi ch ngi. Lut, A-t-m . Pli: abhivinaya, abhidhamma, ch phn tinh ngha ca lut (vinaya) v php (dhamma); khng phi A-t-m ca Lun tng. 10 Hn: tc gii thot . Pli: santa-vimokka. 11 Hn: ly sc . Pli: atikkamma rpe, vt qua sc php. 12 Hn: ni ch v sc nh . Pli: rupp tattha yogo karayo, tu tp v cc v sc.

KINH CU-NI-S 191

trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s ny m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi v s ny sng ni v s nhng khng bit tr li v tch tnh gii thot v ly sc cho n v sc nh. Nu n gia i chng cng lm cho cc T-kheo thng ch trch ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s [456a] sng ni v s nn hc tho lun v tch tnh gii thot v ly sc cho n v sc nh. Ny Ch Hin, thy T-kheo v s, sng ni v s, nn hc tho lun v lu tn tr thng. V sao th. Ny Ch Hin, khi T-kheo v s sng ni v s, hoc c ngi n hi v lu tn tr thng. Ny Ch Hin, nu T-kheo v s sng ni v s m khng bit tr li v lu tn tr thng, th lm cho cc T-kheo khc thng ch trch ct vn: V Hin gi ny sng ni v s ny m lm g? V sao th? V Hin gi v s ny sng ni v s nhng khng bit tr li v lu tn tr thng. Nu n gia i chng cng lm cho cc T-kheo thng ch trch ct vn. Do , ny Ch Hin, T-kheo v s sng ni v s nn hc tho lun v lu tn tr thng. Lc y, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin cng hin din trong i chng. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, ch nhng T-kheo v s sng ni v s mi nn hc nhng php nh vy, ch khng phi l nhng T-kheo gia ngi i13 sao? Tn gi X-li-pht tr li rng: Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, T-kheo v s sng ni v s cn nn hc nhng php nh vy hung g l T-kheo sng gia nhn gian? Nh vy hai v Tn gi cng khen tn ln nhau, tn thn Lnh thay! Sau khi nghe nhng iu c ni, t ch ngi ng dy m i. Knh trng, khng ci ct, Khng phim lun, kiu ngo, H cn, n bit , Tinh tn, chnh nim, tr, Bit thi, ngi ng ch, Tho lun Lut, T-m,
Hn: nhn gian T-kheo . Pli: gmantavihrin, (T-kheo) sng ti cc thn xm.
13

KINH CU-NI-S

192

V tch tnh gii thot, Lu tn thng cng vy. q

27. KINH PHM CH -NHIN Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti thnh Vng X trong rng Trc, vn Ca-lan-a, cng chng i T-kheo an c ma ma. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht ang nc X-v cng an c ma ma. Lc y, c mt T-kheo thnh Vng X, sau khi tri qua ba thng an c ma ma xong, v sa li cc y, ri xp y, m bt t thnh Vng X i n nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. T-kheo y i n ch Tn gi X-li-pht, [456b] ci u nh l di chn ri ngi sang mt bn. Tn gi X-li-pht hi: Ny Hin gi, Th Tn an c ti thnh Vng X. Thnh th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng khng? V T-kheo p: Tht vy, bch Tn gi X-li-pht. Th Tn an c ti thnh Vng X. Thnh th c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi v kh lc bnh thng. Li hi: Ny Hin gi, i chng T-kheo v i chng T-kheo-ni an c ma ma ti thnh Vng x; Thnh th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng khng? C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php khng? p: Tht vy, bch Tn gi X-li-pht. i chng T-kheo v i chng T-kheo-ni an c ma ma ti thnh Vng x; Thnh th an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng. C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php. Li hi: Ny Hin gi, chng u-b-tc v chng u-b-di tr ti thnh Vng X, thn th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN

194

mi, kh lc bnh thng khng? C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php khng? p: Tht vy, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. Chng u-b-tc v chng u-bdi tr ti thnh Vng X, thn th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng. C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php. Li hi: Ny Hin gi, tt c cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc an c ma ma ti thnh Vng x, thn th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng khng? C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php khng? Tr li rng: Tht vy, tha Tn gi X-li-pht, tt c cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc an c ma ma ti thnh Vng x, thn th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng. C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php. Li hi rng: Ny Hin gi, ti thnh Vng X c mt B-la-mn tn l nhin1, vn l bn ca ti trc kia ti cha xut gia; Hin gi c bit v y khng? Tr li rng: Tha c bit. Li hi rng: Hin gi, B-la-mn -nhin thnh Vng X, thn th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng khng? C thng xuyn thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php khng? p: Tn gi X-li-pht, B-la-mn -nhin thnh Vng X, thn

-nhin . Pli: mt ngi B-la-mn tn l Dhnajni (cng vit, Dhanajni), Taulaplidvra; khng ni s kin l bn c.

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN 195

th an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi,[456c] kh lc bnh thng. Nhng ng y khng mun thm ving c Pht v khng a nghe php. V sao th? Tn gi X-li-pht, B-la-mn -nhin khng tinh tn, phm vo cc cm gii. ng y da th Vua di gt2 cc B-la-mn, C s; da th cc B-la-mn, c s di gt Vua. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri, v ba thng an c ma ma nc X-v qua, sau khi v sa cc y, ngi xp y, m bt t nc X-v i n thnh Vng X, trong rng Trc, vn Ca-lan-a. By gi m qua, vo lc sng sm, Tn gi X-li-pht, khoc y, m bt vo thnh X-v, ln lt i kht thc. Sau khi kht thc xong, ngi i n nh ca B-la-mn -nhin. Lc y, B-la-mn -nhin t nh i ra, n bn b sui, ang hnh h c dn3. B-la-mn -nhin t xa trng thy Tn gi X-li-pht, lin t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o, chp tay hng n Tn gi gi X-li-pht m tn thn rng: Knh cho X-li-pht, lu lm ri X-li-pht khng n y. Ri B-la-mn -nhin, vi lng cung knh, m Tn gi X-li-pht du vo nh, tri ging p m mi ngi. Tn gi X-li-pht lin ngi trn ging . B-la-mn -nhin thy Tn gi X-li-pht ngi xung, lin bng mt ci chu sa bng vng4 mi Tn gi X-li-pht n. Tn gi X-li-pht ni: Thi, thi, -nhin, ch trong lng vui l ! B-la-mn -nhin lp li ba ln mi n. Tn gi X-li-pht cng ba ln ni rng: Thi, thi, -nhin, ch trong lng vui l !
2

Hn: khi cung . Pli: rjna nissya brhmaagahapatike vilumpati, da th vua cp bc cc gia ch B-la-mn. 3 Hn: kh tr c dn . Pli: tena kho pana samayena dhanajni brhmao bahinagare gvo gohe dohapeti, Lc by gi B-la-mn Dhanajni ang sai ngi vt sa b trong chung b ngoi thnh. 4 Hn: kim to qun . Pli: ch ni mi ung sa.

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN

196

Lc B-la-mn -nhin ni rng: X-li-pht, c g vo nh nh th ny m chng chu n? p: Ny -nhin, ng khng tinh tn li phm vo cc gii cm. Da th vo Vua di gt B-la-mn, C s; da th B-la-mn, C s di gt Vua. B-la-mn -nhin tr li rng: X-li-pht, nn bit, nay ti cn sng ti gia, ly gia nghip lm bn phn. Ti cn phi lo cho mnh c an n, cung cp cha m, sn sc v con, cung cp n t, phi np thu cho Vua, th t thin thn, cng t t tin, v cn phi b th cho cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn sau ny cn c sanh ln cc ci tri, mong c trng th, c qu bo an lc. X-li-pht, cc vic y khng th no b i, mt mc theo ng php. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht bo rng: Ny -nhin, nay ti hi ng, ty theo s hiu bit m tr li. Bla-mn -nhin, ng ngh th no? Nu c ngi v cha m m [457a] to cc vic c. V to c nn khi thn hoi mng chung n i thng vo ci c, sanh vo a ngc. Sanh vo a ngc ri, khi ngc tt bt tri hnh h rt kh s, ngi y ni vi ngc tt th ny: Ngc tt, hy bit cho, ch hnh h ti. V sao? Ti v cha m m to cc nghip c. Th no, -nhin, ngi y c th thot khi s kh s y bi ngc tt khng? B-la-mn -nhin tr li rng: Khng th. Li hi: Ny -nhin, ng ngh th no? Nu c ngi v v con m to cc vic c. V to c nn khi thn hoi mng chung, n i thng vo ci d, sanh vo a ngc. Sanh vo a ngc ri, khi b ngc tt bt tri, hnh h rt kh s, ngi y ni vi ngc tt nh th ny: Ngc tt, hy bit cho, ch hnh h ti. V sao? Ti v v con m to cc nghip c. Th no, -nhin, ngi y c th no thot khi s kh s y vi ngc tt khng? B-la-mn -nhin tr li rng: Khng th.

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN 197

Li hi: Ny -nhin, ng ngh th no? Nu c ngi v n t m to cc vic c, v to c nn khi thn hoi mng chung, n i thng vo ci c, sanh vo a ngc. Sanh vo a ngc ri, khi b ngc tt bt tri hnh h rt kh s, ngi y ni vi ngc tt nh th ny: Ngc tt, hy bit cho, ch hnh h ti. V sao? Ti v n t m to cc nghip c. Th no, -nhin, ngi y c th no thot khi s kh s y vi ngc tt khng? B-la-mn -nhin tr li rng: Khng th. Li hi: Ny -nhin, ng ngh th no? Nu c ngi v quc vng, v thin thn, v t tin, v Sa-mn, B-la-mn m to cc vic c. V to c nn khi thn hoi mng chung, n i thng vo ci c, sanh vo a ngc. Sanh vo a ngc ri, khi b ngc tt bt tri hnh h rt kh s, ngi y ni vi ngc tt m ni th ny: Ngc tt, hy bit cho, ch hnh h ti. V sao? Ti v quc vng, v thin thn, v t tin, v Sa-mn, B-la-mn m to cc nghip c. Th no, -nhin, ngi y c th no thot khi s kh s y vi ngc khng? B-la-mn -nhin tr li rng: Khng th. Ny -nhin, mt thin gia nam t vn c th nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c 5 m lm ra tin ca, tn trng knh phng, hiu dng cha m, lm cc vic phc c ch chng gy nghip c. Ny -nhin, mt thin gia nam t nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c, m lm ra tin ca, tn trng, knh phng, hiu dng cha m, lm cc vic phc c ch chng gy nghip c. -nhin, nu mt thin gia nam t nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c m lm ra tin ca, tn trng knh phng, hiu dng cha m, lm cc vic phc c ch chng gy nghip c, ngi y c cha m [457b] thng yu v ni th ny: Mong cho con c mnh khe, sng lu v cng. V sao

Hn: nh php nh nghip nh cng c . Pli: Sahetuk dhammik kammant: nhng ngh nghip ng php, c nhn.

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th?V ta nh con nn c an n khoi lc. Ny -nhin, nu ngi no c cha m thng yu rt mc, c ngi ngy cng tng thm, khng bao gi suy gim. Ny -nhin, mt thin gia nam t vn c th nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c m lm ra tin ca, yu thng v sn sc v con, lm cc nghip phc c ch chng gy nghip c. Ny -nhin, nu mt thin gia nam t nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c, m lm ra tin ca, yu thng v sn sc v con, lm cc nghip phc c ch chng gy nghip c, ngi y c v con tn trng, v ni th ny: Mong cho tn trng c mnh khe, sng lu v cng. V sao th? V chng ti nh tn trng nn c an n khoi lc. Ny -nhin, nu ngi no c v con tn trng rt mc, c ngi ngy cng tng thm, khng bao gi suy gim. Ny -nhin, mt thin gia nam t vn c th nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c m lm ra tin ca, yu thng, chu cp v sn sc n t, lm cc nghip phc c ch chng gy nghip c. Ny -nhin, nu mt thin gia nam t nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c, m lm ra tin ca, yu thng, chu cp v sn sc n t, lm cc nghip phc c ch chng gy nghip c, ngi y c n t tn trng, v ni th ny: Mong cho i gia c mnh khe, sng lu v cng. V sao th? V chng ti nh i gia nn c an n. Ny nhin, nu ngi no c n t tn trng rt mc, c ngi ngy cng tng thm, khng bao gi suy gim. Ny -nhin, mt thin gia nam t vn c th nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c m lm ra tin ca, tn trng cng dng cc v Sa-mn, B-la-mn, lm cc nghip phc c ch chng gy nghip c. Ny -nhin, nu mt thin gia nam t nh php, nh nghip, nh cng c, m lm ra tin ca, tn trng cng dng cc v Sa-mn, Bla-mn, lm cc nghip phc c ch chng gy nghip c, ngi y c cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn yu mn rt mc, v ni th ny: Mong cho th ch c mnh khe, sng lu v cng. V sao th? V chng ti nh th ch nn c an hng khoi lc. Ny -nhin, nu ngi no c cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn yu mn rt mc, c ngi ngy cng tng thm, khng bao gi suy gim. By gi B-la-mn -nhin lin t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o,

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN 199

chp tay hng v pha X-li-pht tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, ti c ngi v yu tn l oan Chnh6. Ti v say m n nn bung lung, to qu nhiu c nghip ti li. Tha [457c] Tn gi X-li-pht, bt u t y ti b ngi v oan Chnh kia, xin quy y vi Tn gi X-li-pht. Tn gi X-li-pht tr li rng: Ny -nhin, ng ch quy y ti. ng nn quy y ni Pht l ng m ti quy y. B-la-mn -nhin tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, t hm nay ti xin quy y Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo. Ci mong Tn gi X-li-pht nhn ti lm u-b-tc ca Pht; trn i xin t quy y cho n mng chung. Th ri Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt php cho B-la-mn -nhin, khai th, gio gii, khch l, lm cho hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin thuyt php khai th, gio gii, khch l, lm cho hoan h, Ngi lin t ch ngi ng dy, i n thnh Vng X. y c vi ngy, ngi xp y, m bt ri thnh Vng x ra i, n Nam sn7, tr trong rng Thi-nhip-ha8, thuc pha Bc thn Nam sn. By gi c mt v T-kheo i n thnh Vng X. y c vi ngy, xp y m bt t thnh Vng x ra i, n Nam sn cng tr trong rng Thi-nhip-ha, thuc pha Bc thn Nam sn. Ri v T-kheo y i n ch Tn gi X-li-pht, ci u nh l di chn ri ngi sang mt bn. Tn gi X-li-pht hi rng: Hin gi t ni no ti y v tr u? T-kheo y tr li rng: Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, ti t thnh Vng X i n y v tr
6

Bn Pli khng ni tn ngi v. S m hoc ny, trong bn Pli, l li tng thut ca v T-kheo m ngi X-li-pht hi thm cc tin tc ch khng phi l li t th ca -nhin. 7 Nam sn . Pli: Dakkhiagiri, mt ngn ni pha Nam thnh Vng x. 8 Rng cy sisapa; xem cc cht.? trn. Nam sn Bc thn v Thi-nhip-ha lm: khng r cc a danh ny.

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN

200

thnh Vng X. Li hi rng: Hin gi ngi c bit B-la-mn -nhin thnh Vng X, vn l bn ca ti xa kia lc ti cha xut gia khng? Tha c bit. Li hi rng: Ny hin gi, B-la-mn -nhin thnh Vng X, thn th c c an khang khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i li thoi mi, kh lc bnh thng v c thng thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php khng? Tr li rng: Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, B-la-mn -nhin thng n thm ving c Pht v mong mun c nghe php; nhng khng c khe mnh, kh lc dn dn suy yu. V sao vy? Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, hin gi B-la-mn -nhin mang tt bnh rt khn kh, nguy him khn chng, do c th mng chung. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe xong li y, lin xp y m bt ri Nam sn ra i, n thnh Vng X, tr trong rng Trc, vn Ca-lan-a. By gi m qua, vo lc sng sm, Tn gi X-li-pht khoc y, m bt i n nh B-la-mn -nhin. B-la-mn -nhin t ng xa trng thy Tn gi X-li-pht i n, mun ri ging ng dy. Tn gi X-li-pht thy B-la-mn -nhin mun ri ging ng dy, lin ngn ng y rng: Ny B-la-mn -nhin, ng c nm, ng ng dy. [458a] c ging khc y, ri ti s ngi ring. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht lin ngi xung ging y, ri bo rng: Hm nay bnh tnh ra sao? n ung c nhiu t? S au n bt dn, khng n ni tng thm chng? -nhin tr li rng: Bnh tnh con rt l khn n, n ung chng c g c; au n ch tng thm m khng thy gim bt t no. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, ging nh ngi lc s em con dao bn nhn m vo u, ch sanh s khn kh qu mc thi. u con hm nay cng nhc nhi ging nh vy. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, cng nh lc s ly si dy thng cht em

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN 201

qun rit chung quanh u, ch sanh s khn kh qu mc. u con hm nay cng nhc nhi ging nh vy. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, cng nh ngi m tru, em con dao bn m bng tru, ch sanh s au n qu mc. Bng con hm nay cng qun au ging nh vy. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, cng nh hai lc s bt mt ngi m yu em nng trn ngn la, ch sanh ra s au kh n cng cc. Thn th con hm nay au n, c mnh sanh ra kh s, ch tng thm ch khng gim bt; cng ging nh vy. Tn gi X-li-pht bo rng: Ny -nhin, by gi ti hi ng, ty s hiu bit m ng tr li. Ny B-la-mn -nhin, a ngc v sc sanh, ni no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: Sc sanh tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, sc sanh v ng qu, loi no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: Ng qu tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, ng qu v loi ngi, loi no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: Loi ngi tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, ngi v T Vng thin, ci no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: T thin vng tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, T Vng thin v Tam Thp Tam thin, ci no tt p? -nhin tr li rng: Tam Thp Tam thin tt p hn. Li hi rng: Tam Thp Tam thin vi Dim-ma thin ci no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng:

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN

202

Dim-ma thin tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, Dim-ma thin vi u-sut- thin, ci no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: u-sut- thin tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, u-sut- thin vi Ha Lc thin ci no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: Ha Lc thin tt p hn. Li hi rng: Ny -nhin, Ha Lc thin vi Tha Ha lc thin, ci no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: Tha Ha Lc thin t dp hn. Ny -nhin, Tha Ha lc thin vi Phm thin ci no tt p hn? -nhin tr li rng: Phm thin l tt p hn c. Phm thin l ti Thng Lm. Tn gi X-li-pht bo rng: c Th Tn l bc tri kin, l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, c ni v bn Phm tr9. Nu mt thin gia nam t hay mt thin gia n t no tu tp nhiu, on dc, x nim tng v dc, khi thn hoi mng chung [458b]s sanh ln ci Phm thin. Nhng g l bn? Ny -nhin, Thnh t a vn c tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi hai, ba bn phng, t duy v thng h, thu khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng on, khng sn hn, khng no hi, bao la, qung i, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn khp tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng
9

Phm tht : Phm tr . Pli: brahmavihra.

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN 203

vy, tm cu hu vi bi, h; vi x, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi hai, ba bn phng, t duy v thng h, thu khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng on, khng sn hn, khng no hi, bao la, qung i, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn khp tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. -nhin, l c Th Tn, l bc Tri Kin, l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, c ni v bn Phm tr. Nu mt thin gia nam t hay mt thin gia n no tu tp nhiu, on dc, x nim tng v dc, khi thn hoi mng chung s sanh ln ci Phm thin. By gi, sau khi gio ha cho -nhin, ni v php Phm thin, Tn gi X-li-pht t ch ngi ng dy m i. Tn gi X-lipht t thnh Vng X i, cha n Trc lm vn Ca-lan-a, ang na ng y, B-la-mn -nhin do tu tp bn Phm tr, on dc, x dc nim, thn hoi mng chung sanh ln ci Phm thin. By gi c Th Tn ang thuyt php cho v lng i chng ang vy quanh trc sau. c Th Tn thy Tn gi X-li-pht t ng xa i ti, ni vi cc thy T-kheo rng: T-kheo X-li-pht l bc thng tu, tc tu, tip tu, li tu, qung tu, thm tu, xut yu tu, minh t tu, bin ti tu 10; Tkheo X-li-pht thnh tu tht tu. T-kheo X-li-pht gio ha B-la-mn -nhin, ni v Phm thin ri mi v y. Nu li gio ha cao hn na th ngi kia nhanh chng bit php ty php11. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht i n ch Pht, ci u nh l di chn ri ngi sang mt bn. c Th Tn bo rng:

Hn: thng tu, tc tu, tip tu, li tu, qung tu, thm tu, xut yu tu, minh t tu, bin ti tu . Bn Pli y khng ni cc c im tr tu ca ngi X-li-pht, nhng c th tm thy on tng ng M.iii, tr, 25: paito (tu thng bc), mahpo (i tu), javanapo (tu nhy bn, tip tu), tikkhapo (tu sc bn, li tu), nibbedhikapo (tu su sc, quyt trch tu). 11 Hn: tri php nh php . Pli: dhamma-anudhamma. on vn ny, Pli tng ng: (...) sati uttarikaraye hne brahmaloke patihpetv ..., trong khi c php cao hn na cn chng, nhng l xc lp Phm thin gii...

10

KINH PHAM CH A-NHIEN

204

Ny X-li-pht, v sao ng khng gio ha B-la-mn -nhin bng mt php cao hn Phm thin? Nu ng gio ha cao hn th ngi kia s nhanh chng bit php ty php. Tn gi X-li-pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, cc B-la-mn t lu i i trc Phm thin, a thch Phm thin, cho Phm thin l rt ro, Phm thin l tn qu, tht c Phm thin l Phm thin ca ta. Do , bch Th Tn, nn con gio ha nh vy. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi X-li-pht v v lng trm nghn i chng, sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

28. KINH GIO HA BNH [458c01] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi Trng gi Cp C c1 mang bnh nguy kch. Trng gi bo ngi gip vic rng: Ngi hy i n ch c Pht, v ta m nh l di chn c Th Tn hi thm sc khe, xem Thnh th c c an khang, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i ng thoi mi, kh lc c c bnh thng khng? Ri ni nh vy: Trng gi Cp C c ci u nh l di chn Pht, thm hi c Th Tn Thnh th c c an khang, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i ng thoi mi, kh lc c c bnh thng khng? Sau khi ngi v ta m thm hi c Th Tn ri, hy i n ch Tn gi X-li-pht, hy v ta m nh l di chn ngi ri hi thm Tn gi xem Thnh th c c an khang, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i ng thoi mi, kh lc c c bnh thng khng? Ri ni nh vy: Trng gi Cp C c ci u nh l di chn Tn gi X-li-pht, thm hi Thnh th c c an khang, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i ng thoi mi, kh lc c c bnh thng khng? Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, Trng gi Cp C c ang mang bnh tt rt ngt, nay n hi nguy kch. Trng gi Cp C c vi tm ch thit rt mun c gp Tn gi X-li-pht, nhng c th qu yu ui khng cn cht kh lc i n ch Tn gi X-li-pht c. Lnh thay, Tn gi X-li-pht, xin ngi hy v lng t, mong ngi n nh Trng gi Cp C c. By gi, sau khi vng li dy ca Trng gi Cp C c, ngi gip vic lin i n ch c Pht, ci u nh l di chn c Pht ri ng sang mt bn tha rng: Bch Th Tn, Trng gi Cp C c ci u nh l di chn Pht, thm hi c Th Tn Thnh th c c an khang, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i ng thoi mi, kh lc c c bnh thng khng? c Th Tn bo s gi rng:

Trng gi Cp C c ; Pli, nathapiika.

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Mong cho Trng gi Cp C c an hng khoi lc. Mong cho Ch Thin, A-tu-la, Cn-tht-b, La-st v cc chng loi khc, thn th c an n khoi lc. Ngi gip vic nghe Pht dy nh th, ghi nh k, ci u nh l di chn Pht, i quanh ba vng, ri i n Tn gi X-li-pht, ci u nh l ri ngi sang mt bn v tha rng: Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, Trng gi Cp C c ci u nh l di chn ngi, xin thm hi Tn gi Thnh th c c an khang, khe mnh, khng bnh tt, i ng thoi mi, kh lc c c bnh thng khng? Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, Trng gi Cp C c ang mang bnh tt rt him ngho, nay n hi nguy kch. Trng gi Cp C c vi tm ch thit rt mun c gp Tn gi X-li-pht, nhng c th qu yu ui, khng cn cht kh lc i n ch Tn gi X-li-pht c. Lnh thay, Tn gi X-li-pht, [459a] xin ngi hy v lng t, mong ngi n nh Trng gi Cp C c. Tn gi X-li-pht lin im lng nhn li. By gi s gi bit Tn gi X-li-pht im lng nhn li, bn ri ch ngi ng dy, i quanh ba vng ri ra v. Sau khi m qua, vo lc sng sm, Tn gi X-li-pht khoc y, m bt i n nh Trng gi Cp C c. Trng gi Cp C c thy Tn gi X-li-pht t ng xa i n, mun ngi dy lhi ging. Tn gi X-li-pht thy Trng gi Cp C c mun t ging ngi dy, lin cn li rng: Ny Trng gi, ch ngi dy. Cn ging khc y, ti s ngi ring. Tn gi X-li-pht lin ngi ln ging y, ri hi rng: Bnh trng ca Trng gi hm nay th no? n ung c nhiu t? S au n gim dn khng n ni tng thm chng? Trng gi Cp C c tr li rng: Bnh tnh ca con rt nguy kch, n ung chng c g c. S au n ch tng thm ch khng thy gim bt cht no. Tn gi X-li-pht bo rng:

KINH GIAO HOA BENH 207

Ny Trng gi ch s2. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si, thnh tu bt tn, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi ngy nay khng h c s bt tn, m ch c s thng tn. Do thng tn y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do thng tn y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-na-hm, v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si do c gii, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c c gii, m Trng gi ch c thin gii. Do thin gii y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do thin gii y s chng qu T-hm hay qu A-na-hm v trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si khng c a vn, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c s khng a vn. Do a vn y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do a vn y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-na-hm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c s xan tham, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi [459b] khng h c xan tham m ch c hu th. Do hu th y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do hu th y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-na-hm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c c tu, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c c tu m ch c thin tu. Do thin tu y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do thin tu y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-nahm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Ny Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c t kin, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x,
2

Ni dung bi thuyt php sau y khng ng nht vi bn Pli tng ng.

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sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c t kin m ch c chnh kin. Do chnh kin y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do chnh kin y s chng qu T-hm hay qu A-na-hm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c t t duy3, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c t ch m ch c chnh ch. Do chnh ch y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do chnh ch y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-nahm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c t gii, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c t gii m ch c chnh gii. Do chnh gii y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do chnh gii y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-na-hm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c t thot, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c t thot m ch c chnh thot. Do chnh thot y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do chnh thot y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-na-hm v Trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. Trng gi ch s. V sao vy? [459c] V nu l k phm phu ngu si nhn c t tr, th khi thn hoi mng chung s i thng n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Cn Trng gi khng h c t tr m ch c chnh tr. Do chnh tr y Trng gi s dit c s au nhc kh s, li sanh ra khoi lc v cng; hoc do chnh tr y s chng qu T--hm hay qu A-na-hm v trng gi vn chng qu Tu--hon. By gi bnh trng ca Trng gi Cp C c lin c thuyn gim, bnh phc nh c 4, ri ch nm ngi dy, khen Tn gi X-li-pht rng: Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Ngi thuyt php cho bnh nhn, tht k diu,
3 4

Bn Hn:t ch , i lp vi chnh t duy trong Thnh o tm chi. Bn Pli, sau , khi Sriputta i khi, Trng gi Cp C c mng chung.

KINH GIAO HOA BENH 209

tht hy hu! Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, khi con nghe xong bi php gio ha cho bnh nhn y lin chm dt thng kh, li sanh khoi lc v cng. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, by gi bnh con thuyn gim hn, bnh phc nh c. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, trc kia nhn c cht vic cn lm, con i n thnh Vng x, tm tr trong nh mt Trng gi5. Lc y v Trng gi kia bui sng hm sau s cng dng cm cho c Pht v Chng T-kheo. By gi qua m y, lc tri gn sng, v Trng gi kia sai con chu, n t, s gi v quyn thuc: Cc ngi hy dy sm, cng nhau by bin, trang hong. Nhng ngi kia u vng li, cng nhau xp vic bp nc, by bin c bn vi nhng loi ngon p. Cn Trng gi ch thn tri by mt ch ngi cao, trang nghim v lng. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, sau khi thy vy, con lin ngh th ny: Hm nay v Trng gi ny c vic hn nhn hay l hi rc du, hay vic thnh Quc vng hay vic mi i thn, m li sm sa tic cm, m cuc i ng ln nh vy? Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, suy ngh nh vy ri, con lin hi v Trng gi kia rng: ng v vic hn nhn hay v l hi rc du, vic thnh Quc vng hay vic mi i thn, m li sm sa tic cm, m cuc i ng ln nh vy? Lc y v Trng gi kia lin tr li con rng: Ti khng phi v vic hn nhn, vic thnh Quc vng hay vic mi i thn, nhng ti sm sa tic cm, thi thit cuc i th, v sng nay ti s cng cm cho c Pht v chng T-kheo. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, v con cha tng c nghe danh hiu c Pht, nn khi nghe ri ton thn lng dng ngc. Con li hi rng: Trng gi ni Pht, vy th no l Pht? Lc y v Trng gi kia tr li con rng: ng cha c nghe sao? C v dng di h Thch, t gi dng h Thch, co b ru tc, khoc y ca-sa, vi lng tin ch thit, la b gia nh,

T y tr xung, ni dung tng ng c tm thy trong lut b Pli, Vin. ii. 154. Cf. T phn 50 (938b21tt).

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sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, chng qu V thng Chnh ng chnh gic. V y c gi l Pht. Con li hi rng: Trng gi va ni Chng6. Vy th no l i chng? By gi v Trng gi kia tr li con rng: Cn c rt nhiu v, c dng h v tng tc khc nhau, co b ru tc, khoc y ca-sa, vi lng tin ch thit, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, theo Pht o. [460a] gi l Chng. c Pht v chng y, ti sp thnh n. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, con li hi v Trng gi y rng: c Th Tn by gi ang ni no? Ti mun i n thm. By gi v Trng gi kia tr li con rng: c Th Tn hin ang thnh Vng X, trong rng Trc, vn Ca-lan-a. ng c mun n th ty . Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, lc y con ngh th ny: Mong cho mau sng nhanh chng i n thm Pht. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, by gi vi tm ch thnh, con mun n thm Pht, nn lc ang m y m tng sng ri, lin t nh v Trng gi kia ra i, n trm dng ni cng thnh7. By gi ti trm dng ni cng thnh c hai ngi lnh gc, mt ngi gc u hm th cho hnh khch bn ngoi vo thnh, khng lm tr ngi g, mt ngi gc cui m th cho hnh khch trong thnh i ra cng khng lm tr ngi g. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, con li ngh th ny: m hy cn cha sng lm. V sao vy? V ti cng thnh c hai ngi lnh gc; mt ngi gc u hm th cho hnh khch bn ngoi vo thnh, khng lm tr ngi g; mt ngi gc cui m th cho hnh khch trong thnh i ra cng khng lm tr ngi g. Tha Tn gi X-lipht, con vt qua trm dng chn ca thnh i ra bn ngoi khng lu, nh sng bin mt v tri ti hn li. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, ton thn lng dng ngc, con lin s hi, mong sao ng c ngi no hay loi phi nhn n xc nhiu con. By gi, ti tri dng chn ca thnh

6 7

Chng , tc tng(-gi), Pli: sagha. Hn: Thnh tc mn ; Pli: sivakadvra.

KINH GIAO HOA BENH 211

c mt v tri8, t thnh Vng x n Trc lm, vn Ca-lan-, nh sng ta chiu khp ni, n bo con rng: Ny Trng gi, ch s. V sao vy? Ti i trc y vn l bng hu ca ng, tn tht l Mt-kh9, vo lc cn tr tui chng ta rt yu mn nhau. Ny Trng gi, thu xa y, ti i n ch Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, ci u nh l di chn ri ngi sang mt bn. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin thuyt php cho ti, khai th, khch l, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin thuyt php, khai th, khch l, thnh tu hoan h cho ti ri, ngi ban cho ti php ba t quy, v trao cho nm gii. Ny Trng gi, ti do ba t quy y v th tr nm gii, nn khi thn hoi mng chung sanh ln tri T Vng thin, sng trong trm dng ti cng thnh ny. Trng gi hy i mau ln, Trng gi hy i vi ln, qu tht i tt hn l ng li. V tri y ni ln bi k khuyn con nh sau: c trm nga, n t, Trm xe y chu bu; Khng bng phn mi su Mt bc i n Pht. Trm voi trng ti thng, Thng Lm yn cng vng bc; Khng bng phn mi su Mt bc i n Pht. [460b]Trm n nhn p , eo chui ngc trng hoa; Khng bng phn mi su, Mt bc i n Pht. Chuyn lun vng knh trng Bu ngc n bc nht; Khng bng phn mi su, Mt bc i n Pht. V tri ni tng xong, ri khuyn con rng:

8 9

Pli, dn, mt D-xoa tn l Svaka. Mt kh (). C l l t phin m, gn vi Pli: Svaka.

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Ny Trng gi, i nhanh ln! Ny Trng gi, i nhanh ln! Qu tht i tt hn ng li. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, con li ngh th ny: c Pht c n c che ch bao trm. Php v Chng T-kheo cng c n c bao trm. V sao vy? Cho n bc tri cng mun ta n yt kin. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, con do nh sng y m i n Trc lm, vn Ca-lan-a. By gi m cn cha sng t, c Th Tn t thin tht i ra, kinh hnh khong t trng ch con. Bch Tn gi Xli-pht, t xa con trng thy c Th Tn p trang nghim nh mt trng gia cc v tinh t, nh sng chi li rc r, sng rc nh ta ni ton vng, y tng tt, oai thn vi vi, cc cn tch tnh, chng c g che khut, thnh tu iu ng, tc tm tnh mc. Con thy ri, lin hoan h i n trc c Pht, nh l st di chn, ri kinh hnh theo Ngi, theo php ca bc Trng gi m ni bi tng thm hi rng: Th Tn ng an n, n trn m khe chng? B-la-mn dit , V khng nhim trc dc. X ly tt c nguyn, c an n v cng. Tm tr khng nng bc Ng an lc vui v. By gi c Th Tn va i n cui ng kinh hnh, lin tri ni-sn, ngi kit gi. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht. Lc y, con nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn. c Th Tn thuyt php cho con, khai th, gio gii, lm cho li ch, khin cho hoan h, nh php thng l ca ch Pht, trc ni php oan chnh, ngi nghe hoan h. l ni th, ni gii, ni php sanh thin, ch dc vng l tai ha, sanh t l nh u; ngi khen v dc l o phm vi diu, bch tnh. c Th Tn ni nhng php nh vy cho con nghe ri, c Pht bit con c tm hoan h, tm c tc, tm nhu nhuyn, tm kham nhn, tm vn ln, tm chuyn nht, tm khng nghi, tm khng che lp, c kh nng kham th chnh php, ngha l nhng iu chnh yu no m ch Pht ni ra; Th Tn lin ni: Kh, Tp, Dit, o cho con. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, ngay

KINH GIAO HOA BENH 213

khi con ngi y thy c bn Thnh : Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Cng nh tm vi trng d nhum thnh mu sc, con cng nh vy, [460c] ngay trn ch ang ngi thy bn Thnh : Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, con thy php, c php, gic ng php bch tnh, on nghi, hoc, khng cn tn sng ai, cng chng theo ngi khc, khng cn do d, tr ni qu chng, c s khng s hi i vi gio php c Th Tn, lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l c Th Tn bch rng: Bch Th Tn, con hm nay t quy y Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo. Xin nguyn Th Tn chp nhn cho con lm u-b-tc; bt u t hm nay s trn i t quy y, cho n lc mng chung. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, con lin chp tay tha rng: Bch Th Tn, ngng mong Th Tn nhn li mi ca con cng Chng T-kheo n nc X-v an c ma ma. Lc y c Th Tn hi con rng: ng tn l g, nhn dn nc X-v gi ng l g? Con lin tr li rng: Con tn l Tu-t-a10. V con thng cung cp cho nhng ngi c c, do nhn dn nc X-v gi con l Cp C c11. By gi c Th Tn li hi con rng: Ti nc X-v, ng c phng x g cha? Con tr li rng: Ti nc X-v con cha c phng x g c. By gi c Th Tn bo con rng: Nu c phng x th cc T-kheo mi c th vng lai, mi c th tr ng c. Con li tha rng: Tht vy, bch Th Tn. V th con s xy ct phng x cc thy T-kheo c th vng lai, v c th tr ng nc X-v. Mong c Th Tn cho mt v n gip con.
10 11

Tu-t-a . Pli: Sudatta. Cp C c . Pli: Anthapiika.

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By gi c Th Tn lin sai Tn gi X-li-pht; khin Tn gi Xli-pht n gip 12. By gi sau khi nghe c Pht dy xong, con kho lo ghi nh, lin t ch ngi ng dy, nh l Pht, i quanh ba vng ri ra v. Khi cng vic cn lm ti thnh Vng x hon tt, con cng Tn gi X-li-pht i n nc X-v. Nhng khng vo nc X-v, cng chng tr v nh m lp tc i do khp ni bn ngoi thnh xem ch no c th i li tt nht, ban ngy khng n o, ban m th tch tnh, khng c mui mng, cng khng rui b, khng lnh, khng nng, c th xy phng x cng dng c Pht v i chng. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, by gi con ch thy vn ca Thng Lm ng t13 l i li tt nht, ban ngy khng n o, ban m th tch tnh, khng c mui mng, cng khng rui b, khng lnh, khng nng. Con thy ri lin suy ngh th ny: Ch c ch ny l tt nht xy ct phng x cng dng Pht v i chng. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, lc y con vo nc X-v, nhng cng cha v nh, lin i n ch Thng Lm ng t tha rng: Tha ng t, ngi c th bn khu vn kia li cho ti khng? By gi ng t bo con rng: Trng gi nn bit, ti khng bn khu vn u. C nh vy ln hai ri ln ba, con tha rng: Tha ng t, ngi c th bn khu vn kia li cho ti khng? By gi ng t cng li ln th hai, ln th ba bo rng: Ti khng bn khu vn u. Ch khi no c c14 tri y. Con lin tha rng: Ny ng t, ngi quyt nh gi c, ch cn vic trao tin na thi. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, ngi th ni quyt nh gi c, ngi th
12

Cc chi tit lin h lut tng. Lut Pli v bn hn khc nhau. Thng ng t . Vin.ii.154ff. Jetakomara, con trai vua Pasenadi (Bat-nc), v sau b vua Vidudabha ngi em trai cng cha khc m git v khc t tham gia cuc chin tn st dng h Thch. Cc phin m quen thuc khc: K- Thi t , Th-a . 14 C Vin.ii. dn, cng khng ni loi tin g.
13

KINH GIAO HOA BENH 215

ni cha quyt nh gi c, cng nhau tranh tng ln. Ri dt nhau n php nh 15 nc X-v phn quyt v vic ny. By gi v php quan16 nc X-v bo Thng Lm ng t rng: Ny ng t, th l ngi quyt nh gi c ri, ch cn vic nhn tin na thi. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, con lin vo nc X-v, tr v nh ly tin, dng voi nga v xe c chuyn ch cc kho lm em n, xut ra ti c c tri khp mt t, nhng cn vi ch cha khp n. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, con ngh nh vy: Nn xut kho no na em n tri khp ch d ny, khng tha cng khng thiu? By gi Thng Lm ng t lin bo con rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c n nn v s tin ny th hy t mang tr v, khu vn tr li cho ti. Con bo vi ng t rng: Qu tht ti khng c n nn; m ti cn suy ngh xem nn ly kho no na mang tri khp ch d ny khng tha cng khng thiu. By gi Thng Lm ng t lin suy ngh nh vy: c Th Tn hn l mt bc cao c, c c hu ln. Php v i chng T-kheo hn cng l rt cao c, c c hu ln. V sao th? V c vy mi lm cho Trng gi thi thit s cng dng v i, coi r ca ci n th. Nay ta c l xy ct nh cng ngay ni ny cng dng c Pht v i chng Tkheo. Ri Thng Lm ng t lin bo vi con rng: Ny Trng gi, hy thi i, ng xut tin tr khong t cn li na. V ngay ch ny ti s ct ct nh cng cng dng c Pht v i chng T-kheo. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, v lng t mn nn con ng li ch y cho Thng Lm ng t. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, ri ngay trong ma h y, con cho xy mi su dy nh ln17, su mi cu-hi18. Tn gi X-li-pht gip con

Hn: i quyt on x . Hn: i quyt on nhn . Bin l i thn. 17 Hn: i c , tc Pli: vihra (tinh x). 18 Hn: cu-hi , tc Pli: kohaka, ch nh kho, phng hay phng kn.
16

15

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vic y. Th nhng Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt php gio ha ngi bnh, cn rt k diu, hy hu hn. Con nghe bi php gio ha ngi bnh ny ri, bnh kh qu nng n y lin c gim bt, li pht sanh ra s an lc v cng. Bch Tn gi X-li-pht, by gi con khng cn bnh na, v c an n. Mong Tn gi X-li-pht [461b] li y th trai. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht im lng nhn li. Lc y Trng gi bit Tn gi X-li-pht im lng nhn li, lin t ch ngi ng dy, t mnh ly nc ra, em tt c cc th n ngon, tinh khit, di do, cc loi nhai v nut19, t tay dn st, cho n khi Tn gi c no . n xong, dn dp v ly nc ra tay xong, ng tri mt ch ngi nh, ngi ring nghe php. Sau khi Trng gi ngi xong, Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt php cho ng khai th, gio gii, lm cho hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho Trng gi, khai th, gio gii, lm cho hoan h ri, Ngi t ch ngi ng dy ra v. By gi c Th Tn ang thuyt php cho v lng i chng vy quanh trc sau. T ng xa c Th Tn thy Tn gi X-li-pht i li, lin bo cc T-kheo rng: T-kheo X-li-pht l bc thng tu, tc tu, tip tu, li tu, qung tu, thm tu, xut yu tu, minh t tu, bin ti tu, T-kheo X-li-pht thnh tu tht tu20. V sao vy? V v bn hng Tu--hon21 m Ta ni s lc, th T-kheo X-li-pht trin khai thnh mi hng ni cho Trng gi Cp C c. c Pht thuyt nh vy, cc T-kheo nghe Pht ni xong hoan h phng hnh.22
Hn: thc m hm tiu , loi thc phm cn phi cn, v loi ngm cho tiu; tc loi cng v loi mm. 20 Xem cht.14, kinh s 27. 21 C l l bn D lu chi: 1/ Thn cn thin x, 2/ Kin vn chnh php, 3/ Nh l tc , 4/ Php ty php hnh, m ngi X-li-pht qung din thnh mi, nh trong kinh: 1/ Tn, 2/ Gii, 3/ a vn, 4/ Hu th, 5/ Thin tu, 6/ Chnh kin, 7/ Chnh tr, 8/ Chnh gii, 9/ Chnh thot, 10/ Chnh tr. 22 Bn Hn, ht quyn 6.
19

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29. KINH I CU-HI-LA Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti thnh Vng X, trong rng Trc, vn Ca-lan-a. By gi, vo lc x chiu, Tn gi X-li-pht t ch tnh ta ng dy, i n ch Tn gi i Cu-hi-la1, cho hi ln nhau, ri ngi xung mt bn. Tn gi X-li-pht ni vi Tn gi i Cu-hi-la nh vy: Ti c iu mun hi, mong ngi nghe cho chng? Tn gi i Cu-hi-la tr li rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, ngi mun hi iu g xin c hi, ti nghe ri s suy ngh. Tn gi X-li-pht [461c] hi rng: Ny Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, c iu kin no m nhn iu kin m T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh2 v th nhp chnh php khng? Tn gi i Cu-hi-la tr li rng: C vy, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit bt thin v bit cn ca bt thin. Th no l bit bt thin? c hnh ca thn l bt thin, c hnh ca khu l bt thin, v c hnh ca l bt thin. l bit bt thin. Th no l bit bt thin cn? Tham l cn ca bt thin, nhu, v si l cn ca bt thin. l bit cn ca bt thin. Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, nu c T-kheo bit bt thin v bit cn ca bt thin nh vy, l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh.

i Cu-hi-la . Pli: Mahkohita, hoc Mahkohika. Bt hoi tnh . Pli: avecca-pasda: bt ng tn, bt hoi tn, hay chng tnh.

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Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu kin no m nhn iu kin T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C vy, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit thin v bit cn ca thin. Th no l bit thin? Diu hnh ca thn l thin. Diu hnh ca v khu l thin. l bit thin. Th no l bit cn ca thin? V tham l cn ca thin, v nhu v v si l cn ca thin. l bit cn ca thin. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht. Nu c T-kheo bit thin v bit thin cn nh vy, l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? Tn gi i Cu-hi-la tr li rng: C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. Ngha l T-kheo bit nh tht v thc n, bit nh tht v tp ca thc n, v dit ca thc n v o ca thc n.3 Th no l bit nh tht v thc n? C bn loi thc n: Mt l on thc, th v t4; hai l xc thc5; ba l t thc6; bn l thc thc7. l
3 4

Thc . Pli: hra. on thc th t , hay on thc, thc phm vt cht. Pli: kabalikro hro oriko v sukkumo. 5 Nguyn-Hn: canh lc thc , thc n l s xc chm, ch s tip xc gia cn v cnh. Pli: phasso hro. 6 t thc , hay h lun thc, thc n l ch hy vng. Pli: manosacetan-hro.

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bit nh tht v thc n. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca thc n8? Do i mi c thc n. l bit nh tht v tp ca thc n. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca thc n? i dit tc l thc n dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca thc n. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca thc n9? Tm chi Thnh o, t chnh kin cho ti chnh nh l tm. [462a] l bit nh tht v dit o ca thc n. Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v thc n, bit nh tht v tp ca thc n, thc dit v thc dit o ca thc n nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v lu, bit nh tht v tp ca lu, dit ca lu v dit o ca lu. Th no l bit nh tht v lu? C ba lu l dc lu, hu lu v v minh lu10. l bit nh tht v lu. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca lu? Do v minh mi c lu. l bit nh tht v tp ca lu. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca lu? Do v minh dit th lu dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca lu.

Thc thc , thc n l thc. Pli: via hro. Hn: thc tp . Pli: hra-samudaya. 9 Hn: thc dit o . Pli: hra-nirodha-gminipipad. 10 Ba lu: dc lu, hu lu, v minh lu , , . Pli: kma-sav, bhava-sav, avijj-sav.
8

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Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca lu? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho ti chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca lu. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v lu, bit nh tht v tp ca lu, dit ca lu v dit o ca lu nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v Kh, bit nh tht v Kh tp, Kh dit v Kh dit o. Th no l bit nh tht v Kh? Sinh kh, lo kh, bnh kh, t kh, on tng hi kh, i bit ly kh, s cu bt c kh, ni tm li nm th un kh. l bit nh tht v kh. Th no l bit nh tht v Kh tp? [462b] Do gi-cht mi c kh. l bit nh tht v kh tp. Th no l bit nh tht v Kh dit? Gi-cht dit tc kh dit. l bit nh v Kh dit. Th no l bit nh tht v Kh dit o? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v Kh dit o. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v Kh, bit nh tht v Kh tp, Kh dit v Kh dit o nh vy, l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh.

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Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v gi cht, bit nh tht v tp khi ca gi cht, dit ca gi cht v dit o ca gi cht. Th no l bit nh tht v gi? l, ngi kia gi c, u bc, rng rng, s cng trng cng ngy cng suy gim, thn cng, chn vo, c th nng n, hi th a ln, chng gy m i, tht teo rt, da nhn nh cy gai, cc cn rng ri, nhan sc xu x. l bit nh tht v gi. Th no l bit nh tht v cht? l, chng sanh kia v tt c chng loi sai bit ca chng sanh kia, khi mng chung, cn v thng n, th cht ri chn v tan r, tui th chm dt v b ph hoi, mng cn b tc; l ca cht. Trc kia l ni v gi, y l ni v cht. gi l lo t. l bit nh tht v gi-cht. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca gi cht? l, do sanh m c gi cht. l bit nh tht v tp ca gi cht. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca gi cht? l, sanh dit tc gi cht dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca gi cht. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca gi cht? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca gi cht. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht. Nu c T-kheo bit nh tht v gi cht. Bit nh tht v tp ca gi cht, dit ca gi cht v dit o ca gi cht nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi [462c] X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng?

KINH AI CAU-HI-LA 224

C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v sanh, bit nh tht v tp ca sanh, dit ca sanh v dit o ca sanh. Th no l bit nh tht v sanh? l, chng sanh kia v tt c chng loi sai bit ca chng sanh kia, n lc sanh th sanh, n lc xut th xut, n lc thnh th thnh; khi pht khi nm un lin c mng cn. l bit nh tht v sanh. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca sanh? Do hu m c sanh. l bit nh tht v tp ca sanh. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca sanh? Hu dit tc sanh dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca sanh. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca sanh? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca sanh. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v sanh, bit nh tht v tp ca sanh, dit ca sanh v dit o ca sanh nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v hu, bit nh tht v tp ca hu, dit ca hu v dit o ca hu. Th no l bit nh tht v hu? C ba hu: Dc hu, sc hu v v sc hu11. l bit nh tht v hu. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca hu? Do th12 m c hu. l bit nh tht v hu tp.
11

Ba hu: dc hu, sc hu, v sc hu , , . Pli: kma-bhava, rpa-bhava, rpa-bhava. 12 Nguyn-Hn: th . Pli: updna.

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Th no l bit nh tht v hu dit? Th dit tc hu dit. l bit nh tht v hu dit. Th no l bit nh tht v hu dit o? Tm chi Thnh o, t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v hu dit o? Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v hu, bit nh tht v hu tp, hu dit v hu dit o nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri hoan h khen [463a] rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v th, bit nh tht v tp ca th, dit ca th v dit o ca th. Th no l bit nh tht v th? l bn th13: dc th, gii th, kin th v ng th. l bit nh tht v th. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca th? Do i m c th. l bit nh tht v tp ca th. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca th? Ngha l i dit th th dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca th. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca th? Tm chi Thnh o, t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca th. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v th, bit nh tht v tp ca th, dit ca th v dit o ca th nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php.
13

Hn: t th : dc th , gii th , kin th , ng th . Pl. : kmupdna dihupdna slabbatupdana attavdupdna.

KINH AI CAU-HI-LA 226

Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v i, bit nh tht v tp ca i, dit ca i v dit o ca i. Th no l bit nh tht v i? C ba i: dc i, sc i v v sc i14. l bit nh tht v i. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca i? Do th15 m c i. l bit nh tht v tp ca i. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca i? Th dit tc i dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca i. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca i? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca i. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v i, bit nh tht v tp ca i, dit ca i v dit o ca i nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp [463b] chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v th,
14

Ba i: dc i, sc i, v sc i , , . Pli: kma-tah, rpatah, arpa-tah. 15 Nguyn-Hn: gic ; Pli: vedan.

KINH AI CAU-HI-LA

227

bit nh tht v tp ca th, dit ca th v dit o ca th. Th no l bit nh tht v th? C ba th: lc th16, kh th v bt lc bt kh th. l bit nh tht v th. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca th? Do xc17 m c th. l bit nh tht v tp ca th. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca th? Do xc dit nn th dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca th. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca th? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh. l bit nh tht v dit o ca th. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v th, bit nh tht v tp ca th, dit ca th v dit o ca th nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v xc, bit nh tht v tp ca xc, dit ca xc v dit o ca xc. Th no l bit nh tht v xc? C ba xc18: lc xc, kh xc v bt lc bt kh xc. l bit nh tht v xc. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca xc? Do su x m c xc. l bit nh tht v tp ca xc.

Hn: ba gic, tc ba th: kh th , lc th , bt kh bt lc th . Pli: tisso vedan, sukh vedan dukkh vedan adukkhamasukh vedan. 17 Hn: canh lc . Pli: phassa. 18 Hn: ba canh lc: lc canh lc , kh canh lc , bt lc bt kh canh lc .

16

KINH AI CAU-HI-LA 228

Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca xc? Su x dit tc xc dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca xc. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca xc? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca xc. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v xc, bit nh tht v tp ca xc, dit ca xc v dit o ca xc nh vy; l Tkheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v su x19, bit nh tht v tp ca su x, dit ca su x v dit o ca su x. Th no l bit nh tht v su x? Nhn x, nh x, t x, thit x, thn x, x. l bit nh tht v su x. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca su x? Do danh sc m c su x. l bit nh tht v tp ca su x. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca su x? Danh sc dit tc su x dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca su x. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca su x? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca su x. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v su x, bit nh tht v tp ca su x, dit ca su x v dit o ca su x nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php.
19

Lc x . Pli: cha aytanni.

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Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht, l c T-kheo bit nh tht v danh sc20, bit nh tht v tp ca danh sc, dit ca danh sc v dit o ca danh sc. Th no l bit nh tht v danh sc? l bn un phi sc21 l danh. Th no l bit v sc? Bn i22 v sc do bn i to23. y l ni v sc. Trc ni v danh, l danh sc. l bit nh tht v danh sc. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca danh sc? Do thc m c danh sc. l bit nh tht v tp ca danh sc. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca danh sc? Thc [464a] dit tc danh sc dit? l bit nh tht v dit ca danh sc. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca danh sc? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca danh sc. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v danh sc, bit nh tht v tp ca danh sc, dit ca danh sc v dit o ca danh sc nh vy; l T-kheo thnh tu kin c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh.

Danh sc . Pli: nma-rpa. T phi sc m . Pli: cattro arpakkhandh, gm th, tng, hnh v thc. 22 T i . Pli: cattro mahbht. 23 T i to vi sc . Pli: catuma mahbhtna updya rpa.
21

20

KINH AI CAU-HI-LA 230

Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v thc24, bit nh tht v tp ca thc, dit ca thc v dit o ca thc. Th no l bit nh tht v thc? C su thc: nhn thc, nh thc, t thc, thit thc, thn thc v thc. l bit nh tht v thc. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca thc? Do hnh m c thc. l bit nh tht v tp ca thc. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca thc? Hnh dit tc thc dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca thc. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca thc? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca thc. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v thc, bit nh tht v tp ca thc, dit ca thc v dit o ca thc nh vy, l Tkheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, li cn c iu no m nhn iu T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh, v th nhp chnh php chng? C, tha Tn gi X-li-pht. l c T-kheo bit nh tht v hnh25, bit nh tht v tp ca hnh, dit ca hnh v dit o ca hnh.

24 25

Thc . Pli: via. Hnh . Pli: sakhra.

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231

Th no l bit nh tht v hnh? C ba hnh26: thn hnh, khu hnh v hnh. l bit nh tht v hnh. Th no l bit nh tht v tp ca hnh? [464b] Do v minh m c hnh. l bit nh tht v tp ca hnh. Th no l bit nh tht v dit ca hnh? V minh dit tc hnh dit. l bit nh tht v dit ca hnh. Th no l bit nh tht v dit o ca hnh? Tm chi Thnh o t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. l bit nh tht v dit o ca hnh. Ny Tn gi X-li-pht, nu T-kheo bit nh tht v hnh, bit nh tht v tp ca hnh, dit ca hnh v dit o ca hnh nh vy, l T-kheo thnh tu kin, c chnh kin, i vi php c bt hoi tnh v th nhp chnh php. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Hin gi i Cu-hi-la, nu c T-kheo m v minh dt, minh pht sanh, th v y cn phi lm nhng g na? Tn gi i Cu-hi-la tr li rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, T-kheo no m v minh dt, minh pht sanh, th v y khng cn g phi lm na. Tn gi X-li-pht nghe ri khen rng: Lnh thay, lnh thay, Hin gi i Cu-hi-la! Tn gi X-li-pht khen ngi ri hoan h phng hnh. Hai v Tn gi cng nhau ni v ngha nh vy, thy u hoan h phng hnh, t ch ngi ng dy m i. q

26

Ba hnh: thn hnh , khu hnh , hnh . Pli: tayo sakhra, kyasakhro vacsakhro cittasakhro.

30. KINH TNG TCH D Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, nu c v lng thin php, th tt c cc thin php y u thu nhip vo bn Thnh , i vo trong bn Thnh . Ngha l, trong tt c php, bn Thnh l ti thng bc nht. V sao th? V nhip th tt c cc thin php. Ny Ch Hin, cng nh trong cc du chn ca loi th vt, du chn voi l bc nht. V sao th? V du chn voi rt l to ln vy. Cng vy, ny Ch Hin, c v lng thin php, th tt c cc thin php y u thu nhip vo bn Thnh , i vo trong bn Thnh . Ngha l trong tt c php, bn Thnh l ti thng bc nht. Nhng g l bn? l Kh Thnh , Kh tp, Kh dit v Kh dit o Thnh . Ny Ch Hin, th no l Kh Thnh ? l, sanh kh, gi kh, bnh kh, cht kh, on ght m t hi l kh, thng yu [464c] m bit ly l kh, mong cu m khng c l kh, ni tm lc nm th un l kh. Ny Ch Hin, nhng g l nm th un? l sc th un, th, tng hnh v thc th un. Ny Ch Hin, ci g l sc th un? Nhng g c sc, tt c u l bn i v bn i to. Ny Ch Hin, nhng g l bn i? l a gii, thy gii, ha gii v phong gii. Ny Ch Hin, ci g l a gii? Ch Hin, a gii c hai, c ni a gii v c ngoi a gii. Ny Ch Hin, nhng g l ni a gii1? l, nhng g trong thn, c thu nhip trong thn nh vt cng, c tnh cht cng, c chp th bn trong.2 l nhng g? l tc, lng, mng, rng,

1 2

Ni a gii . Pli: ajjhattik pahavdhtu. Ni chi s th. Pl.: ajjhatta updinna.

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da th v mn, tht, gn, xng, tim, thn, gan, phi, l lch, rut, bao t, phn v nhng th khc tng t nh vy trong thn, c thu nhip bn trong, c tnh cht cng, c chp th bn trong. l ni a gii. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi a gii, l ln, l tnh, l khng ng tm3. Ny Ch Hin, c lc b thy tai, khi y ngoi a gii tiu dit 4. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi a gii ny cc k ln, cc k tnh, cc k khng ng tm. l php v thng, php cng tn, php suy vong, php bin dch, hung l xc thn tm thi nh tr, c duy tr chp th bi tham i ny. Ngha l k phm phu ngu si, khng a vn, suy ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia.5 a vn Thnh t khng ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. V y v sao ngh nh vy? Nu c ngi khc mng chi, nh p, gin gi, qu trch, th v y ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra kh ny l t nhn duyn, ch khng phi khng c nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo kh xc. V y qun xc l v thng; ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. 6 Sau , c ngi n ni vi v y bng li l du dng. V y suy ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra s lc ny l t nhn duyn ch khng phi khng nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo lc xc. V y qun xc l v thng, ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. Sau , hoc c ngi th u, nin thiu, trung nin hay trng lo n lm vic khng xng vi v y; hoc nm tay thoi, hoc ly nm, hoc dao, hoc gy p. V y suy
i, tnh, bt tng , , . i v kch thc ln hay ph bin. Ni tnh v bt tng , v khng phi l i tng qun bt tnh. 4 Pli: hoti... samayo yam bhir podhtu pakuppati, antarahit tasmi samaye bhir pahavdhatu, c mt thi ngoi thy gii b chn ng (thnh n), khi y ngoi a gii bin mt. 5 Hn: () ng th b s . Pl.: ta neta mama, nesohasmi, na meso att, n khng phi l ca ti, ci ny khng phi l ti, ci ny khng phi l t ng ca ti. 6 Pl. (M.i. 196): tassa dhatrammaameva citta pakkandati pasdati santihati adhimuccati, v y duyn ni gii m tm hoan h, an tnh, tnh ch, quyt nh.
3

KINH TNG TCH DU 235

ngh th ny: Ta th thn ny vn l sc php, th cht, thuc bn i chng, do cha m sanh, c nui ln bng n ung, c che kn bi y phc, c chm sc bng tm ra, nm ngi bng b; n l php ph hoi, php dit tn, php ly tn. [465a] Ta v thn ny m n ni b tay thoi, nm, dao gy p. Do l v kia rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. V y ngh nh vy: Ta rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. Ta th thn ny ng cho tay thoi, nm, dao gy p, ch nn sing nng hc gio php ca c Th Tn. Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn cng ni nh vy: Gi s c gic cp n cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra. Nu ngi khi b gic cp cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra, m tm ngi hoc bin dch, hoc ni nng hung d, tc cc ngi suy thi. Cc ngi nn ngh nh vy: gi s c k gic cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ta ra, mong sao nhn m tm ta khng bin dch, khng ni nng hung d, s khi tm thng xt i vi ngi n x manh mn thn th ta ra; v ngi m tm ta cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng th vi hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin mn tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, qung i, v bin, v lng, ko tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo kia, nu do Pht, Php v Chng, m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin, th ny Ch Hin, T-kheo y nn h thn, nn xu h rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ny Ch Hin, nh ngi du lc mi rc v, gp mt cha m chng, hay gp ngi chng ca mnh th xu h, thn thng.7 Ny Ch Hin, nn bit, T-kheo kia cng li nh vy, nn xu h thn thng rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ngi y do h thn xu h, nn lin an tr ni x tng ng vi

Pl.: suis sasura disv savijjati savega pajjati, c du thy b chng th ht sc run s.

KINH TNG TCH DU

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thin. l diu, l tnh, l tch dit, ngha l x ly tt c hu8, la i, v dc, dit tn hon ton. Ny Ch Hin, l T-kheo hc tt c i. Ny Ch Hin, ci g l thy gii9? Ch Hin, thy gii c hai; c ni thy gii v c ngoi thy gii. Ch Hin, ci g l ni thy gii? l trong thn, c thu nhip bn trong thn, nhng g l nc, thuc v nc, m t, b chp th bn trong. l nhng g? l m, c10, nc mt, m hi, nc mi, nc ming, m, mu, ty, nc di, nc tiu, tt c nhng cht khc tng t nh vy trong thn, c thu nhip bn trong thn, nhng g l nc, thuc v nc, m t, b chp th bn trong. Ny Ch Hin, l ni thy [465b] gii. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi thy gii, l ln, l tnh, l khng ng tm. Ny Ch Hin, c lc b ha tai, khi y ngoi thy gii tiu dit 11. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi a gii ny cc k ln, cc k tnh, cc k khng ng tm. l php v thng, php cng tn, php suy vong, php bin dch, hung l xc thn tm thi nh tr, c duy tr chp th bi tham i ny12. Ngha l k phm phu ngu si, khng a vn, suy ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. a vn Thnh t khng ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. V y v sao ngh nh vy? Nu c ngi khc mng chi, nh p, gin gi, qu trch, th v y ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra kh ny l t nhn duyn, ch khng phi khng c nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo kh xc. V y qun xc l v thng; ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. Sau , c ngi n ni vi v y
Hn: diu, tc tch, x, ly , tc dit, tnh, diu, ly, bn hnh tng ca dit theo Hu b; xem Cu-x 23 tr.119b). 9 Thy gii . Pli: podhtu. 10 Hn: no cn (ch ty sng); bn Nguyn, Minh: chi nhn (con mt c m, hay m ni con mt). Khng tm thy tng ng trong bn lit k ca Pli. 11 Pli: hoti... samayo yam bhir podhtu pakuppati, s gama pi vahati, nigama pi vahati, c mt thi ngoi thy gii b chn ng (cung n), n cun i lng mc, th trn... 12 Hn: i s th . Pli: tahupdia...
8

KINH TNG TCH DU 237

bng li l du dng, v y suy ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra s lc ny l t nhn duyn ch khng phi khng nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo lc xc. V y qun xc l v thng, ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. Sau , hoc c ngi th u, nin thu, trung nin hay trng lo n lm vic khng xng vi v y; hoc nm tay thoi, hoc ly nm, hoc dao, hoc gy p. V y suy ngh th ny: Ta th thn ny vn l sc php, th cht, thuc bn i chng, do cha m sanh, c nui ln bng n ung, c che kn bi y phc, c chm sc bng tm ra, nm ngi bng b; n l php ph hoi, php dit tn, php ly tn. Ta v thn ny m n ni b tay thoi, nm, dao gy p. Do l v kia rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. V y ngh nh vy: Ta rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. Ta th thn ny ng cho tay thoi, nm, dao gy p, ch nn sing nng hc gio php ca c Th Tn. Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn cng ni nh vy: Gi s c gic cp n cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra. Nu ngi khi b gic cp cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra, m tm ngi hoc bin dch, hoc ni nng hung d, tc cc ngi suy thi. Cc ngi nn ngh nh vy: gi s c k gic cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ta ra, mong sao nhn m tm ta khng bin dch, khng ni nng hung d, [465c] m nn khi tm thng xt i vi ngi n x manh mn thn th ta ra; v ngi m tm ta cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng th vi hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin mn tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, qung i, v bin, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo kia, nu do Pht, Php v Chng, m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin, th ny Ch Hin, T-kheo y nn h thn, nn xu h rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ny Ch Hin, nh ngi du lc mi rc v, gp mt cha m chng, hay gp ngi chng ca mnh th xu h, thn thng. Ny Ch Hin, nn bit, T-kheo kia cng li nh vy, nn xu h thn thng rng: Ta

KINH TNG TCH DU

238

trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ngi y do h thn, xu h, nn lin an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. l diu, l tnh, l tch dit, ngha l x ly tt c hu, la i, v dc, dit tn hon ton. Ny Ch Hin, l T-kheo hc tt c i. Ny Ch Hin, th no l ha gii? Ny Ch Hin, ha gii c hai; c ni ha gii v c ngoi ha gii. 13 Ny Ch Hin, th no l ni ha gii? l trong thn, c thu nhip trong thn, nhng g l la, c tnh cht nng, c chp th trong thn. l nhng g? l, thn nng hp, thn nng bc, bc rc, m p, v s tiu ha m thc, tt c nhng cht khc tng t nh vy trong thn, c thu nhip bn trong thn, thuc tnh nng, c chp th bn trong. Ny Ch Hin, l ni ha gii. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi ha gii, l ln, l tnh, l khng ng tm. Ny Ch Hin, c lc khi ngoi ha gii pht khi, n t chy thn p, thnh quch, ni rng, ng rung; chy nh vy ri lan n ng ci, n sng nc, cho n khi khng cn g chy mi tt. Ch Hin, sau khi ngoi ha gii dit, nhn dn mun ly la hoc dng g hay tre c vo nhau, hoc dng la bng chu ngc14. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi ha gii ny cc k ln, cc k tnh, cc k khng ng tm. l php v thng, php cng tn, php suy vong, php bin dch, hung l xc thn tm thi nh tr, c duy tr chp th bi tham i ny. Ngha l k phm phu ngu si, khng a vn, suy ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. a vn Thnh t khng ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. V y v sao ngh nh vy? Nu c ngi khc mng chi, nh p, gin d, qu trch, th v y ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra [466a] kh ny l t nhn duyn, ch khng phi khng c nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo kh xc. V y qun xc l v thng; ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. Sau , c ngi n

13

Pl.: tejodhtu siy ajjhattik siy bhir, ha gii, hoc ni hoc ngoi. Hn: hoc d chu toi . Pli: kukkuapattena pi nahrudaulena, bng lng cnh g, hoc bng dy gn.
14

KINH TNG TCH DU 239

ni vi v y bng li l du dng, v y suy ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra s lc ny l t nhn duyn ch khng phi khng nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo lc xc. V y qun xc l v thng, ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. Sau , hoc c ngi th u, nin thiu, trung nin hay trng lo n lm vic khng xng vi v y; hoc nm tay thoi, hoc ly nm, hoc dao, hoc gy p. V y suy ngh th ny: Ta th thn ny vn l sc php, th cht, thuc bn i chng, do cha m sanh, c nui ln bng n ung, c che kn bi y phc, c chm sc bng tm ra, nm ngi bng b; n l php ph hoi, php dit tn, php ly tn. Ta v thn ny m n ni b tay thoi, nm, dao gy p. Do l v kia rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. V y ngh nh vy: Ta rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. Ta th thn ny ng cho tay thoi, nm, dao gy p, ch nn sing nng hc gio php ca c Th Tn. Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn cng ni nh vy: Gi s c gic cp n cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra. Nu ngi khi b gic cp cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra, m tm ngi hoc bin dch, hoc ni nng hung d, tc cc ngi suy thi. Cc ngi nn ngh nh vy: Gi s c k gic cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ta ra, mong sao nhn m tm ta khng bin dch, khng ni nng hung d, s khi tm thng xt i vi ngi n x manh mn thn th ta ra; v ngi m tm ta cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng th vi hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin mn tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, qung i, v bin, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo kia, nu do Pht, Php v Chng, m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin, th ny Ch Hin, T-kheo y nn h thn, nn xu h rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ny Ch Hin, nh ngi du lc mi rc v, gp mt cha m chng, hay gp ngi chng ca mnh th xu h, thn thng. Ny Ch Hin,

KINH TNG TCH DU

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nn bit, T-kheo kia cng li nh vy, nn xu h thn thng rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ngi y do h thn xu h, nn lin an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. l diu, l tnh, l tch dit, ngha l x tt c hu, la i, v dc, dit tn hon ton. Ny Ch Hin, l T-kheo hc tt c i. Ny Ch Hin, th no l phong gii? Ny Ch Hin, y phong gii c hai; c ni phong gii v ngoi phong gii. 15 Ny Ch Hin, th no l ni phong gii? l trong thn, c thu nhip trong thn nhng g l gi, thuc tnh chuyn ng ca gi, b chp th bn trong. l nhng g? l gi i ln, gi i xung, gi trong bng, gi ngang16, gi co tht li, gi nh dao ct17, gi nhy ln, gi phi o, gi thi qua tay chn, gi ca hi th ra, gi ca hi th vo, tt c nhng cht khc tng t nh vy trong thn, c thu nhip bn trong thn, nhng g l gi, thuc tnh chuyn ng ca gi, c chp th bn trong. Ny Ch Hin, l ni phong gii. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi phong gii, l ln, l tnh, l khng ng tm. Ny Ch Hin, c lc ngoi phong gii pht khi ln. Khi ngoi phong gii pht khi th nh sp, cy b trc, ni l; khi ni non l ri, gi lin dng li, my lng cng chng lay ng. Ny Ch Hin, sau khi ngoi phong gii dng li, nhn dn tm kim gi, hoc dng qut, hc dng l a, hoc dng o tm gi. Ny Ch Hin, ngoi phong gii ny cc k ln, cc k tnh, cc k khng ng tm. l php v thng, php cng tn, php suy vong, php bin dch, hung l xc thn tm thi nh tr, c duy tr chp th bi tham i ny. Ngha l k phm phu ngu si, khng a vn, suy ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. a vn Thnh t khng ngh nh vy: y l ta, y l ca ta, ta l ca ci kia. V y v sao ngh nh vy? Nu c ngi khc mng chi, nh p, gin gi,

15

Pl.: vyodhtu siy ajjhattik siy bhir, phong gii, hoc ni hoc ngoi. Hnh phong . Kinh 162 ni: hip phong. Php un 21 (tr.503) cng ni vy. C l Pli: kohsay vt, m S gii ni: antna antovt, gi t bn ny qua bn kia, tc gi ngang (hng). 17 ao phong , gi lc cht, rt nh dao ct.
16

KINH TNG TCH DU 241

qu trch, th v y ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra kh ny l t nhn duyn, ch khng phi khng c nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo kh xc. V y qun xc l v thng; ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. Sau c ngi n ni vi v y bng li l du dng, v y suy ngh nh vy: Ta sanh ra s lc ny l t nhn duyn ch khng phi khng nhn duyn. Ci g l duyn? Duyn vo lc xc. V y qun xc l v thng, ri qun th, tng, hnh, thc cng l v thng. Tm v y duyn ni gii m tr, m ch, m hip, m nht tm, m nh, m khng lay ng. [466c] Sau , hoc c ngi th u, nin thiu, trung nin hay trng lo n lm vic khng xng vi v y; hoc nm tay thoi, hoc ly nm, hoc dao, hoc gy p. V y suy ngh th ny: Ta th thn ny vn l sc php, th cht, thuc bn i chng, do cha m sanh, c nui ln bng n ung, c che kn bi y phc, c chm sc bng tm ra, nm ngi bng b; n l php ph hoi, php dit tn, php ly tn. Ta v thn ny m n ni b tay thoi, nm, dao gy p. Do l v kia rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. V y ngh nh vy: Ta rt sing nng, khng bing nhc, chnh thn, chnh nim, khng nhu, khng si, nht tm an nh. Ta th thn ny ng cho tay thoi, nm, dao gy p, ch nn sing nng hc gio php ca c Th Tn. Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn cng ni nh vy: Gi s c gic cp n cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra. Nu ngi khi b gic cp cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ra, m tm ngi hoc bin dch, hoc ni nng hung d, tc cc ngi suy thi. Cc ngi nn ngh nh vy: gi s c k gic cm ca hay dao bn, x manh mn thn th ta ra, mong sao nhn m tm ta khng bin dch, khng ni nng hung d, s khi tm thng xt i vi ngi n x manh mn thn th ta ra; v ngi m tm ta cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng th vi hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin mn tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, qung i, v bin, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo kia, nu do Pht, Php v Chng, m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin, th ny Ch Hin, T-kheo y

KINH TNG TCH DU

242

nn h thn, nn xu h rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ny Ch Hin, nh ngi du lc mi rc v, gp mt cha m chng, hay gp ngi chng ca mnh th xu h, thn thng. Ny Ch Hin, nn bit, T-kheo kia cng li nh vy, nn xu h thn thng rng: Ta trong s li m khng c li, trong c m khng c c; ngha l ta nhn ni Pht, Php v Chng m vn khng an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. Ngi y do h thn xu h, nn lin an tr ni x tng ng vi thin. l diu, l tnh, l tch dit, ngha l x tt c hu, la i, v dc, dit tn hon ton. Ny Ch Hin, l T-kheo hc tt c i. Ny Ch Hin, cng nh nh cy g, nh bn t, nh c v nc, che kn trong mt khong khng nn sanh ra ci tn gi l nh. Ch Hin, nn bit, thn ny cng li nh vy, nh gn ct, nh da d, nh tht, mu bao bc mt khong khng [467a] nn sanh ra ci tn gi l thn.18 Ny Ch Hin, nh c ngi b h nhn x bn trong, nn ngoi sc khng c nh sng ri n, thnh ra khng c nim19 v nhn thc khng pht sanh. Ny Ch Hin, nu ni nhn x khng b h hoi th ngoi sc s c nh sng ri n v lin c nim, nn sanh ra nhn thc. Ny Ch Hin, nhn x bn trong v sc, cng vi nhn thc bit ngoi sc, thuc v sc un. Nu c th, l th un. Nu c tng th l tng un. Nu c t th l t un. Nu c thc th l thc un. Nh vy qun st s hi hp ca cc un. Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn cng ni nh vy: Nu ai thy duyn khi tc thy php; nu thy php tc thy duyn khi20. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn ni nm th un t nhn duyn m sanh. Sc th un; th, tng, hnh, thc th un cng vy.
18

19

Pl.: rpa tveva sakha gacchati, c bit nh l sc. Hn: v hu nim . Pl. (M.i. 190): no ca tajjo samannhro hoti, khng c s tp trung tng ng, tc tc khng khi ln c. Xem cht. 21 di. 20 Pli (M. i. 191): yo paticcasamuppdani passati so dhamman passati, yo

dhamman passati so paticcasamuppda passati.

KINH TNG TCH DU 243

Ny Ch Hin, nu nh, t, thit, thn v x bn trong b h hoi th cc php bn ngoi s khng c nh sng ri n nn khng c nim, do thc khng sanh khi c. Ny Ch Hin, nu ni x khng b h hoi th php bn ngoi s c nh sng ri n v lin c nim nn sanh ra thc21. Ny Ch Hin, thc bn trong v php cng vi thc bit sc php bn ngoi, thuc v sc un. Nu c th, l th un. Nu c tng th l tng un. Nu c t th l t un. Nu c thc th l thc un. Nh vy qun st s hi hp ca cc un. Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn cng ni nh vy: Nu ai thy duyn khi tc thy php; nu thy php tc thy duyn khi. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn ni nm th un t nhn duyn m sanh. Sc th un; th, tng, hnh, thc th un cng vy. V y nhm tm nm th un ny, thuc trong ba i qu kh, hin ti v v lai ny, do nhm tm nn v dc, v dc lin gii thot, gii thot ri lin bit gii thot, bit mt cch nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Ny Ch Hin, l T-kheo hc tt c v i. Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt xong, hoan h phng hnh. q

21

Dn chng ca i T-b-sa 12, (tr, 58c 19). Nhc hu ni x bt hoi, ngoi php hin tin, cp nng sanh tc chnh khi, nh thi thc sanh, Nu bn trong x khng b hoi, bn ngoi php x hin tin v ngay lc y tc khi ln, by gi thc xut hin.

31. KINH PHN BIT THNH [467b1] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c1. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: y l php dc tuyn thuyt chn chnh vn hnh 2, tc l bn Thnh , c thu nhip ton din, c qun chiu ton din, c phn bit, c phi m, c m by, c thi thit, c hin th, c th hng3. Trong qu kh, cc c Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, cng c s cng b chnh php ti thng ny, tc l bn Thnh , c thu nhip ton din, c qun chiu ton din, c phn bit, c phi m, c m by, c thi thit, c hin th, c th hng. Trong i v lai, cc c Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, cng c s cng b chnh php ti thng ny, tc l bn Thnh , c thu nhip ton din, c qun chiu ton din, c phn bit, c phi m, c m by, c thi thit, c hin th, c th hng. Trong i hin ti, Ta l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, cng c s cng b chnh php ti thng ny, tc l bn Thnh , c thu nhip ton din, c qun chiu ton din, c phn bit, c phi m, c m by, c thi thit, c hin th, c th

Cc bn Hn u ni Pht ti X-v. Bn Pli tng ng: ti Brasi (Bala-ni), trong Isipatane Migadye, Ch tin a x, vn Lc d. 2 Chnh hnh thuyt php ; No.32: Chn chnh thuyt php . Bn Pli (M. iii. 248): anuttara dhammacakka pavattita, V thng Php lun c vn chuyn. 3 Hn: qung nhip , qung qun , phn bit , pht l , khai ngng , thi thit , hin th , th hng . Pli: cikkhan (khai th), desan (tuyn thuyt), papan (thi thit), pahapan (an lp), vivara (khai hin), vibhajan (phn bit), uttnkamma (hin pht).

KINH PHAN BIET THANH E 258

hng. T-kheo X-li-pht4 l bc thng tu5, tc tu, tip tu, li tu, qung tu, thm tu, xut yu tu, minh t tu, bin ti tu. T-kheo X-lipht thnh tu tht tu. V sao vy? V ta ni s lc v bn Thnh th ny, th T-kheo X-li-pht c th v ngi khc m gio ha ton din, qun chiu ton din, phn bit, phi m, m by, thi thit hin th, th hng. Khi T-kheo X-li-pht gio ha ton din, qun st ton din, phn bit, phi m, m by, thi thit, hin th, th hng, lm cho v lng ngi t n chnh qun. T-kheo X-li-pht c kh nng hng dn bng chnh kin vy. T-kheo Mc-kin-lin c kh nng lm cho ng vng ni chn t ti thng6, ngha l cu cnh lu tn. T-kheo X-li-pht sanh ra cc ng phm hnh, cng nh sanh mu; T-kheo Mc-kin-lin trng dng cc ng phm hnh cng nh dng mu. Do cc ng phm hnh nn phng s, cung knh cng dng, l bi T-kheo X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin. V sao vy? V T-kheo X-li-pht v i Mc-kinlin mong cu phc li v thin ch, cng cu s an n v khoi lc cho cc ng phm hnh. Sau khi c Th Tn ni nh vy ri, lin t ch ngi ng dy i vo tnh tht tnh ta. Lc , Tn gi X-li-pht ni vi cc T-kheo: Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn v chng ta m xut hin th gian, v mi ngi m gio ha, khai th ton din, phn bit, phi m, m by, thi thit, hin th, th hng bn Thnh ny. Nhng g l bn? l Kh Thnh , Kh tp, Kh dit, Kh dit o
Pli: Cc T-kheo hy gn gi Sriputta (X-li-pht) v Moggallna (Mckin-lin), l nhng T-kheo thng tu... 5 Tn thn tr tu ca ngi X-li-pht, bn ny v No.32 ging nhau, ch khc v dch ng. V mi loi tr tu c k y, cc bn Pli ch k c by (xem M. 111). Xem kinh 27 (Phm ch -nhin). 6 Hn: ti thng chn t . Pli: sriputto sotpattiphale vineti, moggallno uttamatthe, X-li-pht iu phc ngi ni qu D lu; Mc-kinlin dn n mc ch cu cnh.
4

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Thnh . Ny Ch Hin, th no l Kh Thnh ? l sanh kh, gi kh, bnh kh, cht kh, on tng hi kh, i bit ly kh, [467c] s cu khng toi kh, tm li nm th un l kh7. Ny Ch Hin, ni sanh l kh; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, sanh l chng sanh kia, vi chng loi sai bit ca chng sanh kia, sanh th sanh, xut hin th xut hin, thnh hnh th thnh hnh, hin khi8 nm un, c mng cn. Nh vy gi l sanh. Ny Ch Hin, sanh l kh, l chng sanh khi sanh thn nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din9. Tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni sanh l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni gi l kh; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, gi ngha l chng sanh kia, vi chng loi sai bit ca chng sanh kia, k

Hn: ng thnh m kh . Pli: pacupdnakkhandh dukkh. Hn: sanh , xut , thnh , hng khi . Pli: jti (sanh), sajti (xut sanh), okkanti (xut hin), abhinibbatti (sanh khi), khandhanna ptubhvo (hin hin nm un), yatanna pailbho (t c cc cn). Bn Hn, c tm kh; bn Pli ch k nm kh: jti (sanh), jar (gi), maraa (cht), sokaparideva-dukkha-domanassupays (su bi kh u no), piccha na labhati (khng t c mong cu), sakhittena pacupdnakkhandh dukkh. 9 Hn: thn th kh, th, bin th; gic, bin gic . Tham chiu Php un 6 (i 26, tr.480a): Lnh np nhip th, chng chng thn kh s , lnh np v nhip th mi hnh thi kh khc nhau.
8

KINH PHAN BIET THANH E 260

kia tr nn gi yu, u bc rng rng, s cng trng ngy cng suy yu, thn cng, chn vo, c th nng n, hi th a ln, phi chng gy m i, tht rt, da nhn, x x nh cy gai, cc cn h hoi, nhan sc xu x. Nh vy gi l gi. Ny Ch Hin, gi l kh, l chng sanh khi gi th thn nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni gi l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni bnh l kh; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, bnh l u au, mt au, tai au, mi au, mt au, mi au, rng au, li au, nu au, c au, phong suyn, ho hen, i ma, cng hng, bnh in, bnh ng kinh, ung th, mc bu, kinh nguyt trn, vim , nng hc, kh ho, bnh tr, mn nht, kit l, v tt c nhng bnh tng t nh vy, t xc m sanh ra, khng ri khi tm, ngay trong thn. Nh vy gi l bnh. Ny Ch Hin, bnh kh l: Chng sanh khi bnh th thn nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, [468a] cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th,

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cm th ton din. Ny Ch Hin, v l y ni bnh l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni cht l kh; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, cht l chng sanh kia, vi chng loi sai bit ca chng sanh kia, mng chung, v thng, cht chn, tan r, tui th chm dt, hy hoi, mng cn b tc, nh vy gi l cht. Ny Ch Hin, cht l kh. l chng sanh khi cht, thn nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kch lit nng bc, bc rc, lo bun, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni cht l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni on tng hi l kh10; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, on tng hi, ngha l, chng sanh tht c su ni x: Mt, tai, mi, li, thn v x vn khng kh i m chng cng t hi mt ch, c s gn b, ha hp, tp hp. S ha hp y l kh. Cng vy cc ngoi x, xc, th, tng, t, i11, cng li nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh tht c su gii: t, nc, la, gi, h khng v thc gii vn khng kh i m chng cng t hi mt ch, c s gn b, ha hp, tp hp. S ha hp y l kh. 12 Nh vy gi l on tng hi kh. Ny Ch Hin, on tng hi l kh, l chng sanh khi c s t hi ca nhng th on ght, thn nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din.
Th ght m t hi. T-b-sa: phi i hi kh . Bn Pli khng cp. 11 Hn: canh lc, gic, tng, t, i . 12 Cf. T-b-sa 78 (tr. 402b19): khi cnh khng kh i kt hp vi thn, by gi cc th hk c dn sanh, l phi i hi kh.
10

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Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni on tng hi l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni i bit ly kh13; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, i bit ly kh, l chng sanh tht c su x bn trong: mt, tai, mi, li, thn v x vn kh i, nhng chng phn tn thnh khc bit, khng tng ng, bit ly khng t hi, khng gn b, khng tp hp, khng ha hp, l kh. Cng vy, cc ngoi x: xc, th, tng, t, i, cng li nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh qu thc c su gii: t, nc, la, gi, h khng v thc gii vn kh i nhng chng phn tn thnh khc bit, khng tng ng, khng gn b, khng ha hp, khng tp hp, l kh. Nh vy gi l [468b] i bit ly. Ny Ch Hin, i bit ly l kh ngha l chng sanh khi xa cch nhau, thn nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Thn tm nhip th kh, nhip th ton din; cm th, cm th ton din. Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni i bit ly kh l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni s cu khng toi l kh14; ni th l v l g? Ny Ch Hin, ngha l chng sanh l thuc vo sanh php15, khng th la xa sanh php, nhng li c mun rng: Mong ti khng sanh ra, iu y qu tht khng th mun m c. Vi s gi, s cht, s u su, bun lo m c mun rng: Mong ti khng c bun lo. iu y khng th mun m c. Ny Ch Hin chng sanh no thy qu tht sanh l kh, khng ng vui, khng ng yu, khng ng ngh nh, ngi y ngh th ny: Nu s sanh ca ta kh, khng ng vui, khng ng yu, khng ng ngh nh, mong sao chuyn i n thnh ng yu, ng ngh nh. iu khng th mun m c. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh no thy qu tht sanh l lc ng yu, ng ngh nh, ngi y ngh nh vy: Nu s sanh ca ta l lc, ng yu, ng ngh nh, mong sao n l php thng hng, vnh cu v khng bin dch. iu y khng th mun m c. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh no qu tht sanh t tng16 m khng ng
Bn Pli khng cp. Pli: piccha na labhati. 15 Hn: chng sanh sanh php . Pli: jtidhammna sattna (...). 16 Hn: tht sanh t tng .
14 13

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vui, khng ng yu, khng ng ngh nh, ngi y suy ngh th ny: Nu ta sanh t tng m khng ng vui, khng ng yu, khng ng ngh nh, mong sao n i thnh m ng yu, ng ngh nh. iu y khng th mun m c. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh no qu tht sanh t tng, ng yu, ng ngh nh, ngi y ngh nh vy: Nu t tng ta sanh ra ng yu, ng ngh nh, mong sao n l php thng hng, vnh cu v khng bin dch. iu y khng th mun m c. Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni s cu bt c l kh. Ny Ch Hin, ni lc nm th un l kh; ni th l v l g? l sc th un; th, tng, hnh, thc th un. Ny Ch Hin, v l y m ni nm th un l kh. Ny Ch Hin, thi qu kh l Kh Thnh ; thi v lai v hin ti l Kh Thnh . l iu chc tht khng h i, khng xa ri s tht, cng chng phi in o, c thm st mt cch chc tht. Nhng g hp vi s chc tht nh vy, l s hu ca Thnh, c nhn thc bi Thnh, c thu sut bi Thnh, c thy bi Thnh, l s gic ng ti thng chn chnh ca bc Thnh. Do d ni l Kh Thnh . Ci g l i tp Kh tp Thnh ? Ngha l chng sanh tht c su x tham i bn trong: mt, tai, mi, li, thn x.17 Trong nu c i, c cu bn, c nhim, c m trc, [468c] gi l tp. Ny Ch Hin, a vn Thnh t bit rng: Ta bit php nh vy, thy nh vy, hiu nh vy, nhn nh nh vy v tri gic nh vy, l i tp Kh tp Thnh . Bit nh vy l bit nh th no? Nu c ngi tham i v con, n t, k sai bo, quyn thuc, rung t, nh ca, qun x, ti vt xut vn v li li, to tc nhng nghip c i, c cu bn, c nhim, c trc, gi l tp. Ngi kia bit i tp Kh tp Thnh ny. Cng vy, ngoi x xc, th, tng, hnh, i, cng li nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh qu thc c su gii tham i: t, nc, la, gi, h khng, thc gii, trong nu c i, c cu bn, c nhim, c trc, gi l tp.
i ni lc x , tc su i thn. Cf. Tp d 15, tr. 429b26. Cf. D. iii. 244: cha tahky.
17

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Ny Ch Hin, a vn Thnh t bit rng Ta bit php nh vy, thy nh vy, hiu nh vy, nhn nh nh vy v tri gic nh vy, l i tp Kh tp Thnh . Bit nh vy l bit nh th no? Nu c ngi tham i v con, n t, k sai bo, quyn thuc, rung t, nh ca, qun x, ti vt xut vn v li li, to tc nhng nghip c i, c cu bn, c nhim, c trc, gi l tp. Ngi kia bit i tp Kh tp Thnh ny. Thi qu kh l kh Thnh ; thi v lai v hin ti l Kh Thnh . l iu chc tht khng h i, khng xa ri s tht, cng chng phi in o, c thm st mt cch chc tht. Nhng g hp vi s chc tht nh vy, l s hu ca Thnh, c nhn thc bi Thnh, c thu sut bi Thnh, c thy bi Thnh, l s gic ng ti thng chn chnh ca bc Thnh. Do d ni l Kh Thnh . Ny Ch Hin, th no l i dit Kh dit Thnh ? Ngha l chng sanh thc c su x tham i bn trong: Mt, tai, mi, li, thn v x. Chng sanh y gii thot, khng nhim, khng m trc, on b hon ton, v dc, dit tn, tnh tch; gi l Kh dit. Ny Ch Hin, a vn Thnh t bit rng Ta bit php nh vy, thy nh vy, hiu nh vy, nhn nh nh vy v tri gic nh vy, l i dit Kh dit Thnh . Bit nh vy l bit nh th no? Nu c ngi no khng tham i v con, n t, k sai bo, quyn thuc, rung t, nh ca, qun x, ti vt xut vn v li li, khng phi l to tc nghip, ngi y nu gii thot, khng nhim, khng m trc, on b hon ton, v dc, dit tn, tnh tch; gi l i dit, Kh dit Thnh . Cng th, ngoi x xc, th, tng, t, i, cng li nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, chng sanh qu tht c [469a] su gii tham i: t, nc, la, gi, h khng, thc gii; ngi y nu gii thot, khng nhim, khng m trc, on b hon ton, v dc, dit tn, tnh tch; gi l i dit, Kh dit Thnh . Ny Ch Hin, a vn Thnh t bit rng Ta bit php nh vy, thy nh vy, hiu nh vy, nhn nh nh vy v tri gic nh vy, l i dit Kh dit Thnh . Bit nh vy l bit nh th no? Nu c ngi no khng tham i v con, n t, k sai bo, quyn thuc, rung t, nh ca, qun x, ti vt xut

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vn v li li, khng phi l to tc nghip, ngi y nu gii thot, khng nhim, khng m trc, on b hon ton, v dc, dit tn, tnh tch; gi l i dit, Kh dit Thnh . Thi qu kh l kh Thnh ; thi v lai v hin ti l Kh Thnh . l iu chc tht khng h i, khng xa ri s tht, cng chng phi in o, c thm st mt cch chc tht. Nhng g hp vi s chc tht nh vy, l s hu ca Thnh, c nhn thc bi Thnh, c thu sut bi Thnh, c thy bi Thnh, l s gic ng ti thng chn chnh ca bc Thnh. Do d ni l i dit Kh dit Thnh . Ny Ch Hin, th no l Kh dit o Thnh ? l chnh kin, chnh t duy18, chnh ng, chnh nghip, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn19, chnh nim v chnh nh. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh kin? l khi v Thnh t khi suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o;20 hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh. Hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st21 tm hon ton gii thot, trong l s gin trch, gin trch ton din, gin trch quyt nh, gin trch php, nhn nh, ton din nhn nh, qun st minh t. l chnh kin22. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh t duy? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s
Nguyn-Hn: chnh ch . Nguyn-Hn: chnh phng tin . 20 Pl.: katam sammdihi? dukkhe a, dukkhasamudaye a, dukkhanirodhe a, dukkhanirodhagniy paidya a, chnh kin l g? kh tr, tp tria, dit tr, o tr. 21 V trc nim qun thin tm gii thot . Tham chiu Php Un 6 (i 26, tr.481c): V lu tc tng ng ( php gin trch), (s gin trch php) tng ng vi tc v lu. 22 Hn: trch, bin trch, quyt trch, trch php; th, bin th, qun st minh t , , , ; , , . Tham chiu Php un 6 (tr.481c): ( php) gin trch, cc gin trch, ti cc gin trch; liu, bin liu, cn liu; c hit, thng t, thm st, thng du, gic minh tu hnh ( ) , , ; , , ; , , , , .
19 18

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to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong l s t st, t st ton din, ty thun t st, iu no nn nim th nim, iu no nn hy vng th hy vng23. l chnh t duy. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh ng? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong ngoi bn diu hnh thuc ming, cn cc c hnh khc ni ming u vin ly, on tr, khng hnh, khng to tc, khng tp hp v khng t hi. l chnh ng. [469b] Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh nghip? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong ngoi ba diu hnh thuc thn, cn cc c hnh khc ni thn u vin ly, on tr, khng hnh, khng to tc, khng tp hp v khng t hi. l chnh nghip. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh mng? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong phi l mong cu v l, khng do nhiu tham dc m khng bit va , khng lm cc th xo quyt ba ch, sinh sng bng t mng. Ch theo chnh php m mong cu y phc, ch khng phi vi phi php, cng theo chnh php mong cu thc phm, ging
23

Hn: t, bin t, ty thun t... kh nim... kh vng , , . Tham chiu Php un 6 d trn: t duy... tm cu... suy mch... linh tm php th ng nhi chuyn .

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chng, ch khng phi vi phi php. l chnh mng. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh tinh tn? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong , nu c phng tin tinh tn th qu quyt, tinh cn mong cu, c kh nng th hng, chuyn ch khng x b, cng khng suy thi, quyt nh hng phc tm mnh. l chnh tinh tn. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh nim? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong , nu tm ty thun nim, phn chiu gii thot nim24, suy nim, bin mn suy nim, lin tc c nim, tm nim khng xao lng. l chnh nim. Ny Ch Hin, th no l chnh nh? l khi v Thnh t suy nim v kh l kh, tp l tp, dit l dit, o l o; hoc qun st v s to tc trc kia ca mnh, hoc hc suy nim v cc hnh, hoc thy cc hnh l tai ha, hoc thy Nit-bn l tch tnh; hoc khi bng suy nim khng nhim trc m qun st tm hon ton gii thot, trong , nu tm tr, thin tr, thun tr, khng lon, khng tn, chuyn nht25. l chnh nh. Ny Ch Hin, thi qu kh l Kh dit o Thnh ; [489c] thi v lai v hin ti l Kh dit o Thnh . l iu chc tht khng h di, khng xa ri s tht, cng chng phi in o, c thm st mt cch chc tht. Nhng g hp vi s chc tht nh vy, l s hu ca Thnh, c nhn thc bi Thnh, c thu sut bi Thnh, c thy bi Thnh, l s gic ng ti thng chn chnh ca bc Thnh. Do d ni Kh dit o Thnh .

Hn: bi bt hng nim ; chnh nim lin h n tm bi x hay tm gii thot. 25 Nhip ch ; c hiu l tm nht cnh tnh: tm v cnh lhip nht.

24

KINH PHAN BIET THANH E 268

Ri ngi ni bi tng rng: Pht thu trit cc php, Thy v lng thin c, Kh, tp, dit, o , Kho hin hin phn bit. Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. 26 q

PHM 4: PHP V TNG HU TNG NGY TH NHT

K tm tt: V tng hu, Th gi, Bc-cu, A-tu-la, a ng, v Chim-ba, c-gi, Th, u hai.
32. KINH V TNG HU PHP

33. KINH TH GI 34. KINH BC-CU-LA 35. KINH A-TU-LA 36. KINH A NG 37. KINH CHIM-BA 38. KINH C-GI TRNG GI (I) 39. KINH C-GI TRNG GI (II) 40. KINH TH TRNG GI (I) 41. KINH TH TRNG GI (II)
26

Bn Hn, ht quyn 7.

32. KINH V TNG HU PHP Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm vn Cp C c. By gi, vo lc x chiu, Tn gi A-nan ri tnh ta ng dy, i n ch Pht, ci u nh l chn Pht, ri ng qua mt bn, tha rng: Bch Th Tn, con nghe rng,1 c Th Tn vo thi Pht Ca-dip bt u pht nguyn Pht o, tu hnh phm hnh. Nu Th Tn vo thi Pht Ca-dip bt u pht nguyn Pht o, tu hnh phm hnh; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn vo thi Pht Ca-dip bt u pht nguyn Pht o, tu hnh phm hnh v sinh ln ci tri u-sut. Nu c Th Tn vo thi Pht Ca-dip bt u pht nguyn Pht o, tu hnh phm hnh v sinh ln ci tri u-sut; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn vo thi Pht Ca-dip2 [470a] bt u pht nguyn Pht o, tu hnh phm hnh v sinh ln ci tri u-sut. Th Tn sinh ln sau nhng c ba vic th Thng Lm hn cc v tri sinh trc. l th mng, dung sc v vinh d nh tri. Do nn cc v tri u-sut vui mng hn h, tn thn rng: K diu thay, hy hu thay, v Thin t ny c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. V sao vy? V v y sinh n y sau nhng c ba vic th Thng Lm hn nhng v tri u-sut sinh n trc; l th mng, dung sc v vinh d nh tri. Nu c Th Tn vo thi Pht Ca-dip bt u pht nguyn Pht o, tu hnh phm hnh v sinh ln ci tri u-sut. Th Tn sinh ln sau nhng c ba vic th Thng Lm hn cc v tri sinh trc. l th mng, dung sc v vinh d nh tri. Do nn cc v tri u-sut vui mng hn h, tn thn rng: K diu thay, hy hu thay, v thin t ny c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. V sao vy? V v y sinh n y sau nhng c ba vic th Thng Lm hn nhng v tri u-sut sinh n trc;
1 2

M 123 (iii.119): A-nan t thn nghe t chnh c Pht ni, cho n oncui. M 123 khng cp.

KINH V TANG HU PHAP 260

l th mng, dung sc v vinh d nh tri. Th th con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn mng chung tri u-sut, bit s vo thai m, lc y chn ng tt c t tri, c nh sng vi diu qung i chiu khp th gian cho n ch u ti, cng khng c g ngn che c; ngha l ni no mt tri, mt trng ny d c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, cng khng chiu ri nh sng n c, th tt c ni y u c chiu ngi. Chng sanh cc ni y do thy nh sng nhim mu ny u mi mi pht sanh nhn thc rng: C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i3! Nu c Th Tn mng chung tri u-sut, bit s vo thai m, lc y chn ng tt c t tri, c nh sng vi diu qung i chiu khp th gian cho n ch u ti, cng khng c g ngn che c; ngha l ni no mt tri, mt trng ny d c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, cng khng chiu ri nh sng n c, th tt c ni y u c chiu ngi. Chng sanh cc ni y do thy nh sng nhim mu ny u mi mi pht sanh nhn thc rng: C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! Th con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn bit mnh tr trong thai m, ta vo hng bn phi. Nu c Th Tn bit mnh tr trong thai m, ta vo hng bn phi, th con xin th tr php v tng hu ny ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn hnh th dui di4 tr trong thai m. Nu c Th Tn hnh th dui di tr trong thai m, [470b] th con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn, c bao che, tr trong thai m, khng b mu bn lm cho cu u, cng khng b tinh kh cc th bt tnh khc lm cho cu u. Nu c Th Tn, c bao che, tr trong thai m, khng b mu bn lm cho cu u, cng khng b tinh kh bt tnh

Pli: ae pi kira, bho, santi satt idhpapann ti, Ny bn, c nhng chng sanh khc xut hin y. 4 Hn: th th , hnh th dui di, hay th thi?

KINH V TANG HU PHAP

261

khc lm cho cu u; th con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn bit mnh ra khi thai m, lc y chn ng tt c t tri, c nh sng vi diu qung i chiu khp th gian cho n ch u ti, cng khng c g ngn che c; ngha l ni no mt tri, mt trng ny d c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, cng khng chiu ri nh sng n c, th tt c ni y u c chiu ngi. Chng sanh cc ni y do thy nh sng nhim mu ny u mi mi pht sanh nhn thc rng: C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! Nu c Th Tn bit mnh ra khi thai m, lc y chn ng tt c t tri, c nh sng vi diu qung i chiu khp th gian cho n ch u ti, cng khng c g ngn che c; ngha l ni no mt tri, mt trng ny d c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, cng khng chiu ri nh sng n c, th tt c ni y u c chiu ngi. Chng sanh cc ni y do thy nh sng nhim mu ny u mi mi pht sanh nhn thc rng: C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! C mt chng sanh k diu, hy hu ra i! Th con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn thn th dui di5 m ra khi thai m. Nu c Th Tn thn th dui di m ra khi thai m th con xin th tr php v tng hu ny ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn c bao che khi ra khi thai m, khng b mu bn lm cho cu u, cng khng b tinh kh v cc vt bt tnh khc lm cho cu u. Nu c Th Tn c bao che khi ra khi thai m, khng b mu bn lm cho cu u, cng khng b tinh kh v cc th bt tnh khc lm cho cu u; th con xin th tr php v tng hu ny ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, khi c Th Tn mi sanh ra, c bn v thin t, tay cm tm vi rt mn ng trc thai m, lm cho ngi m hoan h, tn thn rng: ng t ny ry k diu, rt hy hu, c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. Nu nh c Th Tn mi

Xem cht.4 trn.

KINH V TANG HU PHAP 262

sanh ra, c bn v thin t, tay cm tm vi rt mn ng trc thai m, lm cho ngi m hoan h, tn thn rng: ng t ny ry k diu, rt hy hu, c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. Th con xin th tr php v tng hu ny ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, khi c Th Tn va mi sanh ra, lin i by bc khng khip s, khng kinh hi, [470c] quan st cc phng. Nu Th Tn va mi sanh ra, lin i by bc khng khip s, khng kinh hi, quan st cc phng; th con xin th tr php v tng hu ny ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, khi c Th Tn va mi sanh ra, th ngay pha trc ngi m bng hin mt h nc ln, nc y trn b, lm cho ngi m ni y c th dng thanh tnh. Nu Th Tn va mi sanh ra, th ngay pha trc ngi m bng hin mt h nc ln, nc y trn b, lm cho ngi m ni y c th dng thanh tnh; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, khi c Th Tn va mi sanh ra, t trn h khng nc ma ri xung, mt m, mt lnh, tm thn th ca Th Tn. Nu khi c Th Tn va mi sanh ra, t trn h khng nc ma ri xung, mt m, mt lnh, tm thn th ca Th Tn; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, khi c Th Tn va mi sanh ra, Ch Thin trn h khng tu ln m nhc ca tri; hoa sen xanh, hoa sen hng, hoa sen , hoa sen trng v hoa vn--la ca tri, v bt hng chin-n c ri ln c Th Tn. Nu khi c Th Tn va mi sanh ra, Ch Thin trn h khng tu ln m nhc ca tri; hoa sen xanh, hoa sen hng, hoa sen , hoa sen trng v hoa vn--la ca ci tri, v bt hng chinn c ri ln c Th Tn; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, c Th Tn,6 ti nh ca cha l Bch Tnh vng, vo mt ngy i d l h in, ngi di gc cy dim-ph, ly dc, ly c bt thin php, c tm c t, c h lc pht sanh do vin ly, nhp S thin, thnh tu v an tr. By gi l bui x, tt c bng ca cc cy
6

M. 123: A-nan ch k cho n khi B tt ging sanh xong l ht

KINH V TANG HU PHAP

263

khc u ng dn, ch c cy dim-ph l bng cy khng ng, che mt thn ca c Th Tn. Lc , Thch Bch Tnh n quan st cng tc h in, i n ch ngi lm rung hi rng: Ny nng phu, Vng t ch no? Ngi y tr li rng: Vng t7 hin ang di gc cy dim-ph. Ri Thch Bch Tnh i n cy dim-ph, by gi l x tra. Thch Bch Tnh thy bng ca tt c cc cy khc u ng, ch c bng cy dim-ph l khng ng, che mt thn th ca Th Tn, lin ngh nh vy: Vng t ny tht l k diu, rt hy hu, c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. V sao th? V vo lc x tra tt c cc bng cy u ng, ch c bng cy dim-ph l khng ng, che mt thn ca Vng t. Nu vo bui x tra tt c cy u ng bng, ch c bng cy dim-ph khng ng, [471a] che mt thn th ca c Th Tn; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng c mt thi c Th Tn tr ti T-x-li, trong i lm. By gi, khi m qua, vo lc sng sm, c Th Tn khoc y cm bt vo thnh T-x-li kht thc. Sau khi kht thc xong, xp y, ct bt, ra tay chn, vt ni-s-n ln vai, i vo rng, n di mt gc cy ala, tri ni-s-n, ngi kit-gi. By gi l lc x bng, tt c cc bng cy khc u ng, ch c bng cy a-la l khng ng che mt thn th ca c Th Tn. By gi vo lc x bng, Thch Ma-ha-nam8 ung dung i n i lm. Thch Ma-ha-nam thy rng, vo bui x, tt c bng cy u ng ch tr bng cy a-la l khng ng che mt thn th ca c Th Tn, lin ngh nh vy: Sa-mn C-m rt l k diu, rt l hy hu, c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. V sao vy? V vo bui x, tt c bng cy u ng, ch c bng cy a-la l khng ng che mt thn th C-m. Nu lc x bng, tt c cc bng cy khc u ng, ch c bng cy a-la l khng ng che mt thn th ca c Th Tn; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn.
Hn: thin ng t . Thch Ma-ha-nam . C l y l Mahnma ca dng h Licchavi Vesli, ch khng phi Mahnma dng h Thch Kapilavatthu, con trai Amitodna (Cam L Phn vng). Tham kho Pli, A. iii 75ff.
8 7

KINH V TANG HU PHAP 264

Con nghe rng, mt thi Th Tn tr ti nc T-x-li, trong i lm. By gi cc T-kheo bt ngoi ch t trng, bt ca Th Tn cng c trong s y, c mt con kh m bt ca Th Tn m i. Cc thy T-kheo la , s n lm b bt ca Th Tn. Nhng Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Hy yn. Hy yn. ng la. N khng lm b bt u. Th ri kh m bt ca Th Tn m i, n mt cy sa-la, chm ri leo ln, ly y bt mt ni cy sa-la, ri chm ri leo xung, tr v ch c Pht, em dng bt mt y ln c Pht. c Th Tn khng th nhn. Lc y kh lin m bt qua mt bn, dng a gp b su. Sau khi nht b su, n m bt tr li dng ln Th Tn. Th Tn li khng nhn. Kh li m qua mt bn, mc nc vo trong mt, ri m tr li dng ln Th Tn. Th Tn lin th nhn. Kh thy Th Tn ly bt mt ri lin vui mng hn h, ma may nhy nht ri b i. Nu c Th Tn khin con kh kia, khi thy c Th Tn ly bt mt ri vui mng hn h ma may nhy nht, ri i; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng mt thi c Th Tn tr T-x-li, ti ngi nh sn9, bn b ao Di hu. [471b] By gi Th Tn ang phi ta c, r bi, phi t. Lc y c mt m my n tri thi che kn khp h khng mun ma nhng dng li ch c Th Tn phi ta c, r bi, phi t, xp ct mt ni, ri mang ct chi; vo ng trong nn nh. By gi m my ln y thy c Th Tn xp ct ta c ri mi ma xung rt ln, t cao cho n thp, nc ngp trn lai lng. Nu c Th Tn lm cho m my ln kia thy Th Tn xp ct ta c ri, mi ma xung tht to v t t cho n thp nc ngp trn lai lng; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe mt thi c Th Tn tr ti Bt-k10, ngi di cy Sa-la Th vng, trong rng n tuyn. By gi l bui x tra, tt c bng cy khc u ng, ch tr bng cy Sa-la Th vng l khng ng, che mt thn th c Th Tn. Khi y ch vn La-ma i do xem vn, thy rng vo bui x, tt c bng cy khc u ng, ch tr bng cy Sa-la
9

Cao lu i qun . Pli: Kgrasl, ngi nh sn, ging ng Trng cc, trong i lm (Mahvana), Vesli. 10 Bt-k , tn chng tc v cng l tn nc. Pli: Vajji.

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Th vng l khng ng che mt thn th ca Th Tn, lin ngh nh vy: Sa-mn C-m tht l k diu, tht l hy hu, c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn. V sao vy? V sao bui x tt c bng cy khc u ng, ch tr cy Sa-la th vng l khng ng bng che mt thn th ca Sa-mn C-m. Nu c Th Tn vo bui x tt c bng cy khc u ng, ch tr bng cy Sa-la Th vng l khng ng che mt thn th ca Th Tn; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng c mt thi c Th Tn trong miu thn A-ph11. By gi khi m tn, vo lc sng sm, c Th Tn khoc y m bt vo thn A-ph kht thc. Sau khi kht thc xong, xp y, ct bt, ra chn tay xong, Ngi vt ni-s-n ln vai, vo miu thn ngi thin tnh. By gi tri ma rt to; sm st nh cht bn con tru v hai ngi cy. Lc chn ct hai ngi cht y, m ng n o, m thanh cao v to, ting di chn ng. By gi vo lc x chiu, c Th Tn ri ch ngi tnh ta ng dy, t trong miu thn i ra, n ch t trng kinh hnh. Trong m ng c mt ngi thy c Th Tn vo lc x tra ri ch tnh ta ng dy, trong miu thn i ra, n ch t trng kinh hnh, lin i n ch Pht ci u lm l ri i kinh hnh theo sau c Pht. c Pht thy ngi y pha sau nn hi rng: V c g m m ng n o, m thanh cao v to, ting di chn ng vy? Ngi y tha rng: Bch Th Tn khi tra, [471c] tri ma rt to; sm st nh cht bn con b v hai ngi cy. Lc chn ct hai ngi cht y, m ng n o, m thanh cao v to, ting di chn ng. Bch Th Tn va ri Ngi khng nghe g ht sao? Th Tn tr li rng: Ta khng nghe cc m thanh y. Li hi rng: Va ri Ngi ng hay sao? Th Tn tr li: Khng phi. Li hi c Th Tn: Lc y Ngi tnh m khng nghe cc m thanh y sao? Th Tn p: Qu tht vy. By gi ngi kia lin suy ngh rng: Rt l k diu, rt l hy hu, s hnh ca Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, rt l vng lng, rt l tch tnh. V sao vy? V lc tnh m vn khng nghe cc m thanh to ln y. Nu c Th Tn tnh thc m vn khng nghe cc m
11

A-ph . Pli: tum. T on ny tr xung, tham chiu, No.1(2), Kinh s 2 (Du Hnh).

KINH V TANG HU PHAP 266

thanh to ln y; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng, mt thi c Pht tr ti Ut-t-la12 bn b sng Nilin-nhin13, ngi di cy A-x-ha-la ni-cu-loi14, lc mi chng c Pht o. By gi ma ln n by ngy, t cao n thp u b ngp nc, tng lung nc ln chy xoy ngang dc, trong vng t trng , c Th Tn i kinh hnh, n ni no th ni y c bi bay ln. Nu c Th Tn trong vng c lung nc xoy ngang dc, m i kinh hnh, n ch no th ch y c bi bay ln; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng Ma vng trong sut su nm theo Pht tm ch s on m khng c, lin chn nn nn b v. Nu c Th Tn b Ma vng trong sut su nm theo tm ch s on m khng c, lin chn nn nn b v; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. Con nghe rng c Th Tn, trong sut by nm suy nim v thn, lun lun suy nim khng gin on. Nu c Th Tn trong sut by nm suy nim v thn, lun lun khng gin on; con xin th tr php v tng hu y ca c Th Tn. By gi c Th Tn bo rng: Ny A-nan, ngi hy nghe Nh Lai ni m th tr thm php v tng hu ny na. Ny A-nan, Nh Lai bit th sanh, bit tr, bit dit, lun lun bit, chng c lc no chng bit. Ny A-nan, Nh Lai bit t v tng sanh, bit tr, bit dit, lun lun bit. Khng lc khng bit. Cho nn, ny A-nan hy nn t ni Nh Lai m th tr thm php v tng hu ny. c Th Tn thuyt nh vy. Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo, sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Ut-t-la . Pli: Uruvel. Ni-lin-nhin (Ni-lin-thin) Pli: Nerajar. 14 A-x-ha-la Ni-cu-loi . Pli: Ajapla-Nigrodha, cy B.
13

12

33. KINH TH GI Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti thnh Vng x. By gi, c cc i t, l cc T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn Danh c, c nhiu ngi bit n; l Tn gi Cu-ln-nh1, [472a] Anhip-bi2, Tn gi Thch-ca Vng Bt-3, Tn gi Ma-ha-nam Cu-l 4, Tn gi Ha-ph5, Tn gi Da-x6, Tn gi Bn-nu7, Tn gi Duy-mala8, Tn gi Gi-ha-ba-9, Tn gi Tu--da10, Tn gi X-li-pht 11, Tn gi A-na-lut-12, Tn gi Nan-13, Tn gi Kim-t-la14, Tn gi L-ba-15, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin16, Tn gi i Ca-dip17, Tn gi i Cu-hi-la18, Tn gi i Chu-na19, Tn gi i Ca-chin-din20, Tn

Cu-ln-nh (Aa-Koaa). A-nhip-bi (Assaji). 3 Thch-ca Vng Bt- (Bhaddiya), nguyn l Vua h Thchca. 4 Ma-ha-nam Cu-l (Mahnma Kolita). 5 Ha-ph (Vappa). 6 Da-x (Yasa). 7 Bn-nu (Pua). 8 Duy-ma-la (Vimala). 9 Gi-ha-ba- (Gavampati). 10 Tu--da . 11 X-li-pht (Sriputta). 12 A-na-lut- (Anurudha). 13 Nan- (Nandiya). 14 Kim-t-la (Kimbila). 15 L-b- (Revata). 16 i Mc-kin-lin (Mah-Moggallna). 17 i Ca-dip (Mah-Kassapa). 18 i Cu-hi-la (Mah-Kohita). 19 i Chu-na (Mah-Cunda). 20 i Ca-chin-din (Mah-Kaccyana).
2

KINH TH GIA 270

gi Bn-nu-da-nu-t trng lo21, Tn gi Da-x Hnh Tr trng lo 22, rt nhiu cc v T-kheo Trng lo Thng tn Danh c, i t, c mi ngi bit n, tng t nh vy, cng thnh Vng X. Tt c u tr gn ngi nh l ca Pht. By gi Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Hin nay tui ca Ta gi; thn th ngy cng suy yu, tui th qu gi ri, nn Ta cn c th gi. Cc thy hy c cho Ta mt th gi, lm sao chm sc Ta, xng ch khng phi khng xng , ghi nh li Ta ni m khng qun mt ngha23. Lc y Tn gi Cu-ln-nh lin t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa y, chp tay hng v c Pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, con xin nguyn hu h, xng ch khng phi khng xng , ghi nh nhng li Ngi ni m khng qun mt ngha. c Th Tn bo rng: Ny Cu-ln-nh, thy cng tui gi, thn th ngy cng suy yu, tui th qua di ri. Chnh thy cng cn c th gi. Ny Cu-ln-nh, thy nn lui v ch ngi i. By gi Tn gi Cu-ln-nh nh l chn Pht ri lui v ch ngi. Cng nh vy, ln lt Tn gi A-nhip-bi, Tn gi Thch-ca Vng Bt-, Tn gi Ma-ha-nam Cu-l, Tn gi Ha-ph, Tn gi Da-x, Tn gi Bn-nu, Tn gi Duy-ma-la, Tn gi Gi-ha-ba-, Tn gi Tu--da, Tn gi X-li-pht, Tn gi A-na-lut-, Tn gi Nan-, Tn gi Kim-t-la, Tn gi L-b-, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, Tn gi i Ca-dip, Tn gi i Cu-hi-la, Tn gi i Chu-na, Tn gi i Ca-chin-din, Tn gi Bn-nu-da-nu-t trng lo. Tn gi Da-x Hnh Tr Trng lo ri ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o, chp tay hng v c Pht tha rng:

Bn-nu-da-nu-t trng lo . Da-x Hnh tr trng lo . 23 Sut trong khi hai mi nm u, k t khi thnh o c Pht khng c th gi ring. V ny hoc v kia thay nhau th gi Ngi. Nhng nhng v ny khng xng Ngi, i khi khng vng li Ngi, c lc m y bt ca Ngi i mt.
22

21

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Bch Th Tn, con xin nguyn hu h xng ch khng phi khng xng , ghi nh nhng li Ngi dy m khng qun ngha. c Th Tn bo rng: Ny Da-x, thy cng tui gi, thn th ngy cng suy yu, tui th qua di ri. Chnh thy cng cn c th gi. Ny Da-x, thy nn lui v ch ngi i. Tn gi Da-x ly dic chn Pht ri quay v [472b] ch ngi. By gi, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin ang trong i chng y lin suy ngh nh vy: c Th Tn mun tm v no lm th gi? ngh t vo T-kheo no? Mun cho ai chm sc Ngi, xng ch khng phi khng xng , v ghi nh nhng li Ngi dy m khng qun mt ngha? C l ta nn nhp nh nh th24 quan st tm ca chng T-kheo. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin lin nhp nh nh th, bit Th Tn mun chn Hin gi A-nan lm th gi, Ngi t vo A-nan, mun A-nan chm sc, xng ch khng phi khng xng , ghi nh li dy m khng qun ngha. By gi Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin lin xut nh, tha vi chng Tkheo rng: Ch Hin bit khng, c Th Tn mun chn Hin gi A-nan lm th gi. Ngi t vo A-nan; mun A-nan chm sc, xng ch khng phi l khng xng , ghi nh li dy m khng qun ngha. By gi chng ta nn cng nhau n ch Hin gi A-nan khuyn d thy y lm th gi ca Th Tn. By gi Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin v cc T-kheo cng nhau n ch Tn gi A-nan, cho hi xong ri ngi sang mt bn. Tn gi i Mckin-lin sau khi ngi xung, ni rng: Hin gi A-nan, thy c bit khng, c Th Tn mun chn thy lm th gi; Ngi t vo A-nan, mun A-nan chm sc Ngi, v thy xng Ngi ch khng phi khng xng , ghi nh li dy ca Ngi m khng qun mt ngha.

Hn: nh k tng nh ; Pli: tathrpa samdhi sampajji, nhp vo tam-mui c hnh thc nh th.

24

KINH TH GIA 272

A-nan, cng nh ngoi thn xm khng bao xa, c mt ta lu i to ln, ca s m ra pha ng; khi mt tri mc ln, nh sng s ri thng vo vch pha Ty. Ny Hin gi A-nan, c Th Tn cng vy, mun chn A-nan lm th gi, Ngi t vo A-nan, mun A-nan chm sc Ngi, xng ch khng phi khng xng , ghi nh li dy ca Ngi m khng qun mt ngha. Ny Hin gi A-nan, by gi thy nn lm th gi c Th Tn. Tn gi A-nan tha rng: Bch Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, ti khng th lnh trch nhim hu h c Th Tn ni. V sao th? V vi cc c Pht Th Tn kh xng , kh hu h, ngha l kh lm th gi. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, cng nh i vi mt con voi rt hng mnh, hn su mi tui, kiu ngo, sc mnh cng thnh, ng, vc, kh lm xng , kh thn cn; ngha l kh coi sc. Tha Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, vi c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, cng nh vy, kh xng , kh thn cn; ngha l kh lm th gi. Tha Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, v vy ti khng th lnh trch nhim lm th gi c. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, ni rng: Ny Hin gi A-nan, thy hy nghe [472c] ti ni v d, ngi c tr nghe v d lin hiu ngha ca n. Ny Hin gi A-nan, cng nh hoa u-m-bt-la thnh thong mi xut hin th gian. Ny Hin gi A-nan, c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic cng li nh vy. Tnh thong mi xut th. Ny Hin gi A-nan, thy nn mau lm th gi c Th Tn ri s c kt qu ln. Tn gi A-nan li bch: Tha Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, nu c Th Tn chp thun ba iu nguyn ca ti th ti mi c th lm th gi. Nhng g l ba? Ti nguyn khng p y ca Th Tn, d c hay mi. Nguyn khng n thc phm bit thnh ca Pht. Nguyn khng gp Th Tn phi thi. Tha Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, nu c Th Tn cho php ti nguyn ba iu y, ti mi lm th gi c Th Tn. By gi, sau khi khuyn Tn gi A-nan lm th gi ri, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin ng dy i quanh Tn gi A-nan ri tr v. i n ch

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c Pht, Tn gi ci u nh l chn Pht, ri ngi sang mt bn, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, con khuyn d Hin gi A-nan lm th gi Pht. Bch Th Tn, Hin gi A-nan xin ni Pht ba li nguyn, ni rng: Nhng g l ba? Nguyn khng p y ca Th Tn, d c hay mi; nguyn khng n thc phm bit thnh ca Pht; nguyn khng gp Th Tn phi thi. Tha Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, nu c Th Tn cho php ti nguyn ba iu y, ti mi lm th gi c Th Tn. c Th Tn ni: Ny i Mc-kin-lin, T-kheo A-nan thng minh tr tu, bit trc s c nhng li him t, hoc c v ng phm hnh s ni nh vy: Tkheo A-nan v y o nn hu h c Th Tn. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, T-kheo A-nan thng minh tr tu, bit trc s c nhng li him t hoc cc ng phm hnh, ni nh vy: T-kheo A-nan v y o nn hu h c Th Tn; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, T-kheo A-nan thng minh tr tu, bit trc s c nhng li him t, hoc c v ng phm hnh s ni nh vy: Tkheo A-nan v n nn hu h c Th Tn. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, T-kheo A-nan thng minh tr tu, d on s c nhng li him t hoc cc ng phm hnh ni nh vy: T-kheo A-nan v n nn hu h c Th Tn; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, T-kheo A-nan kho bit thi, kho phn bit c thi, bit lc no l thi nn n gp Nh Lai, lc no khng phi l thi n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no l thi [743a] chng T-kheo v chng T-kheo-ni nn n gp Nh Lai, lc no khng phi l thi chng T-kheo v chng T-kheo-ni nn n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no l thi chng u-b-tc v chng u-b-di nn n gp Nh Lai, lc no khng phi l thi chng u-b-tc v chng u-b-di nn n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc nn n gp Nh Lai, bit lc no cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc khng nn n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc khng nn n gp Nh Lai; bit cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc no c th bn lun vi Nh Lai; bit cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, d hc no khng th bn lun vi Nh Lai; bit thc n loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai

KINH TH GIA 274

dng ri s an n, c li ch, loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai dng ri s khng c an n, c li ch; thc n loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai dng ri s c bin ti thuyt php. Bit thc n loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai dng ri s khng c bin ti thuyt php; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, mc d T-kheo A-nan khng c tha tm tr, nhng c th kho bit trc c Nh Lai s thuyt php cho ai khi Nh Lai ri tnh ta ng dy vo bui x, hm nay Nh Lai s lm nh vy, s c hin php lc tr nh vy, nhn xt ng li Ngi ni, chc tht khng th sai khc. l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Khi Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy25: Tha Ch Hin, ti hu c Th Tn hai mi lm nm, nu do m khi tm cng cao, khng th c s kin nh vy. Tn gi A-nan ni nh th; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, ti hu c Th Tn trong hai mi lm nm, cho n nay cha h gp c Th Tn phi thi. Tn gi A-nan ni nh th; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, ti hu c Th Tn trong hai mi lm nm, cha tng mt ln b Pht khin trch, tr c mt li, li cng v ngi khc26. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, ti th tm vn php t27 t c Nh Lai, th tr khng qun; nu nhn iu m khi cng cao, s kin nh vy khng th c. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, ti th tm vn php t t
Lu trong bn Hn, vn kh thay i t li ghi nhn ca Pht chuyn sang li thut s. 26 Mt ln Th Tn bnh, A-nan nu cho nhng phm phi mt iu lut do b Pht khin trch. Thp Tng 26, tr.187a. 27 Php t, hay Php un, th ti hay ngha c cp trong gio php ca Pht. Pli: dhamakkhandha.
25

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c Nh Lai, cha hi ln th hai, tr c mt cu, cu y nh vy cng [473b] khng d. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, ti th tm vn php t t c Nh Lai, cha h th php t ngi khc. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, ti th tm vn php t t c Nh Lai, khi u cha c tm ny, rng Ti th tr php y dy li ngi khc. Ny Ch Hin, ti ch mun t ch ng, t tch tnh, t Btnit-bn thi. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tkheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, c iu rt k l ny. l c bn b chng i n ch ti nghe php. Nu ti v th m khi cng cao, iu y khng th c c. Ti cng khng h tc trc rng: Nu c ai n hi, ta s tr li nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, ti ngay trn ch ngi ty theo ngha ngi kia hi m tr li. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Tha Ch Hin, c iu rt k l ny. l c s ng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, D hc n hi ti s vic g, nu v th m ti s st, hi hng, lng tc dng ng; khng th c s kin y. Ti cng khng h tc trc rng: Nu c ai n hi, ta s tr li nh vy. Ny Ch Hin, ti ngay trn ch ngi ty theo ngha ngi kia hi m tr li. Tn gi A-nan ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Li na, c mt thi, Tn gi X-li-pht, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, Tn gi A-nan tr ti nc X-v, trong ni B-la-la. By gi Tn gi X-li-pht hi rng: Ny Hin gi A-nan, thy hu h c Pht cho n nay l hai mi lm nm, thy nh c ln no khi dc tm khng? Tn gi A-nan tha rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, ti cn l hng hu hc cha ly dc. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Ny Hin gi A-nan, ti khng hi thy l bc hu hc hay v hc. Ti ch hi, trong hai mi lm nm qua hu h c Th Tn, thy nh c

KINH TH GIA 276

ln no khi dc tm khng? Tn gi X-li-pht ba ln lp li cu hi: Ny Hin gi A-nan, hai mi lm nm qua thy hu h c Th Tn, thy nh c ln no khi dc tm khng? Tn gi A-nan cng ba ln lp li cu tr li rng: Tha Tn gi [473c] X-li-pht, ti cn l hng hu hc cha ly dc. Tn gi X-li-pht li hi rng: Ny Hin gi A-nan, ti khng hi thy l bc hu hc hay v hc. Ti ch hi, trong hai mi lm nm qua hu h c Th Tn, thy nh c ln no khi dc tm khng? By gi Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin ni rng: Ny Hin gi A-nan, p nhanh i, p nhanh i, ny A-nan, thy ng quy ry Thng tn Trng lo. Lc Tn gi A-nan tr li rng: Tha Tn gi X-li-pht, hai mi lm nm qua, ti hu h c Pht, ti nh li cha h c ln no pht khi dc tm. V sao vy? V ti thng hng n Th Tn v cc v ng phm hnh vi tm nim h thn. Tn gi A-nan ni nh th; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Anan. Li na, c mt thi c Th Tn tr thnh Vng X, tr trong Nham sn. By gi Th Tn bo rng: Ny A-nan, ngi nn nm nh cch nm ca s t. Tn gi A-nan bch rng: Bch Th Tn, s t, cha t ca loi th, nm theo cch no? c Th Tn p: Ny A-nan, s t, cha t ca loi th, ban ngy i tm n, xong ri vo hang; khi mun ng, bn chn xp chng ln nhau, ngay ui ra sau, nm bng hng bn phi; qua m n sng hm sau, quay li sau nhn thn th. Nu s t cha t ca loi th, m thn th khng ngay thng, th khi thy ri, n khng vui. Nu s t cha t ca loi th, m thn th c ngay ngn khp mi pha, th khi thy ri n lin vui mng. N t ch nm ng dy, trong hang i ra; i ra ri gm g;

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gm g ri t ngm thn th; t ngm thn th ri nhn khp bn hng, xoay nhn khp bn hng ri lin rng ln ba ln, rng ba ln ri lin i tm n. Cch thc nm ca s t cha l nh vy. Tn gi A-nan bch rng: Bch Th Tn, cch thc nm ca s t, cha t ca loi th, l nh vy. Cn cch nm ca T-kheo phi nh th no? c Th Tn p rng: Ny A-nan, nu T-kheo sng ni thn p, khi m qua, vo lc sng sm, khoc y m bt, i vo thn kht thc, kho h tr thn th, nhip th cc cn, tr vi chnh nim. V y t thn p kht thc xong, xp y ct bt, ra sch tay chn, vt Ni-s-n ln vai i n ch rng vng, hoc n di bng cy, hoc vo trong nh trng, hoc kinh hnh, hoc ta thin, tnh tr nhng php chng ngi trong tm. Ban ngy hoc kinh hnh hoc ta thin tnh tr nhng php chng ngi trong tm ri. Li vo u hm hoc kinh hnh, hoc ta thin, tnh tr nhng php chng ngi trong tm. Sau khi hoc kinh hnh, hoc ta thin tnh tr nhng php chng ngi trong tm vo lc u hm ri, n na m i vo tnh tht nm, xp lm t ut-ala-tng28, [474a] tri ln ging, gp y tng-gi-l lm gi, nm xung pha hng bn phi, hai chn xp chng ln nhau, buc vo n tng nh sng 29, chnh nim, chnh tr, hng hng tm nim n tng s tri dy. Sau m y lin nhanh chng ngi dy, hoc kinh hnh, hoc ta thin, tnh tr nhng php chng ngi trong tm. Nh th l php nm nh s t ca T-kheo. Tn gi A-nan bch rng: Bch Th Tn, cch nm nh s t ca T-kheo l nh vy. Tn gi A-nan li ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, c Th Tn dy ti cch nm ging nh s t; t tr i cha h c ln no ti nm nghing v bn hng tri. Tn gi
28

u-a-la-tng : Ut-a-la-tng. Pli: uttarsaga, dch l thng y, o khoc phn trn thn th. Thng th ni l tri tng-gi-l bn lp; Pli:
catugguam saghi papetv.
29

Minh tng , suy tng v nh sng.

KINH TH GIA 278

A-nan ni nh th; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Li na, c thi c Th Tn tr Cu-thi-na-kit30, tr trong rng Sa-la ca Ha-bt-an Lc s31. By gi l lc ti hu, Th Tn sp nhp Btnit-bn, Ngi bo rng: Ny A-nan, ngi hy i n gia hai cy Song th, tri ging u quay v hng Bc, cho Nh Lai. Na khuya m nay Nh Lai s Bt-nit-bn. Tn gi A-nan vng li dy ca Nh Lai, lin n gia hai cy Song th tri ging nm, u quay v hng Bc cho c Nh Lai. Tri ging ri tr v ni c Pht, ci u l chn Pht, ng sang mt bn, tha rng: Bch Th Tn, con tri ging nm, u quay hng Bc, cho c Nh Lai, gia hai cy Song th. Knh mong c Th Tn t nn bit thi. By gi c Th Tn dn Tn gi A-nan n gia hai cy Song th, xp lm t ut--la-tng tri ln ging, gp y tng-gi-l lm gi, nm v hng hng bn phi, hai chn xp chng ln nhau. Lc ti hu sp Bt-nit-bn, Tn gi A-nan qut hu Pht, a tay gt nc mt, ri ngh nh vy: Trc kia, c chng T-kheo cc ni mun n thm ving c Th Tn cng dng l bi, h u c th ty lc m c thm ving c Th Tn l bi cng dng. Nu nghe c Th Tn Bt-nit-bn, h s khng cn n c thm ving c Th Tn m cng dng l bi. Ta cng khng cn ty lc m thm ving c Th Tn cng dng l bi. 32

Cu-thi-na-kit . Pli: Kusinra, th trn ni Pht s nhp Nit-bn. Ha-bt-an Lc s Sa-la lm ; No.1(2) kinh s 2 Du Hnh: Bn sanh x Mt-la song th gian. Pli: rng Upavattana, rng cy sla, bn b sng Hiraavati (Hi-lin-thin), ca dng h Malla Kusinar. c Thch Tn s nhp Nit-bn trong rng ny. 32 on ny c th Hn dich c s nhm ln. Xem, N 1(2) kinh Du hnh, tr. 26a: Th Tn, hin nay cc Sa-mn khp bn phng, gm nhng v k cu a vn, thu hiu kinh lut, c hnh thanh cao, thng n bi yt Pht, nhn con c l knh v gn gi hi han. Nhng sau khi Pht dit ri, h khng n na, con khng cn bit hi ai na, th lm sao? Nhn cu hi A-an
31

30

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By gi, c Th Tn hi cc T-kheo rng: T-kheo A-nan by gi u? Lc y cc T-kheo bch rng: Bch Th Tn, Tn gi A-nan ang cm qut hu Pht, a tay gt nc mt ri ngh th ny: Trc kia, c chng T-kheo cc ni mun n thm ving c Th Tn cng dng l bi, th u c th ty lc m c thm ving c Th Tn l bi cng dng. Nu h nghe c Th Tn Bt-nit-bn th h s khng cn n c thm ving c Th Tn m cng dng l bi. Ta cng khng cn ty lc m thm ving c Th Tn cng dng l bi. By gi [474b] Th Tn bo rng: Ny A-nan, ngi ch khc lc, cng ch bun ru. V sao vy? Ny Anan, ngi hu h Ta, thn hnh t ha, khu v hnh t ha, cha tng c hai lng, an lc v lng, v bin, v hn. Ny A-nan, nu cc Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, trong i qu kh, c ngi th gi no hu h cng khng th hn ngi c. Ny A-nan, nu cc Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, trong i v lai, c ngi th gi no hu h cng khng th hn ngi c. Ny A-nan, Ta, Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, trong i hin ti, nu c ngi no lm th gi, cng khng th hn ngi c. V sao vy? A-nan kho bit thi, kho phn bit c thi, bit lc no l thi nn n gp Nh Lai, lc no khng phi l thi n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no l thi chng T-kheo v chng T-kheo-ni nn n gp Nh Lai, lc no khng phi l thi chng T-kheo v chng T-kheo-ni nn n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no l thi chng u-b-tc v chng u-b-di nn n gp Nh Lai, lc no khng phi l thi chng u-b-tc v chng u-b-di nn n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, D hc nn n gp Nh Lai, bit lc no cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, D hc khng nn n gp Nh Lai; bit lc no cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, D hc khng nn n gp Nh Lai; bit cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, D hc no c th bn lun vi Nh Lai; bit cc hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, D hc no khng th bn lun vi Nh Lai; bit thc n loi cng hay loi mm no

ny m Pht ch ra bn ch ng tm.

KINH TH GIA 280

c Nh Lai dng ri s an n, c li ch loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai dng ri s khng c an n, c li ch; thc n loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai dng ri s c bin ti thuyt php. Bit thc n loi cng hay loi mm no c Nh Lai dng ri s khng c bin ti thuyt php. Li na, ny A-nan, ngi tuy khng c tha tm tr, nhng c th kho bit trc c c Nh Lai s thuyt php cho ai khi Nh Lai ri tnh ta ng dy vo bui x, hm nay c Nh Lai s lm nh vy, s hin php lc tr nh vy, nhn xt ng li Ngi ni, chc tht khng th sai khc. By gi c Th Tn mun lm cho A-nan vui v, bo vi cc thy Tkheo y rng: V Chuyn lun Thnh vng c bn php v tng hu. 33 Nhng g l bn? l chng St-l n yt kin Chuyn lun vng, nu lc y im lng, h thy vy lin vui v, nu lc y c ni g, h nghe ri lin vui v. T-kheo A-nan cng ging nh vy, ngha l c bn php v tng hu. Nhng g l bn? l chng T-kheo [474c] khi n gp A-nan, nu lc y im lng, thy vy lin vui v, nu lc y c ni g, h nghe ri lin hoan h. Chng T-kheo-ni, chng u-b-tc, chng u-b-di, nu gp A-nan, gp lc im lng, thy vy lin hoan h, nu lc y c ni g, nghe ri lin hoan h. Li na, A-nan thuyt php cho i chng, c bn php v tng hu. Nhng g l bn? T-kheo A-nan thuyt php cho chng T-kheo bng ch tm, khng phi khng ch tm. Chng T-kheo kia cng ngh nh vy: Mong Tn gi A-nan thng thuyt php, khng dng li na chng. Chng T-kheo kia nghe Tn gi A-nan thuyt php, hon ton khng chn nn. Nhng T-kheo A-nan t nhin ngi im lng. T kheo A-nan thuyt php cho chng T-kheo-ni, chng u-b-tc, chng ub-di, bng ch tm, khng phi khng ch tm. Chng u-b-di y cng ngh nh vy: Mong Tn gi A-nan thng thuyt php, khng dng li na chng. Chng u-b-di kia nghe Tn gi A-nan thuyt php, hon

33

Xem No 1(2) kinh Du hnh, tr. 26a.

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281

ton khng chn nn. Nhng T-kheo A-nan t nhin ngi im lng.34 Li na, mt thi sau khi Th Tn Bt-nit-bn khng bao lu, Tn gi A-nan tr ti Kim cang35, tr thn Kim cang. By gi Tn gi A-nan thuyt php cho v lng trm ngn i chng vy quanh trc sau. By gi, Tn gi Kim Cang T36 cng ang trong i chng y. Tn gi Kim Cang T trong tm suy ngh nh vy: Tn gi A-nan ny vn cn l bc hu hc cha ly dc sao? Ta nn nh vy, v bng nh y m quan st tm ca Tn gi A-nan. Th ri Tn gi Kim Cang T nhp nh, v bng nh nh vy m quan st tm ca Tn gi A-nan. Tn gi Kim Cang T bit Tn gi A-nan vn cn l hu hc nn cha ly dc. By gi Tn gi ra khi tam mui, hng v Tn gi A-nan ni bi tng rng: Ni rng vng t duy, Khin tm tr Nit-bn, C-m Thin khng lon, S sm chng tch tnh.37 By gi Tn gi A-nan vng theo li ca Tn gi Kim Cang T, ri b ch ng m sng mt mnh, tinh tn, khng tn lon. Tn gi ri b ch ng, sng mt mnh, tinh tn, khng tn lon, t mc ch v m mt thin nam t co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o; ch v mc ch l thnh tu phm hnh v thng, ngay trong i hin ti, t tri t gic, t chng nghim, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh t, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm xong, khng cn [475a] ti sanh na. Tn gi A-nan bit php ri, cho n, chng c A-la-hn38. Tn gi Anan ni vy:
Cf. No.1(2) kinh Du Hnh. Kim cang , Pli c l l Vajj (tn dng h cng l tn nc; Hn: Btk) c c l Vajira (kim cang). 36 Kim Cang T, Pli, c l chnh xc l Vajjiputta (thay v Vajiraputta), s kin c cp trong Thag. k 119. Cf. T phn 54 (tr. 967a12): T kheo Bt-x T . 37 Bi k Pli, xem Thag. 119; T phn 54 (tr. 967a20). 38 Trong bn: A-la-ha .
35 34

KINH TH GIA 282

Ny Ch Hin, ti ngi trn ging, ng u cha ng gi, lin on tt c lu, chng tm gii thot. Tn gi A-nan ni nh th; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. Tn gi A-nan li ni: Ny Ch Hin, ti s ngi kit gi Bt-nit-bn. Tn gi A-nan lin ngi kit gi m Bt-nit-bn. Tn gi A-nan ngi kit gi m Bt-nitbn; l php v tng hu ca T-kheo A-nan. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht dy xong, hoan h phng hnh. q

34. KINH BC-CU-LA Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, sau khi Pht nhp Nit-bn khng bao lu, Tn gi Bc-cula 1 ang tr ti thnh Vng x, trong Trc lm vn Ca-lan-a. By gi c mt ngi d hc2, vn l bng hu thn thit vi Tn gi Bc-cu-la khi ngi cha xut gia, vo bui x, loanh quanh ri i n ch Tn gi Bc-cu-la, cho hi ri ngi sang mt bn. D hc ni rng: Hin gi Bc-cu-la, ti c iu mun hi; c th cho ti c hi chng? Tn gi Bc-cu-la tr li: Ny D hc, ty iu ng hi, ti nghe ri suy ngh. D hc hi: Hin gi Bc-cu-la, ngi theo hc trong Chnh php lut ny c bao lu? Tn gi Bc-cu-la tr li: Ny D hc, ti theo hc trong Chnh php lut ny n nay l tm mi nm. D hc hi rng: Hin gi Bc-cu-la, ngi theo hc trong Chnh php lut ny n nay l tm mi nm; Ngi nh c ln no ngi lm vic dm dc chng? Tn gi Bc-cu-la bo d hc rng: ng ng hi nh vy, m hy hi mt cch khc: Hin gi Bccu-la, ngi hc o trong Chnh php lut ny c tm mi nm, ngi nh c ln no khi ln dc tng 3 chng? ng nn hi nh
1

Bc-cu-la . Pli: Bakkula, Bkula, hay Vakkula; nguyn qun Kosambi, mt trong bn t c i thn thng (abhia). Ngi c coi l v t kh hnh, khng thuyt php. 2 D hc . Pli: acela-Kassapa, mt tu s la th tn l Kassapa. 3 Hn: dc tng . Pli: kmasa.

KINH BAC-CAU-LA 284

vy. By gi d hc lin ni nh vy: Ti nay li hi rng: Hin gi Bc-cu-la, ngi hc o trong Chnh php lut ny c tm mi nm, ngi nh c ln no khi ln dc tng chng? By gi Tn gi Bc-cu-la nhn ngi d hc hi nh vy, lin ni vi [475b] cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, ti hc o trong Chnh php lut ny n nay l tm mi nm, nu nhn khi cng cao, tng hon ton khng c. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti hc o trong Chnh php lut ny n nay l tm mi nm, cha tng khi dc tng. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti th tr y phn to4 n nay l tm mi nm. Nu ti nhn m khi tm cng cao, tng hon ton khng c. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti th tr y phn to n nay l tm mi nm; ti nh cha tng th y ca ngi c s5, cha tng ct may y, cha tng nh ngi khc may h y, cha tng dng kim khu y, cha tng dng kim khu ti, d l mt si ch. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la.

Phn to y . Pli: pasu, y may bng vi lm t cc ng rc. Bakkula tu hnh u-, ch mc y phn to (pasukulika). 5 Tc nhn vi t c s may y.

KINH BAC-CAU-LA

285

Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti kht thc n nay l tm mi nm; nu ti nhn m khi tm cng cao, tng hon ton khng c. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti kht thc n nay l tm mi nm; ti nh, cha h nhn li mi ca c s, cha h kht thc vt th t6, cha h kht thc ni cc nh ln nhn cc th n loi cng, loi mm7 rt di do, rt tinh khit v m v; cha h nhn ngm ngi n; cha h vo khu vc T-kheo-ni, cha h cng T-kheo-ni hi chuyn, cho n cng cha h ni chuyn gia ng. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti trong Chnh php lut ny hc o tm mi nm, cha h nui Sa-di, cha h thuyt php cho bch y; cho n cha h ni cho h ch bn cu tng. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti trong Chnh php lut ny hc o [475c] tm mi nm, cha h c bnh, cho n d ch nhc u trong khong bng ngn tay; cha h ung thuc, cho n d ch mt qu ha-l-lc8. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy:
6

Hn: siu vit kht thc . Theo php, kht thc phi i ln lt tng nh, bt lun giu hay ngho. 7 Hn: thc m hm tiu ; thc n cn phi nhai, v loi ch ngm cho tiu. 8 Ha-l-lc . Pli: hartaka, loi qu dng lam thuc (Terminalia citrina).

KINH BAC-CAU-LA 286

Ny Ch Hin, trong tm mi nm qua, khi ti ngi kit gi, cha tng da vo vch hay da vo cy. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, trong vng ba ngy ba m, ti chng c ba minh t9. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Li na, Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy: Ny Ch Hin, ti s ngi kit gi vo Nit-bn. Tn gi Bc-cu-la ni nh vy; l php v tng hu ca Tn gi Bccu-la. Tn gi Bc-cu-la thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo v ngi D hc sau khi nghe Tn gi Bc-cu-la thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Hn: tam t chng . Tc s chng c ba minh: tc mng minh, thin nhn minh v lu tn minh. Pli: tisso vijj: pubbenivsnussati-a-vijj, cutpapte-a-vijj, sav-khaya-a-vijj.

35. KINH A-TU-LA Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti T-lan-nh 1, trong vn Hong l2. By gi vua A-tu-la l B-la-la 3 con trai ca Mu-l-gi A-tu-la 4, sc tng uy nghi, nh sng chi rc, vo lc m gn sng, i n ch Pht, nh l di chn Th Tn ri ngi sang mt bn. c Th Tn hi rng: Ny B-la-la, phi chng trong i hi, A-tu-la khng b cc s suy thi ny, l tui th ca A-tu-la, sc tng ca A-tu-la, s hoan lc ca A-tula, sc mnh ca A-tu-la? Cc A-tu-la cng thch sng trong i hi chng? Vua A-tu-la l B-la-la con trai ca Mu-l-gi A-tu-la tr li rng: Bch Th Tn, cc A-tu-la ca con trong i hi khng b cc s suy thi ny, l tui th ca A-tu-la, sc tng ca A-tu-la, s hoan lc ca A-tu-la, sc mnh ca A-tu-la. Cc A-tu-la thch sng trong i hi. Th Tn li hi: Ny B-la-la, trong i hi c my php v tng hu, khin cho cc Atu-la thy vy nn thch sng trong y? B-la-la tr li rng: Trong i hi ca con c [476a] tm php v tng hu, khin cho cc Atu-la thy vy nn thch sng trong y. Nhng g l tm? Bch Th Tn, i hi ca con t y ln trn, chu vi dn dn rng hn, nghing chnh chch ln dn mi to thnh b bin. Nc trong y lun lun y, cha tng chy ra ngoi. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th nht trong i hi ca con: i hi ca con t y ln trn, chu vi

T-lan-nh . Pli: Veraj, tn mt th trn gn Svatthi. Hong l vin . Pli: Naerupucmaa, khu rng gn th trn Veraj, phn ln ton cy pucimanda, mt loi lao? (Adirachta Indica). 3 B-la-la A-tu-la vng . Pli: Pahrda-asurinda. 4 Mu-l-gi A-tu-la t , con trai ca A-tu-la Mu-l-gi(?); No.125(42.4) Mu--lun thin t .
2

KINH A-TU-LA 288

dn dn rng hn, nghing chnh chch ln dn mi to thnh b bin. Nc trong y lun lun y, cha tng chy ra ngoi. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, thy triu trong i hi ca con cha tng sai thi. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th hai trong i hi ca con: thy triu trong i hi ca con cha tng sai thi. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, nc trong i hi ca con rt su khng c y, rt rng khng thy b. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th ba trong i hi ca con: nc trong i hi ca con rt khng su c y, rt rng khng thy b. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, nc trong i hi ca con u cng mt v. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th t trong i hi ca con: nc trong i hi ca con cng mt v. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, trong i hi ca con c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Tn ca cc trn bo l vng, bc, thy tinh, lu ly, ma ni, trn chu, bch ngc, bch kha, loa bch, san h, h phch, m no, i mi, , tuyn chu. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th nm trong i hi ca con: trong i hi ca con c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Tn ca cc trn bo l vng, bc, thy tinh, lu ly, ma ni, trn chu, bch ngc, bch kha, loa bch, san h, h phch, m no, i mi, , tuyn chu. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, i hi l ch c tr ca cc v thn ln5. Nhng v thn tn l A-tu-la, Kin-tht-b6, La-st7, [476b] c knh8, ra, c su9, B-lu-n10, -ngh11, -ngh-gi-la12, --ngh-gi-la 13. Li
5

Pli: mahata bhtana vso, tr x ca cc sinh vt to ln. Kin-thp-ha . Pli: gandhabba. 7 La-st . Pli: Rakkha. 8 Ng ma-kit . Pli: makara, mt loi c voi. 9 ; mt loi c su. Pli: (?).
6

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na, trong i hi, rt k l, rt c bit, c chng sanh thn th ti mt trm do-tun, hai trm do-tun, cho n ba trm do-tun, by trm dotun m thn vn trong i hi. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th su trong i hi ca con: c nhng v thn c tr trong i hi ca con; nhng v thn tn l A-tu-la, Kin-tht-b, La-st, c knh, ra, c su, B-lu-n, -ngh, -ngh-gi-la, --ngh-gi-la. Li na, trong i hi, rt k l, rt c bit, c chng sanh thn th ti mt trm do-tun, hai trm do-tun, cho n ba trm do-tun, by trm do-tun m thn vn trong i hi. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, i hi ca con thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi. Nu c ngi no mng chung th qua mt m gi lin thi tp vo b. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th by trong i hi ca con: i hi ca con thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi. Nu c ngi no mng chung th qua mt m gi lin thi tp vo b. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Li na, bch Th Tn, trong i hi ca con thuc v chu Dim-ph c nm sng ln, l Hng-gi, Diu-vu-na, Xa-lao-ph, A-di-la-ba-, Ma-x14. Tt c u chy vo i hi. Chy vo ri, thy u b tn c, gi chung l i hi. Bch Th Tn, y l php v tng hu th tm trong i hi ca con: trong i hi ca con thuc v chu Dim-ph c nm sng ln, l Hng-gi, Diu-vu-na, Xa-lao-ph, A-di-la-ba-, Max. Tt c u chy vo i hi. Chy vo ri, thy u b tn c, gi chung l i hi. Cc A-tu-la thy vy bn thch sng trong . Bch Th Tn, l tm v tng hu trong i hi ca con. Cc A-tu-la
B-lu-n . Pli: (?). Skt. Vrua, ng vt sng trong nc, mt loi c. 11 -ngh . Pli: timi, mt loi c ln. 12 -ngh-gi-la . Pli: timigala, mt loi c ln c th nut c mt chic thuyn. 13 --ngh-gi-la . Pli: timiramigala, mt loi c ln c th nut c mt chic thuyn. 14 Hng-gi , Diu-vu-na , Xa-lao-ph , A-di-la-ba- , Ma-x . Pli, theo th t: Gag, Yamun, Sarabh, Aciravat, Mah.
10

KINH A-TU-LA 290

thy vy nn thch sng trong y. Bch Th Tn, trong Chnh php lut ca Th Tn c my php v tng hu, khin cho cc T-kheo thy c bn hoan lc trong ? Th Tn p: Ny B-la-la, trong Chnh php lut ca ta cng c tm php v tng hu, khin cho cc T-kheo thy c bn hoan lc trong . Nhng g l tm? Ny B-la-la, ging nh i hi, t y ln trn, chu vi dn dn rng hn, nghing chnh chch ln dn mi to thnh b bin. Nc trong y lun lun y, cha tng chy ra ngoi. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, dn dn thc hnh, dn dn hc tp, dn dn on tr v dn dn gio ha. Ny B-la-la, y l php v tng hu th nht trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : trong chnh php Ta dn dn thc hnh, dn dn hc, dn dn on tr v dn dn gio ha. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh thy triu trong i hi cha tng sai thi. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, nhng cm gii c thi thit cho T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, u-b-tc, [476c] ub-di; cc thin nam t y d cho n mng chung cng khng phm gii. Ny B-la-la, y l php v tng hu th hai trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : trong Chnh php lut ca Ta nhng cm gii c thi thit cho T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, u-b-tc, u-b-di; cc thin nam t y d cho n mng chung cng khng phm gii. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh nc trong i hi rt su khng y, rng khng thy b. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, cc php rt su khng y, rt rng khng thy b. Ny B-lala y l php v tng hu th ba trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : Chnh php lut ca Ta rt su khng c y, rt rng khng thy b. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh nc trong i hi cng mt v mn. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php ca ta cng ging nh vy, ch c mt v l v v dc, v gic, v tch tnh v v o. Ny B-la-la y l php v tng hu th t trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri

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thch sng trong : Chnh php lut ca Ta ch c mt v l v v dc, v gic, v tch tnh v v o. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh i hi c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Tn ca cc trn bo l vng, bc, thy tinh, lu ly, ma ni, trn chu, bch ngc, bch kha, loa bch, san h, h phch, m no, i mi, , tuyn chu. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Nhng php trn bo l: bn nim x, bn chnh cn, bn nh tc, nm cn, nm lc, by gic chi, Thnh o tm chi. Ny B-la-la y l php v tng hu nm hai trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : trong Chnh php lut ca Ta cng c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Nhng php trn bo l: bn nim x, bn chnh cn, bn nh tc, nm cn, nm lc, by gic chi, Thnh o tm chi. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh i hi l ch c tr ca cc v thn ln. Nhng v thn tn l A-tu-la, Kin-thp-ha, La-st, c knh, ra, c su, B-lu-n, -ngh, -ngh-gi-la, --ngh-gi-la. Li na, trong i hi, rt k l, rt c bit, c chng sanh thn th ti mt trm do-tun, [577a] hai trm do-tun, cho n ba trm do-tun, by trm dotun m thn vn trong trong i hi. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, c cc thn to ln, l Thnh chng, u c tr trong . Tn ca cc thn to ln l: A-la-hn, Hng A-la-hn, Ana-hm, Hng A-na-hm, T--hm, Hng T--hm, Tu--hon, Hng Tu--hon. Ny B-la-la y l php v tng hu th su trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, c cc thn to ln, l Thnh chng, u c tr trong . Tn ca cc thn to ln l: A-la-hn, Hng A-lahn, A-na-hm, Hng A-na-hm, T--hm, Hng T--hm, Tu-hon, Hng Tu--hon. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh i hi thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi, nu c ngi mng chung trong bin, th qua mt m, gi s thi tp vo b. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca ta cng ging nh vy, Thnh chng thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi. Nu c ngi no khng tinh

KINH A-TU-LA 292

tn, sanh ra iu c, phi phm hnh m xng l phm hnh, phi Sa-mn m xng l Sa-mn; ngi y d trong Thnh chng, nhng cch Thnh chng rt xa; Thnh chng cng li cch ngi y rt xa. Ny Bla-la y l php v tng hu th by trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : trong Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, Thnh chng thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi. Nu c ngi no khng tinh tn, sanh ra iu c, phi phm hnh m xng l phm hnh, phi Sa-mn m xng l Sa-mn; ngi y d trong Thnh chng, nhng cch Thnh chng rt xa; Thnh chng cng li cch ngi y rt xa. Li na, ny B-la-la, ging nh i hi thuc v chu Dim-ph c nm sng ln, l Hng-gi, Diu-vu-na, Xa-lao-ph, A-di-la-ba-, Max. Tt c u chy vo i hi. Ny B-la-la, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh th; thin nam t, thuc dng St-l, co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o; ngi y b tn c, c tn chung l Sa-mn. Thin nam t thuc dng B-la-mn, dng c s, dng th thuyn, co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o; ngi y b tn c, c tn chung l Sa-mn. Ny B-la-la, y l php v tng hu th tm trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri thch sng trong : trong Chnh php lut ca ta, thin nam t, thuc dng St-l, co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, [477b] xut gia hc o; ngi y b tn c, c tn chung l Sa-mn. Thin nam t thuc dng B-la-mn, dng c s, dng th thuyn, co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o; ngi y b tn c, c tn chung l Samn. Ny B-la-la, l tm php v tng hu trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, khin cho cc T-kheo thy ri a thch tr trong . Ny B-la-la, ng ngh th no? Trong Chnh php lut ca Ta c tm php v tng hu, trong i hi ca ng cng c tm php v tng hu; hai loi v tng hu y, loi no th Thng Lm hn? Vi diu, ti thng hn? B-la-la tha rng:

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Bch Th Tn, tm php v tng hu c trong i hi ca con khng bng tm php v tng hu ca Nh Lai; khng bng mt phn ngn, mt phn vn; khng th so snh, khng th v d, khng th m, khng th k, ch c tm php v tng hu ca Th Tn l cao hn c, l ti Thng Lm, l vi diu, l ti thng. Hm nay con xin t quy y Pht, quy y Php v Chng T-kheo; ci mong Th Tn chp nhn cho con lm u-b-tc; bt u t hm nay, con thn t quy y, cho n mng chung. c Pht thuyt nh vy. A-tu-la vng B-la-la v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.15 q

15

Bn Hn, ht quyn 8.

36. KINH A NG Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc Kim cang1, thnh Vit-a2. By gi ci t kia b chn ng mnh3. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . Lc , Tn gi A-nan thy ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . A-nan thy ri s hi, ton thn lng dng ng; i n ch Pht, ci u l di chn Pht, ng sang mt bn, [477c] ri tha rng: Bch Th Tn, hm nay ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . By gi, Th Tn bo A-nan rng: Tht vy, A-nan, nay t b chn ng mnh. Tht vy, A-nan, khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . A-nan bch rng: Th Tn, c my nguyn nhn ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp ? Th Tn p: Ny A-nan, c ba nguyn nhn khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . Nhng g l ba?
1

Kim cang . Pli: Vajir, khng thy a danh ny trong Pli. C l l Vajj. No.125(42-5), ti X-v. Bn Pli: ti Vesli. 2 Vit a . Pli, c l phin m ca Vajj (cng dch l Bt-k), tn chng tc, cng l tn Vng quc; nhng khng tm thy tn thnh tng ng. 3 Tham chiu, D.16, bin c xy ra ti Cpla, sau khi Th Tn chp thun li thnh cu ca Ma vng, Ngi x b th hnh. Tham chiu No.1(2), tr.15b v tt.

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Ny A-nan, ci t ny y ch trn nc; nc y ch trn gi; gi y vo h khng. A-nan, c khi trong h khng ni ln gi ln. Gi ni ln th nc b khuy ng. Nc b khuy ng th xy ra ng t. l nguyn nhn th nht khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . Li na, A-nan, T-kheo c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, tm t ti nh tc. V y khi ln tng nh i vi t, khi tng v lng tng i vi nc4. Do nguyn nhn y nn t ty theo s dc, ty theo tng ca v y m b xoy ri li xoy, chn ng ri li chn ng. V tri theo h v v T-kheo y cng li nh vy, c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, tm t ti nh tc. V y khi ln tng nh i vi t, khi tng v lng tng i vi nc. Do nguyn nhn y nn t ty theo s dc, ty theo tng ca v y m b xoy ri li xoy, chn ng ri li chn ng. l nguyn nhn th hai, khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . Li na, A-nan, cn khng y ba thng na, Nh Lai s nhp Nit-bn. Do c y khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . l nguyn nhn th ba khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . By gi, sau khi nghe xong, Tn gi A-nan bun ru khc lc, nc mt m a, chp tay hng v Pht m bch rng: Bch Th Tn, tht l k diu, tht l hy hu! c Nh Lai, V S Trc, [478a] ng Chnh Gic, thnh tu cng c, c nhiu php v tng hu. V sao th? V khng bao lu na, sau ba thng, Nh Lai s nhp Nit-bn; by gi khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh

C bn tng: tiu tng, i tng, v lng tng, v s hu tng (Tp d

6. tr.492 a).

KINH A ONG 297

ca, tng vch, tt c u sp . Th Tn ni vi Tn gi A-nan rng: Tht vy, A-nan! Tht vy, A-nan! Tht l k diu, tht l hy hu, c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, thnh tu cng c, c nhiu php v tng hu. V sao th? V khng bao lu na, sau ba thng, Nh Lai s nhp Nit-bn; by gi khin ci t b chn ng mnh. Khi ci t b chn ng mnh, bn mt gi ln ni ln, bn phng sao chi mc; nh ca, tng vch, tt c u sp 5. Li na, ny A-nan, Ta i n v lng trm ngn chng St-l, 6 cng m lun khin cho h hi lng. Sau khi cng ngi xung n nh, ging nh sc tng ca h, sc tng Ta cng vy; ging nh m thanh ca h, m thanh ca Ta cng nh vy; ging nh oai nghi l tit ca h, oai nghi l tit ca Ta cng nh vy. Nu h c hi v ngha g, Ta s tr li h v ngha y. Li na, Ta thuyt php cho h, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h cho h ri, Ta bin mt khi ni y. Khi Ta bin mt ri, h khng bit Ta l ai, l ngi hay phi nhn. Ny A-nan, nh vy tht l k diu, tht l hy hu, Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, thnh tu cng c, c c php v tng hu. Cng nh vy, i vi cc chng B-la-mn, Sa-mn v c s. Ny A-nan, Ta i n v lng trm ngn thin chng tri T vng, cng m lun khin cho h hi lng. Sau khi cng ngi xung n nh, ging nh sc tng ca h, sc tng Ta cng vy; ging nh m thanh ca h, m thanh ca Ta cng nh vy; ging nh oai nghi l tit ca h, oai nghi l tit ca Ta cng nh vy. Nu h c hi v ngha g, Ta s tr li h v ngha y. Li na, Ta thuyt php cho h, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h cho h ri, Ta bin mt khi ni y. Khi Ta bin mt ri, h khng bit Ta l ai, l ngi hay phi

Cc bn kia, c tm trng hp khin ng t, nh trn, v k thm lc Btt ging thn, lc B-tt n sanh, lc Nh Lai thnh o, lc Nh Lai chuyn php lun, lc Nh Lai x b th hnh v lc Nh Lai nhp Nit-bn. 6 Xem No 1(2) kinh Du hnh, tr. 16b.

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nhn. Ny A-nan, nh vy tht l k diu, tht l hy hu, Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, thnh tu cng c, c c php v tng hu. Cng vy, i vi thin chng Tam Thp Tam Thin, Dim-ma thin, u-sut- thin, Ha lc thin, Tha ha lc thin, Phm thn thin, Phm-ph-lu thin, Thiu quang thin, V lng quang thin, Hong dc thin, Thiu tnh thin, V lng tnh thin, Bin tnh thin, V qui ngi thin, Th phc thin, [478b] Qu tht thin, V phin thin, V nhit thin, Thin kin thin, v Thin hin thin7. Ny A-nan, Ta n ngi gia v lng trm ngn thin chng tri Sc cu cnh 8, cng m lun khin cho h hi lng. Sau khi cng ngi xung n nh, ging nh sc tng ca h, sc tng Ta cng vy; ging nh m thanh ca h, m thanh ca Ta cng nh vy; ging nh oai nghi l tit ca h, oai nghi l tit ca Ta cng nh vy. Nu h c hi v ngha g, Ta s tr li h v ngha y. Li na, Ta thuyt php cho h, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h cho h ri, Ta bin mt khi ni y. Khi Ta bin mt ri, h khng bit Ta l ai,
7

T vng thin (Pli: Catummahrjik dev), Tam Thp Tam Thin (Tvatis: ao-l), Dim-ma thin (Ym), u-sut- thin (Tusit), Ha lc thin (Nimmnarati), Tha ha lc thin (Paranimmitavasavatti), Phm thn thin (Brahmakyik: Phm chng), Phm-ph-lu thin (Brahmapuroht: Phm ph), Thiu quang thin (Parittbh), V lng quang thin (Appambh), Hong dc thin (bhassar: Cc quang / Quang m), Thiu tnh thin (Parittasubh), V lng tnh thin (Appamasubh), Bin tnh thin (Subhaki), V qui ngi thin (Pl.? Skt. Anabhrak: V vn thin), Th phc thin (Pl.? Skt. Puyaprasav: Phc sanh thin), Qu tht thin (Vehapphal: Quang qu thin), V phin thin (Avih), V nhit thin (Atapp), Thin kin thin (Sudass), v Thin hin thin (Sudass). Pli: Tm chng (aha paris), biu hin tm php vi tng hu ca c Nh Lai gia cc loi tri v loi ngi: St-l, B-la-mn, C s, Sa-mn, T thin vng, Tam Thp Tam Thin, chng Ma v Phm thin. 8 Sc cu cnh , cao nht tng th t ca Sc gii.

KINH A ONG 299

l ngi hay phi nhn. Ny A-nan, nh vy tht l k diu, tht l hy hu, Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, thnh tu cng c, c c php v tng hu. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

37. KINH CHIM-BA Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti Chim-ba, bn h Hng-gi1. By gi l ngy mi lm trong thng, l ngy Th Tn thuyt Bit gii thot2, tri ta ngi trc chng T-kheo. Khi c Th Tn ngi xong, lin nhp nh v bng tha tm tr Ngi quan st tm i chng. Khi quan st tm i chng ri, cho n lc ht bui u hm, Ngi vn ngi im lng. By gi c mt T-kheo3 t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai, sa y chp tay hng v c Pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, ht bui u hm, Pht v chng T-kheo tp trung ngi y lu, mong c Th Tn ni thuyt Bit gii thot. By gi, c Th Tn im lng khng tr li. Th ri, cho n phn gia m, c Th Tn vn ngi im lng. T-kheo kia li ln na, t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa y, chp tay hng v c Pht v tha rng: Bch Th Tn, bui u hm qua, phn gia m cng sp ht; Pht v chng T-kheo tp trung ngi y lu, mong c Th Tn ni thuyt Bit gii thot. c Th Tn li mt ln na khng tr li. Th ri, cho n phn cui m, c Th Tn vn ngi im lng. T-kheo kia li ln th ba t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa y, chp tay hng v c Th Tn m tha rng:
Chim-ba, Hng-gi tr , Pli: h sen Gaggar Camp. Ng Phn 28 tr.180c): Chim-ba quc, Hng thy bin. T Phn 36 (tr.824a): Chim-ba quc Gi-gi h trc. Nhng, A. Viii. 20: tr ti Svatthi, trong ging ng ca b Migramtu (Visakh), khu vn pha ng. 2 Trong bn Hn: nguyt thp ng nht thuyt tng gii thot . Ba-la--mc-xoa (Pimokkha), y dch l tng gii thot, ph thng dch l bit gii thot, ch cc loi gii m Pht ch cho cc chng t. Bn Pli: tena samayena... tadahuposathe, nhn ngy b-tt. 3 Cc bn Hn khc u ni Tn gi A-nan. A. Vii.20 cng vy.
1

KINH CHIEM-BA 302

Bch Th Tn, bui u hm qua, phn gia m cng chm dt, ri bui cui m cng sp ht, tri gn v sng, khng bao lu na, mt tri s mc; Pht v chng T-kheo tp trung ngi y qu lu, mong c Th Tn [478c] thuyt php Bit gii thot. By gi, c Th Tn bo v T-kheo kia rng: Trong chng ny c mt thy T-kheo lm vic bt tnh4. Lc Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin cng ang trong chng. Ri Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin lin suy ngh th ny: V T-kheo no m c Th Tn ni trong chng ny c mt thy T-kheo lm vic bt tnh? Ta nn nhp nh nh th5, nhn trong nh nh th, bng tha tm tr m quan st tm nim i chng. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin nhp nh nh th, nhn trong nh nh th, bng tha tm tr m quan st tm nim i chng. Tn gi i Mckin-lin lin bit v T-kheo m v v y c Th Tn ni trong chng ny c mt thy T-kheo lm vic bt tnh. Ri th, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin xut nh, i n trc v T-kheo y, nm tay ko i, m ca li ra bn ngoi m ni: Ny ngi ngu si, hy i xa i, ng sng y6, khng c tr li hi hp vi i chng T-kheo, t nay tr i ng khng phi l T-kheo na. Ngi ng ca, gi cht then li, ri tr v ch c Pht, ci u st ly chn Pht, ri ngi sang mt bn m tha rng: V T-kheo m v v y c Th Tn ni trong chng ny c mt Tkheo lm vic bt tnh; con ui v y i ri. Bch Th Tn, bui u hm qua, phn gia m cng chm dt, ri bui cui m cng
4

T Phn, dn: Gia mt i chng khng thanh tnh m mun c Nh

Lai yt-ma thuyt gii th khng c trng hp . Hn: nh k tng nh. xem cht.24, kinh s 33. 6 Hn: mc th tr . T Phn 28 d. tr.181a: nh xut kh, dit kh, mc th trung tr . Pli: natthi te bhikkhhi saddhi savso, ng khng cn sng chung vi cc T-kheo. Tham chiu cc bn, Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin trc xut T-kheo ny ra khi tng. Bn Pli: savso (sng chung, sinh hot chung), trong cc bn Hn: tr.
5

KINH CHIEM-BA

303

sp ht, tri gn v sng, khng bao lu na, mt tri s mc; Pht v chng T-kheo tp trung ngi y qu lu, mong c Th Tn thuyt php Bit gii thot7. c Th Tn ni: Ny i Mc-kin-lin, k ngu si s mc i ti nu gy phin nhiu cho c Th Tn v chng T-kheo. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, nu c Nh Lai gia chng bt tnh m thuyt Bit gii thot th u ngi kia s v thnh by mnh. Do , ny i Mc-kin-lin, t nay v sau cc thy hy thuyt Bit gii thot, c Nh Lai khng thuyt Bit gii thot na8. V sao nh th9? Ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh i hi, t y ln trn, chu vi dn dn rng hn, nghing chnh chch ln dn mi to thnh b bin. Nc trong y lun lun y, cha tng chy ra ngoi. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, dn dn thc hnh, dn dn hc tp, dn dn on tr v dn dn gio ha. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th nht trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: trong chnh php Ta dn dn thc hnh, dn dn hc, dn dn on tr v dn dn gio ha. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh thy triu trong i hi cha tng sai thi. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, nhng cm gii c thi thit cho T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, u-b-tc, u-b-di; cc thin nam t y [479a] d cho n mng chung cng khng phm gii. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th hai trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: trong Chnh php lut ca Ta nhng cm gii c thi thit cho T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, u-b-tc, ub-di; cc thin nam t y d cho n mng chung cng khng phm gii. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh nc trong i hi rt su khng y, rng khng thy b. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php lut
7

T Phn 36 (tr.824b): i chng thanh tnh, mong Th Tn thuyt gii. T Phn 36 (tr.824b): c Pht khin trch Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin, v thit lp mt trong by php Dit trnh l T ngn tr. 9 T y tr xung, tn thn s hy hu ca i hi nh kinh 35 trn.
8

KINH CHIEM-BA 304

ca Ta cng ging nh vy, cc php rt su khng y, rt rng khng thy b. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th ba trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: Chnh php lut ca Ta rt su khng c y, rt rng khng thy b. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh nc trong i hi cng mt v mn. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php ca Ta cng ging nh vy, ch c mt v l v v dc, v gic, v tch tnh v v o. Ny i Mckin-lin, y l php v tng hu th t trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: Chnh php lut ca Ta ch c mt v l v v dc, v gic, v tch tnh v v o. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh i hi c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Tn ca cc trn bo l vng, bc, thy tinh, lu ly, ma ni, trn chu, bch ngc, bch kha, loa bch, san h, h phch, m no, i mi, , tuyn chu. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Nhng php trn bo l: Bn nim x, bn chnh cn, bn nh tc, nm cn, nm lc, by gic chi, Thnh o tm chi. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th nm trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: trong Chnh php lut ca Ta cng c rt nhiu trn bo, v lng qu bu l mt; cc loi trn k c cha y trong . Nhng php trn bo l: Bn nim x, bn chnh cn, bn nh tc, nm cn, nm lc, by gic chi, Thnh o tm chi. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh i hi l ch c tr ca cc v thn ln. Nhng v thn tn l A-tu-la, Kin-thp-ha, La-st, c knh, ra, c su, B-lu-n, -ngh, -ngh-gi-la, --ngh-gi-la. Li na, trong i hi, rt k l, rt c bit, c chng sanh thn th ti mt trm do-tun, hai trm do-tun, cho n ba trm do-tun, by trm do-tun m thn vn trong trong i hi. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, [479b] c cc thn to ln, l Thnh chng, u c tr trong . Tn ca cc thn to ln l: A-lahn, Hng A-la-hn, A-na-hm, Hng A-na-hm, T-a-hm, Hng T-a-hm, Tu--hon, Hng Tu--hon. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th su trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: trong

KINH CHIEM-BA

305

Chnh php lut ca Ta, c cc thn to ln, l Thnh chng, u c tr trong . Tn ca cc thn to ln l: A-la-hn, Hng A-la-hn, A-nahm, Hng A-na-hm, T--hm, Hng T--hm, Tu--hon, Hng Tu--hon. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh i hi thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi, nu c ngi mng chung trong bin, th qua mt m, gi s thi tp vo b. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, Thnh chng thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi. Nu c ngi no khng tinh tn, sanh ra iu c, phi phm hnh m xng l phm hnh, phi Sa-mn m xng l Sa-mn; ngi y d trong Thnh chng, nhng cch Thnh chng rt xa; Thnh chng cng li cch ngi y rt xa. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th by trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: trong Chnh php lut ca Ta cng ging nh vy, Thnh chng thanh tnh khng dung cha t thi. Nu c ngi no khng tinh tn, sanh ra iu c, phi phm hnh m xng l phm hng, phi Sa-mn m xng l Sa-mn; ngi y d trong Thnh chng, nhng cch Thnh chng rt xa; Thnh chng cng li cch ngi y rt xa. Li na, ny i Mc-kin-lin, ging nh i hi thuc v chu Dimph c nm sng ln, l Hng-gi, Diu-vu-na, Xa-lao-ph, A-di-la-ba, Ma-x. Tt c u chy vo i hi. V trong i hi nc do rng tun t tri xung, git nc ln bng ci bnh xe. Tt nhin, nc y khng th khin cho i hi c tng c gim. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, trong Chnh php lut ca Ta cng li nh vy. Thin gia nam t thuc dng St-l, co b ru tc, khoc o c xa, ch tn, la b gia nh, xut gia hc o, bt ng tm gii thot10 c t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, bt ng tm gii thot trong Chnh php lut ca Ta khng tng khng gim. Cng nh vy, i vi thin gia nam t thuc dng B-la-mn, dng c s, dng th thuyn, co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, bt ng tm gii thot c t tc chng thnh tu an tr. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, bt ng tm gii thot trong Chnh php lut ca Ta
10

Bt di ng tm gii thot . Pli: akupp cetovimutti, s gii thot ca tm, khng cn dao ng.

KINH CHIEM-BA 306

khng tng khng gim. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, y l php v tng hu th tm trong Chnh php lut ca Ta: trong Chnh php lut ca Ta, [479c] thin gia nam t thuc gng St-l, co b ru tc, khoc o c xa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh xut gia hc o, bt ng tm gii thot, t tc chng, thnh tu an tr. Cng vy i vi vi tc tnh t thuc dng B-la-mn, c s, th thuyn, co b ru tc, khoc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, bt ng tm gii thot c t tc chng thnh tu v an tr. Ny i Mc-kin-lin, bt ng tm gii thot trong Chnh php lut ca Ta khng tng khng gim. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi i Mc-kin-lin v cc T-kheo, sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

38. KINH C-GI TRNG GI (I) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti T-x-li, trong i lm. By gi Trng gi c-gi1, ch c mt s ph n theo hu h v ng ang trc cc ph n y, t T-x-li ra i, n khong gia i lm v T-x-li2, ch hoan lc vi cc k n, nh v quc vng. Ri th, Trng gi c-gi, ung ru say ty ly, b cc ph n kia li , i vo trong i lm. ang lc Trng gi c-gi say ru ly ty, t ng xa trng thy c Th Tn gia rng cy, oan chnh p nh vng trng gia m sao, nh sng chi li rc r, nh sng nh ta ni vng, y tng tt, oai thn nguy nga, cc cn tch tnh, khng b ngn che, thnh tu s iu ng, tm vng lng tch mc. Trng gi thy c Pht ri, lp tc tnh ru. Sau khi tnh ru, Trng gi c-gi lin n ch c Pht, ci u nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn. By gi, c Th Tn thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, nh thng l ca ch Pht, trc ht ni v php theo thun t3 cho ngi nghe hoan h; tc l ni v th, v gii, ni php sanh thin, ch bai dc l tai hon, sanh t l cu u, khen ngi v dc l vi diu, o phm thanh tnh trong trng. Sau khi c Th Tn ni nhng php y cho ng ri, ngi bit ng
1

c-gi Trng gi . Pli: Ugga-gahapati. C hai v cng tn. V Trng gi Vesali (Pli: Ugga-gahapati Veslika), c tn thn trong kinh 39 sau. Theo ni dung, v Ugga (Pli: Ugga-gahapati Hatthigmaka) ca kinh ny ti lng Hatthigma, thuc x Vajji v l ngi thuc b tc Vajji. 2 Pli (A. iv. 213): Ti Ngavana, ni hng lc ca ng gn Hatthigama. 3 Hn: oan chnh php. Pli: anupubbikath; thnh c (A. iv. 213): tassa me
bhagav anupubbi katha kathesi, seyyathida - dnakatha slakatha saggakatha, kmana dnava okra sakilesa, nekkhamme nisasa paksesi, by gi Th Tn ni php thun t cho nghe, l ti v th, v

gii, v sanh thin, v s nguy him ca dc, s thp hn, s nhim ca dc, v ch li trong s xut ly i vi dc.

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (I) 308

c tm hoan h, tm c tc, tm nhu nhuyn, tm nhn ni, tm thng tn, tm chuyn nht, tm khng nghi, tm khng b che lp, c kh nng, c sc mnh, c th kham th Chnh php, by gi, nh php thng ca ch Pht, Ngi [480a] ni v php yu chn chnh4, c Th Tn thuyt cho ng nghe v Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Lc y Trng gi c-gi, ngay trn ch ngi, thy c bn Thnh : Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Cng nh vi trng d nhum thnh mu. Trng gi c-gi, cng ging nh vy, ngay ni ch ngi thy c bn Thnh , l Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Tc th, Trng gi c-gi thy php v c php, gic ng php bch tnh, on tr nghi, vt qua hoc, khng cn tn sng ai khc, khng cn theo ai khc, khng cn do d, tr ni qu chng, c v s y i vi gio php ca Th Tn, lin ri ch ngi ng dy, nh l v tha rng: Bch Th Tn, con nay t thn xin quy y Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo, ci mong c Th Tn chp nhn cho con lm u-b-tc; bt u t hm nay trn i, xin t quy y cho n mng chung. Bch Th Tn, t ngy hm nay, con xin theo c Th Tn, trn i ly phm hnh lm u5, th tr nm gii. Sau khi Trng gi c-gi xin theo c Th Tn, trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii, ci u nh l di chn Pht nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. ng lin tr v nh, triu tp cc ngi v6 li ni rng: Cc ngi bit khng? Ta theo c Th Tn trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii. Cc ngi nu cn mun c sng ni y th c th v lm vic b th to phc. Nu khng mun , ai v nh ny. Nu cc ngi mun c chng th ta s g chng cho.
4

Hn: ch Pht thuyt Chnh php yu . Pli: buddhna smukkasik dhammadesan ta paksesi, Ngi thuyt minh bng s thuyt php m ch Pht xng dng. 5 ng pht nguyn tuyt dc. Bn Hn: phm hnh vi th, th tr ng gii . Pli: brahmacariyapacamni ca sikkhpdni samdiyi, th tr nm hc x v phm hnh. 6 Hn: ch ph nhn . Pli: catasso komriyo pajpatiyo, bn ngi v tr.

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (I)

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By gi ngi v c tha Trng gi c-gi rng: Nu tn ng theo c Pht, trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii, th nn em ti g cho ngi n ng kia. Trng gi c-gi lin gi ngi n ng kia n, tay tri cm tay ngi v c, tay phi bng chu nc bng vng, bo ngi kia rng: Nay ti em ngi v c ny cho ng lm v. Ngi y nghe ri, lin v qu s hi, nn lng trong thn u dng ng, tha Trng gi c-gi rng: Tha Trng gi, ngi mun git ti chng? Ngi mun git ti chng? Trng gi tr li rng: Ti khng git ng u. V ti theo Pht trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii, do ti s em ngi v c ny cho ng lm v. Trng gi c-gi khi cho ngi v c ny v ngay trong khi , hon ton khng c lng hi tic. By gi, vi v lng trm ngn i chng vy quanh, c Th Tn trong tn thn khen ngi Trng gi c-gi rng Trng gi c-gi c tm php v tng hu. Ri th, c mt v T-kheo, khi m qua, vo lc hng sng, khoc y m bt, [480b] i n nh Trng gi c-gi. Trng gi c-gi t ng xa trng thy T-kheo i n, lin t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o, chp tay hng v T-kheo m tha rng: Knh cho Tn gi. Tn gi t lu khng n y. Mi ngi ni ging ny. By gi T-kheo ngi xung ging y. Trng gi c-gi nh l di chn T-kheo ri ngi sang mt bn. T-kheo bo rng: Ny Trng gi. ng c iu thin li, c cng c ln. V sao vy? c Th Tn, vi v lng trm ngn i chng vy quanh, trong tn thn khen ngi Trng gi c-gi rng Trng gi c-gi c tm php v tng hu. Ny trng gi, ng c nhng php g? Trng gi c-gi tr li T-kheo rng: c Th Tn khng h ni sai, nhng con khng bit c Th Tn v l g ni nh vy. Nhng mong Tn gi nghe cho, v nhng php g m con

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (I) 310

c. Mt thi Pht tr ti T-x-li, trong i lm. By gi con ch c mt s ph n theo hu h v ang trc cc ph n y, t T-x-li ra i. Con i n khong gia i lm v T-x-li, ch hoan lc vi cc k n, nh v quc vng. Ri th, tha Tn gi, con lc by gi ung ru say ly ty, b cc ph n kia li , t mnh i vo trong i lm. Tha Tn gi, con ang lc say ru ly ty, t ng xa trng thy c Th Tn gia rng cy, oan chnh p nh vng trng gia m sao, nh sng chi li rc r, nh sng nh ta ni vng, y tng tt, oai thn nguy nga, cc cn tch tnh, khng b ngn che, thnh tu s iu ng, tm vng lng tch mc. Con thy c Pht ri, lp tc tnh ru. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, sau khi tnh ru, con lin n ch c Pht, ci u nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn. By gi c Th Tn thuyt php cho con, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho con, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, nh thng l ca ch Pht, trc ht ni v php thun t cho ngi nghe hoan h; tc l ni v th, v gii, ni php sanh thin, ch bai dc l tai hon, sanh t l cu u, khen ngi v dc l vi diu, o phm thanh tnh trong trng. Sau khi c Th Tn ni nhng php y cho con ri, Pht bit con c tm hoan h, tm c tc, tm nhu nhuyn, tm nhn ni, tm thng tn, tm chuyn nht, tm khng nghi, tm khng b che lp, c kh nng, c sc mnh, c th kham th Chnh php, ri nh thng l ca ch Pht, ngi ni v php yu chn chnh, c Th Tn thuyt cho con nghe v Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Lc y con, ngay trn ch ngi, thy c bn Thnh , l Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Cng nh vi trng d nhum thnh mu, con cng ging nh vy, ngay ni ch ngi thy c bn Thnh , [480c] l Kh, Tp, Dit, o. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu.

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Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, con thy php, gic ng php, c php bch tnh, on tr nghi, vt qua hoc, khng cn tn sng ngi khc, khng cn theo ngi khc, khng cn do d, tr ni qu chng, c v s y i vi gio php ca c Th Tn. Bch Tn gi, lc y, con lin t ch ngi ng dy, ci u nh l di chn Pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, hm nay con t thn xin quy y Pht, quy y Php v Chng T-kheo, mong c Th Tn nhn con l u-b-tc, bt u t hm nay cho n trn i, xin t thn quy y cho n khi mng chung. Bch Th Tn, t nay con xin theo c Th Tn trn i, ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii. Bch Tn gi, t khi con theo c Th Tn, trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii, cha tng bit mnh phm gii. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, by gi sau khi con theo c Th Tn, trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii ri, ci u nhiu quanh Pht ba vng ri ra v. Tr v nh, con lin tp trung cc ph n, ri ni rng: Cc ngi bit khng? Ta theo c Th Tn trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii. Cc ngi nu cn mun c sng ni y th c th v lm vic b th to phc. Nu khng mun , ai v nh ny. Nu cc ngi mun c chng th ta s g chng cho. By gi ngi v c tha vi con rng: Nu tn ng theo c Pht, trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii, th nn em ti g cho ngi n ng kia. Con by gi gi ngi n ng kia n, tay tri cm tay ngi v c, tay phi bng chu nc bng vng, bo ngi kia rng: Nay ti em ngi v c ny cho ng lm v. Ngi y nghe ri, lin v qu s hi, nn lng trong thn u dng ng, tha vi con rng: Tha Trng gi, ngi mun git ti chng? Ngi mun git ti chng?

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (I) 312

Con ni vi ngi y rng: Ti khng git ng u. V ti theo Pht trn i ly phm hnh lm u, th tr nm gii, do ta s em ngi v c ny cho ng lm v. Tha Tn gi, [481a] con cho ngi v c ny, v ngay trong khi cho hon ton khng c lng hi tic. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, khi con n chng vin7, nu trc ht m gp mt v T-kheo no, con lin nh l. Nu v T-kheo y kinh hnh, th con cng kinh hnh. Nu v y ngi, con cng ngi theo mt bn, ngi ri nghe php. V Tn gi y thuyt php cho con nghe; con cng thuyt php cho v Tn gi y nghe. V Tn gi y vn s con, con cng vn s v Tn gi y. V Tn gi y tr li cu hi ca con, con cng tr li v Tn gi y. Con nh cha tng c ln no con khinh mn cc v T-kheo Thng tn Trng lo, trung hay h. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, khi con gia chng T-kheo, hnh s b th, by gi c Ch Thin tr gia h khng bo con rng: Ny Trng gi, y l v A-lahn, y l v Hng A-la-hn, y l v A-na-hm, y l v Hng Ana-hm, y l v T--hm, y l v Hng T--hm, y l v Tu-hon, y l v Hng Tu--hon. V ny tinh tn, v ny khng tinh tn. Bch Tn gi, khi con cng th cho i chng T-kheo, con nh cha tng c phn bit. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch
7

Hn: chng vin . Pli: saghrama (Tng gi-lam), cng vin hay tnh vin ca Tng.

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Tn gi, khi con hnh s b th trong chng T-kheo, c Ch Thin trn h khng bo con rng: Ny Trng gi, c c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Php c Th Tn kho thuyt, v Thnh chng ca Nh Lai kho th hng. Bch Tn gi, con khng do vi tri kia m c tn, khng do v tri kia m dc lc, khng nghe theo v kia, nhng con t c tnh tr bit c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Php c Th Tn kho thuyt, v Thnh chng ca Nh Lai kho th hng. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, c Pht c ni v nm h phn kt, tc tham dc, sn nhu, thn kin, gii th, v nghi. Con thy nm kt s y, hon ton khng c mt kit s no cn tri buc con thc sanh vo bo thai, tr li th gian ny. Bch Tn gi con c php y. Thy T-kheo khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Trng gi lin tha vi [481b] thy T-kheo rng: Mong Tn gi li y th thc. T-kheo im lng nhn li. Sau khi bit T-kheo im lng nhn li, Trng gi c-gi lin t ch ngi ng dy, t mnh mc nc ra tay, ri em tt c rt nhiu mn n cng v mm rt m, diu tinh khit, ngon lnh, t tay hu st, cho T-kheo n c no . n xong, dn ct c v dng nc ri, ly mt ging nh ngi ring nghe php. Thy T-kheo thuyt php cho Trng gi, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, T-kheo lin t ch ngi ng dy m i. i n ch Pht, ci u nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn, ri em trnh by y li cuc tho lun gia thy v Trng gi c-gi ln c Pht. By gi c Th Tn bo cc thy T-kheo rng: Ta v l y m khen ngi tn thn Trng gi c-gi c tm php v tng hu.

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (I) 314

Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

39. KINH C-GI TRNG GI (II) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi sau khi Pht nhp Nit-bn khng bao lu, c mt s ng Tkheo Thng tn Trng lo tr ti T-x-li, bn dng sng Di hu, ti ngi lu cao. By gi Trng gi c-gi1 t chc i b th nh sau: i n cho nhng khch t phng xa n, i n cho cc hnh khch, cc bnh nhn v cc ngi nui bnh; thng dn cho, thng dn cm, cung cp cho ngi trng nom Tng vin; thng mi i chng gm hai mi v Tkheo n th thc, c mi nm ngy u c mi chng T-kheo n n. ng t chc i b th nh vy. Trn bin li cn c mt chic tu bum ln ch y hng ha tr v, gi tr n trm ngn, va b chm mt. S ng T-kheo Thng tn Trng lo nghe Trng gi c-gi t chc i b th nh sau: i n cho nhng khch t phng xa n, i n cho cc hnh khch, cc bnh nhn v cc ngi nui bnh; thng dn cho, thng dn cm, cung cp cho ngi trng nom tng vin; thng mi i chng gm hai mi v T-kheo n th thc, c mi nm ngy u c mi chng T-kheo n n. Cc v y nghe ri bn lun vi nhau rng: Ny Ch Hin, v no c th n ni vi vi Trng gi c-gi rng: Ny Trng gi, nn thi, ch b th na. Sau ny Trng gi s t bit? Ri cc v y ngh nh vy: Tn gi A-nan l th gi ca Pht, nhn c s ch gio ca c Th Tn; c Pht v cc v ng phm hnh c tr khen ngi. Tn gi A-nan c th n ni vi Trng gi c-gi rng: [481c]Ny Trng gi, nn thi, ch b th na. Sau ny Trng gi s t bit. Ny Ch Hin, chng ta nn cng nhau n Tn gi A-nan trnh by s vic nh th. By gi s ng T-kheo Thng tn Trng lo i
1

Khng thy Pali tng wong. y c l Ugga-gahapi Veslika, gia ch Ugga, ngi Vesli.

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (II) 316

n ch Tn gi A-nan, cng nhau cho hi, ri ngi sang mt bn tha rng: Tha Hin gi A-nan, ngi c bit khng? Trng gi c-gi t chc i b th nh sau: i n cho nhng khch t phng xa n, i n cho cc hnh khch, cc bnh nhn v cc ngi nui bnh; thng dn cho, thng dn cm, cung cp cho ngi trng nom Tng vin; thng mi i chng gm hai mi v T-kheo n th thc, c mi nm ngy u c mi chng T-kheo n n. ng t chc i b th nh vy. Trn bin li cn c mt chic tu bum ln ch y hng ha tr v, gi tr n trm ngn, va b chm mt. Chng ti cng bn lun vi nhau nh th ny: v no c th n ni vi vi Trng gi c-gi rng Ny Trng gi, nn thi, ch b th na. Sau ny Trng gi s t bit? Li ngh nh vy: Tn gi A-nan l th gi ca Pht, nhn c s ch gio ca c Th Tn; c Pht v cc v ng phm hnh c tr khen ngi. Tn gi A-nan c th n ni vi Trng gi c-gi rng Ny Trng gi, nn thi, ch b th na. Sau ny Trng gi s t bit. Ny Hin gi Anan, ngi c th n bo vi Trng gi c-gi rng Ny Trng gi, nn thi, ch b th na. Sau ny Trng gi s t bit Trng gi. Tn gi A-nan tha vi cc T-kheo thng tn trng lo rng: Tha cc Tn gi, Trng gi c-gi tnh tnh nghim ngh; nu ti t tin ni th bit u lm Trng gi khng vui. Tha cc ngi, ti i din cho ai ni y? Cc T-kheo thng tn trng lo tr li rng: Hin gi nn xng l chng T-kheo bo nh vy. Sau khi ngi xng l chng T-kheo bo vy, ng y s khng cn ni g na. Tn gi A-nan lin im lng nhn li cc v T-kheo thng tn trng lo. By gi cc T-kheo thng tn trng lo bit Tn gi A-nan im lng nhn li ri, lin t ch ngi ng dy i quanh Tn gi A-nan ri ai v ch y. Sau khi m qua vo lc hng sng, Tn gi A-nan khoc y, cm bt i n nh Trng gi c-gi. Trng gi c-gi thy Tn gi A-nan t xa i li, lin t ch ngi ng dy, trch vai sa o chp tay hng v Tn gi A-nan tha rng: Knh cho Tn gi A-nan, Tn gi t lu khng n y. Mi ngi ln ging ny.

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Tn gi A-nan lin ngi ln ging y. Trng gi c-gi nh l di chn Tn gi A-nan, ri ngi sang mt bn. Tn gi A-nan bo rng: Trng gi c bit khng? Trng gi t chc i b th nh sau: [482a] i n cho nhng khch t phng xa n, i n cho cc hnh khch, cc bnh nhn v cc ngi nui bnh; thng dn cho, thng dn cm, cung cp cho ngi trng nom tng vin; thng mi i chng gm hai mi v T-kheo n th thc, c mi nm ngy u c mi chng T-kheo n n. Trng gi t chc i b th nh vy. Trn bin li cn c mt chic tu bum ln ch y hng ha tr v, gi tr n trm ngn, va b chm mt. Ny Trng gi, nn thi, ch b th na. Sau ny Trng gi s t bit. Trng gi tha rng: Bch Tn gi A-nan, y l li ni ca ai vy? Tn gi A-nan p rng: Ny Trng gi, ti truyn li li ca Chng T-kheo. Trng gi tha rng: Nu Tn gi A-nan truyn li li ca chng T-kheo, th khng c g phi lun. Cn nu t mnh ni nh vy th c th lm cho con rt khng c va lng. Bch Tn gi A-nan, nu con c th x nh th, c hu th nh th, d tt c ti vt u kh cn, cng ch lm cho con mn nguyn thi. Ging nh nguyn ca Chuyn lun vng vy. Tn gi A-nan hi rng: Ny Trng gi, th no l nguyn ca Chuyn lun vng? Trng gi p: Bch Tn gi A-nan, ngi ngho trong thn ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta tr nn giu nht trong thn. l nguyn ca ngi y. Ngi giu trong thn ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta tr nn giu nht trong p. l nguyn ca ngi . Ngi giu trong p suy ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta giu nht trong thnh. l nguyn ca ngi y. Ngi giu trong thnh ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta lm c chc tng chnh trong thnh. l nguyn ca ngi y. V tng chnh trong thnh ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta lm c quan quc tng. l nguyn ca ngi y. Quan quc tng suy ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta lm

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (II) 318

c v tiu vng. l nguyn ca ngi y. V tiu vng suy ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta lm c Chuyn lun vng. l nguyn ca ngi y. V Chuyn lun vng suy ngh nh vy: Mong sao ta lm c iu m mt thin nam t c th lm, co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o thnh tu phm hnh v thng, t tri, t gic, t tc chng, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. l nguyn Chuyn lun vng. Bch Tn gi A-nan, nu con c th x nh th, c hu th nh th, d cho tt c ti vt u kh cn, cng ch lm cho con mn nguyn thi, nh th l nguyn ca v Chuyn lun vng. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con c php y. Tn gi A-nan khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi A-nan, khi con n chng vin, nu trc ht m gp mt v Tkheo no, con lin nh l. [482b] Nu v T-kheo y kinh hnh, th con cng kinh hnh. Nu v y ngi, con cng ngi theo mt bn, ngi ri nghe php. V Tn gi y thuyt php cho con nghe; con cng thuyt php cho v Tn gi y nghe. V Tn gi y vn s con, con cng vn s v Tn gi y. V Tn gi y tr li cu hi ca con, con cng tr li v Tn gi y. Con nh cha tng c ln no con khinh mn cc v T-kheo Thng tn Trng lo, trung hay h. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con c php y. Tn gi A-nan khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi A-nan, khi con gia chng T-kheo, hnh s b th, by gi c Ch Thin tr gia h khng bo con rng: Ny Trng gi, y l v A-la-hn, y l v Hng A-la-hn, y l v A-na-hm, y l v Hng A-na-hm, y l v T--hm, y l v Hng T--hm, y l v Tu--hon, y l v Hng Tu--hon. V ny tinh tn, v ny khng tinh tn. Bch Tn gi, khi con cng th cho i chng T-kheo,

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con nh cha tng c phn bit. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con c php y. Tn gi A-nan khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi, khi con hnh s b th trong chng T-kheo, c Ch Thin trn h khng bo con rng: Ny Trng gi, c c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Php c Th Tn kho thuyt, v Thnh chng ca Nh Lai kho th hng. Bch Tn gi, con khng do vi tri kia m c tn, khng do v tri kia m dc lc, khng nghe theo v kia, nhng con t c tnh tr bit c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Php c Th Tn kho thuyt, v Thnh chng ca Nh Lai kho th hng. Bch Tn gi, con c php y. Tn gi A-nan khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con khng phi ch c php ny m thi. Li na, bch Tn gi A-nan, con ly dc, ly c bt thin php, v.v..., cho n, thnh tu v an tr. Bch Tn gi A-nan, con c php y. Tn gi A-nan khen rng: Ny Trng gi, nu ng c php y th tht l k diu, tht l hy hu. Ri th, Trng gi c-gi lin tha vi Tn gi A-nan rng: Tn gi A-nan, mi li y th thc. Tn gi A-nan im lng nhn li mi ca Trng gi c-gi. Sau khi bit Tn gi A-nan im lng nhn li, Trng gi c-gi lin t ch ngi ng dy, t mnh mc nc ra tay, ri em tt c rt nhiu mn n cng v mm rt m diu tinh khit, ngon lnh, [482c] t tay hu st, cho Tn gi n c no . n xong, dn ct c v dng nc ri, ly mt ging nh ngi ring nghe php. Tn gi A-nan thuyt php cho Trng gi, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, Tn gi lin t ch ngi ng dy m i. Tn gi A-nan thuyt php nh vy. Trng gi c-gi sau khi nghe Tn gi A-nan thuyt php, hoan h phng hnh.

KINH UC-GIA TRNG GIA (II) 320

40. KINH TH TRNG GI (I) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti A-la-b Gi-la1, trong Ha lm. By gi Th Trng gi2, cng vi nm trm i trng gi i n ch Pht, ci u nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn. Nm trm Trng gi cng ci u nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn. c Th Tn bo rng: Ny Th Trng gi, nay ng c mt chng rt ng ny. Trng gi, ng dng phng php g nhip h3 i chng ny? By gi Th Trng gi tha rng: Bch Th Tn, c bn nhip s 4, nh c Th Tn dy. Mt l hu th, hai l i ngn, ba l li hnh, bn l ng s5. Bch Th Tn, con dng bn phng php y nhip h i chng ny, hoc l bng b th, hoc l bng i ngn, hoc l bng li hnh, hoc l bng ng s. c Th Tn khen rng: Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Ny Th Trng gi, ng c th bng nh php y m nhip h i chng, li bng nh mn y m nhip h i chng, li bng nh nhn duyn m nhip ha i chng6. Ny Th Trng gi, nu trong qu kh c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no, bng nh php m nhip
A-la-t Gi-la . Pli: tr avi, trong miu Aggaava. Aggaava l mt ngi miu ti avi, Pht thng dng chn ti y, v cng ti y Pht thit lp mt s iu khon trong gii bn T-kheo. avi l mt th trn cch Svatthi 30 do-tun. 2 Th Trng gi . Pli: Hattaka, cng gi l avaka, con trai ca vua x avi. 3 Hn: nhip. Pl.: sagahti: nhip th, nhip h, i h. 4 T s nhip . Pli: cattri sagahavatthni: dna, peyyavajja, atthacariy, samnattat. 5 Hu th, i ngn, d li, ng li . Xem Tp d 9 (No 1536, tr.402c): b th, i ng, li hnh, ng s. 6 Hn: nh php, nh mn, nh nhn duyn .
1

KINH THU TRNG GIA (I) 322

h i chng, tt c nhng s nhip h y u hon ton7 trong bn s nhip ny. Ny Th Trng gi, nu trong v lai c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no bng nh php nhip ha i chng, tt c nhng s nhip ha y hon ton trong bn s nhip ny. Ny Th Trng Gi, nu trong hin ti c Sa-mn, B-la-mn no bng nh php nhip ha i chng, tt c nhng php y u hon ton trong bn s nhip ny. By gi c Th Tn thuyt php cho Th Trng gi, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, Ngi ngi im lng. By gi, sau khi c c Th Tn thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, Th Trng gi lin t ch ngi ng dy, nh l c Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, [483a] khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. By gi Ch Thin ci Tam Thp Tam Thin tp trung ti php ng xut xoa khen ngi Th Trng gi. Ny Ch Hin, Th Trng gi c i thin li, i cng c. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, Th Trng gi y, sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng
7

Hn: hoc hu d .

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gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. By gi, T-sa-mn i thin vng, sc tng nguy nga, nh sng rc r, lc m gn v sng, i n nh Th Trng gi, ni rng: Ny Trng gi, ng c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao th? Hm nay ci Tam Thp Tam Thin v Trng gi m tp trung ti php ng xut xoa khen ngi: Th Trng gi y c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, v Th Trng gi y, sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, [483b] nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. By gi Th Trng gi im lng khng ni g c; khng ngm, khng nhn T-sa-mn i thin vng. V sao th? V tn trng nh tm v th h nh tm ca mnh. By gi c Th Tn gia v lng trm nghn i chng, khen ngi Th Trng gi:

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Th Trng gi c by php v tng hu. Sau khi Ta thuyt php cho Th Trng gi y, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Ta, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. Hm nay Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin v Trng gi y m tp trung php ng khen ngi: Th Trng gi c i thin li, i cng c. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, Th Trng gi y, sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi dng dy nh l Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, [483c]bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. Hm nay T-sa-mn i thin vng, sc tng nguy nga, nh sng rc r, lc m gn v sng, i n nh Th Trng gi, ni: Ny Trng gi, ng c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao th? Hm nay ci Tam Thp Tam Thin v Trng gi m tp trung ti php ng xut xoa khen ngi: Th Trng gi y c i thin li, c i

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cng c. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, v Th Trng gi y, sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. By gi c mt T-kheo, sau khi m qua, vo lc sng sm, khoc y m bt n nh Th Trng gi. Th Trng gi t xa trng thy Tkheo, lin t ch ngi ng dy, chp tay hng v thy T-kheo m tha: Knh cho Tn gi! Tn gi lu khng n y. Mi ngi trn ging ny. Lc T-kheo lin ngi trn ging . Th Trng gi nh l di chn T-kheo, ri ngi sang mt bn. T-kheo ni: Ny Trng gi, ng c i thin li, i cng c. V sao th? c Th Tn v ng gia v lng trm ngn i chng m khen ngi Th Trng gi: Th Trng gi c by php v tng hu. Sau khi Ta thuyt php cho Th Trng gi y, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Ta, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u [484a] thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v

KINH THU TRNG GIA (I) 326

lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. Hm nay Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin v Trng gi y m tp trung php ng khen ngi: Th Trng gi c i thin li, i cng c. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, Th Trng gi y, sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khuyn gio, khch l, lm cho cho hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. Hm nay T-sa-mn i thin vng, sc tng nguy nga, nh sng rc r, lc m gn v sng, i n nh Th Trng gi, ni: Ny Trng gi, ng c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao th? Hm nay ci Tam Thp Tam Thin v Trng gi m tp trung ti php ng xut xoa khen ngi: Th Trng gi y c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao th? Ny Ch Hin, v Th Trng gi y, sau khi c c Pht thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, ng lin t ch ngi ng dy nh l Pht, nhiu quanh ba vng ri ra i. Tr v nh, khi t cng ngoi, nu c gp ngi no, ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Khi n trong cng ng gia, cng nh trong nh v n bn trong nh, nu gp ngi no ng u thuyt php cho, khuyn pht, kht ngng, [484b] thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi vo nh, tri ging, ngi kit gi, tm cu hu vi t, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, thng h, bin khp tt c, tm cu hu vi t, khng

KINH THU TRNG GIA (I)

327

kt, khng nhu, khng on, khng trnh, rng ln bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn tt c th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Cng vy, vi bi v h; tm cu hu vi x, khng kt, khng on, khng nhu, khng trnh, rng ln bao la, kho tu tp bin mn tt c th gian thnh tu v an tr. By gi Th Trng gi im lng khng ni g c, khng ngm, khng nhn T-sa-mn i thin vng. V sao th? V tn trng nh tm v th h ng tm ca mnh. By gi Th Trng gi tha vi thy T-kheo rng: Bch Tn gi lc by gi khng c ngi bch y no chng? T-kheo p: Khng c ngi bch y no. V hi li: Nu c ngi bch y th s c sai lm g? Trng gi p: Bch Tn gi, hoc c ngi khng tin li ca c Th Tn; ngi y s y s trong lu di khng c li ch, khng c an n8, sanh vo ch cc c, th v lng kh. Nu k no tin li c Th Tn ngi y do vic s cung knh l bi con. Bch Tn gi, con cng khng thch c nh vy. Bch Tn gi, mi li y th thc. T-kheo y im lng nhn li. Sau khi bit T-kheo im lng nhn li, Trng gi c-gi lin t ch ngi ng dy, t mnh mc nc ra tay, ri em tt c rt nhiu mn n cng v mm rt m diu tinh khit, ngon lnh, t tay hu st, cho T-kheo n c no . n xong, dn ct c v dng nc ri, ly mt ging nh ngi ring nghe php. Thy T-kheo thuyt php cho Trng gi, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h ri, T-kheo lin t ch ngi ng dy m i. i n ch Pht, ci u nh l di chn Pht ri ngi sang mt bn, ri em trnh by y li cuc tho lun
Hn: bt ngha, bt nhn . C l t (na) artha: ngha, hoc li ch, mc ch; v Hn ln ln gia hai t: kam: kham nhn, nhn nhc, v kema: an n
8

KINH THU TRNG GIA (I) 328

gia thy v Th Trng gi ln c Pht. By gi c Th Tn bo cc thy T-kheo rng: Ta v c y m khen Th Trng gi c by php v tng hu. Li na, Th Trng gi c php v tng hu th tm l Th Trng gi v cu, v dc. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

41. KINH TH TRNG GI (II) [484c]Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti A-la-t Gi-la, trong Ha lm. By gi c Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Th Trng gi c tm php v tng hu. Nhng g l tm? Th Trng gi c thiu dc, c tn, c tm, c qu, c tinh tn, c nim, c nh, c tu. 1 Ni Th Trng gi c thiu dc, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi t thn thiu dc, khng mun cho ngi khc bit mnh c thiu dc. C tn, c tm, c qu, c tinh tn, c nim, c tu Th Trng gi t c tu, khng mun cho ngi khc bit mnh c tu. Ni Th Trng gi c thiu dc, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c tn, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi c lng tin kin c, tin tng thm su ni Nh Lai, tn cn xc lp, hon ton khng theo Sa-mn, B-la-mn, Ngoi o, hoc Thin, Ma, Phm v tt c nhng ngi khc trong th gian. Ni Th Trng gi c tn, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c tm, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi thng hnh xu h, iu g ng xu h th bit xu h, xu h i vi php c bt thin, phin no cu u a n th cc c bo, to gc sanh t. Ni Th Trng gi c tm, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c qu, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi thng thc hnh s h thn, iu no ng thn th bit thn, thn cc php c bt thin v phin no cu u a n th cc c bo, to gc sanh t. Ni Th Trng gi c qu, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c tinh tn, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi thng thc hnh s tinh tn, tr c v bt thin, tu cc thin php, luuun lun t kch l ch, chuyn nht v kin c, to gc r thin, khng h t b
1

Pli, A.iv. 220, tm iu hy hu (ahahi acchariyehi abbhutehi dhammehi) ca Ugga avika: c tn (saddho), c gii (slav), c tm (hirm), c qu (ottapp), a vn (bahussuto), th x (cgav), tu (paav), v th tm l thiu dc (appiccho).

332KINH A ONG s tinh cn2. Ni Th Trng gi c tinh tn, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c nim, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi qun ni thn nh thn, qun ni gic, ni tm, ni php nh php 3. Ni Th Trng gi c nim, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c nh, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi ly dc, ly c bt thin php, cho n chng c T thin, thnh tu v an tr. Ni Th Trng gi c nh, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c tu, l do nhn g? Th Trng gi tu hnh tr tu, qun st s hng thnh v suy tn ca cc php; t c tr tu nh vy, bng Thnh tu minh t, phn bit r rng4 m hon ton thot kh. Ni Th Trng gi c tu, l nhn m ni. Ni Th Trng gi c tm php v tng hu, l nhn m ni. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.5 q

Hn: bt x phng tin . Qun bn nim x. 4 Thnh tu minh t phn bit hiu liu , tc Thnh quyt trch. Pli: ariya-nibbedha, nng lc thm st, quyt trch sc bn ca Thnh. 5 Bn Hn, ht quyn 9.
3

PHM 5: TNG NG TP TNG NGY TH NHT

K tm tt: H ngha, Bt t, Nim, hai Tm, Hai Gii, hai Knh v Bn t Hai Thc, Tn tr, thuyt Nit-bn, Di-h, Tc v T kheo thuyt
42. KINH H NGHA 43. KINH BT T 44. KINH NIM 45. KINH TM QU (I) 46. KINH TM QU (II) 47. KINH GII (I) 48. KINH GII (II) 49. KINH CUNG KNH (I) 50. KINH CUNG KNH (II) 51. KINH BN T 52. KINH THC (I) 53. KINH THC (II) 54. KINH TN TR 55. KINH NIT-BN 56. KINH DI-H 57. KINH TC V T-KHEO THUYT

42. KINH H NGHA [485a13]Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi vo lc x chiu, Tn gi A-nan ri ch c c tnh ta1 ng dy, n trc c Pht, nh l di chn ri ngi sang mt bn, tha rng: Bch Th Tn, gi gii c mc ch g?2. c Th Tn p: Ny A-nan, gi gii c mc ch khin cho khng hi hn3. Ny A-nan, nu ai gi gii, ngi y c s khng hi hn. Bch Th Tn, khng hi hn th c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, khng hi hn th c mc ch khin cho c hn hoan4. A-nan, nu ai khng hi hn, ngi y c s hn hoan. Bch Th Tn, hn hoan c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, hn hoan c mc ch khin cho c h5. Ny A-nan, nu ai hn hoan, ngi y c h. Bch Th Tn, h c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, h c mc ch khin cho an ch6. Ny A-nan, nu ai c h, ngi y c an ch ca thn. 7 Bch Th Tn, an ch c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, an ch c mc ch khin cho lc8. A-nan, nu ai co an ch
Hn: yn ta (c ch vit: ) . Pli: patisallna hoc paisallna. Pli: kimatthiya kusni slni, thin gii c ngha g/ mc ch g/ ch li g? Trong y nn hiu l mc ch. 3 Hn: bt hi . Pli: avippaisra, khng hi hn, khng truy hi. 4 Hn: hoan duyt . Pli: pmojja, hn hoan, thch th, vui v. 5 Hn: h . Pli: pti, trng thi h ging nh xut thn. 6 Hn: ch . Pli: passaddhi, khinh an. 7 Hn: ch thn (Pl.: kya-passaddhi). Bn Pli khng cp. 8 Hn: lc . Pli: sukha, an lc, an n khoi lc.
2 1

KINH HA NGHA

334

ngi y c cm th lc. Bch Th Tn, lc c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, lc c mc ch khin cho c nh9. A-nan, nu ai c lc ngi y c nh. Bch Th Tn, nh c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, nh c mc ch l khin cho thy nh tht, bit nh chn10. A-nan, nu ai [485b] c nh ngi y thy nh tht, bit nh chn. Bch Th Tn, thy nh tht, bit nh chn c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, thy nh tht, bit nh chn c mc ch l khin cho ym ly11. Ny A-nan, thy nh tht, bit nh chn ngi y c s ym ly. Bch Th Tn, ym ly c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, ym ly c mc ch khin cho v dc12. A-nan, nu ai ym ly ngi y c v dc. Bch Th Tn, v dc c mc ch g? Ny A-nan, v dc c mc ch khin cho gii thot. Ny A-nan, nu ai v dc th ngi y c gii thot ht thy dm, n, si. Cho nn, ny A-nan, nhn tr gii m c khng hi hn, nhn khng hi hn m c hn hoan, nhn hn hoan m c h, nhn h m c ch, nhn ch m c lc, nhn lc m c nh. Ny A-nan, a vn Thnh t nhn nh m c tri kin nh tht, nhn c tri kin nh tht m c ym ly, nhn c ym ly m c v dc, nhn v dc m c gii thot, nhn gii thot m c gii thot tri kin, bit ng nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Ny A-nan, chnh l cc php h tr ln nhau, lm nhn cho nhau. Nh vy, gii ny a n ch cao tt, tc l a t b ny n tn b
9

10

nh . Pli: samdhi. Hn: kin nh tht, tri nh chn . Pli: yathbhtaaadassana, tri kin nh tht. 11 Hn: ym . Pli: nibbid, s chn ght, nhm tm. 12 Hn: v dc . Pli: virga, ly dc, ly tham; khng cn nhim dc.

KINH HA NGHA 335

kia13. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Pli (A. v. 2): iti kho ananda kusalni slni anupubbena aggya parent ti, l cc thin gii ln lt dn n ch cao tt.

13

43. KINH BT T Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn ni rng: Ny A-nan, ngi gi gii khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti khng c s hi hn. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn vy1: ai gi gii, ngi y c s khng hi hn. Ny A-nan, ngi c s khng hi hn, khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c hn hoan. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn nh vy, ai khng hi hn ngi y c hn hoan. Ny A-nan, ngi c s hn hoan khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c h. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn vy, ai c hn hoan, ngi y c h. Ny A-nan, ngi c h khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c an ch. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn nh vy, ai c h, ngi y c an ch. Ny A-nan, ngi c an ch khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c lc. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn vy, [485c] ai c an ch, ngi y c cm th lc. Ny A-nan, ngi c lc khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c nh. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn vy, ai c lc, ngi y c nh. Ny A-nan, ngi c nh khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti thy nh tht, bit nh chn. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn vy, ai c nh, ngi y thy nh tht, bit nh chn. Ny A-nan, ngi thy nh tht, bit nh chn khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c s ym ly. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn nh vy, ai thy nh tht, bit nh chn, ngi y c s ym ly. Ny A-nan, ngi c s ym ly khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti

Hn: php t nhin . Pli: dhammat es, php tnh l nh th.

KINH HA NGHA 338

c v dc. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn nh vy, ai c s ym ly ngi y c v dc. Ny A-nan, ngi v dc khng nn ngh rng: Mong sao ti c gii thot. Ny A-nan, bi v php tnh vn nh vy, ai v dc ngi y c gii thot ht thy dm, n, si. Ny A-nan, y l nhn tr gii m c khng hi hn, nhn khng hi hn m c hn hoan, nhn hn hoan m c h, nhn h m c ch, nhn ch m c lc, nhn lc m c nh. Ny A-nan, a vn Thnh t nhn nh m c tri kin nh tht, nhn c tri kin nh tht m c ym ly, nhn c ym ly m c v dc, nhn v dc m c gii thot, nhn gii thot m c gii thot tri kin, bit ng nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Ny A-nan, chnh l cc php h tr ln nhau, lm nhn cho nhau. Nh vy, gii ny a n ch cao tt, tc l a t b ny n tn b kia.2 Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Pl. (A. v. 2): dhamm dhamme abhisandenti, dhammdhamme pariptenti, apr pra gamany ti, cc php lm sung mn ln nhau, lm vin mn ln nhau, dn t b ny sang b kia.

KINH NIEM

339

44. KINH NIM Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Cc T-kheo no khng chnh nim, khng chnh tr1 th chnh nim b tn hi. Nu khng chnh nim, chnh tr th b tn hi l vic th h cc cn,2 th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, ch, lc, nh, [486a] tri kin nh tht,3 ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu khng gii thot th lm tn hi Nit-bn. Nu T-kheo no khng thng mt chnh nim chnh tr th thng xuyn c4 chnh nim chnh tr. Nu c chnh nim chnh tr th thng th h cc cn, gi gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot lin chng c Nit-bn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Hn: a vong, v chnh tr . Pl. (A. iv. 336): satisampajae asti, trong khi khng c chnh nim chnh tri (tnh gic). 2 Pl. ibid.: satisampajaavipannassa hatpanisa hoti hirottapa, (), nguyn do chnh nim v chnh tri b mt nn tm qu b tn hi; tip theo tun t nhn qu tn hi: th h cn (indriyasavaro), gii (sla), chnh nh (sammsamdhi), nh tht tri kin (yathbhtaadassana), ym ly ly dc (nibbidvirgo), gii thot tri kin (vimuttiadassana). 3 Hn: kin nh tht tri nh chn. 4 Hn: tp . Pli: upanisasammpanno hoti.

KINH TAM QUY (I) 341

45. KINH TM QU (I) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Nu c T-kheo no khng tm khng qu th lm tn hi i v knh1. Khng c i v knh th lm tn hi tn. Khng c tn th lm tn hi chnh t duy. Khng c chnh t duy th lm tn hi chnh nim chnh tr. Khng c chnh nim chnh tr th lm tn hi s th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu khng gii thot th lm tn hi Nit-bn. Nu T-kheo no bit tm qu th c i v knh. Nu c i v knh th thng c tn. Nu c tn th thng c chnh t duy. Nu c chnh t duy th thng c chnh nim chnh tr. Nu c chnh nim chnh tr th thng gi cc cn, gi gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, tnh ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot th lin c Nit-bn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Hn: i cung knh . Tham chiu kinh 44 trn.

KINH TAM QUY (II)

343 46. KINH TM QU (II)

Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, Tn gi X-li-pht ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Ny cc Hin gi, nu T-kheo no khng tm khng qu th lm tn hi i v knh. Khng c i knh th lm hi tn. Khng c tn th lm tn hi chnh t duy. Khng c chnh t duy th lm tn hi chnh nim, chnh tr. Khng c chnh nim, chnh tr th lm tn hi th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Khng thot th lm tn hi Nit-bn. Ny Ch Hin, cng nh [486b] cy no m lp v ngoi tn hi th lp v trong cng h. V trong h, nn thn, li, nhnh, cnh, hoa, l chc chn thy u tn ri. Ch Hin nn bit, T-kheo cng nh vy. Nu khng tm khng qu th lm tn hi i v knh. Khng c i knh th lm hi tn. Khng c tn th lm tn hi chnh t duy. Khng c chnh t duy th lm tn hi chnh nim, chnh tr. Khng c chnh nim, chnh tr th lm tn hi th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Khng thot th lm tn hi Nit-bn. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo bit tm bit qu th thng c i v knh. C i v knh th thng c tn. C tn th thng c chnh t duy. C chnh t duy th c chnh nim, chnh tr. C chnh nim, chnh tr th thng th h gi cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot lin c Nit-bn. Ny Ch Hin, ging nh cy no m v ngoi khng b h tn th v trong khng b h hi. V trong khng h, nn thn, li, cnh, nhnh, hoa, l chc chn thy u thnh tu. Ch Hin nn bit, T-kheo cng nh vy. Nn bit tm bit qu th thng c i v knh. C i knh th thng c tn. C tn th thng c

KINH TAM QUY (II) 344

chnh t duy. C chnh t duy th thng c chnh nim, chnh tr. C chnh nim, chnh tr th thng th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot lin c Nit-bn. Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

KINH GII (I)

345 47. KINH GII (I)

Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: T-kheo no phm gii1 tt lm tn hi vic th h cc cn.2 Th h gii th khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu khng gii thot th lm tn hi Nit-bn. Nu T-kheo no gi gii th thng khng c s hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot th lin c Nit-bn. Pht thuyt [486c] nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Hn: phm gii . Pl. (A. v. 4): dussla, c gii. Pl.: slavipannassa hatpaniso hoti avippaisro, mt gii th tn hi s khng truy hi (hi hn).
2

KINH GII (II) 347

48. KINH GII (II) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, Tn gi X-li-pht ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo phm gii tt lm tn hi vic th h cc cn. Gi gii th khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu khng gii thot th lm tn hi Nitbn. Ny Ch Hin, ging nh cy no m r b tn hi th thn, li, nhnh, cnh, hoa, l khng th thnh c. Ch Hin nn bit, T-kheo cng li nh vy. Nu ai phm gii th lm tn hi vic th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu khng gii thot th lm tn hi Nit-bn. Ny Ch Hin, T-kheo th h th thng khng c s hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot th lin c Nit-bn. Ny Ch Hin, ging nh cy no m r khng h th thn, li, nhnh, cnh, hoa, l u thnh tu. Ch Hin nn bit, T-kheo cng nh vy. Nu ai gi gii th thng khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu gii thot th lin c Nit-bn. Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Tn gi X-li-pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

KINH CUNG KNH (I)

349 49. KINH CUNG KNH (I)

Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: T-kheo nn thc hnh hnh cung knh v kho qun st, knh trng cc ng phm hnh. T-kheo khng thc hnh hnh cung knh, khng kho qun st1, khng knh trng2 cc ng phm hnh, m php oai nghi3 y , iu khng th xy ra. Php oai nghi khng y m hc php y , iu khng th xy ra. Hc php khng y m gii thn y , iu khng th xy ra. Gii thn khng y m nh thn y 4, iu khng th xy ra. [487a] nh thn khng y m tu thn y , iu khng th xy ra. Tu thn khng y m gii thot thn y , iu khng th xy ra. Gii thot thn khng y m gii thot tri kin thn y , iu khng th xy ra. Gii thot tri kin thn khng y m Nit-bn y , iu khng th xy ra. T-kheo thc hnh hnh cung knh v kho qun st, knh trng cc ng phm hnh nn php oai nghi y , iu chc chn xy ra. Php oai nghi y nn hc php y , iu chc chn xy ra. Hc php5 y nn gii thn y , iu chc chn xy ra. Gii thn y nn nh thn y , iu chc chn xy ra. nh thn y nn tu thn y , iu chc chn xy ra. Tu thn y nn gii thot thn y , iu chc chn xy ra. Gii thot thn y nn gii thot tri kin thn y , iu chc chn xy ra. Gii
Hn: bt thin qun . Pli: appatissa, khng thun tng, khng phc tng, hay gy g. 2 Hn: bt knh trng . Pli: asabhgavuttika, khng c l nghi, v l. 3 Hn: oai nghi php . Pli: bhisamcarika dhamma, hnh nghi l tit. 4 Bn Pli: slni aparipretv sammdihi paripressati, cc gii khng vin mn m chnh kin vin mn. 5 Pli, tun t nhn qu: sekham dhamma (hc php), slakkhandha (gii un), samdhikkhandha (nh un), paakkhandha (tu un).
1

KINH CUNG KNH (I) 350

thot tri kin thn y nn Nit-bn y , iu chc chn xy ra. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

KINH CUNG KNH (II)

351 50. KINH CUNG KNH (II)

Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: T-kheo nn thc hnh hnh cung knh v kho qun st, knh trng cc ng phm hnh. 1 Nu T-kheo no khng thc hnh hnh cung knh, khng kho qun st, khng knh trng cc ng phm hnh m php oai nghi y , iu khng th xy ra. Php oai nghi khng y m hc php y , iu khng th xy ra. Hc php khng y m th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot y , iu khng th xy ra. Gii thot khng y m Nit-bn y , iu khng th xy ra. Nu T-kheo no thc hnh hnh cung knh v kho qun st, knh trng cc ng phm hnh nn php oai nghi y , iu chc chn xy ra. Php oai nghi y nn hc php y , iu chc chc xy ra. Hc php y nn th h cc cn, gi gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, an ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot y nn Nit-bn y , iu chc chn xy ra. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe [487b] Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Xem kinh 49 v cc cht.

51. KINH BN T Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Khng th bit bin t ti s1 ca hu i2, rng trc vn khng c hu i, m nay sanh ra hu i. 3 Nhng c th bit c s nhn ca hu i. 4 Hu i c tp khi5 ch khng phi khng tp khi. Tp khi ca hu i l g? V minh l tp. V minh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca v minh l g? Nm trin ci6 l tp. Nm trin ci cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca nm trin ci l g? Ba c hnh l tp. Ba c hnh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca ba c hnh l g? Khng th h cc cn l tp. Khng th h cc cn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp
Hn: bn t . Pli: purim koi, bin t ti s, gii hn thi gian v trc (khi thy). 2 Hn: hu i . Pli: bhavatah, hu dn n i ng lai. 3 Pl. (A. v. 116): purim koi na payati bhavatahya ito pubbe bhavatah nhosi atha pacch samabhav ti, evaceta vuccati, im ti s ca hu i khng th bit, ni rng, trc khng c hu i, su ny n mi xut hin. 4 Pl. ibid. : atha ca pana payati idaccay bhavatah, nhng iu ny th c bit: do duyn ci ny m c hu i. 5 Lu ch Hn: tp theo ngha tp qun hay tp nhn, ch khng phi tp theo ngha tp khi (tp hp). Nhng trong bn hn ny, cc ch tp thuc tp u vit l thay v . Vy, tp y cng c hiu ltp khi, tc nguyn nhn sanh khi. Pl.: bhavatahmpha shra vdmi no anhra, Ta cng ni hu i c thc n (= c duyn) ch khng phi khng c thc n (= khng duyn). 6 Hn: ng ci . Pli: paca nvara.
1

KINH BON TE

354

ca khng th h cc cn l g? Khng chnh nim chnh tr l tp. Khng chnh nim chnh tr cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca khng chnh nim chnh tr l g? Khng t duy chnh xc 7 l tp. Khng t duy chnh xc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca khng t duy chnh xc l g? Khng c tn l tp. Khng c tn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca khng c tn l g? Nghe php c8 l tp. Nghe php c cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca nghe iu c l g? Thn cn c tri thc9 l tp. Thn cn c tri thc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca thn cn c tri thc l g? Ngi c10 l tp. Nh th, c ngi c lin c s thn cn c tri thc. C s thn cn c tri thc ri lin c s nghe php c. C s nghe php c ri, lin c s sanh lng bt tn. C s sanh lng bt tn ri, lin khng chnh t duy. C s khng chnh t duy ri, lin c s khng chnh nim chnh tr. C s khng chnh nim chnh tr ri, lin c s khng th h cc cn. C s khng th h cc cn ri, lin c ba c hnh. ba c hnh ri, lin c nm trin ci. nm trin ci ri, lin c v minh. C v minh ri, lin y hu i. Nh vy, hu i ny ln lt c pht trin tu thnh. Minh gii thot11 [487c] cng c tp, ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca minh gii thot l g? By gic chi l tp. By gic chi cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca by gic chi l g? Bn nim x l tp. Bn nim x c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca bn nim x l g? Ba diu hnh l tp. Ba diu hnh cng c tp ch khng phi
Hn: bt chnh t duy . Pli: ayoniso manasikra, khng nh l tc , t duy khng phng php. 8 Hn: c php . Pli: asaddhamma, php khng vi diu, khng chn chnh. 9 Hn: c tri thc , xem cht. di. 10 Bn Hn cp c thin tri thc v c nhn. Bn Pli ch cp asappurisa, khng phi thin nhn. 11 Minh gii thot . Pli: vijj-vimutti.
7

KINH BON TE 355

khng tp. Tp ca ba diu hnh l g? Th h cc cn l tp. Th h cc cn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca s th h cc cn l g? Chnh nim chnh tr l tp. Chnh nim chnh tr cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca chnh nim chnh tr l g? Chnh t duy l tp. Chnh t duy cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca chnh t duy l g? Tn l tp. Tn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca tn l g? Nghe php thin12 l tp. Nghe php thin cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca nghe php thin l g? Thn cn thin tri thc l tp. Thn cn thin tri thc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca s thn cn thin tri thc l g? Ngi thin13 l tp. l, c ngi thin lin c s thn cn thin tri thc. s thn cn thin tri thc lin c s nghe iu thin. C s nghe iu thin lin c tn. C tn lin c chnh t duy. C chnh t duy lin c chnh nim chnh tr. C chnh nim chnh tr mi c s th h cc cn. C s th h cc cn lin c ba diu hnh. C ba diu hnh lin c bn nim x. C bn nim x lin c by gic chi. C by gic chi lin y minh gii thot. Nh vy, minh gii thot ny ln lt c thnh tu ton vn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

Pli: saddhamma, diu php, chnh php. Hn: thin nhn . Pli: sappurisa, ngi li lc, siu vit; chn nhn, thng nhn, thin s.
13

12

52. KINH THC (I) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Khng th bit bin t ti s ca hu i, rng trc vn khng c hu i, m nay sanh ra hu i. Nhng c th bit c s nhn ca hu i. 1 Hu i c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. 2 [488a] Thc n ca hu i l g? V minh l thc n. V minh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca v minh l g? Nm trin ci3 l thc n. Nm trin ci cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca nm trin ci l g? Ba c hnh l thc n. Ba c hnh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca ba c hnh l g? Khng th h cc cn l thc n. Khng th h cc cn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng th h cc cn l g? Khng chnh nim chnh tr l thc n. Khng chnh nim chnh tr cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng chnh nim chnh tr l g? Khng chnh t duy l thc n. Khng chnh t duy cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng chnh t duy l g? Khng c tn l thc n. Khng c tn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng c tn l g? Nghe php c l thc n. Nghe php c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca nghe php c l g? Thn cn c tri thc l thc n. Thn cn c tri thc cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n.
1

Tham chiu kinh 51 v cc ch thch. Pl.: bhavatahmpha shra vdmi no anhra, Ta cng ni hu i c thc n (= c duyn) ch khng phi khng c thc n (= khng duyn). 3 Xem kinh 51.
2

KINH THC (I) 358

Thc n ca thn cn c tri thc l g? Ngi c l thc n. Nh th, c ngi c lin c s thn cn c tri thc. C s thn cn c tri thc ri lin c s nghe php c. C s nghe php c ri, lin c s sanh lng bt tn. C s sanh lng bt tn ri, lin khng chnh t duy. C s khng chnh t duy ri, lin c s khng chnh nim chnh tr. C s khng chnh nim chnh tr ri, lin c s khng th h cc cn. C s khng th h cc cn ri, lin c ba c hnh. ba c hnh ri, lin c nm trin ci. nm trin ci ri, lin c v minh. C v minh ri, lin y hu i. Nh vy, hu i ny ln lt c pht trin tu thnh. Bin c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca bin c l g? Sng ln l thc n. Sng ln cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca sng ln l g? Sng nh l thc n. Sng nh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca sng nh l g? Lch ln4 l thc n. Lch ln cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca lch ln l g? Lch nh l thc n. Lch nh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca lch nh l g? Sui, chm trong cc sn ni l thc n. Sui, chm trong cc sn ni cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca sui, chm trong cc sn ni l g? Ma l thc n. C lc ma ln. [488b] Ma ln ri th sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y. Sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y ri th lch nh trn y. Lch nh trn y ri th lch ln trn y. Lch ln trn y th sng nh trn y. Sng nh trn y th sng ln trn y. Sng ln trn y th bin c trn y. Nh vy, bin c kia ln hi trn y trn vn. Ging nh vy, hu i cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca hu i l g? V minh l thc n. V minh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca
4

Hn: i xuyn . Pli: mahsobbha, h ln.

KINH THC (I)

359

v minh l g? Nm trin ci l thc n. Nm trin ci cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca nm trin ci l g? Ba c hnh l thc n. Ba c hnh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca ba c hnh l g? Khng th h cc cn l thc n. Khng th h cc cn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng th h cc cn l g? Khng chnh nim chnh tr l thc n. Khng chnh nim chnh tr cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng chnh nim chnh tr l g? Khng chnh t duy l thc n. Khng chnh t duy cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng chnh t duy l g? Khng c tn l thc n. Khng c tn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng c tn l g? Nghe php c l thc n. Nghe php c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca nghe php c l g? Thn cn c tri thc l thc n. Thn cn c tri thc cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca thn cn c tri thc l g? Ngi c l thc n. Nh th, c ngi c lin c s thn cn c tri thc. C s thn cn c tri thc ri lin c s nghe php c. C s nghe php c ri, lin c s sanh lng bt tn. C s sanh lng bt tn ri, lin khng chnh t duy. C s khng chnh t duy ri, lin c s khng chnh nim chnh tr. C s khng chnh nim chnh tr ri, lin c s khng th h cc cn. C s khng th h cc cn ri, lin c ba c hnh. ba c hnh ri, lin c nm trin ci. nm trin ci ri, lin c v minh. C v minh ri, lin y hu i. Nh vy, hu i ny ln lt c tu thnh trn vn. Minh gii thot cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca minh gii thot l g? By gic chi l thc n. By gic chi cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca by gic chi l g? Bn nim x l thc n. Bn nim x cng [488c] c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n.

KINH THC (I) 360

Thc n ca bn nim x l g? Ba diu hnh l thc n. Ba diu hnh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca ba diu hnh l g? Th h cc cn l thc n. Th h cc cn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca gn gi cc cn l g? Chnh nim chnh tr l thc n. Chnh nim chnh tr cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca chnh nim chnh tr l g? Chnh t duy l thc n. Chnh t duy cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca chnh t duy l g? Tn l thc n. Tn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca tn l g? Nghe iu thin l thc n. Nghe iu thin cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca nghe iu thin l g? Thn cn thin tri thc l thc n. Thn cn thin tri thc cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca thn cn thin tri thc l g? Ngi thin l thc n. l, c ngi thin lin c s thn cn thin tri thc. s thn cn thin tri thc lin c s nghe iu thin. C s nghe iu thin lin c tn. C tn lin c chnh t duy. C chnh t duy lin c chnh nim chnh tr. C chnh nim chnh tr mi c s th h cc cn. C s th h cc cn lin c ba diu hnh. C ba diu hnh lin c bn nim x. C bn nim x lin c by gic chi. C by gic chi lin y minh gii thot. Nh vy, minh gii thot ny ln lt c thnh tu ton vn. Bin c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca bin c l g? Sng ln l thc n. Sng ln cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca sng ln l g? Sng nh l thc n. Sng nh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca sng nh l g? Lch ln l thc n. Lch ln cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca lch ln l g? Lch nh l thc n.

KINH THC (I)

361

Lch nh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca lch nh l g? Sui, chm trong cc sn ni l thc n. Sui, chm trong cc sn ni cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca sui, chm trong cc sn ni l g? Ma l thc n. C lc ma ln. Ma ln ri th sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y. Sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y ri th lch nh trn y. Lch nh trn y ri th lch ln trn y. Lch ln trn y th sng nh trn y. Sng nh trn y th sng ln trn y. Sng ln [489a] trn y th bin c trn y. Nh vy, bin c kia ln hi trn y trn vn. Cng vy, minh gii thot cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca minh gii thot l g? By gic chi l thc n. By gic chi cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca by gic chi l g? Bn nim x l thc n. Bn nim x cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca bn nim x l g? Ba diu hnh l thc n. Ba diu hnh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca ba diu hnh l g? Th h cc cn l thc n. Th h cc cn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca gn gi cc cn l g? Chnh nim chnh tr l thc n. Chnh nim chnh tr cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca chnh nim chnh tr l g? Chnh t duy l thc n. Chnh t duy cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca chnh t duy l g? Tn l thc n. Tn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca tn l g? Nghe iu thin l thc n. Nghe iu thin cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca nghe iu thin l g? Thn cn thin tri thc l thc n. Thn cn thin tri thc cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca thn cn thin tri thc l g? Ngi thin l thc n. l, c ngi thin lin c s thn cn thin tri thc. s thn cn thin tri thc lin c s nghe iu thin. C s nghe iu thin

KINH THC (I) 362

lin c tn. C tn lin c chnh t duy. C chnh t duy lin c chnh nim chnh tr. C chnh nim chnh tr mi c s th h cc cn. C s th h cc cn lin c ba diu hnh. C ba diu hnh lin c bn nim x. C bn nim x lin c by gic chi. C by gic chi lin y minh gii thot. Nh vy, minh gii thot ny ln lt c thnh tu ton vn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

53. KINH THC (II) Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Khng th bit bin t ti s ca hu i, rng trc vn khng c hu i, m nay sanh ra hu i. Nhng c th [489b] bit c s nhn ca hu i. 1 Hu i c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca hu i l g? V minh l thc n. V minh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca v minh l g? Nm trin ci l thc n. Nm trin ci cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca nm trin ci l g? Ba c hnh l thc n. Ba c hnh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca ba c hnh l g? Khng th h cc cn l thc n. Khng th h cc cn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng th h cc cn l g? Khng chnh nim chnh tr l thc n. Khng chnh nim chnh tr cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng chnh nim chnh tr l g? Khng chnh t duy l thc n. Khng chnh t duy cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng chnh t duy l g? Khng c tn l thc n. Khng c tn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca khng c tn l g? Nghe php c l thc n. Nghe php c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca nghe php c l g? Thn cn c tri thc l thc n. Thn cn c tri thc cng c thc n ch khng phi khng thc n. Thc n ca thn cn c tri thc l g? Ngi c l thc n.
1

Tham chiu kinh 51 v cc ch thch.

KINH THC (II) 364

Nh th, c ngi c lin c s thn cn c tri thc. C s thn cn c tri thc ri lin c s nghe php c. C s nghe php c ri, lin c s sanh lng bt tn. C s sanh lng bt tn ri, lin khng chnh t duy. C s khng chnh t duy ri, lin c s khng chnh nim chnh tr. C s khng chnh nim chnh tr ri, lin c s khng th h cc cn. C s khng th h cc cn ri, lin c ba c hnh. ba c hnh ri, lin c nm trin ci. nm trin ci ri, lin c v minh. C v minh ri, lin y hu i. Nh vy, hu i ny ln lt c tu thnh trn vn. Bin c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca bin c l g? Ma l thc n. C lc ma ln. Ma ln ri th sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y. Sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y ri th lch nh trn y. Lch nh trn y ri th lch ln trn y. Lch ln trn y th sng nh trn y. Sng nh trn y th sng ln trn y. Sng ln trn y th bin c trn y. Nh vy, bin c kia ln hi trn y trn vn. Cng ging nh vy, c ngi c lin c s thn cn c tri thc. C s thn cn c tri thc ri lin c s nghe php c. C s nghe php c ri, lin c s sanh lng bt tn. C s sanh lng bt tn ri, lin khng chnh t duy. C s khng chnh t duy ri, lin c s khng chnh nim chnh tr. C s khng chnh nim chnh tr ri, lin c s khng th h cc cn. C s khng th h cc cn ri, lin c ba c hnh. ba c hnh ri, lin c nm trin ci. nm trin ci ri, lin c v minh. C v minh ri, lin y hu i. Nh vy, hu i ny ln lt c pht trin tu thnh. Minh gii thot cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca minh gii thot l g? By gic chi l thc n. By gic chi cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca by gic chi l g? Bn nim x l thc n. Bn nim x cng c thc n [489c] ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca bn nim x l g? Ba diu hnh l thc n. Ba diu hnh cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca ba diu hnh l g? Th h cc cn l thc n.

KINH THC (II)

365

Th h cc cn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca gn gi cc cn l g? Chnh nim chnh tr l thc n. Chnh nim chnh tr cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca chnh nim chnh tr l g? Chnh t duy l thc n. Chnh t duy cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca chnh t duy l g? Tn l thc n. Tn cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca tn l g? Nghe iu thin l thc n. Nghe iu thin cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca nghe iu thin l g? Thn cn thin tri thc l thc n. Thn cn thin tri thc cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca thn cn thin tri thc l g? Ngi thin l thc n. Bin c cng c thc n ch khng phi khng c thc n. Thc n ca bin c l g? Ma l thc n. C lc ma ln. Ma ln ri th sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y. Sui, chm trong cc sn ni trn y ri th lch nh trn y. Lch nh trn y ri th lch ln trn y. Lch ln trn y th sng nh trn y. Sng nh trn y th sng ln trn y. Sng ln trn y th bin c trn y. Nh vy, bin c kia ln hi trn y trn vn. Cng ging nh vy, c ngi thin lin c s thn cn thin tri thc. s thn cn thin tri thc lin c s nghe iu thin. C s nghe iu thin lin c tn. C tn lin c chnh t duy. C chnh t duy lin c chnh nim chnh tr. C chnh nim chnh tr mi c s th h cc cn. C s th h cc cn lin c ba diu hnh. C ba diu hnh lin c bn nim x. C bn nim x lin c by gic chi. C by gic chi lin y minh gii thot. Nh vy, minh gii thot ny ln lt c thnh tu ton vn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

54. KINH TN TR [490a1] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc Cu-lu-su, tr trong Kim-ma-st-m1, p ca Cu-lu. By gi, c Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo rng: C tri, c kin, mi c chng c lu tn, ch khng phi khng tri, khng kin. Th no l c tri, c kin mi chng c lu tn? Tri kin nh tht v Kh lin chng c lu tn. Tri kin nh tht v Kh tp, tri kin nh tht v Kh dit v tri kin nh tht v Kh dit o lin chng c lu tn. Tn tr c tp2 ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca tn tr l g? Gii thot l tp. Gii thot cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca gii thot l g? V dc l nhn. V dc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca v dc l g? Ym ly l tp. Ym ly cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca ym ly l g? Thy nh tht, bit nh chn. Thy nh tht, bit nh chn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca thy nh tht, bit nh chn l g? nh l tp. nh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca nh l g? Lc l tp. Lc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca lc l g? An ch l tp. An ch cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca an ch l g? H l tp. H cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca h l g? Hn hoan l tp.
1 2

Xem kinh 10 (Lu tn) v ch thch. Xem kinh 51 v cht.

KINH TAN TR

367

Hn hoan cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca hn hoan l g? Khng hi hn l tp. Khng hi hn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca khng hi hn l g? Th h gii l tp. Th h gii cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca th h gii l g? Th h cc cn l tp. Th h cc cn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca th h cc cn l g? Chnh nim chnh tr l tp. Chnh nim chnh tr cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca chnh nim chnh tr l g? Chnh t duy l tp. Chnh t duy cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca chnh t duy l g? Tn l tp. Tn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca tn l g? Qun php nhn l tp. Qun php nhn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca qun php nhn l g? Tng c php l tp. Tng c php cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca tng c php l g? Th tr php l tp. Th tr php cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca th tr php l g? Qun ngha ca php l tp. Qun ngha ca php cng c tp ch khng phi khng [490b] tp. Tp ca qun ngha ca php l g? L tai3 l tp. L tai cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca l tai l g? Nghe php thin4 l tp. Nghe php thin cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca nghe php thin l g? Tip cn5 l tp. Tip cn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca tip cn l g?
3 4

Nh gii . Thin php , y mun ni l diu php hay chnh php. 5 Hn: vng ngh : i n. Pl.: upasakamana, yu t u dn n thn cn thin s, mt trong bn D lu chi (S gii DA. iii 1020: sappurisasasevo ti bdddhdna sappurisna upasakamitv sevana). Xem cht. tip theo.

KINH TAN TR 368

Phng s6 l tp. Nu ai phng s thin tri thc,7 iu g cha nghe lin c nghe, iu g nghe lin c b ch. Nh vy, nu ai khng phng s thin tri thc th lm tn hi tp ca phng s. Nu khng phng s th lm tn hi tp ca s i n. Nu khng i n th lm tn hi tp ca s nghe php thin. Nu khng nghe php thin th lm tn hi tp ca l tai. Nu khng c l tai th lm tn hi tp ca s qun ngha ca php. Nu khng qun ngha ca php th lm tn hi tp ca th tr php. Nu khng th tr php th lm tn hi tp ca tng c php. Nu khng tng c php th lm tn hi ci nhn qun php nhn. Nu khng qun php nhn th lm tn hi tp ca ca tn. Nu khng c tn th lm tn hi tp ca chnh t duy. Nu khng chnh t duy th lm tn hi tp ca chnh nim chnh tr. Nu khng chnh nim chnh tr th lm tn hi tp ca s th h cc cn. Nu khng th h cc cn th lm tn hi tp ca s th h gii, s khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, ch, lc, nh, thy nh tht, bit nh chn, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. Nu khng gii thot th lm tn hi tp ca tn tr. Nu ai phng s thin tri thc th iu g cha nghe lin c nghe, iu g nghe lin c b ch. Nh vy, nu ai phng s thin tri thc th c tp phng s. Nu phng s th c tp i n. Nu i n th c tp nghe php thin. Nu nghe php thin th c tp l tai. Nu c l tai th c tp qun ngha ca php. Nu qun ngha ca php th c tp th tr php. Nu th tr php th c tp tng c php. Nu c tng php th c tp qun php nhn. Nu qun php nhn th c tp tn. Nu c tn th c tp chnh t duy. Nu c chnh t duy th c tp chnh nim chnh tr. Nu chnh nim chnh tr th c tp th h cc cn, th h gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, ch, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc,

Phng s . Pli: sevan, thn cn, phng s. y ch mt trong bn D lu chi: thn cn thin s. Cf. Php un 2 (No 1537, tr. 458b26), D iii. 324: sappurisasasevo. 7 Phng s thin tri thc , tc thn cn thin s. Pl:

sappurisasasevo.

KINH TAN TR

369

gii thot. Nu gii thot th c tp tn tr. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

55. KINH NIT-BN

[490c1] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Nit-bn c tp2 ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca Nit-bn l g? Gii thot l tp. Gii thot cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca gii thot l g? V dc l tp. V dc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca v dc l g? Ym ly l tp. Ym ly cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca ym ly l g? Thy nh tht, bit nh chn l tp. Thy nh tht, bit nh chn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca thy nh tht, bit nh chn l g? nh l tp. nh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca nh l g? Lc l tp. Lc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca lc l g? An ch l tp. An ch cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca an ch l g? H l tp. H cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca h l g? Hn hoan l tp. Hn hoan cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca hn hoan l g? Khng hi hn l tp. Khng hi hn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca khng hi hn l g? H gii l tp. H gii cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca h gii l g? Th h cc cn l tp.
1 2

Khng thy Pli tng ng. Xem kinh 51 cht. Tham chiu kinh 42 trn.

KINH NIET-BAN

371

Th h cc cn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca th h cc cn l g? Chnh nim chnh tr l tp. Chnh nim chnh tr cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca chnh nim chnh tr l g? Chnh t duy l tp. Chnh t duy cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca chnh t duy l g? Tn l tp. Tn cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca tn l g? Kh l tp. Kh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca kh l g? Gi cht l tp. Gi cht cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca gi cht l g? Sanh l tp. Sanh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca sanh l g? Hu l tp. Hu cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca hu l g? Th3 l tp. Th cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca th l g? Th4 l tp. Th cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca th l g? i l tp. i cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca i l g?Xc5 l tp. Xc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca xc l g? Su x l tp. Su x cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. [491a] Tp ca su x l g? Danh sc l tp. Danh sc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca danh sc l g? Thc l tp. Thc cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca thc l g? Hnh l tp. Hnh cng c tp ch khng phi khng tp. Tp ca hnh l g? V
3

Hn: th , thng ni l th. Pli: updna. Hn: gic , thng ni l th. Pli: vedan. 5 Hn: canh lc , tc l xc. Pli: phassa.
4

KINH NIET-BAN 372

minh l tp. Nh vy, duyn l v minh c hnh; duyn hnh c thc; duyn thc c danh sc; duyn danh sc c su x; duyn su x c xc; duyn xc c th; duyn th c i; duyn i c th; duyn th c hu; duyn hu c sanh; duyn sanh c gi cht; duyn gi cht c kh. Tp kh mi c tn; tp tn mi c chnh t duy; tp chnh t duy mi c chnh nim chnh tr; tp chnh nim chnh tr mi c th h cc cn, h tr gii, khng hi hn, hn hoan, h, lc, nh, tri kin nh tht, ym ly, v dc, gii thot. C tp gii thot mi chng c Nit-bn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

56. KINH DI-H

Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc Ma-kit-, trong mt ci hang trong rng Mng ni2, thn X-u3. By gi Tn gi Di-h4 lm th gi Pht. Vo bui sng sm, Tn gi Di-h mang y cm bt vo thn X-u kht thc. Kht thc xong, Tn gi Di-h n b sng Kim-t5, thy mt khu t bng phng gi l rng xoi kh i6. Nc sng Kim-t rt tuyt, tht l ng a. Dng nc trong chy chm chm; nng lnh n ha, d chu. Thy xong, Tn gi hoan h, thm ngh: Khu t ny bng phng gi l rng xoi kh i. Nc sng Kim-t rt tuyt, tht l ng a. Dng nc trong chy chm chm; nng lnh n ha, d chu. Nu thin gia nam t no mun tu php on tr7 th nn ch ny. Ta cng c iu phi on tr8, c nn ch yn tnh ny tu php on tr chng? Lin , sau khi n xong, Di-h thu xp y bt, ra tay chn, vt ni-sn9 ln vai, i n ch c Pht, nh l di chn Pht, ri ngi sang mt bn m bch rng: Bch Th Tn, sng sm hm nay con mang y cm bt vo thn X-u kht thc. Kht thc xong, con n b sng Kim-t, thy mt khu t
Tng ng Pli: A. ix.3. Meghiya. Mng ni lm , tc khu rng xoi. Pli: ambavana. 3 X-u thn . Pli: Jantugma, gn lng Calik. Pli: tr lng Calik, trn ni Clikapabbata. Pht an c vo ma ma y vo cc nm th 13, 18 v 19, sau khi thnh o. Calikapabbata l mt ngn i mu trng nn vo nhng m ti ngi ta thy n hnh nh chuyn ng. 4 Di-h . Pli: Meghiya. 5 Kim-t . Pli: Kimikl. 6 Hn: danh ho ni lm : tn l rng Ho ni. Pli: addas ambavana psdika ramaya, thy khu rng xoi xinh p, ng a. 7 Hn: hc on . Pli: () padhnatthikassa padhnya, (tu tp) tinh cn cho ai tinh cn. Theo bn Hn, c pahna (on tr) thay v padhna (tinh cn). 8 Hn: hu s on . Xem cht. trn. 9 Ni-s-n . Pli: nisdana, ta c, khn tri ngi.
2 1

KINH DI-HE 376

bng phng gi l rng xoi kh i. Nc sng Kim-t rt tuyt, tht l ng a. [491b] Dng nc trong chy chm chm; nng lnh n ha, d chu. Thy xong, con hoan h, thm ngh: Khu t ny bng phng gi l rng xoi kh i. Nc sng Kim-t rt tuyt, tht l ng a. Dng nc trong chy chm chm; nng lnh n ha, d chu. Nu thin gia nam t no mun tu php on tr th nn ch ny. Ta cng c iu phi on tr, c nn ch yn tnh ny tu php on tr chng? Bch Th Tn, nay con mun n ch yn tnh, khu rng xoi kia, hc php on tr. By gi c Th Tn bo: Ny Di-h, ngi nay c bit chng? Ta mt mnh khng c ai, khng c th gi. Ngi c th li t lu, i c T-kheo khc n lm th gi cho Ta ri ngi c th n ch yn tnh khu rng xoi kia m hc php on tr. Tn gi Di-h lp li ba ln bch: Bch Th Tn, nay con mun n ch yn tnh, khu rng xoi kia, hc php on tr. c Th Tn cng ba ln ni rng: Ny Di-h, ngi nay c bit chng? Ta mt mnh khng c ai, khng c th gi. Ngi c th li t lu, i c T-kheo khc n lm th gi cho Ta ri ngi c th n ch yn tnh khu rng xoi kia m hc php on tr. Di-h li bch rng: Th Tn khng c vic cn lm, khng c phn s cn hon tt, khng c iu g cn phi qun st10 Con cn c nhng bn phn, nhng iu phi lm, nhng iu phi qun st. Bch Th Tn, con n ch yn tnh, khu rng xoi kia, hc php on tr. c Th Tn bo:

Hn: v vi, v tc, dic v s qun . Pli: natthi kici uttari karanya, natthi katassa paicayo, khng c phn s g thm na, khng c vic lm thm i vi iu lm.

10

KINH DI-HE

377

Ny Di-h, ngi mong cu s on tr11, Ta c g ni thm na? Dih, ngi c i, lm theo nhng g m ngi mun. By gi Di-h sau khi nghe li c Pht dy, kho lnh th, kho ghi nh v kho tng tp. Tn gi lin nh l st chn c Pht, i quanh ba vng, ri i. Sau khi n rng xoi, vo rng, Tn gi i n mt gc cy, tri ni-sn m ngi kt gi. Tn gi Di-h sng trong rng xoi, sanh khi ln ba tm nim c bt thin l tm nim dc, tm nim nhu v tm nim hi12. Do , Tn gi lin ngh n c Th Tn. By gi vo lc x chiu, Tn gi t ch tnh ta ng dy, n trc c Th Tn, nh l chn Ngi, ngi sang mt bn v bch rng: Bch Th Tn, con n rng xoi kia, ngi ch yn tnh, lin sanh khi ba tm nim c bt thin l tm nim dc, tm nim nhu v tm nim hi. Do , con lin ngh n Th Tn. c Th Tn bo: Ny Di-h, tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc, c nm php tu tp. Nhng g l nm? Di-h, T-kheo t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc13. Ny Di-h, vi ai tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th nht. Li na, ny Di-h, T-kheo phi tu tp cm gii, th h Bit gii thot14, li phi kho thu nhip [491c] oai nghi l tit, thy ti li nh nht cng thng sanh lng lo s, th tr hc gii. Ny Di-h, vi tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th hai.
11 12

Ngha l, mun tinh cn. Dc nim nhu nim hi nim . Pli: kmavitakka, vypdavitakka, vihiusvitakka, suy cu tham dc, suy cu sn hn, suy cu bc hi. 13 Pli: kayamitto hoti kalyasahyo kalyasampavako, l bn tt, ngi ng hnh tt, thn hu tt. 14 Tng gii thot . Pl.: pimokkhasavarasavutto, th h bng Bit gii thot lut nghi.

KINH DI-HE 378

Li na, ny Di-h, T-kheo nn ni iu ng ni, ph hp ngha ca bc Thnh, khin tm nhu nhuyn, lm cho tm khng b che lp, tc l ni v gii, ni v nh, ni v tu, ni v gii thot, ni v gii thot tri kin, ni v s tn gim ln ln, ni v vic khng a t hp, ni v thiu dc, ni v tri tc, ni v php on tr, ni v v dc, ni v php dit, ni v tnh ta, ni v duyn khi. C c nhng iu c ni nh vy ca Sa-mn, c trn , d c ch khng kh. Ny Di-h, vi ai tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th ba. Li na, ny Di-h, T-kheo thng tu hnh tinh tn, on tr php c bt thin, tu cc php thin, hng t sch tn, chuyn nht kin c; v mc ch tm cu gc r thin m khng x b phng tin15. Ny Di-h, vi ai tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th t. Li na, ny Di-h, T-kheo tu hnh v tr tu, qun st s hng thnh v suy vi ca cc php; chng tr nh vy, bng Thnh tu minh t16, phn bit thu hiu, m chn chnh dit tn kh au. Ny Di-h, vi ai tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th nm. V y khi c nm php tu tp nh vy ri, li phi tu bn php khc na. Nhng g l bn? Tu l17 on tr dc. Tu t on tr sn nhu. Tu s tc on tr tm nim tn lon. Tu v thng on tr ng mn. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit v y chc chn tu tp cm gii, th h Bit gii thot, li kho thu nhip cc oai nghi, l tit, thy ti nh cng sanh lng lo s, th tr hc gii. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit, v y ni
Pli: anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu, khng trt b gnh nng trong cc php thin. 16 Thnh tu minh t . Pli: ariyanibbedhikapa, tr tu quyt trch ca Thnh. 17 (hay c) l . Pli: asubha, bt tnh.
15

KINH DI-HE

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iu ng ni, ng theo ngha ca bc Thnh, khin tm nhu nhuyn, lm cho tm chng b ngn che, tc l ni v gii, ni v nh, ni v tu, ni v gii thot, ni v gii thot tri kin, ni v s tn gim dn dn, ni v vic khng a t hp, ni v thiu dc, ni v tri tc, ni v php on, ni v php dit, ni v v dc, ni v tnh ta, ni v duyn khi. C c nhng iu c ni nh vy ca Sa-mn, c trn , d c ch khng kh. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit rng, v y chc chn thng tu hnh tinh tn, on cc php c bt thin, thng khi tm chuyn nht kin c, v mc ch tm cu gc r thin m [492a] khng x b phng tin. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit rng, v y chc chn tu hnh v tr tu, qun st s hng thnh v suy vi ca cc php; chng tr nh vy, bng Thnh tu minh t, phn bit thu hiu, m chn chnh dit tn kh au. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit rng, v y chc chn tu l on tr dc. Tu t on tr sn nhu. Tu s tc on tr tm nim tn lon. Tu v thng on tr ng mn. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo no c v thng tng, chc chn c v ng tng. Ny Di-h, nu T-kheo no c v ng tng th ngay trong i hin ti on ht thy ng mn, chng c tch tnh, dit tn, v vi, Nit-bn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi Di-h v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

KINH THAT BAO

387

57. KINH TC V T-KHEO THUYT Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi, Th Tn ni cc T-kheo rng: Tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc, c nm php tu tp. Nhng g l nm? T-kheo, t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc. Tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th nht. Li na, T-kheo, tu tp cm gii, th h Bit gii thot, li phi kho thu nhip oai nghi l tit, thy ti li nh nht cng thng sanh lng lo s, th tr hc gii. Tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th hai. Li na, T-kheo, nn ni iu ng ni, ph hp ngha ca bc Thnh, khin tm nhu nhuyn, lm cho tm khng b che lp, tc l ni v gii, ni v nh, ni v tu, ni v gii thot, ni v gii thot tri kin, ni v s tn gim ln ln, ni v vic khng a t hp, ni v thiu dc, ni v tri tc, ni v php on tr, ni v v dc, ni v php dit, ni v tnh ta, ni v duyn khi. C c nhng iu c ni nh vy ca Samn, c trn , d c ch khng kh. Tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th ba. Li na, T-kheo, thng tu hnh tinh tn, on tr php c bt thin, tu cc php thin, hng t sch tn, chuyn nht kin c; v mc ch tm cu [492b] gc r thin m khng x b phng tin. Tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th t. Li na, T-kheo, tu hnh v tr tu, qun st s hng thnh v suy vi ca cc php; chng tr nh vy, bng Thnh tu minh t, phn bit thu hiu, m chn chnh dit tn kh au. Tm gii thot cha thun thc m mun cho thun thc th l php tu tp th nm. V y khi c nm php tu tp nh vy ri, li phi tu bn php khc na. Nhng g l bn? Tu l on tr dc. Tu t on tr sn

KINH THAT BAO

387

nhu. Tu s tc on tr tm nim tn lon. Tu v thng on tr ng mn. Nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit v y chc chn tu tp cm gii, th h Bit gii thot, li kho thu nhip cc oai nghi, l tit, thy ti nh cng sanh lng lo s, th tr hc gii. Nu T-kheo t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit, v y ni iu ng ni, ng theo ngha ca bc thnh, khin tm nhu nhuyn, lm cho tm chng b ngn che, tc l ni v gii, ni v nh, ni v tu, ni v gii thot, ni v gii thot tri kin, ni v s tn gim dn dn, ni v vic khng a t hp, ni v thiu dc, ni v tri tc, ni v php on, ni v php dit, ni v v dc, ni v tnh ta, ni v duyn khi. C c nhng iu c ni nh vy ca Sa-mn, c trn , d c ch khng kh. Nu T-kheo t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc v cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, th nn bit rng, v y chc chn thng tu hnh tinh tn, on cc php c bt thin, thng khi tm chuyn nht kin c, v mc ch tm cu gc r thin m khng x b phng tin. Nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc, cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, nn bit, v y chc chn tu hnh v tr tu, qun st s hng suy ca cc php; chng tr nh vy, bng Thnh tu minh t, phn bit thu hiu, m chn chnh dit tn kh. Nu T-kheo no t mnh l thin tri thc, cng sng chung vi thin tri thc, cng ha hp vi thin tri thc, nn bit, v y chc chn tu l on tr dc. Tu t on tr sn nhu. Tu s tc on tr tm nim tn lon. Tu v thng on tr ng mn. Nu T-kheo no c v thng tng, chc chn c v ng tng. Nu T-kheo no c v ng tng th ngay trong i hin ti on ht thy ng mn, chng c tch tnh, dit tn, v vi, Nit-bn. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.q

KINH THAT BAO

387

PHM 6: TNG NG VNG (I) TNG NGY TH NHT

K tm tt: Tht bo, Tng, T chu, Ngu phn, Ma-kit vng, T-b l-lng-k, Cui cng l Thin s
58. KINH THT BO 59. KINH TAM THP NH TNG 60. KINH T CHU 61. KINH NGU PHN D 62. KINH TN-B-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHT 63. KINH B-B-LNG-K 64. KINH THIN S

KINH THAT BAO

387

58. KINH THT BO [493a10] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: Nu lc Chuyn lun vng ra i th nn bit rng lin c by bu xut hin i. Nhng g l by? Xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu v tng qun bu. l by bu. Nu lc Chuyn lun vng ra i th nn bit rng lin c by bu ny xut hin i. Ging nh vy, lc Nh Lai, V S Trc, Chnh ng Chnh Gic ra i, th nn bit rng cng c by bu gic chi xut hin th gian. Nhng g l by? Nim gic chi, trch php gic chi, tinh tn gic chi, h gic chi, khinh an gic chi1, nh gic chi v x gic chi. l by. Lc Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, Chnh ng Chnh Gic ra i, th nn bit rng, c by bu gic chi y xut hin th gian. c Pht thuyt ging nh vy, sau khi cc T-kheo y nghe xong, hoan h phng hnh. q

Tc gic chi, Pli: passadhi-bojjhaga.

59. KINH TAM THP NH TNG Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi cc T-kheo sau khi n tra xong, t tp ngi ti ging ng, cng lun bn nh sau: Ny Ch Hin, k diu thay, hy hu thay! Bc i nhn thnh tu ba mi hai tng th chc chn c hai trng hp, chn tht, khng h di. Nu ti gia, chc chn v y lm [493b] Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun, chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng hnh ng theo chnh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu y l xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. V y c mt ngn con trai dung mo p , dng mnh, khng s, nhip phc c ch qun. V y thng lnh ton th ci t ny cho n bin c; khng dng ao gy m dng php tr ha khin cho an lc. Nu v y co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o, chc chn chng c qu Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ting tm vang di, mi phng u nghe. By gi c Th Tn ang ch nhn tnh, vi thin nh thanh tnh, vt xa ngi thng, Ngi nghe cc T-kheo, sau ba n tra t tp ngi ti ging ng, cng bn lun v s kin ny: Ny Ch Hin, k diu thay, hy hu thay! Bc i nhn thnh tu ba mi hai tng th chc chn c hai trng hp, chn tht, khng h di. Nu ti gia, chc chn v y lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun, chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng hnh ng theo chnh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu y l xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. V y c mt ngn con trai dung mo p , dng mnh, khng s, nhip phc c ch qun. V y thng lnh ton th ci t ny cho n bin c; khng dng ao gy m dng php gio ha khin cho an lc. Nu v y co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o, chc chn chng c qu Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ting tm vang di, mi phng u nghe. c Th Tn sau khi nghe nh vy xong, vo lc x tra, Ngi t ch

KINH TAM THAP NH TNG

390

ngh ngi ng dy, i n ging ng, tri ta m ngi trc chng T-kheo. Ngi hi cc T-kheo: Hm nay, cc ngi t hp ti ging ng cng nhau bn lun vic g? By gi cc T-kheo p: Bch c Th Tn, hm nay t tp ti ging ng, chng con cng nhau bn lun th ny: Ny Ch Hin, k diu thay, hy hu thay! Bc i nhn thnh tu ba mi hai tng th chc chn c hai trng hp, chn tht, khng h di. Nu ti gia, chc chn v y lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun, chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng hnh ng theo chnh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu y l xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. V y c mt ngn con trai dung mo p , dng mnh, khng s, nhip phc c ch qun. V y thng lnh ton th ci t ny cho n [493c] bin c; khng dng ao gy m dng php tr ha khin cho an lc. Nu v y co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o, chc chn chng c qu Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ting tm vang di, mi phng u nghe. Bch c Th Tn, chng con cng nhau bn lun vic nh vy, nn t tp ngi ti ging ng. By gi c Th Tn dy: Ny cc T-kheo, cc ngi mun Nh Lai ni v ba mi hai tng khng? Bc i nhn m thnh tu ba mi hai tng th chc chn c hai trng hp, chn tht, khng h di. Nu ti gia, chc chn v y lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun, chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng hnh ng theo chnh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu y l xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. V y c mt ngn con trai dung mo p , dng mnh, khng s, nhip phc c ch qun. V y thng lnh ton th ci t ny cho n bin c; khng dng ao gy m dng php gio ha khin cho an lc. Nu v y co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o, chc chn chng c qu Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ting tm vang di, mi phng u nghe.

KINH TAM THAP NH TNG 391

Sau khi nghe xong, cc T-kheo bch: Bch Th Tn, nay qu l ng lc. Bch Thin Th, nay qu l ng lc. Nu Th Tn ni cho cc T-kheo v ba mi hai tng, sau khi nghe xong, cc T-kheo s kho ghi nh. c Th Tn bo: Ny cc T-kheo, hy lng nghe, hy lng nghe, kho suy ngh, ghi nh! Ta s ging gii, phn bit rng ri cho cc ngi r. By gi cc T-kheo vng li, lng nghe Th Tn dy. Pht ni: Bc i nhn c lng bn chn bng phng1. l tng ca i nhn. Li na, lng bn chn ca i nhn c hnh bnh xe2. Bnh xe c y ngn cm. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, ngn chn ca i nhn thon di3. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, mu bn chn i nhn th ngay ngn4. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, pha sau hai bn mt c ca gt chn i nhn th y n bng phng5. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, hai mt c ni bn chn th nh cao v y6. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, lng trn thn th ca i nhn mc hng ln. l tng
Tc an bnh lp , Pli: suppatihitapda, lng bn chn y n; khi ng, tip xc hon ton vi mt t. 2 Tc h sinh lun , Pli: pdatalesu cakkni jtni. 3 Tc ch tim trng , Pli: dghagulin. 4 Tc chu chnh trc , Pli thay bng brahmujjugatta, thn hnh ngay thng nh ca Phm thin. 5 Tc ngn bnh mn , Pli: yatapah, Pligo-Buky-jiten (Shuzen Kumois Dictionary of Pli Buddhism) nh ngha l gt chn rng v di. Nhng, The Pli Text Societys Pli-English Dictionary nh ngha having long eye-lashes (c lng mi di). 6 Tc lng kha sung [+], Pli: usakhapda.
1

KINH TAM THAP NH TNG

392

ca bc i nhn. Li na, chn tay i nhn c mng li ging nh ca chim nhn cha. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, chn tay i nhn rt p, mm mi, xe ra nh hoa u-la7. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, da tht ca i nhn [494a] mn mng, bi nc khng dnh c. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, tng si lng trn thn ca i nhn, tng si lng mt mc l chn lng, mu xanh lng lnh nh mu ca c, xoay trn v hng phi. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, bp i nh bp i ca nai cha. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, m m tng8 ca i nhn ging nh ca nga cha tt. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, thn hnh i nhn cn xng p , ging nh cy ni-culoi9, trn di tng xng hon ton. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, thn th ca i nhn khng g cng. Thn khng cng ngha l ng thng m dui tay, s tn u gi. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, thn ca i nhn mu hong kim ging nh vng rng ta10. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, thn ca i nhn c by ch y n. By ch y n l hai bn tay, hai bn chn, hai vai v c. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, thn ca i nhn phn trn ln ging nh thn s t. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, quai hm ca i nhn nh s t11. l tng ca bc i nhn.
7 8

u-la hoa , Pli: tla, bng gn. m m tng , Pli: kosohitaguhya. 9 Ni-cu-loi th , Pli: nigrodha, cy a, hay mt loi cy sung n (Ficus Indica). 10 T ma kim , Pli: suvaavaa. 11 S t gip xa , Pli: shahanu.

KINH TAM THAP NH TNG 393

Li na, xng sng thng bng. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, trn hai vai lin tip qua c y n bng phng. l tng ca bc i nhn, Li na, i nhn c bn mi ci rng. Rng u y n, khng khuyt l, trng, trong, lng bc nht. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, ting ni ng a nh ting tri Phm thin, m thanh nh ting chim ca-lng-tn gi12. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, i nhn c li rng di. Li rng di l li khi l ra trm khp c mt. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, m mt13 ca i nhn rng nh ca tru cha. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, mt i nhn mu xanh bic 14. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, nh u i nhn c nhc k15 trn cn i, tc xoy c v hng phi. l tng ca bc i nhn. Li na, gia hai lng my ca i nhn c si lng trng mc xoy trn v hng phi16. l tng ca bc i nhn. Ny cc T-kheo, i nhn thnh tu ba mi hai tng ny, chc chn c hai trng hp, chn tht khng h di. Nu ti gia th chc chn v y lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun, chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng hnh ng theo chnh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu y l xe bu, voi bu, [494b] nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. V y c mt ngn con trai dung mo p , dng mnh, khng s, nhip phc c ch qun. V y thng lnh ton th ci t ny cho n bin c; khng dng ao gy m dng php gio ha khin cho an lc. Nu v

Gia-la-t-gi , phin m thng dng l ca-lng-tn-gi , Pli: karavka, ging chim cu gy, c bit trn Tuyt sn. 13 M mt, mi di, hay khe mt; Hn: tha l x , Pli: pakhuma. 14 Hn: cm thanh , mu xanh sm ; Pli: 15 Nhc k , chm tht trn nh u. Pli: uhsassa. 16 Thng gi l bch ho tng.

12

KINH TAM THAP NH TNG

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y co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, hc o, chc chn chng c qu Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ting tm vang di, mi phng u nghe. c Pht thuyt nh vy, sau khi cc T-kheo y nghe xong, hoan h phng hnh. q

60. KINH T CHU Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi Tn gi A-nan ni nhn tnh, ngi trm lng t duy v suy ngh nh vy: Ngi i tht him, t ai c th tha mn ni dc;1 t ai c s nhm tm, gh s dc cho n cht. Ngi i m c s tha mn ni dc, nhm tm, gh s cho n cht, qu l qu kh kim. Ri Tn gi A-nan, vo lc x chiu, t ch yn ngh ng dy, i n trc Pht, nh l, ri ngi qua mt bn v tha: Bch c Th Tn, hm nay con ch nhn tnh, ngi trm lng t duy, suy ngh nh vy: Ngi i tht him, t ai c th tha mn i vi dc; t ai c s nhm tm, gh s dc cho n cht. Ngi i m i vi dc c s tha mn, nhm tm, gh s cho n cht, qu l qu kh kim! Pht bo A-nan: ng nh vy, ng nh vy! Ngi i tht him, t ai c th tha mn ni dc; t ai c s nhm tm, gh s dc cho n cht. Ngi i m c s tha mn ni dc, nhm tm, gh s cho n cht, qu l qu kh kim! Nhng ny A-nan, trong th gian, nhng ngi i vi dc m khng tha mn, khng nhm tm, gh s cho n cht th tht qu nhiu! Tht qu nhiu! V sao? Ny A-nan, trong i qu kh, c vua tn l nh Sanh2 lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun, ng tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng hnh ng theo chnh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu y l: xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, [494c] c s bu v tng qun bu. l by bu. V y c mt ngn ngi con trai, mt my khi ng, dng mnh, khng khip s, nhip phc c ngi khc. V y thng lnh khp c ci t ny cho n bin c, khng dng ao gy, ch dng php tr ha, khin cho an lc.
1 2

No 40: ng s t . nh Sanh , Pli: Mandht; No.40: Vn--kit .

KINH T CHAU

396

Ny A-nan, mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau, vua nh Sanh y ngh rng: Ta c chu Dim-ph giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Ta c by bu; y mt ngn ngi con. Ta mun ngay cung in ny ma bu by ngy, dng n tn u gi. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, nn va khi tm a thch nh vy, tc th trong cung ma bu by ngy, dng n u gi. Ny A-nan, mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau, vua nh Sanh kia li ngh rng: Ta c chu Dim-ph giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Ta c by bu, y mt ngn a con, v trong cung ny, ma bu by ngy, dng n u gi. Ta nh tng nghe ni ngi xa ni rng, phng Ty c chu tn l C--ni3, giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Nay ta mun n xem chu C--ni. Sau khi n, ta s thng tr. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, nn va khi tm a thch nh vy, lin dng nh tc ci ln h khng m i, cng vi bn loi qun. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh trong pht chc lin n tr chu C-ni kia. Ny A-nan, sau khi n , vua ng tr chu C--ni sut v lng trm ngn vn nm. Ny A-nan, mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau na, vua nh Sanh kia li ngh: Ta c chu Dim-ph giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Ta c by bu, y mt ngn a con, v trong cung ny, ma bu by ngy, dng n u gi. Ta li c thm chu C--ni. Ta tng nghe ngi xa c ni rng, phng ng c chu tn l Phtb-t--4 giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Nay ta mun n xem chu Pht-b-t--. Sau khi n, ta s thng tr. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, nn va khi tm a thch nh vy, lin dng nh tc ci ln h khng m i, cng vi bn loi qun. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh
C--ni (Ty Ngu ha chu). No 39: C-da-ni . No 40: Cu-da-ni . Pl.: aparagoyna. 4 Pht-b-t-- . No 39: Pht-vu-i. . Pli: pubbavideha, chu Thng thn phng ng.
3

KINH T CHAU 397

trong pht chc lin n tr chu Pht-b-t-- kia. Ny A-nan, [495a] sau khi n , vua ng tr chu Pht-b-t-- sut v lng trm ngn vn nm. Ny A-nan, mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau na, vua nh Sanh kia li ngh: Ta c chu Dim-ph giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Ta c by bu, y mt ngn ngi con, v trong cung ma bu by ngy dng n u gi. Ta li c thm chu C--ni, c thm chu Pht-b-t--. Ta li tng nghe ngi xa c ni rng, phng Bc c chu tn l Ut-an-vit 5, giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c, h tuy khng c ng tng, khng c th dng ring6, nhng ta mun cng quyn thuc i xem chu Ut-an-vit, thng tr. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, nn va khi tm a thch nh vy, lin dng nh tc ci h khng m i cng vi bn loi qun. Ny A-nan, vua thy t trng bng phng t xa, bo cc cn thn: Cc khanh c thy t trng bng phng ca chu Ut-an-vit ny khng? Cc cn thn p: D thy, tu Thin vng. vua li bo: Cc khanh bit khng? l la t nhin ca ngi x Ut-an-vit. Ngi Ut-an-vit thng n loi thc n . Cc khanh cng nn n loi thc n . Ny A-nan, xa xa, vua nh Sanh li thy ti chu Ut-an-vit c bit bao loi cy qu bu, khoe mu sc trong lan can, lin bo cn thn: Cc khanh c thy bit bao nhiu loi cy qu bu, khoe mu sc trong lan can ti chu Ut-an-vit khng? Cc cn thn p: D thy, tu Thin vng.
5

Ut-n-vit (Bc Cu-l chu). Pli: Uttarakuru. Ngha l, khng c tng v t ng hay linh hn v khng c t hu hay s hu c nhn.
6

KINH T CHAU

398

Vua li p: Cc khanh bit khng? l th cy o7 ca ngi x Ut-an-vit. Ngi Ut-an-vit dng th y m mc. Cc khanh cng nn dng th y m mc. Ny A-nan, trong pht chc, vua n tr chu Ut-an-vit. Ny Anan, sau khi cng quyn thuc n , vua nh Sanh thng tr chu Ut-n-vit sut c trm ngn vn nm. Ny A-nan, mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau na, vua nh Sanh kia li ngh: Ta c chu Dim-ph giu c v cng, nhn dn ng c. Ta c by bu, y mt ngn ngi con v trong cung ma bu by ngy, dng n u gi. Ta cng c chu C--ni, cng c chu Phtb-t-- li c thm chu Ut-an-vit. Ta li tng nghe ngi xa ni rng, c ci tri tn l Tam Thp Tam Thin. [495b] Nay ta mun n thy Tam Thp Tam Thin. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn, nn va khi tm a thch nh vy, lin dng nh tc ci h khng cng vi bn loi qun, hng theo nh sng mt tri m i. Ny A-nan, t xa, vua nh Sanh thy trong Tam Thp Tam Thin, trn nh ni cha Tu-di, c mt vt ln nh mt m my ln, lin bo cc cn thn: Cc khanh c thy trn nh ni cha Tu-di trong ci tri Tam thp tam (c mt vt) nh mt m my ln y chng? Cc cn thn p: D thy, tu Thin vng. vua li bo: Cc khanh bit chng? l cy Tr 8 ca tri Tam Thp Tam Thin vy. Di gc cy ny, vo ma h thng t, cc v Tri Tam Thp Tam Thin vui chi vi y nm th dc lc. Ny A-nan, t xa, vua nh Sanh thy trong tri Tam Thp Tam
7

Y th . No 39: kip-ba-dc y th . Ngi y dng v cy lm y phc. 8 Tr th . Pli: pricchattaka.

KINH T CHAU 399

Thin, trn nh ni cha Tu di, gn v hng Nam c mt vt ging nh m my ln, lin bo cc cn thn: Cc khanh c thy trong tri Tam Thp Tam Thin, trn nh ni Tu-di, gn v m Nam, c mt vt ging nh m my ln khng? C thy, tu Thin vng. vua li bo: Cc khanh bit khng? l nh Chnh php9 ca Tam Thp Tam Thin. V Tri Tam Thp Tam Thin trong nh y, vo nhng ngy mng tm, mi bn hoc mi lm, v loi tri, v loi ngi m t duy v php, t duy v ngha. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh lin n ci Tam Thp Tam Thin. n ni, vua i vo nh Chnh php. , Thin Thch nhng mt na ch ngi cho vua nh Sanh v mi ngi. Vua nh Sanh lin ngi xung trn na ch ngi ca Thin Thch. By gi, vua v Thin Thch hon ton khng khc g nhau; nh sng v nh sng khng khc, mu sc v mu sc khng khc, hnh dung v hnh dung khng khc, oai nghi l tit v y phc cng khng khc nhau; ch c con mt nhy l khc nhau. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh kia mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau na, li ngh: Ta c chu Dim-ph giu c, hoan lc cng cc, nhn dn ng c. Ta c by bu, y mt ngn ngi con, v trong cung ma bu by ngy dng n u gi. Ta li c chu C--ni, c chu Pht-b-t--, c chu Ut-an-vit. Ta cng thy Tam Thp Tam Thin vn tp i hi. Ta c vo nh Chnh php ca Ch Thin, li c Thin Thch nhng cho mt na ch ngi, v ta ngi trn mt na ch ngi ca Thin Thch. Ta vi Thin Thch hon ton khng khc g nhau; nh sng khng khc, mu sc khng khc, hnh dung khng khc, oai nghi l tit cho n [495c] y phc cng khng sai khc, ch c con mt nhy l khc nhau m thi. Nay c l ta ui Thin Thch i, cp ly phn na ch ngi y m lm vua loi tri v loi ngi, t do t ti. Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh va khi nim nh vy, bt gic ri xung
9

Chnh php ng ; Pli: Dhammasabh, hi trng ca ch Thin.

KINH T CHAU

400

chu Dim-ph, lin mt nh tc, nhum bnh, au nguy kch. n lc sp cht, cc cn thn n bn vua hi rng: Tu Thin vng, nu c v b-la-mn, c s v k by ti hay thn dn no n hi cc h thn rng: Lc bng h nh Sanh vng ch bo nhng g? Tu Thin vng, cc h thn tr li th no cho B-lamn, c s hay thn dn y? vua bo cn thn: Nu c b-la-mn, c s, hay thn dn no n hi cc khanh rng: Lc bng h, vua ni nhng g? Th cc khanh Hy tr li nh th ny: Vua nh Sanh c chu Dim-ph, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh c by bu, nhng khi cht vn cha c tha mn. Vua nh Sanh y mt ngn ngi con, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh c by ngy ma bu, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh c chu C-ni, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh c chu Pht-b-t--, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh c chu Ut-an-vit, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh thy Ch Thin t hi, nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Vua nh Sanh hng y cc c tnh ca nm th dc lc, sc, thanh, hng, v, xc; nhng khi cht vn cha tha mn. Nu c v b-la-mn, hay thn dn no n hi cc khanh rng: Lc bng h vua nh Sanh ni nhng g? Th cc khanh nn tr li ng nh th. By gi c Th Tn c bi tng: Tri ma trn bo qu, Cha tha lng k dc. Ham mun: kh; no vui. K tr cn phi bit. Gi s c ng vng, Cao nh ni Hy-m, Vn cha my may; K tr ngh nh vy. c ng dc trn tri, Chng cho l vui. Dt i, khng m dc;

KINH T CHAU 401

L t Chnh gic. Ri c Th Tn bo: Ny A-nan, vua nh Sanh ngy xa y, ng cho l ai khc chng? Ch ngh nh vy. Nn bit rng, v y chnh l Ta vy. Ny A-nan, [496a] lc by gi Ta c li ch, cng lm li ch cho ngi khc, cho mi ngi, thng xt th gian, v tri v v loi ngi m cu ngha li li v li ch, cu an n khoi lc. Lc by gi, Ta ni php khng n ch rt ro, khng rt ro bch tnh, khng rt ro phm hnh. V khng rt ro phm hnh hon ton, lc y Ta khng la khi s sanh, gi, bnh, cht, khc than, o no, cng cha th thot ra ngoi mi kh au. Ny A-nan, hm nay Ta xut hin th gian, l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc Tu, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, hiu l Pht, Th Tn. Nay Ta lm li ch cho mnh, cng lm li ch cho ngi khc, cho mi ngi, thng xt th gian, v tri v v ngi m cu ngha li v li ch, cu an n khoi lc. Nay Ta thuyt php n ch rt ro, rt ro bch tnh, rt ro phm hnh. Khi rt ro phm hnh, Ta la khi s sanh, gi, bnh, cht, khc than, o no. Ta thot khi mi kh au. c Pht thuyt ging nh vy, Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe thuyt ging, hoan h phng hnh. q

61. KINH NGU PHN D Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, trong rng Thng Lm Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c mt v T-kheo ch nhn tnh, ngi t duy, suy ngh nh vy: C sc no thng tr, bt bin, hon ton ch c lc, tn ti vnh vin chng? C th, tng, hnh, thc no thng tr, bt bin, ch c lc, tn ti vnh vin chng? Vo lc x chiu, v T-kheo y t ch ngi yn tnh ng dy, i n ch Pht, ci u nh l ri ngi qua mt bn v bch: Bch c Th Tn, hm nay ch nhn tnh, con ngi t duy, suy ngh nh vy: C sc no thng tr, bt bin, hon ton ch c lc, tn ti vnh vin chng? C th, tng, hnh, thc no thng tr, bt bin, ch c lc, tn ti vnh vin chng? Pht bo T-kheo: Khng c mt sc no thng tr, bt bin, hon ton ch c lc, tn ti vnh vin; khng c th, tng, hnh, thc no thng tr, bt bin, hon ton ch c lc, tn ti vnh vin. By gi c Th Tn dng mng tay khi t phn b, bo T-kheo: Ny T-kheo, nay ngi c thy Ta dng mng tay khi cht t phn b chng? T-kheo [496b] p: Bch Th Tn, con c thy. Pht bo: Ny T-kheo, cng vy, khng c mt t sc no thng tr, bt bin, ch ton c lc, tn ti vnh vin; cng nh vy, khng c mt t gic, tng, hnh, thc no thng tr, bt bin, ch ton c lc, tn ti vnh vin. V sao? Ny T-kheo, nh li xa kia, trong mt thi gian di, Ta thng lm phc. Sau mt thi gian di lm phc y, Ta th qu bo an lc. Vo thu

KINH NGU PHAN DU 404

xa , Ta tu hnh v t tm trong by nm; tri qua by kip thnh hoi1 vn khng tr li th gian ny. Vo thi kip hoi, Ta sanh vo ci tri Hong dc2. Vo thi kip thnh, Ta sanh vo trong cung in trng khng ca Phm thin3, trong ci Phm kia, lm i Phm thin. Qua mt ngn ln ti sanh vo nhng ni khc, Ta lm Thin vng tri T ti; ba mi su ln ti sinh lm Thin Thch, ri li v lng ln ti sinh lm St-l nh Sanh vng4. Ny T-kheo, lc lm vua St-l nh Sanh, Ta c tm vn bn ngn tht voi ln c ph nhng ci rt p; dng cc bu bch chu lc5 trang sc, ph ln voi cha u n Vu-sa-h6. Ny T-kheo, lc Ta lm vua St-l nh Sanh, c tm vn bn ngn con nga c ph ln cc th ci p. Dng cc bu vng, bc, dao lc trang sc cho nga u n l nga Mao7. Ny T-kheo, lc Ta lm vua St-l nh Sanh, c tm vn bn ngn c xe, trang sc bng bn cnh, dng da vn qu bu mu ca cc th nh s t, cp, beo, dt thnh loi mu sc xen ln trang sc cho c xe dn u chy rt nhanh chng tn l xe Nhc thanh8. Ny T-kheo, lc Ta lm vua St-l nh Sanh, c tm vn bn ngn thnh ln, giu c cng cc, dn chng ng c, ly vng thnh Cux-ha-9 lm u. Ny T-kheo, lc lm vua St-l nh Sanh, Ta c tm vn bn ngn ngi lu; c bn loi lu bu, lm bng vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh;

Tht phn thnh bi , by ln thnh ri hoi ca th gii. Hong dc thin c: Quang m thin, Cc quang thin. Pli: bhassara. 3 Khng Phm cung in . Pli: sua brahmavimna; tham chiu D.1. Brahmajlasutta. 4 Pli: khattiyamuddhvasitta, vua Qun nh xut thn dng St-l. 5 Bch chu lc ;TNM: . 6 Vu-sa-h tng vng . Pli: Uposathangarja. 7 Mao m vng [+] . Pli: Valhaka-assarja. 8 Nhc thanh xa . Pli: Vejayanta ratha, c xe (=cung in) Chin thng. 9 Cu-x-ha- . Pli: Kusvati.
2

KINH NGU PHAN DU

405

ng u l Chnh php in10. Ny T-kheo, lc lm vua St-l nh Sanh, Ta c tm vn bn ngn ng ta; bn loi ta bu, bng vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh; tri ln bng cc th nm, chiu dt bng lng nm sc, ph ln bng nhng gm, the, sa trun, la l; c chn nm lt, hai u gi, tri thm qu bng da sn dng11. Ny T-kheo, lc lm vua St-l nh Sanh, Ta c tm vn bn ngn chic o song y, o s-ma 12, o gm, o la, o kip bi, o da sn dng13. Ny T-kheo, lc lm vua St-l nh Sanh, Ta c tm vn bn ngn ngi n, thn th nn n, sch s, sng sa, sc p hn ngi, khng thua Ch Thin, t dung oan chnh, ai nhn cng sinh a thch, trang im bng cc th vt bu, anh lc; [496c] tt c u thuc dng St-l. Ngoi ra, nhng ngi thuc dng khc th nhiu v s. Ny T-kheo, lc lm vua St-l nh Sanh, Ta c tm vn bn ngn mn n, ngy m14 thng dn ra cho Ta n. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn mn n kia, c mt mn ht sc ngon, sch s, c v lng mi v, l mn Ta thng n. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn ngi n kia c mt ngi thuc dng St-l, oan chnh p khc thng, hu h Ta. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn song y kia c mt chic o song y, hoc l o s-ma, hoc o gm, hoc o la, hoc o kip-bi15, hoc o da sn dng qu l Ta thng mc. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn ng ta kia, c mt ng ta lm
Chnh php in . Pli: Dhammapsda. Hn dch: gia-lng-gi-ba-ha-la ba-gi-tt-a-la-na . Pli: kadalimigapavara-pacchattharaa, thm lng bng da sn dng cc qu. 12 S-ma y ; Nguyn-Minh: s . Pli: khomapilotik, vi lanh. 13 Hn dch: gia-lng-gi-ba-ha-la . Pli: kadalimigapavara, da sn dng cc qu. 14 Trong bn i chnh c l tn d , sut m. y c l tr d . 15 Kip-bi y . Pli: kappsika, vi bng (gn).
11 10

KINH NGU PHAN DU 406

bng vng, hoc bc, hoc lu ly, hoc thy tinh; tri ln th dng nhng tm nm, nhng chic chiu dt bng lng nm sc; ph ln th dng gm, the, sa trun, la l, c chn nm lt, hai u gi, c tri thm qu bng da sn dng, l Ta thng nm. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn lu qun kia, c mt lu qun lm bng vng, hoc bc, hoc lu ly, hoc thy tinh, tn l Chnh php in, l ni Ta thng . Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn thnh ln kia, c mt thnh giu c cng cc, dn chng ng c, gi l thnh Cu-x-ha- l ch ta thng . Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn c xe kia, c mt c c dng da mu ca cc th nh s t, cp, beo dt thnh, mu sc xen k trang hong, chy rt nhanh chng, tn l xe Nhc thanh, Ta thng ngi ln, i n cc lu qun ngm nhn cc vn tc. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn con nga kia c mt con mu xanh bic, u nh chim, gi l nga Mao, l Ta thng ci, i n cc lu qun ngm cc vn tc. Ny T-kheo, trong tm vn bn ngn tht voi ln kia, c mt tht ton thn trng tot, by chi thy u ngay thng, gi l voi cha Vu-sa-h, l Ta thng ci i n cc lu qun ngm cc vn tc. Ny T-kheo, by gi Ta ngh rng: l nghip qu g, l nghip bo g, m ngy nay Ta c i nh tc, i oai c, i phc hu, i oai thn? Ny T-kheo, Ta li ngh: l ba nghip qu, l ba nghip bo, khin Ta ngy nay c i nh tc, c i oai c, c i phc hu, c i oai thn: mt l b th, hai l iu phc, ba l th h. Ny T-kheo, ngi hy qun st rng, tt c nhng g s hu16 u phi tiu dit, c n nh tc cng phi mt. Ny T-kheo, [497a] ngi ngh th no? Sc l thng hay v thng? p: Bch Th Tn, v thng.
16

Nht thit s hu ; TNM: s hnh .

KINH NGU PHAN DU

407

Li hi: V thng l kh hay khng phi kh? p: Bch Th Tn, l kh v bin dch. Li hi: Nu l php v thng, kh, bin dch, th a vn Thnh t c nn cho rng: Ci ny l ta, ci ny l s hu ca ta; ta l s hu ca ci kia chng? p: Bch Th Tn, khng. Vy th, ny T-kheo, ngi nn hc nh vy: Nhng g l sc, hoc qu kh, hoc v lai, hoc hin ti, hoc trong, hoc ngoi, hoc th hoc t, hoc p, hoc xu, hoc gn hoc xa; tt c nhng ci y chng phi l ta, chng phi l s hu ca ta, ta phi l s hu ca ci kia. Hy dng tr tu qun st, bit ng nh tht. Nhng g l th, tng, hnh, thc, hoc qu kh, hoc v lai, hoc hin ti, hoc trong, hoc ngoi, hoc th, hoc t, hoc p, hoc xu, hoc xa, hoc gn; tt c nhng ci y chng phi l ta, chng phi l s hu ca ta, ta phi l s hu ca ci kia. Hy dng tr tu qun st, bit ng nh tht. Ny T-kheo, nu a vn Thnh t qun nh th th lin nhm chn sc, nhm chn th, tng, hnh, thc. Do nhm chn m v dc; do v dc nn gii thot; sau khi gii thot th bit l gii thot, bit ng nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Sau khi, nghe Pht dy nh vy xong, T-kheo y kho ghi nhn, kho ghi nh, ri ch ngi ng dy, l chn Pht, i quanh ba vng ri lui. T-kheo y sau khi th nhn li gio ha ca c Pht, lin sng mt mnh, vin ly, tm khng bung lung, tu hnh tinh tn. V y sng mt mnh, vin ly, tm khng bung lung, tu hnh tinh tn, t n mc ch m v thin nam t co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o; l ch cu v thng phm hnh, ngay trong i hin ti, t bit, t ng, t thn chng, thnh tu an

KINH NGU PHAN DU 408

tr, bit ng nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Nh vy, T-kheo y, sau khi bit php, cho n chng c A-la-hn. Pht thuyt ging nh vy. T-kheo y sau khi nghe Pht thuyt ging, hoan h phng hnh. q

62. KINH TN-T-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHT Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc Ma-kit-, cng vi i chng T-kheo gm mt nghn v, u l nhng Bc V Trc Ch Chn1, trc vn l nhng o s bn tc2. Ngi i n p Ma-kit- thnh Vng x. By gi Vua x Ma-kit- l Tn-t-sa-la 3 nghe c Th Tn tr ti nc Ma-kit- cng vi chng i T-kheo, gm mt nghn v, u l nhng bc V Trc Ch Chn, trc vn l nhng o s bn tc, n p Ma-kit- thnh Vng x ny. Sau khi nghe vy, Vua Tn-t-sa-la nc Ma-kit- lin cho sp t bn loi qun, l qun voi, qun nga, qun xe, v b qun. Chun b bn loi qun xong, Vua vi ng v s thuc h, ko di trn mt do-tun, cng i n ch Pht. By gi t xa, c Pht thy Vua Tn-t-sa-la nc Ma-kit- i n, bn theo ng tt n di gc cy cha Thin tr ni-cu-loi4, tri nis-n ngi kit gi cng vi chng T-kheo. T xa, Vua Tn-t-sa-la nc Ma-kit- thy Th Tn gia cy rng, trang nghim p nh vng trng gia vm sao, chi li, sng ngi nh ni vng, tng tt vn ton, oai thn lng lng, cc cn vng lng, khng b ngn che, thnh tu t ch ng, tm t yn tnh. Sau khi thy Pht, Vua cng ty tng xung xe. Nu cc vua St-l c ri nc ln nh u lm bc Nhn ch, chnh tr ci t, c nm loi nghi trng, mt l kim, hai l lng, ba l m thin quan, bn l pht trn cn ngc, nm l giy thu. Nhng n y Vua ci b tt c, cng vi bn loi qun. Vua i b n trc Pht, nh l ri t xng danh tnh ba ln rng:

A-la-hn, dch ngha hoc v troc , hoc ch chn . y bnhn d mt t. 2 Bin pht . Pli: jailaka, y ch ba anh em Uruvelakassapa cng vi cc t, sau khi quy y Pht. 3 Ma-kit- vng Tn-t-sa-la . Pli: Bimbisra Magadharja. 4 Thin tr Ni-cu-loi th vng .

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT 410

Bch c Th Tn, ti l Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la5, Vua nc Ma-kit-. By gi c Th Tn bo: Ny i vng, ng vy, ng vy. i vng l Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la, Vua nc Ma-kit-. Sau khi Vua Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la nc Ma-kit- ba ln t xng danh tnh ri, nh l Pht v ngi qua mt bn. C ngi cho hi Pht ri ngi qua mt bn. C ngi chp tay hng v Pht ri ngi qua mt bn. C ngi xa thy Pht ri lng l ngi xung. By gi Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip6 cng ngi trong chng. Tn gi l v m nhng ngi nc Ma-kit- [497c] u ch n v cho rng, l bc i tn s, bc Chn nhn V trc.7 By gi nhng ngi x Ma-kit- u ngh rng: Sa-mn C-m theo Ut-t-la Ca-dip hc phm hnh chng? Hay l Ut-t-la Ca-dip theo Sa-mn C-m hc phm hnh? By gi c Th Tn bit ngh trong tm ngi x Ma-kit-, lin hng v Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip m ni bi tng: Ca-dip, thy nhng g, B la m n y? Ca-dip, ni Ta bit, L do khng th la? n ung, cc v ngt: V dc nn th la; Trong sanh8, thy nh vy, Cho nn khng a th.9
Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la . Pli: Seniya Bimbisra. Ut-t-la Ca-dip . Pli: Uruvela-Kassapa, anh c trong ba anh em, thuc hng tng s ca ngoi o bn tc. 7 V trc Chn nhn , t dch khc ca A-la-hn. Dn chng xem cc v ny l Thnh nhn, tc A-la-hn. 8 Hn: sanh trung, c l dch t tng ng Pli: upadhi: sanh y, hu y; ch kht i phin no lm cn c cho tn ti. Nhng Hn thng phin m l c-b m khng dch. 9 Tr li ca Ca-dip, Vin. i. 36 (Mahvagga): () eta malanti upadhsu atv,
6 5

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT

411

Ca-dip khng a, n ung, cc v mht. Sao khng a Tri, Ngi? Ca-dip, ni Ta r. Thy tch tnh, dit tn, V vi, khng dc hu;10 Khng thy Tri cao qu, Cho nn khng th la. Th Tn l ti Thng Lm; Th Tn khng t t; Thy cc php r rng, Con nhn php ti Thng Lm. By gi c Th Tn bo: Ny Ca-dip, ng hy hin hin nh tc cho chng hi ny c vui lng v tin tng. Lc Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip, bng nh tc nh th, bin mt khi ch ang ngi, t phng ng xut hin, bay ln h khng, hin bn oai nghi: i, ng, nm, ngi. Tn gi li nhp ha nh. Sau khi Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip nhp ha nh, trong thn lin pht ra v s tia la mu: xanh, vng, , trng, mu ha hp, mu thy tinh. Phn thn di phng ra la th phn thn trn phng ra nc; phn thn trn phng ra la th phn thn di phun ra nc. Cng vy, t cc phng Nam, Ty, Bc bay ln h khng, hin ra bn oai nghi: i, ng, nm, ngi. Tn gi li nhp ha nh. Sau khi Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip nhp ha nh, trong thn lin pht ra v s tia la mu: xanh, vng, , trng, mu ha hp, mu thy tinh. Phn thn di phng ra la th phn thn trn phng ra nc; phn thn trn phng ra la th phn thn di phun ra nc. Sau khi hin hin nh tc, Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip nh l di chn Pht v bch rng:

tasm na yihe na hute arajinti, sau khi bit l cu bn trong cc sanh y, con

khng con a thch hin t, t t. 10 Hn: bt dc hu . Cf. Vin. ibid.: akacana kmabhave asatta, khng cn am troc ci g trong dc hu.

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT 412

Bch Th Tn, Pht l Thy ca con. Con l t ca Pht. Pht thnh tu Nht thit tr. Con khng c Nht thit tr. [498a] c Th Tn bo: Tht vy, Ca-dip, tht vy, Ca-dip! Ta c Nht thit tr. ng khng c Nht thit tr. By gi Tn gi Ut-t-la Ca-dip v chnh mnh m ni bi tng: Ngy xa, khng bit g, Th la: cu gii thot, Tuy gi vn m ti, T, khng thy chn t. Nay con thy Thng Tch, Rng V Thng dy: V vi, thot ht kh, Thy ri, sanh t dt. Nhng ngi x Ma-kit-, sau khi thy nh vy, lin ngh: Khng phi Sa-mn C-m theo Ut-t-la Ca-dip hc phm hnh m chnh Ut-t-la Ca-dip theo Sa-mn C-m hc phm hnh. c Th Tn bit ngh trong tm ca ngi x Ma-kit-, lin thuyt php cho Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la, Vua nc Ma-kit- nghe, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi ngi dng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho vua nghe, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Ngi theo ng php ca ch Pht, trc tin ni php thun t,11 khin ngi nghe vui mng, y l thuyt v b th, thuyt v tr gii, thuyt v php sanh thin, ch trch dc l tai ha, sanh t l cu u, khen ngi v dc l diu o phm, bch tnh. Sau khi c Th Tn ni cho v i vng y nghe nhng php nh vy, Ngi bit Vua c tm hoan h, tm c tc, tm nhu nhuyn, tm kham nhn, tm tng thng, tm chuyn nht, tm v nghi, tm v tn, c kh nng, c sc lc th nhn Chnh php, nh cc php yu m ch Pht ging thuyt,12 c Th Tn ni cho vua nghe v Kh, Tp, Dit,
11

Hn: oan chnh php . Pl.: anupubbi-kath, php thoi c ni theo th t. 12 Pl.: buddhna smukkasik dhammadesan, php thai m ch Phtng

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT

413

o. Ngi dy: Ny i vng, sc l php sanh dit. i vng nn bit, sc l php sanh dit. Ny i vng, th, tng, hnh, thc l php sanh dit. i vng nn bit, thc l php sanh dit. Ny i vng, ging nh khi ma ln, trn mt nc ni bt hoc sanh hoc dit. Ny i vng, sc sanh dit cng nh vy. i vng nn bit sc l php sanh dit. Ny i vng, th, tng, hnh, thc l php sanh dit. i vng nn bit, thc l php sanh dit. Ny i vng, nu mt thin nam t bit sanh dit ca sc, s bit rng sc ng lai khng sanh tr li. Ny i vng, nu mt thin nam t no bit sanh dit th, tng, hnh, thc sanh dit, s bit rng thc ng lai khng sanh tr li. Ny i vng, nu mt thin nam t bit nh tht v sc s khng m trc sc, khng chp th sc, khng nhim sc, khng tr ni sc, khng hoan lc rng sc l ta. Ny i vng, nu mt thin nam t bit nh tht th, tng, hnh, thc, s khng m trc [498b] thc, khng chp th thc, khng nhim thc, khng tr ni thc, khng hoan lc rng thc l ta. Ny i vng, nu mt thin nam t khng trc sc, khng chp th sc, khng nhim sc, khng an tr ni sc, khng hoan lc cho rng sc l ta, ngi y khng th nhn sc tng lai. Ny i vng, nu mt thin nam t khng m trc th, tng, hnh, thc, khng chp th thc, khng nhim thc, khng tr thc, khng hoan lc rng thc l ta, ngi y khng th nhn thc tng lai. Ny i vng, thin nam t y v lng, khng th k xit, v hn, chng c tch tnh; nu x b thn ng un ny, khng cn th nhn un thn khc na. By gi, nhng ngi x Ma-kit- ngh rng: Nu nh sc l v thng; th, tng, hnh, thc l v thng, th ai lm, ai th nhn kh, lc? c Th Tn bit ngh ca nhng ngi x Ma-kit-, lin bo cc T-kheo rng: Hng phm phu ngu si khng hc, thy ng l ng m m trc ni ng, nhng thc ra khng c ng, khng c ng s. Ng vn khng, ng
dng.

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT 414

s vn khng; php khi sanh th sanh, php khi dit th dit; thy u do nhn duyn hi t m sanh kh. Nu khng c nhn duyn th cc kh lin dit. Chng sanh do duyn t hi lin tc m sanh cc php. Nh Lai sau khi thy chng sanh lin tc sanh ra nn ni c sanh c t. Ta bng thin nhn thanh tnh hn hn ngi thng, thy nh tht v chng sanh ny, lc t lc sanh, hoc p hoc xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x, hoc bt thin x, u ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to, v thy ng nh tht. Nu chng sanh no thnh tu c hnh ni thn, c hnh ni khu, , ph bng Thnh nhn, t kin v thnh tu nghip t kin, th do nhn duyn kia, khi thn ny hoi dit, mng chung, chng sanh y chc chn i n ch c, sanh vo a ngc. Nu chng sanh no thnh tu thin hnh ni thn, thin hnh ni khu, , khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin; th do nhn duyn , khi thn ny hoi dit, mng chung, chng sanh y chc chn i ln ch thin, cho n ci tri. Ta bit chng sanh kia nh vy nhng khng ni rng: l ng, ng y c cm gic, c ni nng, lm v sai lm, ng dy v khin ng dy, ni ny hay ni kia th nhn nghip bo thin c. y, hoc c suy ngh nh vy: iu khng hp l, iu khng ng vng. Hnh y l ng nh php l, nhn ci ny m ci kia sanh, nu khng nhn ci ny th ci kia khng sanh; ci ny c th ci kia c, ci ny dit th ci kia dit. Tc l duyn v minh c hnh cho n duyn sanh m c gi, cht. Nu v minh dit th hnh dit, cho n sanh dit th gi, cht dit. Ny i vng, i vng ngh sao, sc [498c] l v thng hay thng? Vua p: Bch Th Tn, l v thng. Li hi: Nu v thng, n l kh hay khng kh? Bch Th Tn, l kh, l bin dch. Nu php l v thng, kh, bin dch, th a vn Thnh t c nn cho rng: Ci ny l ta, ci ny l s hu ca ta; ta l s hu ca ci kia?

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT

415

Bch Th Tn, khng nn. Li hi: Nu v thng, n l kh hay khng kh? Bch Th Tn, l kh, l bin dch. Nu php l v thng, kh, bin dch, a vn Thnh t c nn cho rng: Ci ny l ta, ci ny l s hu ca ta; ta l s hu ca ci kia? Bch Th Tn, khng nn. Ny i vng, i vng nn hc nh vy: Nhng g l sc, hoc qu kh, hoc v lai, hoc hin ti, hoc trong, hoc ngoi, hoc th hoc t, hoc p hoc xu, hoc gn, hoc xa; tt c u chng phi l ta, chng phi l s hu ca ta; ta chng phi l s hu ca kia. Nn dng tr tu qun bit nh tht. Ny i vng, nhng g l th, tng, hnh, thc, hoc qu kh, hoc v lai, hoc hin ti, hoc trong, hoc ngoi, hoc th hoc t, hoc p hoc xu, hoc gn, hoc xa; tt c u chng phi l ta, chng phi l s hu ca ta; ta chng phi l s hu ca kia. Nn dng tr tu qun bit nh tht. Ng ca ta, chng phi l ca ta. Nn dng tr tu qun bit ng nh tht. Ny i vng, a vn Thnh t qun ng nh vy, lin nhm chn sc, nhm chn th, tng, hnh, thc. Nhm chn ri lin v dc, v dc ri, lin c gii thot, gii thot lin c tri kin gii thot, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, iu cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na". Lc c Pht ni php ny xong, Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la, vua nc Ma-kit xa la trn cu, php nhn v cc php sanh khi v tm vn ch thin, mt vn hai ngn ngi x Ma-kit- xa la trn cu, php nhn v cc php sanh khi. By gi Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la, Vua nc Ma-kit- thy php, c php, gic ng php bch tnh, on nghi, vt khi m hoc, khng cn tn th ai, khng theo ai na, khng cn do d, an tr ni qu chng, i vi php ca Th Tn m chng c v s y; lin t ch ngi ng dy, nh l di chn Pht v bch: Bch Th Tn, hm nay con xin t quy y Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo. Ci mong Th Tn nhn con lm u-b-tc, bt u t hm nay, trn i

KINH TAN-BE-SA-LA VNG NGHINH PHAT 416

con xin t quy y cho n lc mng chung. c Pht thuyt nh vy. Ty-ni Tn-t-sa-la, Vua nc Ma-kit- v tm vn Ch Thin, v mt vn hai ngn ngi x Ma-kit- cng mt ngn T-kheo, sau khi nghe Pht dy xong, hoan h phng hnh. 13 q

13

Bn Hn, ht quyn 11.

63. KINH T-B-LNG-K [499a11] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi Pht tr ti nc Cu-tt-la1. By gi c Th Tn v i chng T-kheo cng i trn ng; gia ng, Ngi mm ci rng r. Tn gi A-nan thy Th Tn mm ci, lin chp tay hng v Th Tn v bch: Bch Th Tn, do nhn duyn g Th Tn mm ci? Cc c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, nu khng c nhn duyn g, th khng bao gi ci sung. Con mong nghe c ngha y. By gi c Th Tn bo: Ny A-nan, chnh trong x s ny, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ngi ti ni y m ni php cho cc t. Lc Tn gi A-nan, ngay ti ch y, lin nhanh chng tri ch ngi, chp tay hng v Th Tn v bch: Bch Th Tn, ci mong Th Tn cng ngi ni y m ni php cho cc t. Nh vy, ch ny l s hnh ca hai c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. By gi c Th Tn ngi xung trn ch m Tn gi A-nan tri. Sau khi ngi xung Ngi bo: A-nan, trong x s ny, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, c ging ng. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, sau khi ngi trong , bn ging php cho cc t nghe. Ny A-nan, trong x s ny, xa kia c thn p, tn l T-b-lng-k2, giu c cng cc, dn chng ng c. Ny A-nan, trong thn p T-blng-k, c B-la-mn i trng gi tn l V Nhu, 3 giu c tt nh, ca ci v lng, sn nghip chn nui, khng th tnh ton, phong h, thc p y mi th. Ny A-nan, B-la-mn i trng gi V Nhu c ngi con tn l u

Cu-tt-la . Pli: Kosala. 2 T-b-lng-k . Pli: Vebhainga. 3 V Nhu , khng thy tn Pli.

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY 418

a-la Ma-np4, c cha m nung chu, ging di thun chng, cho n by i [499b] cha m, chng tc khng tuyt, i i khng pha tp,5 hc rng, nghe nhiu, c ht bn in kinh 6, thu trit nhn duyn, chnh vn, h l nm, cng vi c php v thuyt vn7. Ny A-nan, ng t u-a-la c ngi bn lnh lm th gm tn l Nan--b-la8 thng c ng t u-a-la yu thng, tng nh, a gp g khng chn. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la quy y Pht, Php v Chng Tkheo, khng nghi ng Ba ngi tn qu9, khng nghi hoc Kh, Tp, Dit, o; c tn, c gii, hc rng, a b th, thnh tu tr tu; xa la st sanh, on tr s st sanh, x b ao gy, bit tm, bit qu, c tm t bi, lm li ch tt c cho n loi cn trng. i vi tm nim st sanh, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la ly ca khng cho, on tr
u-a-la Ma-np . Pli theo y l Uttramava, nhng trong bn Pli tham chiu M.4 ni l Jotipla-mva. 5 Hn: sanh sanh v c ; y ni v dng di huyt thng; Pli, thnh c: anupakkuho jtivdena, khngb ch bai v phng din huyt thng (th sanh). 6 T in kinh , ch bn b Veda. Bn Pli: tia vedna prag, thng sut ba b Veda. 7 Hn: thm t nhn duyn chnh vn h ng c thuyt . Pli (Cf. D.i. tr.88): sanighaukeubhna skkharappabhedna itihsapacamna padako veyykarao, tinh thng ng vng, nghi qu, phn tch m vn, v th nm (k lun c tinh thng Thnh in Veda) l truyn thuyt lc, gii ng c, vn php. Tham chiu, No.99 (600), kinh 600: tng thuc cc kinh in, danh t ca vt loi, phm loi sai bit ca vn vt, phn tch v kt hp t loi, v th nm l lch th bn mt. Trong bn Hn, nighau (ng vng) c hiu l nidna (nhn duyn). Pli: keubha: sch v nghi qu, hay nghi thc; trong bn Hn: chnh vn. Pli: itihsa, truyn thuyt lc, hay truyn truyn k; bn Hn: h (chuyn ci). 8 Nan--b-la o s , theo y Pli c th l Nandipla. Nhng bn Pli tham chiu: Ghakra (th gm). 9 Hn: tam tn .
4

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY

419

vic khng cho m ly, ci g cho mi ly, vui lng nhn nhng g c cho; thng thch b th, hoan h khng bn sn, khng mong bo p. i vi tm nim khng cho m ly, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la phi phm hnh, on tr phi phm hnh, sing tu phm hnh, tinh tn tu diu hnh, thanh tnh, khng cu u, la dc, on dm; i vi tm nim phi phm hnh, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la ni di, on tr ni di, ni chn tht, a chn tht, an tr ni s chn tht khng cht di ng, hon ton ng tin cy, khng la di th gian. i vi tm nim ni di, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li, tu hnh khng ni hai li, khng ph hoi ai, khng nghe chuyn ngi ny ri mch li ngi kia, xi dc ph hoi ngi ny, khng nghe chuyn ngi kia, ri mch li ngi ny, xi dc ph hoi ngi kia, ai chia la th lm cho ha hp, ai ha hp th lm cho hoan h, khng lp b ng, khng a b ng, khng khen ngi b ng. i vi tm nim ni hai li, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la li ni th c, on tr li ni th c. Nu c nhng li th bo, hung c, tri tai, khin mi ngi khng hoan h, mi ngi khng thng mn, khin ngi khc kh no, khng c nh tnh, v y on tr li ni nh vy. Nu c nhng li ha nh, nhu thun, lt tai, va lng, khin c hoan h, c mn thng, khin ngi khc an lc, m thanh r rng, khng lm ngi s, khin ngi khc nh tnh, v y ni nhng li nh vy. i vi tm nim a ni th c, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim, ni ng lc, ni chn tht, ni v php, ni v ngha, ni v tch tnh, ni v vic a thch tch tnh, ni vic thun thi, thch hp, kho dy, [499c] kho qu trch. i vi tm nim a ni bg, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic kinh doanh bun bn, on tr vic kinh doanh bun bn, x b ong lng v u hc, x b vic nhn hng ha, khng ct tri ngi, khng trng mong s o lng

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY 420

t vy, khng v cht li nh m ln lt, la di ngi. i vi tm nim kinh doanh bun bn, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la nhn n b ga, ng n, on tr vic nhn n b ga, ng n; i vi tm nim nhn n b ga, ng n, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn n t, on tr vic nhn n t. i vi tm nim nhn n t, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn voi, nga, tru, d, on tr vic nhn voi, nga, tru, d. i vi tm nim nhn voi, nga, tru, d v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn g, heo, on tr vic nhn g, heo. i vi tm nim nhn g, heo, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn rung t, qun x, on tr vic nhn rung t, qun x. i vi tm nim nhn rung t, qun x, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn np, la, u sng, on tr vic nhn np, la, u sng. i vi tm nim nhn np, la, u sng, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic ung ru, on tr vic ung ru. i vi tm nim ung ru, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic dng ging sang, cao rng, on tr vic dng ging sang, cao rng. i vi tm nim dng ging sang, cao rng, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic eo vng hoa, eo chui ngc, thoa hng, nh phn, on tr vic eo vng hoa, chui ngc, thoa hng, nh phn. i vi tm nim eo vng hoa, chui ngc, thoa hng, nh phn, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic ca ma, xng ht hoc n nghe, xem, on tr vic ca ma, xng ht hoc n nghe, xem. i vi tm nim ca ma, xng ht v n xem, nghe, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn vng, bc, chu bu, on tr vic nhn vng, bc, chu bu. i vi tm nim nhn vng, bc, chu bu, v y tnh tr.

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY

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Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la la vic n qu gia tra, on tr vic n qu gia tra, thng n mt ba, khng n ban m, hc hnh n ng th. i vi tm nim n qu gia tra, v y tnh tr. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la trn i tay khng cm cuc, khng t tay o t, cng khng bo ngi khc o; nu t chn nc l ra, hoc t do chut o ln th ng ly lm gm, ri a ra cho ngi mua thy [500a] v ni rng: Cc ngi, nu c u on10, go gi, la mch, u ma ln nh, u b v ht ci, sau khi trt xung ri, ngi c mang gm ny m i, ty theo mun11. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la trn i hu h cha m, cha m m la ch trng cy vo v y; cho nn ng phi hu h. Ny A-nan, th gm Nan--b-la vo mt sng sm, i n trc c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. Khi n ni, ng nh l Ngi, ri ngi qua mt bn. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php cho ng, khuyn pht, lm cho kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho v y, khuyn pht, lm cho kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h xong, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic ngi im lng. Ny A-nan, sau khi c c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php, khuyn pht, lm cho kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h ri, th gm Nan--b-la t ch ngi ng dy, nh l di chn Ngi, i quanh ba vng, ri lui ra. By gi ng t u-a-la ci xe nga trng, cng vi nm trm ng t na, vo lc va sng, t thn p T-b-lng-k ra i, n mt khu rng12, mun gio ha cc t t nhiu nc n, dy chng c sch

10 11

Hn: on u , ging u H-lan. Hnh thc kinh t trao i. Pli: ettha yo icchati taulapabhivattni (-

pavibhattni, paivibhattni) v muggapabhivattni va kyapabhivattni v nikkhipitv ya icchati ta haratti, ai cn ci g ( gm), sau khi li y

nhng th d tha nh go, u xanh, u on, hy ly th cn ( gm) y i. 12 Hn: v s x , ch khu rng yn tnh. Pli: araa.

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY 422

B-la-mn 13. By gi ng t u-a-la t xa trng thy th gm Nan-b-la i n, lin hi: Nan--b-la, anh t u n? Nan--b-la p: Hm nay ti t ch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. Sau khi cng dng l bi Ngi xong, ti n y. Ny u-a-la, bn c th cng vi ti n ch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic cng dng, l bi Ngi? Khi y, ng t u-a-la p: Ny anh Nan--b-la, ti khng mun thy Sa-mn trc u. Sa-mn trc u khng th c o, v o kh chng c. Ri th, th gm Nan--b-la tm ly chm tc ca ng t u-a-la ko xung xe. Lc ng t u-a-la ngh: Anh th gm Nan--bla ny khng bn ct, khng khng, khng si, nay ko tc mnh chc c iu g? Ngh xong lin bo: Ny anh Nan--b-la, ti i theo anh, ti i theo anh! By gi Nan--b-la hoan h ni rng: Lnh thay, chng ta i! Th gm Nan--b-la v ng t u-a-la cng nhau n ch c Cadip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. n ni, hai ngi nh l ri ngi qua mt bn. Th gm Nan--b-la [500b] bch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic rng: Bch Th Tn, ng t u-a-la ny l bn ca con. Bn ny thng a n thm, thng thch n thm con, khng h nhm chn, nhng khng c lng tin v cung knh i vi Th Tn. Mong Th Tn kho lo thuyt php cho bn con, hoan h, khi lng tin v cung knh. By gi c Ca-dip Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php cho th gm Nan--b-la v ng t u-a-la, khuyn khch, pht khi lng ngng m, thnh tu tm hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho hai v y, khuyn pht, lm cho kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h xong, c Th Tn ngi im lng.
13

Phm ch th , sch ca B-la-mn.

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By gi, sau khi c c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php, khuyn pht, lm cho kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h, hai v lin t ch ngi ng dy, nh l di chn Ngi, i quanh ba vng, ri lui ra. Lc tr v, i cha bao xa, ng t u-a-la li hi: Ny anh Nan--b-la, anh c nghe php vi diu nh th t c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ti sao anh cn nh, khng th la b hc Thnh o? By gi th gm Nan--b-la p: Ny u-a-la, chnh bn bit ti phi trn i hu h, nui nng cha m; v cha m ti m la, ch trng cy mnh ti. Ti v hu h phng dng cha m vy. By gi ng t u-a-la hi: Ny Nan--b-la, ti c th theo c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic xut gia hc o, th gii C tc, lm T-kheo, tu hnh phm hnh c chng? Sau , th gm Nan--b-la v ng t u-a-la t ni y quay tr li ch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. n ni, h nh l Ngi, ri ngi qua mt bn. Th gm Nan--b-la bch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic rng: Bch Th Tn, ng t u-a-la ny tr v cha bao xa, li hi con rng: Ny anh Nan--b-la, t c Ca-dip Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, anh c nghe php vi diu nh th; ti sao anh cn nh, khng th la b hc Thnh o? Bch Th Tn, con tr li rng: Chnh bn r, ti phi trn i hu h, phng dng cha m. Cha m ti m la, ch trng cy vo mt mnh ti. Nh vy, ti phi hu h, phng dng cha m. u-a-la li hi: Ny anh Nan--b-la, ti c th theo c Ca-dip Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, [500c] xut gia hc o, th c tc gii, lm T-kheo, tu hnh phm hnh c khng? Bch Th Tn, mong Ngi cho bn con xut gia, hc o, truyn trao gii C tc cho bn con c lm T-kheo. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic im lng nhn li ca Nan--b-la. Sau khi bit c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic im lng nhn li, th gm Nan--b-la t ch

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY 424

ngi ng dy, nh l di chn Ngi, i quanh ba vng ri lui ra. Sau khi Nan--b-la i cha bao lu, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic cho ng t u-a-la xut gia, hc o, truyn trao gii C tc. Sau khi cho u-a-la xut gia, cho th c tc xong, Ngi thn p T-b-lng-k vi ngy, ri mang y, cm bt cng vi i chng T-kheo tr, mun n p Ba-la-ni, nc Ca-t14. n Ba-la-ni, Ngi tr trong vn Lc d ti Tin nhn tr x15. By gi, vua Gip-t16 nghe c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, ang tr trong nc Ca-t, cng vi i chng T-kheo, n Ba-la-ni, tr trong vn Lc d ti Tin nhn x. Nghe vy, Vua bo ngi nh xe: Ngi hy sa son xe, hm nay ta mun i n ch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. Ngi nh xe kia vng li Vua bo lin sa son xa gi, sa son xong, tu vi vua rng: Con sa son xe p, xin ty Thin vng. Vua Gip-t, ngi xe p, t Ba-la-ni ra i, n vn Lc d, ch tr x Tin nhn. T xa, vua Gip-t nhn thy, gia rng cy, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic trang nghim p nh vng trng gia vm sao, chi li sng ngi nh ni vng, tng tt vn ton, oai nghi lng lng, cc cn vng lng, khng b ngn che, hon ton t ch ng, lng tm tnh mc. Sau khi thy, Vua xung xe, i n ch c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, nh l, ri ngi qua mt bn. Sau khi vua ngi xung, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho vua, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h ri, Ngi ngi im lng. Sau khi c c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, khuyn khch khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h ri, Vua
Ba-la-ni Ca-t quc p . Pli: Bras, th ph ca nc Ks ng thi. 15 Tin nhn tr x Lc d vin . Pli: Isipatana-migadya. 16 Gip-b ; TNM: Tn-t . Pli: Kikin.
14

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lin ng dy, ko lch [501a] vai o ang mc, chp tay hng v Pht v bch: Mong Th Tn cng vi i chng T-kheo ngy mai nhn li mi ca con! c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, im lng nhn li mi ca vua Gip-b. Sau khi bit c Nh Lai im lng nhn li, vua ci u nh l, i quanh ba vng ri lui ra, tr v nh. m y, Vua h lnh sp sa cc mn n, thc ung ngon lnh, sch s, m diu, vi cc thc n loi cng, loi mm. Vic by bin xong ngay m y. Lc tng sng, vua tri ging ngi, ri sai ngi n bch Pht rng: Bch Th Tn, nay gi n, thc n sn sng, mong Th Tn n bit thi. By gi, vo lc sng sm, c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic mang y, cm bt v c chng T-kheo theo sau, i n nh ca vua Gip-b, ngi vo ch ngi pha trn chng T-kheo. Vua Gipb thy Pht v chng T-kheo ngi xong, t tay mc nc ra, t tay bng hu cc thc n, thc ung, y cc mn ngon, sch, m diu, khin cc Ngi n no. n ri dn bt, ly nc ra xong, vua ly gh nh ngi ring mt bn nghe php. Vua Gip-t ngi xong, c Cadip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php cho vua, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho vua, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h xong ri, Ngi ngi im lng. Sau khi c c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt php, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h ri, vua Gip-t t ch ngi ng dy, ko lch vai o ang mc, chp tay hng v c Nh Lai v bch: Mong Th Tn v chng T-kheo nhn li ca con m an c ma ma ti Ba-la-ni ny. Con xin xy ct nm trm gian phng, nm trm ging nm v cng th cu-chp17, cung cp np trng v cc
17

Hn: cu chp . T phn 52 (953c2): Nhm su t-kheo khoc tri cuchp da nhau, chc gho nhau.. Ng phn 26 (tr.171b16): Bt-nan- khoc ln tri cu-nhip , i 4 chn trong ti, da cc t-kheo. Pali, Vin. i. 281, kojava o chong hay chn bng lng d.

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mn thc phm [501b] th vua dng cng dng Ngi v chng T-kheo. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic bo vua: Thi, thi, i vng! Ch cn c tm hoan h l . Ba ln nh th, vua Gip-t chp tay hng v c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic tha: Mong Th Tn v chng T-kheo nhn li mi ca con m an c ma ma ti Ba-la-ni ny. Con xin xy ct nm trm gian phng, nm trm ging nm, v cng th cu-chp, cung cp np trng v cc mn n thc phm th vua dng vua cng dng Pht v chng T-kheo. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic cng ba ln bo: Thi, thi, i vng! Ch cn c tm hoan h l . By gi vua Gip-t khng nhn c, khng va , tm rt u su, ngh rng: c Ca-dip Nh Lai, Bc V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic khng nhn li mi ca ta m an c ma ma ti Ba-la-ni ny cng vi chng T-kheo. Ngh xong, Vua bch Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic: Bch Th Tn, c k bch y ti gia no phng s Th Tn ging con chng? c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic p: C, v ti thn T-b-lng-k giu c, hoan lc tt cng, nhn dn ng c, thuc lnh th ca i vng. Ny i vng, trong thn T-b-lng-k y c th gm Nan--b-la. i vng, th gm Nan-b-la quy y Pht, Php v chng T-kheo, khng hoi nghi Ba ngi bu, khng nghi hoc Kh, Tp, Dit, o, c tn, tr gii, hc rng, a b th, thnh tu tr tu, xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh, x b dao gy, bit h thn, c tm t bi, lm li ch cho n c tt c loi cn trng. i vi tm nim st sanh v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la ly ca khng cho, on tr vic khng cho m ly, ci g cho mi ly, vui lng nhn nhng g c cho; thng thch b th, hoan h khng bn xn, khng mong bo p. i vi tm nim khng cho m ly, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la phi phm hnh, on tr

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phi phm hnh, sing tu phm hnh, tinh tn tu diu hnh, thanh tnh, khng cu u, la dc, on dm. i vi tm nim phi phm hnh, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la ni di, on tr ni di, ni chn tht, a chn tht, an tr ni s chn tht khng cht di ng, hon ton ng tin cy, khng la di th gian. i vi tm nim ni di, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li, tu hnh khng ni hai li, khng ph hoi ai, khng nghe chuyn ngi ny ri mch li ngi kia, xi dc ph hoi ngi ny, khng nghe chuyn ngi kia, ri mch li ngi ny, xi dc ph hoi ngi kia, ai chia la th lm cho ha hp, ai ha hp th lm cho hoan h, khng lp b ng, khng a b ng, khng khen ngi b ng. i vi tm nim ni hai li, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la li ni th c, on tr li ni th c. Nu c nhng li th bo, hung c, tri tai, khin mi ngi khng hoan h, [501c] mi ngi khng thng mn, khin ngi khc kh no, khng c nh tnh, v y on tr li ni nh vy. Nu c nhng li ha nh, nhu thun, lt tai, va lng, khin c hoan h, c mn thng, khin ngi khc an lc, m thanh r rng, khng lm ngi s, khin ngi khc nh tnh, v y ni nhng li nh vy. i vi tm nim a ni th c, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim, ni ng lc, ni chn tht, ni v php, ni v ngha, ni v tch tnh, ni v vic a thch tch tnh, ni vic thun thi, thch hp, kho dy, kho qu trch. i vi tm nim a ni ph phim, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic kinh doanh bun bn, on tr vic kinh doanh bun bn, x b ong lng v u hc, x b vic nhn hng ha, khng ct tri ngi, khng trng mong s o lng t vy, khng v cht li nh m ln lt, la di ngi. i vi tm nim kinh doanh bun bn, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la nhn n b ga, ng n, on tr vic nhn n b ga, ng n. i vi tm nim nhn n b

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ga, ng n, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn n t, on tr vic nhn n t. i vi tm nim nhn n t, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn voi, nga, tru, d, on tr vic nhn voi, nga, tru, d. i vi tm nim nhn voi, nga, tru, d v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn g, heo, on tr vic nhn g, heo. i vi tm nim nhn g, heo, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn rung t, qun x, on tr vic nhn rung t, qun x. i vi tm nim nhn rung t, qun x, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn np, la, u sng, on tr vic nhn np, la, u sng. i vi tm nim nhn np, la, u sng, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic ung ru, on tr vic ung ru. i vi tm nim ung ru, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic dng ging sang, cao rng, on tr vic dng ging sang, cao rng. i vi tm nim dng ging sang, cao rng, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic eo vng hoa, eo chui ngc, thoa hng, nh phn, on tr vic eo vng hoa, chui ngc, thoa hng, nh phn. i vi tm nim eo vng hoa, chui ngc, thoa hng, nh phn, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic ca ma, xng ht hoc n nghe, xem, on tr vic ca ma, xng ht hoc n nghe, xem. i vi tm nim ca ma, xng ht v n xem, nghe, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, [502a] th gm Nan--b-la xa la vic nhn vng, bc, chu bu, on tr vic nhn vng, bc, chu bu. i vi tm nim nhn vng, bc, chu bu, v y tnh tr. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la la vic n qu ng, on tr vic n qu ng, thng n mt ba, khng n ban m, hc hnh n ng thi. i vi tm nim n qu ng, v y tnh tr.

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Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la trn i tay khng cm cuc, khng t tay o t, cng khng bo ngi khc o; nu t chn nc l ra, hoc t do chut o ln th ng ly lm gm a ra v ni vi ngi mua rng: Cc ngi, nu c u on, go gi, la mch, u ma ln nh, u b v ht ci, sau khi trt xung ri, ngi c mang gm ny m i, ty theo mun. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la trn i hu h cha m, cha m m la ch trng cy vo v y; cho nn v y phi hu h. Ny i vng, Ta nh lc xa c ln tr ti thn p T-b-lng-k. Ny i vng, by gi vo lc sng sm, Ta mang y, cm bt vo thn p T-b-lng-k kht thc; kht thc theo th t, Ta n nh th gm Nan--b-la. Lc , v bn cht vic, nn Nan--b-la i vng. i vng, Ta hi cha m Nan--b-la rng: Ny Trng lo, th gm by gi u? Cha m ngi y p: Bch Th Tn, a hu v bn cht vic nn tm thi i khi, khng nh. Bch Thin Th, a hu y v bn cht vic nn tm thi i khi nh, khng c nh. Bch Th Tn, trong r c cm go t, trong cho c canh u. Mong Th Tn thng xt chng con, ly dng theo Ngi. Ny i vng, Ta lin th nhn php Ut-an-vit18, ly cm canh trong r ri i. Th gm Nan--b-la, sau khi tr v nh, thy cm trong r cn t, canh trong cho gim bt, hi cha m rng: Ai ly bt cm canh? Cha m p: Ny con, hm nay c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic n y kht thc. Ngi ly cm v canh trong r, trong cho ri i. Th gm Nan--b-la nghe xong lin ngh rng: Ta c li ch ln lao, c cng c ln lao. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, i vi nh ta, Ngi ty t ti. Nh v y hoan h, ngi kit gi lng tm tnh mc sut by ngy, mi lm ngy sau vn cn hoan
18

Vit ; bn Minh: vit . Ngi Ut-an-vit (Uttara-kuru) sinh hot t cp.

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lc. Cha m trong gia nh y sut by ngy cng c hoan h. Li na, ny i vng, Ta nh xa c ln tr ti thn p T-b-lng-k, [502b] by gi vo lc sng sm, Ta mang y, cm bt vo thn T-blng-k kht thc. Kht thc theo th t, ta n nh th gm Nan--bla. By gi Nan--b-la v bn cht vic nn i vng. Ny i vng, ta hi cha m Nan--b-la rng: Ny Trng lo, th gm by gi u? Hai ngi y p: Bch c Th Tn, a hu y v bn cht vic nn tm thi i khi, khng nh. Bch c Thin Th, a hu y, v bn cht vic, i khi mt lt, khng c y. Bch c Th Tn, trong cho ln c cm np, trong cho nh c canh; mong c Th Tn thng xt chng con, ly dng theo ca Ngi. Ny i vng, Ta lin th nhn php Ut-n-vit, ly cm canh trong cho ln v cho nh ri i. Sau khi tr v nh, th gm Nan--b-la thy cm trong cho ln cn t, canh trong cho nh gim bt, hi cha m rng: Ai ly cm trong cho ln, ly canh trong cho nh? Cha m p: Ny con, hm nay c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic n y kht thc. Ngi ly cm trong cho ln v cho nh ri i. Nghe xong, th gm Nan--b-la ngh rng: Ta c li ch ln lao, c cng c ln lao. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic i vi nh ta, ty t ti. Nh , v y hoan h, ngi kit gi lng tm tnh mc sut by ngy, mi lm ngy sau vn cn hoan lc; cha m trong gia nh y sut by ngy cng c hoan lc. Li na, ny i vng, Ta nh xa kia c ln an c ma ma ti thn T-b-lng-k. By gi Ta mi lm nh cha kp lp. Nh lm gm c ca th gm Nan--b-la va mi lp. Ny i vng, Ta bo cc Tkheo ang ng hu rng: Cc ng hy n d nh c lm gm ca th gm Nan--b-la em v lp nh Ta. T-kheo hu h vng li Ta dy, lin n nh ca Nan--b-la v d nh c lm gm, b li ri mang v lp nh ca Ta. Cha m th gm Nan--b-la nghe d nh c

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lm gm lin hi: Ai d nh c lm gm ca Nan--b-la ? Cc T-kheo p: Trng lo, chng ti l cc T-kheo hu c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, n d nh c lm gm ca Nan--bla b li, mang v lp nh ca Ngi. Cha m ca th gm bo: Ch Hin, Ch Hin hy em i theo mun, [502c] khng c ai ngn cn u. Sau khi tr v, th gm Nan--b-la thy nh c lm gm b d, lin hi cha m: Ai d nh c lm gm ca mnh vy? Cha m p: Ny con, hm nay cc T-kheo hu c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, n d nh c lm gm, b li, em v lp nh ca Ngi. Nghe xong, Nan--b-la ngh: Ta c li ch ln, c cng c ln lao. c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic i vi trong nh ta, ty t ti. V vic y, v y hoan h, ngi kit gi lng tm tnh mc sut by ngy; mi lm ngy sau vn cn hoan lc. Cha m trong gia nh y sut by ngy cng c hoan lc. Ny i vng, nh c lm gm ca th gm Nan--b-la sut bn thng ma ma hon ton khng b dt. V sao nh vy? V nh oai thn ca Pht. Ny i vng, th gm Nan--b-la khng c iu g khng nhn c, khng c iu g khng thch th, nn tm khng u su, ngh rng: c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic i vi gia nh ta c ty t ti. Ny i vng, i vng c iu khng nhn c, c iu khng thch th, nn tm qu u su, ngh rng: c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic v chng T-kheo khng nhn li mi ca ta m an c ma ma ti Ba-la-ni ny. By gi c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic thuyt

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php cho vua Gip-t, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho vua, khuyn pht, kht ngng, thnh tu tm hoan h xong, Ngi t ch ngi ng dy v ra i. Khi c Ca-dip Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic ra i cha bao lu, vua Gip-b h lnh cho ngi hu cn: Cc ngi dng nm trm c xe cht y go, np v cc mn thc phm ca Vua, ch n nh th gm Nan--b-la v ni vi Nan--b-la rng: Ny Nan-b-la, nm trm c xe ny cht y go trng, v cc mn thc phm m Vua thng dng, do Vua Gip-t bo ch n tng cho ng. Mong ng thng xt; hm nay xin ng nhn cho. Lc , ngi hu cn vng li Vua, ly nm trm c xe cht y go trng, v cc mn thc phm ca vua, ch n nh th gm Nan--b-la. n ni, v y ni: Tha th gm Nan--b-la, nm trm c xe ny cht y go trng, v cc mn thc phm ca vua dng, do vua Gip-b bo ch n biu tng [503a] ng. Mong ng thng xt; hm nay, xin ng nhn cho. By gi th gm Nan--b-la t chi, khng nhn v ni vi cc ngi hu vua rng: Ch Hin, Vua Gip-t phi lo i s cho nc nh nn chi ph nhiu. Ti bit nh vy, nn khng th nhn. n y, c Pht bo A-nan: Ny A-nan, ng ngh th no? ng t u-a-la lc by gi, ng cho l ngi no chng? Ch ngh vy. Nn bit rng chnh l Ta vy. Ny A-nan, Ta lc by gi lm li ch cho chnh mnh, cng lm li ch cho ngi khc, lm li ch cho mi ngi, thng xt th gian. V loi tri v loi ngi m Ta cu ngha li, cu s li ch, an n khoi lc. Lc by gi ta thuyt php khng c rt ro, khng rt ro bch tnh, khng rt ro phm hnh. Khng rt ro phm hnh, nn by gi ta khng xa la c sanh, gi, bnh, cht, u su, khc lc, cng khng thot c mi kh au. Ny A-nan, nay Ta xut hin i, l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, hiu l Pht, Th Tn. Hm nay ta lm li ch cho chnh mnh, cng lm li ch cho ngi khc, li ch cho nhiu ngi, thng xt th gian. V tri v

KINH BE-BA-LANG-KY

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ngi m Ta tm cu ngha li, tm cu s an n khoi lc. Nay Ta thuyt php c rt ro, rt ro bch tnh, rt ro phm hnh. Do rt ro phm hnh, Ta la khi sanh, gi, bnh, cht, u su, khc lc. Nay ta thot c mi kh au. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht dy xong, hoan h phng hnh. q

64. KINH THIN S Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc X-v, tr trong rng Thng Lm Lm, vn Cp C c. By gi c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: Ta dng thin nhn thanh tnh, thy xa hn ngi, nhn thy chng sinh ny lc sinh lc t, sc p hoc xu, thin hoc bt thin, qua li ch lnh hoc ch chng lnh, ty theo nghip m chng sinh y to. Ta thy s kin y ng nh tht. Nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn c hnh, khu, c hnh, ph bng Thnh nhn, t kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch d, sanh vo a ngc. Cn nu chng sinh no [503b] thnh tu thn thin hnh, khu, thin hnh, khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch lnh, sanh vo ci tri. Cng nh lc ma ln, bt nc sanh ra ri dit. Nu ai c mt ng yn mt ni m qun st thy bt nc khi sinh, khi dit. Ta cng nh vy, bng thin nhn thanh tnh, thy xa hn ngi, nhn thy chng sinh ny lc sinh lc t, sc p hoc xu, thin hoc bt thin, qua li ch lnh hoc ch chng lnh, ty theo nghip m chng sinh y to. Ta thy s kin y ng nh tht. Nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn c hnh, khu, c hnh, ph bng Thnh nhn, t kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch d, sanh vo a ngc. Cn nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn thin hnh, khu, thin hnh, khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch lnh, sanh vo ci tri. Cng nh ma ln, git nc ri xung hoc ch cao, hoc ch thp. Nu ai c mt, ng yn mt ni m qun st nc thy lc git ch cao, lc git ch thp. Ta cng nh vy, bng thin nhn thanh tnh, thy xa hn ngi, nhn thy chng sinh ny lc sinh lc t, sc p hoc xu, thin hoc bt thin, qua li ch lnh hoc ch chng lnh, ty theo nghip m chng sinh y to. Ta thy s kin y ng nh tht. Nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn c hnh, khu, c hnh, ph bng Thnh

KINH THIEN S

435

nhn, t kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch d, sanh vo a ngc. Cn nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn thin hnh, khu, thin hnh, khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch lnh, sanh vo ci tri. Cng nh ngc lu ly, thanh tnh t nhin, sanh ra khng c t vt, cu u, tm gc kho trau chut, c xu qua bng si dy p hoc xanh, hoc vng, hoc , hoc en, trng. Ngi no c mt, ng yn mt ch m qun st ngc lu ly ny thy n thanh tnh t nhin, sanh ra khng c t vt, cu u, tm gc kho trau chut, c xu qua bng si dy p hoc xanh, hoc vng, hoc , en, trng. Ta cng nh vy, bng thin nhn thanh tnh, thy xa hn ngi, nhn thy chng sinh ny lc sinh lc t, sc p hoc xu, thin hoc bt thin, qua li ch lnh hoc ch chng lnh, ty theo nghip m chng sinh y to. Ta thy s kin y ng nh tht. Nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn c hnh, khu, c hnh, ph bng Thnh nhn, t kin, [503c] th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch d, sanh vo a ngc. Cn nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn thin hnh, khu, thin hnh, khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch lnh, sanh vo ci tri. Cng nh hai nh c chung ca ng, nhiu ngi ra vo. Nu ai c mt, ng yn mt ch th thy ngi ra, k vo. Ta cng nh vy, bng thin nhn thanh tnh, thy xa hn ngi, nhn thy chng sinh ny lc sinh lc t, sc p hoc xu, thin hoc bt thin, qua li ch lnh hoc ch chng lnh, ty theo nghip m chng sinh y to. Ta thy s kin y ng nh tht. Nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn c hnh, khu, c hnh, ph bng Thnh nhn, t kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch d, sanh vo a ngc. Cn nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn thin hnh, khu, thin hnh, khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch lnh, sanh vo ci tri. Nu ai c mt, ng yn trn lu cao nhn, thy ngi di thp qua li,

KINH THIEN S 436

i thay cch, ngi, nm, chy, nhy. Ta cng nh vy, bng thin nhn thanh tnh, thy xa hn ngi, nhn thy chng sinh ny lc sinh lc t, sc p hoc xu, thin hoc bt thin, qua li ch lnh hoc ch chng lnh, ty theo nghip m chng sinh y to. Ta thy s kin y ng nh tht. Nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn c hnh, khu, c hnh, ph bng Thnh nhn, t kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch d, sanh vo a ngc. Cn nu chng sinh no thnh tu thn thin hnh, khu, thin hnh, khng ph bng Thnh nhn, c chnh kin, thnh tu nghip chnh kin, th do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh ny chc chn i n ch lnh, sanh vo ci tri. Nu chng sinh no sinh nhn gian, khng hiu tho vi cha m, khng bit knh trng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, khng lm ng nh tht, khng to phc nghip, khng s ti i sau, th do nhn duyn y, khi thn hoi mng chung, chng sinh y sanh vo cnh gii ca Dim vng. Ngi ca Dim vng bt a n ch vua v tha rng: Tu Thin vng, chng sinh ny lc cn lm ngi, khng hiu tho cha m, khng bit knh trng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, khng lm ng nh tht, khng to phc nghip, khng s ti i sau. Mong Thin vng trng pht ng theo ti trng ca n. By gi, Thin vng dn Thin s th nht ra m tra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch chng sinh kia rng: [504a] Ngi c thy Thin s th nht n khng? Chng sinh p: Tu Thin vng, khng thy. Dim vng li hi: trong mt thn p c hi nhi b nh hoc nam hoc n thn th yu ui, nm nga gia phn v nc tiu, khng th ku cha m; cha m bng khi ch bt tnh, tm ra thn n cho c sch s. Ngi c thy cnh tng khng? Chng sinh y p: Tu Thin vng, c thy. Dim vng li bo:

KINH THIEN S

437

T v sau, lc ngi hiu bit, ti sao ngi khng ngh rng: Chnh ta l thuc s sanh, khng la khi sinh; ta nn lm nghip thin vi thn, khu v . ? Chng sinh y hi: Tu Thin vng, ti l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt chng? Dim vng p: Ngi qu l k bi hoi, suy vi lu, vnh vin mt mt. Nay ta s tra kho ngi nh tr k phng dt, sng phng dt. c nghip ca ngi khng phi do cha m lm, khng phi do vua, khng phi do Tri, cng khng phi do Sa-mn, B-la-mn lm. Chnh ngi t to nghip c bt thin, cho nn hm nay chc chn ngi phi th bo. Sau khi dn Thin s th nht ny ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch xong, li dn Thin s th hai ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch chng sinh kia rng: Ngi c thy Thin s th hai n khng? Chng sinh kia p: Tu Thin vng, khng thy. Dim vng li hi: Trc kia trong mt thn p, ngi h khng thy ngi n b hoc n ng, tui qu gi nua, sc sng r lit gn tn, rng rng, tc bc, lng cm, chng gy m i, thn th run ry? Chng sinh y p: Tu Thin vng, c thy. Dim vng li bo: Ngi t v sau, khi c hiu bit, ti sao khng ngh rng: 'Chnh ta l thuc s gi, khng la khi s gi; ta nn lm iu thin v thn, khu, . ? Chng sanh kia hi: Tu Thin vng, ti l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt chng? Dim vng p:

KINH THIEN S 438

Ngi qu l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt. Nay ta s tra kho ngi nh tr k phng dt, sng phng dt. c nghip ca ngi khng phi do cha m lm, khng phi do vua, khng phi do tri, cng khng phi do Sa-mn, B-la-mn lm. Chnh ngi t to nghip c bt thin, cho nn hm nay chc chn ngi phi th bo. Sau khi dn Thin s th hai ny ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch xong, li dn Thin s th ba ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch chng sinh kia rng: Ngi c thy Thin s th ba n khng? Chng sinh kia p: Tu Thin vng, khng thy. Dim vng li hi: Trc kia trong mt thn p, ngi h khng thy ngi n ng hoc n b bnh tt nguy khn, hoc nm ngi trn ging, hoc nm ngi trn chng, hoc nm ngi [504b] di t, thn th rt au n, au n cng cc, khng th i nim, mong sao rt ngn mng sng chng? Chng sanh y p: Tu Thin vng, c thy. Dim vng li bo: T v sau, khi ngi c hiu bit, nhng ti sao ngi khng ngh: Chnh ta l thuc s tt bnh, khng la khi bnh. Ta nn lm iu thin v thn, khu, . ? Chng sanh y hi: Tu Thin vng, ti l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt chng? Dim vng p: Ngi qu l k bi hoi, suy vi lu, vnh vin mt mt. Nay ta s tra kho ngi nh tr k phng dt, sng phng dt. c nghip ca ngi khng phi do cha m lm, khng phi do vua, khng phi do tri, cng khng phi do Sa-mn, B-la-mn lm. Chnh ngi t to nghip c bt thin, cho nn hm nay chc chn ngi phi th bo. Sau khi dn Thin s th ba ny ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy,

KINH THIEN S

439

kho qu trch xong, li dn Thin s th t ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch chng sinh kia rng: Ngi c thy Thin s th t n khng? Chng sinh kia p: Tu Thin vng, khng thy. Dim vng li hi: Trc kia, trong mt thn p, ngi c thy ngi n ng hay n b lc cht ri qua mt hai ngy cho n su by ngy b qu m, ch n, hoc la t, hoc chn xung t, hoc va nt tan? Chng sanh y p: Tu Thin vng, c thy. Dim vng li bo: T v sau, lc ngi c hiu bit, ti sao ngi khng ngh: Chnh ta l thuc s cht, ta khng la khi s cht. Ta nn lm iu thin v thn, khu, .? Chng sanh y hi: Tu Thin vng, ti l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt chng? Dim vng p: Ngi qu l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt. Nay ta s tra kho ngi nh tr k phng dt, sng phng dt. c nghip ca ngi khng phi do cha m lm, khng phi do vua, khng phi do tri, cng khng phi do Sa-mn, B-la-mn lm. Chnh ngi t to nghip c bt thin, cho nn hm nay chc chn ngi phi th bo. Sau khi dn Thin s th t ny ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch xong, li dn Thin s th nm ra hi k, kim xt k, kho dy, kho qu trch chng sinh kia rng: Ngi c thy Thin s th nm n khng? Chng sinh kia p: Tu Thin vng, khng thy. Dim vng li hi: Ngi trc y khng thy chng, ngi ca vua trc n k phm ti,

KINH THIEN S 440

tra kho, trng tr cch, nh cht tay, cht chn, hoc cht c tay chn; xo tai, xo mi, hoc xo c mi tai; hoc thi hoc ct; nh ru, nh tc, hoc nh c ru tc; hoc b vo trong ci, qun trong vi m t; hoc dng ct lp kn, dng c qun li m t; hoc b vo trong bng con la bng st, hoc b vo trong ming con heo bng st, [504c] hoc t vo trong ming cp bng st m t; hoc b vo trong cho bng ng, hoc b vo trong cho bng st m nu; hoc cht ra tng on; hoc dng cha nhn m m, hoc dng mc m mc; hoc bt nm trn ging st m di nc si; hoc cho ngi vo ci st, dng chy st m gi; hoc cho rn rt m; hoc dng roi da m qut, hoc dng gy m nh, hoc dng ho m phang; hoc treo sng ln ngn nu cao, hoc cht u em bu? Chng sanh y p: Tu Thin vng, c thy. Dim vng li bo: T v sau, khi ngi hiu bit, ti sao khng ngh: Nay ta hin thy iu c, bt thin? Chng sanh y hi: Tu Thin vng, ti l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt chng? Dim vng p: Ngi qu l k bi hoi, suy vi lu di, vnh vin mt mt. Nay ta s tra kho ngi nh tr k phng dt, sng phng dt. c nghip ca ngi khng phi do cha m lm, khng phi do vua, khng phi do tri, cng khng phi do Sa-mn, B-la-mn lm. Chnh ngi t to nghip c bt thin, cho nn hm nay chc chn ngi phi th bo. Dim vng dn Thin s th nm ny ra kho tra hi, kho kim xt, kho gio ha, kho qu trch xong, lin giao ph chng sanh y cho ngc tt. Ngc tt lin dn y giam vo trong i a ngc c bn ca. y c bi tng rng: Bn tr, c bn ca, Vch vung mi hai gc, Dng st lm tng ro,

KINH THIEN S

441 trn y np st. Trong ngc nn bng st, Hng hc la st nung, Sut v lng do-tun, Cho n tn y t. Cc c khng chu ni, Sc la kh nhn vo, Thy ri, lng dng ng, Khng khip, s, rt kh.

Chng sanh a a ngc, Chn treo, u chc xung, Do ph bng Thnh nhn, iu ng thin, Thnh thin. Mt thi gian tht lu xa v sau, trong bn ca ca i a ngc, ca pha ng lin m cho chng sanh kia. 1 Sau khi ca m, cc chng sanh y nhm chy n, mun tm ni an n, tm ch nng ta. Nu khi cc chng sanh y t tp khong v lng trm ngn, th ca phng ng ca a ngc lin t ng li. Chng sanh trong chu ng kh au cng cc, khc lc ku go, su mun, nm ln xung t, vn khng th cht c, ct lm cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Mt thi gian lu xa na, ca Nam, ca Ty, ca Bc li m. Khi ca Bc m, cc chng sanh kia lin nhm chy n, mun tm ni an n, [505a] tm ch nng ta. Cc chng sanh kia nu khi t tp n s v lng trm ngn, th ca Bc ca a ngc t nhin ng li. Nhng chng sanh trong chu kh au cng cc, khc lc, ku go, su mun, nm ln xung t, vn khng th cht c, ct lm cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Mt thi gian ht sc lu xa v sau na, cc chng sanh kia ra khi i a ngc Bn ca. Tip theo i a ngc Bn ca, cc chng sanh y li sanh vo i a ngc Phong nham 2 , la y bn trong, khng khi, khng la ngn, khin cc chng sanh y i trn la, qua li khp ni, da
1 2

Xem No 1(30) kinh Th k. Phong nham a ngc .

KINH THIEN S 442

tht, mu huyt i bn chn, bc xung th chy sch m d ln th sanh li nh c. a ngc y hnh h cc chng sanh y nh vy cho n v lng trm ngn nm, chu kh au cng tt vn khng cht c, ct lm cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Mt thi gian tht lu xa v sau, cc chng sanh y ra khi a ngc Phong nham. Tip theo a ngc Phong nham, li sanh vo i a ngc Phn th3, bn trong y dy phn, su n v lng trm trng. Cc chng sanh kia a ht vo trong . Trong i a ngc Phn th y c rt nhiu su. Su tn l Lng-c-lai4, thn trng u en, m nhn nh kim. Loi trng ny rc ra, c ph chn ca chng sanh kia; sau khi c ph chn, li c ph xng i; sau khi c ph xng i, li c ph xng bp v; sau khi ph xng bp v, li c ph xng bn ta; c ph xng bn ta xong, li c ph xng sng; c ph xng sng xong, li c ph xng vai, xng c, xng u; c ph xng u xong, li n sch no. Cc chng sanh kia chu bc bch v lng trm ngn nm nh th, chu au kh cng tt, vn khng cht c, cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Mt thi gian rt lu v sau, cc chng sanh kia ra khi a ngc Phn th. Tip theo a ngc Phn th, li sanh vo i a ngc Thit dip lm5. Cc chng sanh kia thy ri tng l mt m, ngh rng: Chng ta qua ni khoi lc y c mt m. Cc chng sanh y nhm chy n, mun tm ni an n, mun tm ch nng ta. Nu t tp c v lng trm ngn, th cc chng sanh y lin vo trong i a ngc rng cy l st. Trong i a ngc Thit dip lm , bn b c gi nng ln thi n; gi nng thi n th l cy bng st rng xung. L st rng ct la tay, ct la chn, hoc ct la c tay chn; ct la tai, ct la mi hoc ct la c tai ln mi v cc b phn cn li; ct thn mu chy v lng trm ngn nm, chu kh au cng tt, vn khng cht c, cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Li na, trong
Phn th a ngc , a ngc bng phn ct. Pli: Gtha-nirya. Lng-c-lai . 5 Thit ip lm , rng cy l st. Pli: Asipattavana-niraya, a ngc rng l gm (kim dip lm).
4 3

KINH THIEN S

443

i a ngc Thit dip lm y [505b] c ch rt ln xut hin, rng di thn tht, ngom c chng sanh kia, lt da t chn n u m n. Cc chng sanh y chu bc bch v lng trm ngn nm nh th, chu kh au cng tt vn khng th cht c, cho nghip c bt thin ca chng dt sch. Li na, trong i a ngc Thit dip lm y c con chim en ln, c hai u, m st, ng trn trn chng sanh, m sng con mt m nut; m v s ly no m n. Cc chng sanh y chu bc bch nh vy sut v lng trm ngn nm, chu au kh cng tt, cui cng vn khng cht c, cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Sau mt thi gian ht sc lu di, cc chng sanh y ra khi i a ngc Thit dip lm. Tip theo i a ngc Thit dip lm, cc chng sanh y li sanh vo i a ngc Thit kim th6. i kim th cao mt do-tun, mi nhn di mt thc su, chng sanh kia b bt tro ln tut xung. Lc mi t di leo ln cy th mi nhn chc xung; lc trn cy tut xung th mi nhn li dng ln; mi nhn ca kim th m sut thn chng sanh, m tay, m chn hoc m c tay chn; m tai, m mi, hoc m c tai mi v cc b phn khc na; m thn mu sut v lng trm ngn nm, chu au kh cng cc, rt cuc vn khng cht c, cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Mt thi gian lu di v sau, cc chng sanh y ra khi i a ngc Thit kim th. Tip theo i a ngc Thit kim th, cc chng sanh y li sanh vo a ngc Hi h7, c hai b rt cao bao quanh to thnh mi nhn. Trong sng c nc tro si v ti om. Cc chng sanh kia thy ri tng l nc mt, ngh rng s c8 mt. Sau khi tng nh vy, cc chng sanh y lin ngh: Chng ta n tm ra, tha h ung no, c mt m khoi lc. Cc chng sanh y tranh nhau chy n m vo trong , mun tm ni hoan lc, tm ch nng ta. Nu cc chng sanh y t tp chng v lng trm ngn, th lin rt xung sng tro. Sau khi ri
Thit kim th , cy bng gm st. Pli: simbalivana (chm th lm), rng cy kim. 7 Hi h , sng tro. Pli: Khrodak nad, sng vi. 8 Thng hu ; TNM: ng hu , s c.
6

KINH THIEN S 444

vo sng tro, c chng sanh tri ngc ri li tri xui. Lc cc chng sanh tri xui, tri ngc, tri c ngc xui th da chn r xung, ch cn li xng ty. Hai bn b sng tro c lnh a ngc, tay cm ao kim hoc cha st ln. Cc chng sanh y mun leo ln b, tc th lnh ngc y nhn xung. Li na, hai bn b sng tro c lnh a ngc tay cm mc cu ling xung, mc chng sanh t sng tro ln b vo ni st nng, la chy hng hc, mc [505c] chng sanh y a ln ri qut mnh xung t. Ri xung, chng sanh y ang qun qui, b ct vn: Ngi t u li? Cc chng sanh y cng p: Chng ti khng bit t u n, nhng hin gi chng ti ch s i lm. Lnh a ngc y lin xch chng sanh ling ln ging st nng, la chy hng hc, bt ngi trn , dng kp st nng kp vch ming ra, dng hn st nng ang chy hng hc, b vo. Hon st nng y t chy mi; chy mi xong, t chy li; chy li xong, t li rng; li chy xong, t cung hng; cung hng chy xong, t tim; tim chy xong, t rut gi; rut gi chy xong, t d dy; d dy chy xong hon st t thn ri xung. Cc chng sanh y b bc bch nh vy sut v lng trm ngn nm, chu kh au cng cc, rt cuc khng cht c, cho nghip c bt thin ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Li na, lnh a ngc y hi chng sanh: Ngi mun i u? Chng sanh p: Chng ti chng bit mun i u, ch s kht lm. Ngc tt lin xch chng sanh nm ln ging st nng ang chy rc, bt buc ngi trn , dng kp st nng, kp vch ming ra, ly nc ng si rt vo. Nc ng si t mi, t mi ri t li, t li ri t li rng, t li rng ri t cung hng, t cung hng ri t tim, t tim ri t rut gi, t rut gi ri t rut non, t rut non ri t d dy, t d dy ri nc y t thn chy xung. Cc chng sanh y chu bc bch nh vy sut v lng trm ngn nm, chu kh au cng tt, cui cng vn khng cht c, cho nghip c bt thin

KINH THIEN S

445

ca cc chng sanh y sch ht. Nu nghip c bt thin m nhng chng sanh a ngc kia khng dt sch, khng dt sch tt c, khng dt sch n mc khng cn lu d th nhng chng sanh y li ri vo i a ngc Sng tro, li chu cnh tro ln tut xung i a ngc Rng cy kim st, li vo i a ngc Rng cy l st, li rt xung i a ngc Phn th, li qua i a ngc Phong nham, li vo Bn ca i a ngc. Nu nghip c bt thin ca nhng chng sanh kia dt sch, dt sch tt c, dt sch n mc khng cn lu d, th nhng chng sanh y t v sau hoc a vo loi sc sanh, hoc a vo loi ng qu, hoc sanh vo ci tri. Nu lc y chng sanh vn l ngi m bt hiu vi cha m, khng bit tn knh Sa-mn, B-la-mn, khng lm ng nh tht, khng to phc nghip, khng s ti i sau th phi th kh bo khng kh i, khng kh nim, khng kh h nh vy, ging nh trong a ngc kia. Nu chng sanh kia vn l ngi m hiu thun vi cha m, bit tn knh Sa-mn, B-la-mn, lm ng nh tht, to nghip phc c, s ti i sau, th c th lc bu kh i, kh nim, kh h nh th, ging nh trong cung in ca thn H khng. Thu xa, Dim vng ti vin qun m nguyn rng: Thn mng ny mt, ta c sanh vo loi ngi. Nu c dng h no giu c tt cng, ca ci v lng, sn nghip chn nui, khng th tnh c, phong h thc p y mi th; dng h y l g? Tc l i trng gi thuc dng St-l, i trng gi thuc dng B-la-mn, i trng gi thuc dng C s. Nu c dng h giu c tt cng, ca ci v lng, sn nghip chn nui khng th tnh c, phong h thc p y mi th nh th, th ta mong sanh vo nh y. Sau khi sanh vo th gic cn thnh tu, mong c tnh tn php lut chn chnh do c Nh Lai ni ra. c tnh tn ri th co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng i sng khng gia nh m hc o. Con nh thin gia co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng i sng khng gia nh m hc o th ch mong cu v thng phm hnh, ngay trong i hin ti, t bit, t gic, t thn tc chng, thnh tu an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Thu xa, Dim vng trong vin qun nguyn nh th.

KINH THIEN S 446

By gi c bi tng rng: c Thin s cnh co, Ngi vn c phng dt, Chuc su no mi hoi, T y do dc che. c Thin s cnh co, Qu tht c thng nhn, Khng cn phng dt na, Kho ni diu Thnh php. Thy th l khip s, Mong cu sanh, lo dt, Khng th, dit khng cn, Th l sanh lo ht. Kia n ni an n, Hin ti vt qua, Vt khi mi khip s, Cng vt dng th gian.9 Pht dy nh vy. Sau khi nghe xong iu c Pht dy, cc T-kheo hoan h phng hnh. q

Bn Hn, ht quyn 12.

PHM 7: TNG NG VNG (II) TNG NGY TH HAI

Tiu th thnh

K tm tt: iu d, Thuyt bn, Thin ni lm, Thin kin, Tam thp d, Chuyn lun, Sau tt c T-t
65. KINH IU D 66. KINH THUYT BN 67. KINH I THIN NI LM 68. KINH I THIN KIN VNG 69. KINH TAM THP D 70. KINH CHUYN LUN VNG 71. KINH B-T

65. KINH IU D [506b12] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti thnh Vng x, trong rng Trc, vn Ca-lan-a. By gi Th Tn ni vi cc T-kheo: Thu xa, khi Chuyn lun vng mun th chu bu, lin cho tp trung bn loi qun l qun voi, qun nga, qun xe v qun b. Sau khi tp trung xong, vo lc m ti, vua cho dng cy trng phan cao v t ht chu trn , ri dn ra n ngoi cng vin. nh sng ca minh chu soi sng c bn loi qun. nh sng y chiu xa na do-tun. By gi c B-la-mn ngh rng: Ta nn n xem Chuyn lun vng v bn loi qun, nhn ngm ht chu lu ly. B-la-mn li ngh: Thi, hy b qua vic mun thy Chuyn lun vng v bn loi qun, nhn ngm ht chu lu ly, ta nn n khong rng kia. Ngh xong, B-la-mn lin n khu rng. Sau khi n ni, vo trong rng, B-la-mn n ngi di mt gc cy. Ngi cha bao lu, c mt con ri c1 i n. B-la-mn trng thy, hi: Xin cho Ri c! Ngi t u n v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, h y trc kia trn y mch nc trong, c nhiu ng sen, hoa v c, ra. Trc y ti ; nhng nay n kh rang. Bla-mn nn bit, ti mun b i, vo sng ln kia. Ti nay mun i; ch s loi ngi. Con ri c kia sau khi chuyn tr vi B-la-mn xong, lin b i. B-lamn vn ngi nh c. Li c chim cu-m2 n. B-la-mn trng thy, lin ni: Xin cho, Cu-m! Ngi t u n v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, h y trc kia trn y mch nc trong, [506c] c nhiu ng sen, hoa v c, ra. Trc y ti ; nhng nay n kh rang.
1 2

Tht th . Cu-m iu , khng r chim g.

KINH O IEU DU

448

B-la-mn nn bit, ti mun b i, n tr ng ch c nhiu xc tru cht kia, hoc ch c la cht, nhiu xc ngi cht. Hm nay ti mun i, nhng ch s loi ngi. Chim cu-m y ni chuyn vi B-la-mn nh vy ri b i. B-lamn vn ngi nh c. Li c kn kn3 n. B-la-mn trng thy, lin hi: Xin cho Kn kn! Ngi t u li v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ti t m ln ny n m ln khc, git hi xong ri n y. Nay ti mun n tht voi cht, nga cht, tru cht, ngi cht. Ti nay mun i; nhng ch s loi ngi. Kn kn ni chuyn vi B-la-mn nh vy ri b i. B-la-mn vn ngi nh c. Li c chim n b4 li n. B-la-mn trng thy lin hi: Xin cho n b. Ngi t u n v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ng c thy Kn kn va i n y khng? Ti n ci m n nh ra. Nay ti mun i nhng ch s loi ngi. Chim n b y ni chuyn vi B-la-mn nh vy ri b i. B-la-mn vn ngi nh c. Li c con si5 n. B-la-mn trng thy ri li hi: Xin cho Si! Ngi t u li v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ti t sui su ny n sui su khc, t bi rm ny n bi rm khc, t ch ho lnh ny n ch ho lnh khc. Nay ti mun n tht voi cht, tht nga cht, tht tru cht. By gi ti mun i nhng ch s loi ngi. Si ni chuyn vi B-la-mn nh vy ri b i. B-la-mn vn ngi
Thu iu . Thc th iu , chim n (do th khc) i ra. 5 Si th .
4 3

KINH O IEU DU 449

nh c. Li c con qu6 n, trng thy, B-la-mn lin hi: Xin cho Qu. Ngi t u n v mun i u? p: Ny B-la-mn, ng trn cng, si cung; sao li hi ti t u n v mun i u? Con qu mng vo mt B-la-mn ri b i. B-la-mn vn ngi nh c. Li c con i i7 n, B-la-mn trng thy lin hi: Xin cho i i! Ngi t u n v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ti t vn ny n vn khc, t n miu8 ny n n miu khc, t rng ny n rng khc; ung nc sui trong, n tri cy tt, ri n y. Nay ti mun i, khng s loi ngi. i i ni chuyn cng B-la-mn nh vy ri b i. Pht bo cc [507a] T-kheo: Ta ni cc th d y l mun cc ngi hiu r ngha. Cc ngi nn bit, ni cc th d y nh th, c ngha ca n. By gi, con th ri c ni chuyn vi B-la-mn nh vy ri b i, Ta ni th d ny c ngha nh th no? Gi s c T-kheo no nng vo thn p m sng9. Vo bui sng sm, T-kheo mang y m bt vo thn kht thc m khng th h thn, khng th h cc cn, khng an tr chnh nim, nhng v y li thuyt php; nhng php hoc do Pht thuyt, hoc do Thanh vn thuyt. Nh v y c li, nh c o chn, n, thc ung, ging nm, thuc thang, y cc nhu cu cho s sng. Sau khi c li, v y cng m trc xc chm mm mi10, khng thy tai ha, khng th x b, mc tnh th dng. T-kheo y thc hnh c
iu . Tinh tinh th . 8 Nguyn Hn: qun . 9 Y thn p hnh , tri vi hnh v s l T kheo a-lannh, sng trong rng. Xem cht.15, kinh s 26. 10 Hn: xc y .
7 6

KINH O IEU DU

450

gii, thnh tu c php, ng st b m, tr nn t mt, h bi, khng phi phm hnh m t xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m t xng l Sa-mn. Cng nh B-la-mn thy ri c bn hi: Xin cho Ri c! Ngi t u li v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, h y trc kia trn y mch nc trong, c nhiu ng sen, nhiu hoa v c, ra. Trc ti nhng nay kh rang. B-la-mn nn bit, ti mun b i vo sng ln kia. Gi ti mun i, ch s loi ngi. Ta ni, Tkheo y cng li nh th, ri vo trong php c, bt thin, cu u, to gc r ca s hu trong tng lai, to nhn kh bo, phin nhit ca sanh, gi, bnh, cht. Cho nn, T-kheo ch sng nh con ri c, ch nng vo phi php bo tn s sng. Hy tnh ha thn hnh, tnh ha khu hnh v tnh ha hnh, sng trong rng vng 11 , khoc y phn to, thng hnh kht thc, th lp kht thc, thiu dc tri tc, a sng vin ly m tu tp tinh cn, an tr ni chnh nim, chnh tr, chnh nh, chnh tu, thng nn vin ly. Nn hc nh vy. By gi chim cu-m n ni chuyn vi B-la-mn nh vy ri b i. Ta ni th d ny c ngha nh th no? Gi s c T-kheo no nng vo thn p m sng. Vo bui sng sm, T-kheo mang y m bt vo thn kht thc m khng th h thn, khng th h cc cn, khng an tr chnh nim, nhng v y li vo nh ngi m thuyt php; nhng php hoc do Pht thuyt, hoc do Thanh vn thuyt. Nh v y c li, nh c o chn, n, thc ung, ging nm, thuc thang, y cc nhu cu cho s sng. Sau khi c li, v y cng m trc xc chm mm mi, khng thy tai ha, khng th x b, mc tnh th dng. T-kheo y thc hnh c gii, thnh tu c php, ng st b m, tr nn t mt, h bi, khng phi phm hnh m t xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m t xng l Sa-mn. Cng nh [507b] B-la-mn thy cu-m bn hi: Xin cho Cu-m! Ngi t u li v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, h y trc kia trn y mch nc trong, c nhiu ng sen, hoa v c, ra. Trc y ti ; nhng nay n kh rang. B-la-mn nn bit, ti mun b i, n tr ng ch c nhiu xc tru cht kia, hoc ch c la cht, nhiu xc ngi cht. Hm nay ti mun i, nhng ch s loi ngi. Ta ni, T-kheo y cng li nh th, ri vo
11

Hn: v s .

KINH O IEU DU 451

trong php c, bt thin, cu u, to gc r ca s hu trong tng lai, to nhn kh bo, phin nhit ca sanh, gi, bnh, cht. Cho nn, Tkheo ch sng nh con cu-m, ch nng vo phi php bo tn s sng. Hy tnh ha thn hnh, tnh ha khu hnh v tnh ha hnh, sng trong rng vng, khoc y phn to, thng hnh kht thc, th lp kht thc, thiu dc tri tc, a sng vin ly m tu tp tinh cn, an tr ni chnh nim, chnh tr, chnh nh, chnh tu, thng nn vin ly. Nn hc nh vy. By gi kn kn ni chuyn vi B-la-mn ri b i. Ta ni th d c ngha nh th no? Gi s c T-kheo no nng vo thn p m sng. Vo bui sng sm, T-kheo mang y m bt vo thn kht thc m khng th h thn, khng th h cc cn, khng an tr chnh nim, nhng v y li vo nh ngi m thuyt php; nhng php hoc do Pht thuyt, hoc do Thanh vn thuyt. Nh v y c li, nh c o chn, n, thc ung, ging nm, thuc thang, y cc nhu cu cho s sng. Sau khi c li, v y cng m trc xc chm mm mi, khng thy tai ha, khng th x b, mc tnh th dng. T-kheo y thc hnh c gii, thnh tu c php, ng st b m, tr nn t mt, h bi, khng phi phm hnh m t xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m t xng l Sa-mn. Ging nh B-la-mn thy kn kn bn hi: Xin cho Kn kn, ngi t u li v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ti t m ln ny n m ln khc, st hi ri n y. Nay ti mun n tht voi cht, tht nga cht, tht tru cht, tht ngi cht. By gi ti mun i nhng ch s loi ngi. Ta ni th d y cng li nh vy. Cho nn T-kheo ch sng nh kn kn, ch nng vo phi php bo tn s sng. Hy tnh ha thn hnh, tnh ha khu hnh v hnh, sng trong rngvng, mang phn to y, thng hnh kht thc, th lp kht thc, thiu dc tri tc, a sng vin ly m tu tp tinh cn, tr lp chnh nim, chnh tr, chnh nh, chnh tu, thng nn vin ly. Nn hc [507c] nh th. By gi con chim n b kia ni chuyn vi B-la-mn ri b i. Ta ni th d y c ngha nh th no? Gi s c thy T-kheo no nng vo thn p sng. Vo lc sng sm, T-kheo y mang y cm bt vo thn xm kht thc m khng th h thn, khng th h , khng th h cc cn, khng an tr chnh nim. V y vo tht ca T-kheo-ni m thuyt

KINH O IEU DU

452

php gio ha; nhng php hoc do Pht thuyt, hoc do Thanh vn thuyt. T-kheo-ni kia i vo nhiu nh khc m ni tt ni xu th nhn phm vt ca tn th ri mang v cho T-kheo y. Nhn T-kheo y c li, nh c o chn, n thc ung, ging nm, thuc thang, y cc nhu cu cho s sng. Sau khi c li, v y m trc s xc chm mm mi, khng thy tai ha, khng th x b, mc tnh th dng. V T-kheo y thc hnh c gii, thnh tu c php, ng st b m, tr nn t mt h bi, khng phi phm hnh m t xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m t xng l Sa-mn. Ging nh B-la-mn thy chim n b ri hi: Xin cho n b! Ngi t u li v mun i u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ng thy con kn kn va i khng? Ti n ci m n nh ra. By gi ti mun i nhng ch s loi ngi. Ta ni T-kheo y cng li nh vy. Cho nn T-kheo ch sng nh con chim n b, ch nng vo phi php bo tn s sng. Hy tnh ha thn hnh v tnh ha khu hnh, hnh, sng trong rng vng, mang y phn to, thng hnh kht thc, th lp kht thc, thiu dc tri tc, a sng vin ly m tu tp tinh cn, tr lp chnh nim, chnh tr, chnh nh, chnh tu, thng phi vin ly. Nn hc nh th. By gi con si ni chuyn vi B-la-mn ri b i. Ta ni v d ny c ngha nh th no? Gi s c mt T-kheo sng ti mt thn ngho. Nu T-kheo bit trong thn p c nhiu bc tr tu tinh tn phm hnh th lin trnh i. Nu bit trong thn p v thnh quch khng c bc tr tu tinh tn phm hnh no th n , sut chn thng hoc mi thng. Cc T-kheo khc thy lin hi: Hin gi tr x no? T-kheo y p: Ti sng ti thn ngho kia. Cc T-kheo nghe xong lin ngh: Hin gi ny lm vic kh lm. L do v sao? V Hin gi ny c th sng ti thn ngho y. Cc T-kheo y lin cng cung knh, nh l, cng dng. Nhn v T-kheo y c li ch, nh c o chn, n thc ung, ging nm, thuc thang, y cc nhu cu cho s sng. Sau khi c li, v y li m trc thm, khng thy [508a] tai ha, khng th x b, mc tnh th dng. T-kheo y thc hnh c gii, thnh tu c php, ng st b m, tr thnh t mt, h bi, khng phi phm hnh m t xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m t xng l Sa-mn. Ging nh B-la-mn thy con si ri hi: Xin cho Si! Ngi t u li v i v u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ti t sui su ny n sui su khc,

KINH O IEU DU 453

t bi rm ny n bi rm khc, t chn ho lnh ny n chn ho lnh khc ri n y. Nay ti mun n tht voi cht, tht nga cht, tht tru cht, tht ngi cht. Gi ti mun i nhng ch s loi ngi. Ta ni T-kheo y li cng nh vy. Cho nn T-kheo ch sng nh con si, ch nn nng theo phi php bo tn mng sng. Hy tnh ha thn hnh, tnh ha khu hnh v hnh, sng trong rng vng, mang y phn to, thng hnh kht thc, th lp kht thc, thng hnh thiu dc tri tc, a sng vin ly m tu tp tinh cn, tr lp chnh nim chnh tr, chnh nh, chnh tu, thng phi vin ly. Nn tu hc nh vy. By gi chim qu mng vo mt B-la-mn ri b i. Ta ni v d y c ngha th no? Gi s c T-kheo no nng ni v s x ngho nn m an c ta h. Nu T-kheo y bit trong thn p v thnh quch c nhiu bc tr tu tinh tn phm hnh th lin trnh i. Nu bit trong thn p v thnh quch khng c bc tr tu, tinh tn phm hnh no th n hai, ba thng. Cc T-kheo khc thy, lin hi: Hin gi ta h ni no? p rng: Ch Hin, hin gi ti nng ni v s x ngho nn kia m an c ta h. Ti khng ging nh bn ngu si kia, lm sn ging chng, ri sng trong vi nm s y 12, bui sng ri bui chiu, bui chiu ri bui sng, ming chy theo v, v tri theo ming, cu ri li cu, xin ri li xin. Lc cc T-kheo nghe xong, lin ngh: Hin gi ny lm nhng vic kh lm. L do v sao? Hin gi ny c th nng ni xm rng ngho nn kia m an c ta h. Cc T-kheo y lin cng cung knh, l bi, cng dng. Nhn v T-kheo y c li, nh c o chn, n thc ung, ging nm thuc thang, y cc nhu cu cn cho s sng. Sau khi c li, v T-kheo y li m trc s xc chm mm mi, khng thy tai ha, khng th x b, mc tnh s dng. T-kheo y thc hnh c gii, thnh tu c php, ng st b m, tr thnh t mt h bi, khng phi phm hnh m t xng l phm hnh, khng phi Sa-mn m t xng l Sa-mn. Ging nh B-la-mn thy chim qu ri hi: Xin cho [508b] Qu! Ngi t u n v mun i v u? p: Ny B-la-mn, ng l k trn cng, cung si, lm sao hi ti rng: Ngi t u li v mun i v u? Ta ni T-kheo y li
12

Nm s, tham chiu No.125 (51.3) Tng Nht 49, tr.817b: 1. Li bing, 2. Ng nhiu, 3. Tm lon, 4. Cc cn bt nh, 5. Thch ch hn ch vng v.

KINH O IEU DU

454

cng nh vy. Cho nn T-kheo ch sng nh con qu, ch nng theo phi php bo tn s sng. Hy tnh ha thn hnh, tnh ha khu hnh v hnh, sng trong rng vng, mang y phn to, thng hnh kht thc, th lp kht thc, thiu dc tri tc, a sng vin ly m tu tp tinh cn, tr lp chnh nim, chnh tr, chnh nh, chnh tu, thng vin ly. Nn hc nh th. Con i i kia ni chuyn vi B-la-mn ri b i, Ta ni v d y c ngha th no? Gi s c T-kheo nng vo thn p m sng. Vo bui sng sm, T-kheo y mang y cm bt vo thn kht thc, kho th h thn, gn gi cc cn, vng vng chnh nim. T thn p kht thc ri, n xong. Sau khi thu xp y bt, ra tay chn xong vt ni-s-n ln vai, i n ni rng vng, hoc n di gc cy, hoc vo nh trng, tri nis-n m ngi kit gi, chnh thn, chnh nguyn, chuyn nim hng ni, on tr tham lam, mun cho mnh c tm khng no hi; thy ca ci v vt dng sinh tn ca ngi khc khng mng khi tm tham lam mong s c v mnh. i vi tm tham lam v y tnh tr. Cng vy, i vi sn nhu, thy min, tro hi, on nghi, hoc, trong thin php khng cn do d. i vi tm nghi hoc, v y tnh tr. V y tnh tr nm trin ci ny, chng lm cho tm cu u, tr yu km; ly dc, ly php c bt thin, cho n, chng c T thin, thnh tu v an tr. V y chng c nh tm nh vy, thanh tnh khng u, khng phin, nhu nhuyn, bt ng, hng n chng ng lu tn tr thng, ri v y lin bit nh tht rng: y l Kh, y l Kh tp, y l Kh dit v y l Kh dit o. Bit nh tht rng: y l lu, y l lu tp, y l lu dit v y l lu dit o. Sau khi bit nh vy, thy nh vy, tm gii thot dc lu, tm gii thot hu lu, tm gii thot v minh lu. Sau khi gii thot, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. Ging nh B-la-mn thy i i ri hi: Xin cho i i! Ngi t u li v i v u? p: Tha B-la-mn, ti t vn ny n vn khc, t n miu ny [508c] n n miu khc, t rng ny n rng khc, ung nc sui trong, n tri cy tt. Nay ti mun i, chng s loi ngi. Ta ni T-kheo kia li cng nh vy. Cho nn T-kheo ch sng nh loi ri c, ch sng nh chim cu-m, ch sng nh kn kn, ch sng nh chim n b, ch sng nh con si, ch sng nh qu, m nn

KINH O IEU DU 455

sng nh i i. L do v sao? Bi v Bc V trc chn nhn trong th gian ging nh i i. Pht thuyt nh vy. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

66. KINH THUYT BN Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti Ba-la-ni, tr Tin nhn a x, trong vn Lc d. By gi, cc T-kheo sau ba n tra, v mt nhn duyn nh nn t tp ngi ti ging ng cng bn lun vn ny: Th no Ch Hin, trong hng c s ti gia, ai l ngi th Thng Lm? Phi chng l ngi c cc T-kheo tr gii, diu php, thnh tu oai nghi n nh th thc? Hay l ngi m li lc c tng ln mi ngy, gp trm ngn vn ln? Hoc c T-kheo ni rng: Ny Ch Hin, li lc gp trm ngn vn ln th c ngha l g! Ch c iu ny l ch yu: nu c mt T-kheo tr gii diu php, thnh tu oai nghi m n nh th thc, ch khng phi l ngy ngy c li lc gp trm ngn vn ln. Lc , Tn gi A-na-lut cng ngi trong chng. By gi Tn gi A-nalut ni vi cc T-kheo rng: Ny Ch Hin, li lc gp trm ngn vn ln th c ngha g? Gi s c nhiu hn na th ch c iu ny l ch yu: nu c mt T-kheo tr gii diu php, thnh tu oai nghi n nh th thc, ch khng phi ngy ngy li lc cng tng gp trm ngn vn ln. V sao? Ti nh, thu xa, ti l mt ngi ngho kh nc Ba-la-ni ny, ch nh lm mt gnh ca khch m sng1. Lc y nc Ba-la-ni b hn hn, sng mc v trng hong lm cho ng cc khng th chn c. Nhn dn tng thiu, kim xin kh c. By gi c mt v Bch-chi-pht hiu l V Hon2, tr ti Ba-la-ni ny. Lc y, vo bui sng sm, Bch-chi-pht V Hon mang y cm bt vo Ba-la-ni kht thc. By gi ti i ra khi Ba-la-ni vo lc sm i lm mt. Ny Ch Hin, khi ang i ra, [509a] ti
1

Hn: qun thp . No.44: Gnh c i bn m t nui sng. Pli: ghsahraka, ngi thu nht thc n (ca gia sc). 2 V Hon . No.44: C v Duyn gic hiu l Ha-l . Pli: Upariccha.

KINH THUYET BON 458

thy t xa Bch-chi-pht V Hon i vo thnh. Lc Bch-chi-pht V Hon cm tnh bt i vo th no th lc i ra tnh bt vn y nh c. Ny Ch Hin, khi ti lm mt ri tr v Ba-la-ni, ti li thy Bchchi-pht V Hon i ra. Ngi thy ti lin ngh: Sng sm, lc Ta i vo th thy ngi ny i ra. By gi ta tr ra li thy ngi ny tr vo. Ngi ny c th cha n. Nay ta hy i theo ngi ny. Ri Bch-chipht i theo ti nh bng theo hnh. Ny Ch Hin, khi ti mang lm mt v n nh, b gnh xung v quay li nhn th thy Bch-chi-pht V Hon i n, theo sau ti bn gt, nh bng theo hnh. Ti thy Ngi, lin ngh: Sng sm, lc i ra, mnh thy v Tin nhn ny i vo thnh kht thc. By gi v Tin nhn ny c l cha c g n. Ta hy st bt phn n ca mnh cho Tin nhn ny. Ngh nh vy xong, ti lin mang phn cm b th cho c Bch-chipht v bch rng: Mong Tin nhn bit cho, cm ny l phn n ca con. V lng t mn, mong ngi thng xt nhn cho. By gi, v Bchchi-pht tc th tr li ti rng: C s nn bit, nm nay hn hn, sng mc v trng hong lm cho ng cc khng th chn c. Nhn dn tng thiu, kim xin kh c. Th ch c th bt phn na b vo trong bt ca ta v dng phn na kia, c hai cng c sng cn. Nh vy l tt ri. Ti li tha rng: Tin nhn, xin bit cho, trong nh con sn c cho, c bp, c ci, c thc go, n ung sm mun cng chng cn ng gi gic. Tin nhn, xin hy thng xt con m nhn ht thc n ny. By gi Tin nhn v lng t mn m nhn ht. Ny Ch Hin, ti nhn phc b th cho Tin nhn kia mt bt cm m by ln ti sanh vo ci tri, c lm Thin vng; by ln ti sanh vo loi ngi li lm bc Nhn ch. Ny Ch Hin, ti nhn phc b th cho Tin nhn kia mt bt cm m c sanh vo dng h Thch nh th ny3, giu c cng tt, sc vt chn nui v s, phng h, thc p, ca ci v lng, chu bu y . Ny Ch Hin, ti nhn phc b th cho Tin nhn kia mt bt cm

V Tn gi l anh em ch bc rut vi c Thch Tn, con ca Amitodana (Cam l Phn vng).

KINH THUYET BON

459

nn x b c a v ch nhn ca trm ngn th n4, vng bc v v s nhng ti vt khc na, xut gia hc o. Ny Ch Hin, ti nhn b th cho Tin nhn kia mt bt cm m c vua cha, vng thn, B-la-mn, c s v tt c nhn dn thy l tip i; bn chng T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, u-b-tc v u-b-di thy th knh trng. Ny Ch Hin, ti nhn b th mt bt cm kia m thng c ngi thnh cu th nhn n thc ung, o chn, [509b] m lng, thm dt, ging nm, thuc thang tr bnh v cc dng c cn cho s sng; khng g l khng c thnh cu. Lc by gi nu ti bit v Sa-mn y l Bc V S Trc Chn Nhn th phc bo c thu hoch chc chn gp bi, th nhn i qu bo cng c cc diu, nh sng soi chiu, thu sut rt rng, rt ln, cng khp. By gi Tn gi A-na-lut, bc V S Trc Chn Nhn5, c chnh gii thot, ni bi tng rng: Ti nh, xa ngho nn, Ch nht c m sng. Bt phn, cng Sa-mn V Hon ti thng c. Nhn sanh dng Thch, Tn l A-na-lut. Hiu rnh v ca v; Lm nhc, thng hoan h. Ti c gp Th Tn Chnh gic, nh cam l. gp, sanh tn tm, B nh i hc o. Ti bit c i trc, Bit ch sanh trc kia;

V trc i sng vng t ca Ngi rt phong lu v Mahnma - anh rut ca Ngi - kh khn lm mi thuyt phc c Ngi i xut gia. 5 Tc, mt v A-la-hn.

KINH THUYET BON 460

Sanh Tam Thp Tam Thin, By ln tr . by, y cng by; Th sanh mi bn ln, Nhn gian v thin thng, Cha tng a c o. Nay bit r sanh t, Ni chng sanh qua li; Bit tm ngi th phi; Hin thnh, nm lc th; Chng nm chi thin nh6, Thng nh, tm tnh mc7. chng c tch tnh Lin c tnh thin nhn. Mc ch l hc o; Vin ly, b gia nh; Nay ta t ngha y c vo cnh gii Pht. Ta khng vui s cht, Cng chng mong s sanh; Thi no cng t ti, Kin lp chnh nim tr. T-da-ly, Trc lm8, y, mng ta dt; Ngay di rng trc ny, Nhp V d Nit-bn.
Ng chi thin nh , Thin nh nm chi (Pli: pacagikasamdhi): tc bn cp thin trong S thin chia lm hai do s khc bit tm (Pl. vitakka) v t (Pal. vicra). 7 Pli: sante ekodibhvite, tch tnh, chuyn nht. 8 T-da-li Trc lm . Pli: trong Vajji-Veluvagma, mt ngi lng Vesali, x Vajj (Bt K); Anuruddha s nhp Nit-bn .
6

KINH THUYET BON

461

By gi, c Th Tn ch tnh ta, bng thin nh thanh tnh vt xa hn ngi thng, nghe cc T-kheo sau ba n tra t tp ti ging ng cng bn lun v vn y. Nghe xong, vo bui x chiu, c Th Tn ri ch tnh ta ng dy, i n ging ng, tri ch ngi trc chng T-kheo m ngi, ri hi rng: Ny cc T-kheo, hm nay cc ngi [509c] v chuyn g m t tp ti ging ng? Cc T-kheo p: Bch Th Tn, hm nay v Tn gi A-na-lut nhn chuyn qu kh m thuyt php nn chng con t tp ti ging ng. Ri th, c Th Tn ni: By gi cc ngi c mun nghe nhn chuyn v lai m Pht thuyt php chng? Cc T-kheo tha rng: Bch Th Tn, nay tht ng thi. Bch Thin Th, nay tht ng thi. Nu Th Tn nhn chuyn v lai m thuyt php cho cc T-kheo, th cc T-kheo sau khi nghe s kho th tr. c Th Tn ni: Ny cc T-kheo, hy lng nghe v kho m th tr, suy ngh, ghi nh! Ta phn bit din thuyt rng ri cho cc ngi. By gi cc T-kheo vng li ngi nghe. c Th Tn ni: Ny cc T-kheo, mt thi gian lu xa v lai, s c lc m nhn dn th n tm vn tui. Lc con ngi th n tm vn tui th chu Dimph ny giu c cng tt, an lc cng tt, dn chng ng c, thn p gn nhau bng khong cch ca con g bay. Ny cc T-kheo, lc con ngi th n tm vn tui th con gi n nm trm tui mi ly chng. Ny cc T-kheo, lc con ngi th tm vn tui9 th ch nhng bnh nh th ny: nng, lnh, i tiu tin, tham dc, n ung, gi10 v ngoi
T y tr xung, tham chiu kinh 70 phn sau. Tham chiu, Hn, No 1(6): kinh CHuyn lun vng tu hnh. Pli, D. 26 Cakkacattshan-suttanta. 10 Pli (D.26), chi c ba chng bnh: ham mun (icch), i bng (anasana) v
9

KINH THUYET BON 462

ra khng c tai ha no khc. Ny cc T-kheo, lc con ngi th tm vn tui c vua tn l Loa11, l Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l Php vng theo ng nh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu l: xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. l by bu. vua c y mt ngn ngi con trai, dung mo khi ng, dng mnh, khng khip s, hng phc c ch qun. vua thng lnh qu t ny cho n b bin, khng dng ao gy m ch em php tr ha, khin dn chng c an lc. C cy phn bng vng ln,12 c trang hong bng cc th chu bu, treo cao mt ngn khuu tay, chu vi mi tm khuu tay, s do vua dng ln. Sau khi dng xong, ngay pha di t chc b th cho Sa-mn, B-la-mn, ngi ngho kh c c t cc phng xa li xin, em n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, khn qun v cung cp du n... Sau khi b th nh vy, vua co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Mc ch m thin gia nam t kia co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, duy ch cu c v thng phm hnh, ngay trong i ny m t tri t gic, t thn chng ng, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. By gi c Tn gi [510a] A-di-a13 ang ngi trong chng. Tn gi Adi-a t ch ngi ng dy, ko lch tay o ang mc, chp tay hng v c Pht m bch rng: Bch Th Tn! Mt thi gian lu di v lai, lc con ngi th n tm
gi (jra). Loa . Pli: Sakha (tng-kh, v s). 12 i kim trng . Xem No 1(6): i bo trng . D. 26 (iii 76): so ypo ra mahpandena krpito, vua cho dng cung in c thit lp bi vua Mahpanda. Trong , ypa: ct t n, cng c ngha cung in. 13 A-di-a . Pli: Ajita. Trong bn kinh ny, A-di-a (Ajita) v Di-lc (Mettaya) l hai nhn vt c th k, mt ngi lm vua v mt ngi lm Pht.
11

KINH THUYET BON

463

vn tui, con s c th c lm vua, hiu l Loa, l Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l v Php vng theo ng nh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu l xe bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu, l by bu. Con s c mt ngn ngi con dung mo khi ng, dng mnh khng khip s, hng phc c ch qun. Con s thng lnh trn qu t ny cho n bin c, khng dng dao gy, ch em php gio ha, khin cho nhn dn an lc. Con s c cy phn ln bng vng, c trang hong bng cc loi chu bu, treo cao mt ngn khuu tay, do con dng ln. Sau khi dng xong, ngay bn di, t chc b th cho hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, k khn kh c c t phng xa li xin, em n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, nm lng, khn qun v cung cp n du. Sau khi b th xong, con lin co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, xut gia hc o. Con s v mc ch m thin gia nam t co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, duy ch cu c v thng phm hnh, ngay trong i ny m t tri t gic, t thn chng ng, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. By gi c Th Tn qu Tn gi A-di-a rng: Ngi l k ngu si, ch nn cht thm mt ln, sao li mong mt ln ti sanh na? V sao nh th? V ngi ngh rng: Bch Th Tn! Mt thi gian lu di v lai, lc con ngi th n tm vn tui, con c th c lm vua, hiu l Loa, l Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l v Php vng theo ng nh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu l xe bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu, l by bu. Con c mt ngn ngi con dung mo khi ng, dng mnh khng khip s, hng phc c ch qun. Con thng lnh trn qu t ny cho n bin c, khng dng dao gy, ch em php gio ha, khin cho nhn dn an lc. Con c cy phn ln bng vng, c trang hong bng cc loi chu bu, treo cao mt ngn khuu tay, do con dng ln. Sau khi dng xong, ngay bn di, t chc b th cho hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, k khn kh c c t [510b] phng xa li xin, em n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, nm lng, khn qun v cung cp n du.

KINH THUYET BON 464

Sau khi b th xong, con lin co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, xut gia hc o. Con v mc ch m thin gia nam t co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, duy ch cu c v thng phm hnh, ngay trong i ny m t tri t gic, t thn chng ng, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. c Th Tn bo rng: Ny A-di-a! Mt thi gian lu di v lai, ngi s lm vua hiu l Loa, mt v Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l v Php vng theo ng nh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu l xe bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu v tng qun bu, l by bu. Ngi s c mt ngn ngi con dung mo khi ng, dng mnh khng khip s, hng phc c ch qun. Ngi s thng lnh ton qu t ny cho n bin c, khng dng dao gy, ch em php gio ha khin cho nhn dn an lc. Ngi s c mt cy phn ln bng vng, c trang hong bng cc loi chu bu, dng cao mt ngn khuu tay, do ngi dng ln. Sau khi dng ln, ngay bn di, t chc b th cho hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, k cng kh, c c t cc phng xa li xin; em n, thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, nm lng, khn qun, cung cp n du... Sau khi b th xong, ngi lin co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ngi v mc ch m thin gia nam t co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, ch v cu v thng phm hnh, ngay trong i hin ti m t tri, t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. c Pht bo cc T-kheo: Mt thi gian lu di thi v lai, lc con ngi th tm vn tui s c c Pht hiu l Di-lc 14, Nh Lai V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic,

14

Di-lc . Pli: Mettayya.

KINH THUYET BON

465

Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn; cng nh hm nay Ta thnh v Nh Lai V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. c Pht y trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, Bla-mn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh hm nay Ta trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. c Pht y s thuyt php, phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Cng nh Ta hm nay, thuyt php phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. c Pht y s qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi, hin hin. Cng nh Ta hm nay qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi, hin hin. c Pht y s c v lng trm ngn chng T-kheo, cng nh Ta hm nay c v lng trm ngn chng T-kheo15. By gi Tn gi Di-lc ang trong chng y, t ch ngi ng dy, ko lch o ang mc, vng tay hng v c Pht, tha rng: Bch Th Tn! Mt thi gian lu di thi v lai, lc con ngi th mng n tm vn tui, con s thnh Pht hiu l Di-lc Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. Cng nh by gi c Th Tn l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. Con s trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn,
Pli: so anekasahassam (seyyath piham) anekasatam v y c vi nghn (cng nh Ta) c vi trm
15

KINH THUYET BON 466

t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh hm nay Th Tn trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Con s thuyt php, phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Cng nh Th Tn hm nay, thuyt php phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Con s qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi, hin hin. Cng nh Th Tn hm nay qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi hin hin. Con s c v lng trm ngn chng T-kheo, cng nh hin gi Th Tn c v lng trm ngn chng T-kheo. By gi c Th Tn tn thn Tn gi Di-lc rng: Lnh thay! Lnh thay! Di-lc, ngi pht tm cc diu l dn lnh i chng. L do v sao? V ngi ngh: Bch Th Tn! Mt thi gian lu di thi v lai, lc con ngi th mng n tm vn tui, con s [511a] thnh Pht hiu l Di-lc Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin th, Th gian gii, V thng s, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin nhn s, Pht, Th Tn. Cng nh by gi c Th Tn l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. Con s trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh hm nay Th Tn trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-lamn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Con s thuyt php, phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Cng nh Th Tn hm nay, thuyt php phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Con s qung din, lu b phm hnh vi

KINH THUYET BON

467

nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi, hin hin. Cng nh Th Tn hm nay qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi hin hin. c Pht li ni: Ny Di-lc, vo mt thi gian lu di thi v lai, lc con ngi th n tm vn tui, ngi s thnh Pht hiu l Di-lc Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. Ging nh Ta hin nay l Nh Lai V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. Ngi s trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-lamn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh hm nay Ta trong i ny gm Ch Thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, t ngi cho n tri, m t tri t gic, t thn chng c, thnh tu v an tr. Ngi s thuyt php, phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Cng nh Ta hm nay, thuyt php phn u vi diu, phn gia vi diu v phn sau cng vi diu, c ngha, c vn, hin hin phm hnh y thanh tnh. Ngi s qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi, hin hin. Cng nh Ta hm nay qung din, lu b phm hnh vi nhng i hi v lng, t ngi cho n tri, kho pht khi hin hin. Ngi s c v lng trm ngn chng T-kheo, cng nh hin gi Ta c v lng trm ngn chng T-kheo. By gi, Tn gi A-nan cm qut ng hu Pht. Lc , [511b] c Th Tn quay li bo: Ny A-nan, ngi hy ly tm y c dt bng si t vng dt mang li y. Nay Ta mun cho T-kheo Di-lc. By gi Tn gi A-nan vng li c Th Tn, lin ly tm y c dt bng si t vng dt mang li trao cho c Th Tn. Sau khi c Th Tn nhn tm y c dt bng ch vng t Tn gi A-nan, Ngi bo:

KINH THUYET BON 468

Ny Di-lc, ngi hy nhn tm y c dt bng ch vng ny t Nh Lai m b th cho Pht, Php v i chng. L do v sao? Ny Di-lc, cc c Nh Lai V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic v mun cu h th gian v mong cu thin li v hu ch, mong an n khoi lc. By gi Tn gi Di-lc nhn ly tm y dt bng ch vng t c Nh Lai xong, lin dng cng cho Pht, Php v i chng. Lc y Ma Ba-tun lin ngh: Sa-mn C-m ny ang tr ti Ba-lani, trong vn Lc d, Tin nhn tr x. V y nhn chuyn v lai m thuyt php cho cc t. Ta hy n y gy nhiu lon. Ri Ma Ba-tun i n ch c Pht, hng v Ngi v ni bi tng rng: Ngi y tt s c Dung mo diu nht; Thn trng hoa anh lc, Ngc sng eo cnh tay. Nu thnh K-u16, Trong b cii vua Loa. By gi c Th Tn ngh rng: Ma Ba-tun ny n ch Ta mun gy nhiu lon. c Th Tn sau khi bit l Ma Ba-tun lin ni bi tng: Ngi y tt s c Ti Thng Lm17 khng nghi ngi Dt sanh, lo, bnh, t; V lu, vic lm xong. Ai tu hnh phm hnh, S ci Di-lc. Ma Ba-tun li ni bi k: Ngi y tt s c Y phc ti thng diu; Thn p trm chin-n, Tay chn y chu ngc;
K-u thnh , Pli: Ketumat ni m Sakha l Chuyn lun vng. Nguyn Hn: V phc, dch ngha ca A-dt-da (Pli: Ajjta), cng dch ngha l V Nng Thng.
16

17

KINH THUYET BON

469 Nu thnh K-u S ci Loa vng.

By gi, c Th Tn li ni bi tng: Ngi y tt s c V ch v v gia; Tay khng cm vng ngc, V vi, khng su no; Nu tu hnh phm hnh, S ci Di-lc. [511c] Ma Ba-tun li ni bi tng: Ngi kia tt s c Danh, ti, m thc diu; Kho hiu rnh ca v, To nhc, thng hoan h; S ci Loa vng. By gi c Th Tn li ni bi tng: Ngi y tt qua b; Nh chim ph li ra; Chng tr thin t ti; lc, thng hoan h. Ny Ma, ngi nn bit, Ta hng phc ngi. Lc Ma vng li ngh: Th Tn bit ta. Thin Th bit ta. Ngh vy, n bun b, su no, khng th li, lin bin mt, khng thy ch y na. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi Di-lc, A-di-a, A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. 18 q

18

Bn Hn,ht quyn 13.

67. KINH I THIN NI LM Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti nc T-- cng vi i chng T-kheo, i n Di-tt-la, tr trong rng xoi ca i Thin1. By gi ang gia ng i, c Th Tn mm ci rng r. Tn gi Anan thy c Th Tn mm ci lin chp tay hng v Pht, tha rng: Bch Th Tn, v nhn duyn g m Ngi mm ci? Cc c Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, nu khng c nhn duyn g th khng bao gi mm ci. Mong Ngi ni cho con c bit . c Th Tn bo: Ny A-nan, thu xa, trong rng xoi, thuc x Di-tt-la ny, y c Vua tn l i Thin2, l [512a] Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l v Php vng nh php, thnh tu by bu, c bn c nh ca loi ngi. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin y thnh tu by bu l nhng g? l, bnh xe bu, voi bu, ngc bu, n bu, nga bu, c s bu, tng qun bu. l by bu. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin thnh tu bnh xe bu l nh th no? Ny A-nan! By gi vo ngy rm, l ngy thuyt Bit gii thot3, sau khi tm gi, Vua i Thin ng trn chnh in. T phng ng c vt bu l bnh xe tri4 hin n. Bnh xe tri c mt ngn cm v y tt c b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to ra, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. Vua i Thin trng thy lin hoan h,
T-- . Pli: Videha, m th ph l Mithil (Di-tt-la ). i thin Ni lm l khu rng xoi ca Makhdeva (bn hn c l Mahdeva), mt v vua trong thi qu kh m triu i tip theo thuc v Okkka, t ph ca dng h Thch. 2 i Thin . Pli: Makhdeva (hoc vit Maghadeva). 3 Thuyt Tng gii thot . Pli, thnh c: tadahuposathe pannarase, vo ngy 15, ngy trai gii. T on ny cho n on vua xut gia, khng c trong bn Pali. Tham kho D. 17. Mahsudassanasutta. 4 Thin lun bo . Pli: dibbacakkaratna.
1

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

472

ngh thm: Bnh xe bu cao qu5 xut hin! Bnh xe vi diu xut hin. Ta cng tng nghe ngi xa bo rng: Vo ngy rm, l ngy thuyt Bit gii thot gii, sau khi tm gi v ng trn chnh in, vua nh Sanh St-l ln ngi trn chnh in, khi y c bnh xa bu t phng ng hin n. Bnh xe bu c tt c mt ngn cm v y tt c b phn, thanh tnh t nhin ch khng do ngi to ra, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. V vy tt s l Chuyn lun vng. Ta h khng l Chuyn lun vng sao? Ny A-nan, thu xa, khi Vua i Thin mun ch thn th nghim bnh xe bu, bn cho t tp bn loi qun l qun voi, qun nga, qun xe v qun b. Sau khi cho t tp bn loi qun xong, Vua i n ch bnh xe bu, dng tay tri v v, dng tay phi ln bnh xe bu m ni rng: Hy theo bnh xe bu; hy theo n ni no bnh xe bu ln n. Ny A-nan, bnh xe bu y khi chuyn ng lin ln v hng ng. Lc Vua i Thin v bn loi qun cng i theo sau. Bnh xe bu ngng li ch no th Vua i Thin v bn loi qun dng li ch y. By gi, cc Tiu quc vng phng ng u i n ch Vua i Thin, tu rng: Knh cho Thin vng. Tu Thin vng, cc nc ny rt giu c v an lc, nhn dn ng c, u hon ton thuc v Thin vng. Mong Thin vng em php tr ha. Chng ti s ph t Thin vng. By gi, vua i Thin bo cc tiu vng: Cc khanh, mi v hy t qun lnh ly lnh th ca mnh. Hy p dng php, ch p dng phi php. ng trong nc mnh c nhng ngi to c nghip v phi phm hnh. Ny A-nan, bnh xe bu y qua khi phng ng, vt qua bin ln phng ng, quay v phng Nam, phng Ty v phng Bc. Ny A-nan, [512b] ty the bnh xe bu ln chuyn n du th Vua i Thin cng bn loi qun cng u i theo sau n . Bnh xe bu ngng li ch no, i Thin v bn loi qun ng li ch y. By gi, cc Tiu quc vng phng Bc u i n ch Vua i

Hin lun bo . Pli: bhavam cakkaratnam.

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM 473

Thin, tu rng: Knh cho Thin vng! Tu Thin vng, cc nc ny rt giu c v an lc, nhn dn ng c, u hon ton thuc v Thin vng. Mong Thin vng em php tr ha. Chng ti s ph t Thin vng. By gi, vua i Thin bo cc tiu vng: Cc khanh, mi v hy t qun lnh ly lnh th ca mnh. Hy p dng php, ch p dng phi php. ng trong nc mnh c nhng ngi to c nghip v phi phm hnh. Ny A-nan, bnh xe bu y qua phng Bc, vt qua bin ln phng Bc ri tr li bn thnh ca Vua. Khi Vua i Thin ng trn chnh in on l ti vt6 th Bnh xe bu ngng gia h khng. l vua i Thin thnh tu Bnh xe bu bu nh th. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin thnh tu voi bu nh th no? Ny A-nan, by gi, Vua i Thin c voi bu xut hin. Voi y trng tot, c by chi, tn l Vu-sa-h7. Sau khi trng thy, Vua i Thin hoan h, phn khi, ngh rng: Nu c hun luyn th n ht sc khn. Ny A-nan, sau vua i Thin bo tng s rng: Ngi hy mau hun luyn con voi ny cho ht sc thun thin. Nu voi thun th n cho ta hay. By gi tng s vng lnh vua, n ch voi bu, nhanh chng hun luyn, khin n tr nn ht sc thun thin. Khi voi bu c ch ng v hun luyn rt k, n nhanh chng tr nn thun thin. Cng nh thu xa voi tt sng v lng trm ngn nm, tri qua v lng trm ngn nm c ch ng v hun luyn rt k, nhanh chng tr nn thun thin. Voi bu ny cng ging nh vy, c ch ng v hun luyn rt k, n nhanh chng tr nn thun thin. Ny A-nan, by gi tng s nhanh chng hun luyn voi bu, khin n tr nn thun thin. Sau khi voi bu c hun luyn, tng s lin n ch vua tu rng: Tu Thin vng, mong Thin vng bit cho, ti ch ng v hun luyn; voi bu thun, nay ty theo ca Thin vng.

6 7

on l , TNM: liu l ; tc x l ti vt hay ti sn. Vu-sa-h . Pli: Uposatha (B-tt).

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

474

Ny A-nan, thu y, khi vua i Thin th nghim voi bu, vo bui sng mai mt tri mc, lin n ch voi, ci voi bu y v i cng khp c ci t cho n i hi, ri nhanh chng tr li bn thnh ca vua. Vua i Thin thnh tu voi trng bu nh th. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin thnh tu nga bu nh th no? Ny A-nan, by gi, vua i Thin c nga bu xut hin. Nga bu y c sc xanh mt, [512c] u en nh qu. V nga c trang nghim bng b lng nn gi l Mao m vng8. Sau khi trng thy, vua i Thin hoan h, phn khi, ngh rng: Nu c hun luyn th n ht sc khn. Ny A-nan, sau Vua i Thin bo m s rng: Ngi hy mau hun luyn con nga ny cho ht sc thun thin. Nu nga thun th n cho ta hay. By gi m s vng lnh vua, n ch nga bu, nhanh chng hun luyn, khin n tr nn ht sc thun thin. Khi nga bu c ch ng v hun luyn rt k, n nhanh chng tr nn thun thin. Cng nh thu xa nga tt sng v lng trm ngn nm, tri qua v lng trm ngn nm c ch ng v hun luyn rt k, nhanh chng tr nn thun thin. Nga bu ny cng ging nh vy, c ch ng v hun luyn rt k, n nhanh chng tr nn thun thin. Ny A-nan, by gi m s nhanh chng hun luyn nga bu, khin n tr nn thun thin. Sau khi nga bu c hun luyn, m s lin n ch vua tu rng: Tu Thin vng, mong Thin vng bit cho, ti ch ng v hun luyn; nga bu thun, nay ty theo ca Thin vng. Ny A-nan, thu y, khi vua i Thin th nghim nga bu, vo bui sng mai mt tri mc, lin n ch nga, ci nga bu y v i cng khp c ci t cho n i hi, ri nhanh chng tr li bn thnh ca vua. Vua i Thin thnh tu nga bu sc xanh nh th. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin thnh tu ngc bu nh th no? Ny A-nan, by gi, vua i Thin c b minh chu xut hin. Ht chu y trong sut t nhin, khng do ai to, tm cnh khng bn, c mi da cc p, c xu qua bng si dy ng sc: xanh, vng, , trng,
8

Mao m vng , M vng c bm. Pli: Valhaka (Vn m vng).

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM 475

en. Ny A-nan, lc Vua i Thin trong cung in, mun c nh sng ca n, tc th s dng ht minh chu. Ny A-nan, thu xa, khi vua i Thin mun th chu bu, bn cho t tp bn loi qun li l qun voi, qun nga, qun xe v qun b. Sau khi t tp bn loi qun xong, vo lc m ti, vua cho dng mt cy phn cao, cho t ht chu trn y, ri n cng vin nhn. nh sng ca ngc chiu khp bn loi qun, soi n na do-tun. Vua i Thin thnh tu ngc bu l nh th. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin thnh tu n bu l nh th no? Ny A-nan, by gi, vua i Thin c N bu xut hin. N bu y c thn th trong trng, tinh khit, nn n, sc p hn ngi, khng nhng thin n, t dung xinh p, ai nhn cng thy khoan khoi; ming ta mi hng hoa sen xanh thm phc; t cc l chn lng trn ngi tot mi hng chin-n. V ma ng th thn m p, v ma h th thn mt m. N bu y ht lng hu h vua, ni nng ha nh, lm vic nhanh chng, thng minh tr tu, hoan h thch lm [513a] vic lnh; lun ngh n vua, tm thng khng ri, hung na thn v ming. Vua i Thin thnh tu n bu vy. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin thnh tu c s bu l nh th no? Ny A-nan, by gi, vua i Thin c C s bu xut hin. C s bu y giu c cng tt, ca ci v lng, c nhiu sc vt chn nui; phong h, thc p y mi th; c phc bo nn c thin nhn, thy cc kho bu, y hay trng u thy r; thy c ngi th h hay khng c ngi th h. M vng, m bc, c ch bin hay cha c ch bin9; u thy r c. Ny A-nan, C s bu y n trc Vua i Thin tu rng: Tu Thin vng, nu Thin vng mun c vng, v tin bc, th Thin vng ch c lo bun, v h thn t bit ng thi. Ny A-nan, thu xa, khi Vua i Thin mun th nghim c s bu, Vua cho cho thuyn ra gia sng Hng, bo rng:

Hn:tc d bt tc .

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

476

Ny c s, ta mun c vng, v tin bc. C s tu: Tu Thin vng, hy cho thuyn cp bn. Khi y, vua i Thin bo: Ny c s, ta mun c chnh gia sng ny. C s tu rng: Tu Thin vng, hy cho thuyn ngng li. Ny A-nan, by gi C s bu n trc mi thuyn, thc tay vo trong nc, ly ln bn kho tng, l m vng, m bc, m qung hay khng phi qung,10 tu rng: Tu Thin vng, xin ty mun, Thin vng tha h s dng, cn bao nhiu th tr li di sng. l vua i Thin thnh tu c s bu. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin thnh tu tng qun bu l nh th no? Ny A-nan, by gi Vua i Thin c Tng qun bu. Tng qun y thng minh, tr tu, bin ti, ni hay, hiu rng. Tng qun bu s thay Vua i Thin thc hin nhng mc ch i ny, khuyn co v an lp; thc hin mc ch cho i sau, khuyn co v an lp; thc hin mc ch i ny, mc ch i sau, khuyn co v an lp. Tng qun bu s v Vua i Thin, nu mun tp hp cc qun l tp hp c; nu mun gii tn l gii tn ngay; mun cho binh lnh thuc bn loi qun khng mt mi v khuyn khch gip . i vi cc cn thn khc cng vy. l vua i Thin thnh tu tng qun bu. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin thnh tu by bu nh vy. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin thnh tu bn nh tc11 l nh th no? Ny A-nan, vua i Thin y sng tht lu, n tm vn bn ngn nm; thi con nt vui a n tm vn bn ngn nm; lm Tiu quc vng n tm vn bn ngn nm; lm i quc vng n tm [513b] vn bn ngn nm; ri co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh sng

10 11

Hn: tc tng bt tc tng . Bn nh tc ; No.1(2): bn thn c . Pli: catasso iddhiyo.

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM 477

khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, hc Tin nhn vng12, tu hnh phm hnh ti Di-tt-la ny, tr trong rng xoi i Thin. Ny A-nan, y l nh tc th nht ca vua i Thin: Vua i Thin sng tht lu, n tm vn bn ngn nm; thi con nt vui a n tm vn bn ngn nm; lm Tiu quc vng n tm vn bn ngn nm; lm i quc vng n tm vn bn ngn nm; ri co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, hc Tin nhn vng, tu hnh phm hnh ti Di-tt-la ny, tr trong rng xoi i Thin. Li na, A-nan, vua i Thin khng c bnh tt, thnh tu s iu ha ca thc o 13, khng lnh, khng nng, an n, khng b bc rc. Do , n thc ung c tiu ha d dng. Ny A-nan, y c nh tc th hai ca Vua i Thin: Vua i Thin khng c bnh tt, thnh tu s iu ha ca thc o, khng lnh, khng nng, an n, khng bc rc; do n thc ung tiu ha d dng. Li na, A-nan, vua i Thin thn th trng tro, sch s, trong sng, sc p hn ngi, khng km g thin thn, oan chnh, p , ai nhn cng thy khoan khoi. Ny A-nan, y l c nh tc th ba ca Vua i Thin: Vua i Thin thn th trng tro, sch s, trong sng, sc p hn ngi, khng km g thin thn, oan chnh, p , ai nhn cng thy khoan khoi. Li na, A-nan, vua i Thin thng i nim cc B-la-mn, C s, nh cha ngh n con. B-la-mn, c s li cng knh trng vua i Thin nh con knh cha. Ny A-nan, thu xa, vua i Thin trong cng vin, bo ngi nh xe rng: Hy nh xe i chm chm. Ta mun nhn k cc B-la-mn, c s. B-la-mn, c s cng bo ngi nh xe: Hy nh xe i chm chm. Chng ti mun nhn k c vua i Thin. Ny A-nan, y l c nh tc th t ca Vua i Thin: Vua i Thin thng i nim cc B-la-mn, c s nh cha ngh n con; cn cc B-la-mn, c s li knh trng vua i Thin nh con knh cha.

12 13

Tin nhn vng . Pli: rjisi, v n nguyn l vua. Bnh ng thc v chi o . Pli: samavepkin, tiu ha d dng (n ung d tiu ha).

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

478

Ny A-nan, l vua i Thin c bn c nh tc. Ny A-nan, mt thi gian sau, Vua i Thin bo th ht tc rng: Nu ngi thy u ta mc tc bc th cho ta hay. By gi th ht tc vng li vua bo. [153c] Mt thi gian sau , khi gi u cho vua, ng thy mc tc bc, lin tu: Tu Thin vng, mong Thin vng bit cho, Thin s n14; u mc tc bc. Vua i Thin li bo th ht tc: Ngi hy ly nhp bng vng, t t nh tc bc b vo bn tay ta. Th ht tc vng lnh Vua bo, lin ly ci nhp bng vng, t t nh tc bc b vo bn tay Vua. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin tay nng tc bc, ni bi tng: u ta mc tc bc; Th mng n hi suy. Thin s n ri, Nay lc ta hc o. Ny A-nan, sau khi thy tc bc, Vua i Thin bo Thi t: Ny Thi t, hy bit rng Thin s n, u ta mc tc bc. Ny Thi t, ta hng lc dc th gian, nay li mun cu dc lc thin thng. Ny Thi t, nay ta mun co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ny Thi t, nay ta mun em bn chu thin h ny ph thc cho con. Con hy tr v, gio ha ng nh php, ch dng phi php; khng cho trong nc c nhng ngi to c nghip, phi phm hnh. Ny Thi t, v sau nu con thy Thin s n, u mc tc bc, th con nn em vic quc chnh ca nc ny trao li cho Thi t ca con, kho dy bo n v trao t nc li cho n, ri con cng nn co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ny Thi t, nay ta chuyn giao php k tha15 ny cho con. Con cng phi chuyn giao li php k tha ny, ch cho
14 15

Xem kinh s 64. Tng k chi php . No.125 (50-4): tng thiu .

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM 479

nhn dn tr thnh cc bin16. Ny Thi t, ti sao nay ta chuyn trao php k tha ny cho con, bo con cng phi chuyn trao php k tha ny, ch cho nhn dn tr thnh cc bin. Ny Thi t, nu trong nc ny s truyn trao b dt tuyt, khng c tip ni, th l nhn dn tr thnh cc bin. V th cho nn, ny Thi t, nay ta chuyn trao cho con. Ny Thi t, ta chuyn trao php k tha ny cho con th con phi chuyn trao php k tha y li, ch cho nhn dn tr thnh cc bin. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin y em vic quc chnh ca nc ny ph thc cho Thi t. Sau khi dy bo cn k xong, Vua co b ru tc, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, hc Tin nhn vng, tu hnh phm hnh ti Di-tt-ta ny, tr trong rng xoi i thin. Thi t cng l Chuyn lun vng thnh tu by bu, [514a] c phc c, c bn c nh ca loi ngi nh vua cha; nh by bu v bn c nh ca loi ngi c ni trn. Ny A-nan, v Chuyn lun vng y v sau cng bo th ht tc rng: Nu ngi thy u ta mc tc bc th cho ta hay. Ngi th ht tc vng li vua bo. Mt thi gian sau , gi u cho vua, ng thy mc tc bc, lin tu: Tu Thin vng, mong Thin vng bit cho, Thin s n; u mc tc bc. V Chuyn lun vng kia li bo th ht tc: Ngi hy ly nhp bng vng, t t nh tc bc b vo bn tay ta. Lc y, th ht tc vng lnh vua bo, lin ly ci nhp bng vng, t t nh tc bc b vo bn tay vua. Ny A-nan, Chuyn lun vng kia tay nng tc bc, ni bi tng: u ta mc tc bc; Th mng n hi suy. Thin s n ri,
16

Hn: nhn dn a ti cc bin .Pli: m kho me tva antimapuriso ahosi, con ch tr thnh l ngi (k tha) cui cng ca ta. Bn hn hiu l antama-puriso.

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

480

Nay lc ta hc o. Ny A-nan, sau khi thy tc bc, Chuyn lun vng kia bo Thi t: Ny Thi t, hy bit rng Thin s n, u ta mc tc bc. Ny Thi t, ta hng lc dc th gian, nay li mun cu dc lc thin thng. Ny Thi t, nay ta mun co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ny Thi t, nay ta mun em bn chu thin h ny ph thc cho con. Con hy tr v, gio ha ng nh php, ch dng phi php; khng cho trong nc c nhng ngi to c nghip, phi phm hnh. Ny Thi t, v sau nu con thy Thin s n, u mc tc bc, th con nn em vic quc chnh ca nc ny trao li cho Thi t ca con, kho dy bo n v trao t nc li cho n, ri con cng nn co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ny Thi t, nay ta chuyn giao php k tha ny cho con. Con cng phi chuyn giao li php k tha ny, ch cho nhn dn tr thnh cc bin. Ny Thi t, ti sao nay ta chuyn trao php k tha ny cho con, bo con cng phi chuyn trao php k tha ny, ch cho nhn dn tr thnh cc bin? Ny Thi t, nu trong nc ny s truyn trao b dt tuyt, khng c tip ni, th l nhn dn tr thnh cc bin. V th cho nn, ny Thi t, nay ta chuyn trao cho con. Ny Thi t, ta chuyn trao php k tha ny cho con th con phi chuyn trao php k tha y li, ch cho nhn dn tr thnh [514b] cc bin. Ny A-nan, Chuyn lun vng kia em vic quc chnh ca nc ny ph thc cho Thi t. Sau khi dy bo cn k xong, Vua co b ru tc, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, hc Tin nhn vng, tu hnh phm hnh ti Di-tt-ta ny, tr trong rng xoi i Thin. Ny A-nan, l t con n con, t chu n chu, t dng h n dng h, t kin n kin17, ln lt n tm vn bn ngn v Chuyn lun vng, co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, la b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, hc Tin nhn vng, tu hnh phm hnh ti Di-tt-la ny, tr trong rng xoi i Thin.

17

Tng kin ch kin (?)

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM 481

V vua sau cng tn l Ni-di18, l mt Php vng nh php, thc hnh php ng nh php; l v vua v thi t, hu phi, th n v cc thn dn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn cho n cn trng m phng tr trai gii vo nhng ngy mng tm, mi bn, mi lm; tu hnh b th, cho nhng k ngho kh, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, cho n nhng ngi c c t cc phng xa n xin, em n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, khn qun, cung cp n du... By gi Ch Thin ci tri Tam Thp Tam Thin t tp ngi ti Thin php ging ng19 ht li xng tn vua Ni-di nh th ny: Ch Hin, ngi x T-- c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao? V vua cui cng ca h l Ni-di, mt Php vng nh php, thc hnh php ng nh php, l ngi v thi t, hu phi, th n v cc thn dn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn cho n cn trng m phng tr trai gii vo nhng ngy mng tm, mi bn, mi lm; tu hnh b th, cho nhng ngi ngho kh, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, cho nhng ngi c c t cc phng xa n xin, em cc n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, cung cp khn qun v n du... By gi tri Thin Thch cng c trong chng, bo Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin rng: Ch Hin, cc v c mun thy vua Ni-di ngay ti ni ny khng? Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin p: Tha Cu-dc20, chng ti mun c n ngay ni y yt kin vua Ni-di. By gi, trong khonh khc, nh lc s co dui cnh tay, Thch ci Tam Thp Tam Thin bng nhin bin mt khng thy v hin ra cung in vua Ni-di.
18 19

Ni-di . Pli: Nimi. Thin php ging ng . Pli: Sudhamma-sabh, phng hi ca ch Thin Tam thp tam (Pl. Tvatisa). 20 Cu-dc (= Kiu-thi-ca ). Pli: Kosika hoc Kosiya, hiu ca Thin Thch.

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

482

Lc y, Vua Ni-di thy Thin Thch, lin hi: ng l ai? Thin Thch p: i vng c nghe n Thin Thch khng? p: Ti nghe ni c Thch. chnh l ti vy. i vng c i thin li, c [514c] i cng c. V sao? V Ch Thin ci Tam Thp Tam Thin t tp ti Thin php ging ng, ht li xng tn i vng th ny: Ch Hin, ngi x T-- c i thin li, c i cng c. V sao? V vua cui cng ca h l Ni-di, mt Php vng nh php, thc hnh php ng nh php, l ngi v thi t, hu phi, th n v cc thn dn, Sa-mn, Bla-mn cho n cn trng m phng tr trai gii vo nhng ngy mng tm, mi bn, mi lm; tu hnh b th, cho nhng ngi ngho kh, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, cho nhng ngi c c t cc phng xa n xin, em cc n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, cung cp khn qun v n du... i vng c mun thy Tam Thp Tam Thin khng? Vua p: Ti mun thy. Thch li bo Vua Ni-di: Ti tr v ci tri, s ra lnh trang nghim xa gi vi mt ngn voi ko n. i vng ci xe do chi, ln du lm ci tri. By gi, Vua Ni-di im lng nhn li. Thch bit Vua Ni-di nhn li; trong khonh khc, nh thi gian lc s co dui cnh tay, bin mt khi cung in Vua Ni-di m tr v ci Tam Thp Tam Thin. Sau khi tr v, Thch bo ngi nh xe: Ngi hy nhanh chng trang nghim gi vi mt ngn voi ko, n n Vua Ni-di. Sau khi n ni, hy tu vua rng: i vng, nn bit, Thch sai nh c xe c nghn voi ko ny n n i vng. i vng hy ci xe ny do chi, ln du lm ci tri. Sau khi Vua ln xe, li hi Vua rng: i vng mun ti nh xe i ng no? i theo ng c th c bo? Hay diu th diu bo?

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM 483

Ngi nh xe vng lnh Thch, tc th trang nghim c xe nghn voi, i n Vua Ni-di. n ni, tu Vua rng: i vng, nn bit, Thch sai nh c xe c nghn voi ko ny n n i vng. i vng hy ci xe ny do chi, ln du lm ci tri. Sau khi Vua Ni-di ln xe, ngi nh xe li hi rng: i vng mun ti nh xe i ng no? i theo ng c th c bo? Hay diu th diu bo? By gi Vua Ni-di bo ngi nh xe rng: Hy a ti i gia hai ng c th c bo v diu th diu bo. Ngi nh xe lin a Vua i gia hai ng y, gia c th c bo v diu th diu bo. T xa, Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin trng thy Vua Ni-di i n, sau khi trng thy lin chc lnh rng: [515a] Knh cho i vng! Knh cho i vng! i vng c th cng sng chung hng lc vi Tam Thp Tam Thin chng ti. Lc y, Vua Ni-di ni bi tng cho Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin: Ging nh k ci nh, Nht thi tm mn xe; Ni y cng nh vy. V l ca k khc. Ti v Di-tt-la, S lm v lng thin. Nhn sanh ci tri, To phc lm t lng. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin thu xa y ng cho l ai khc chng? Ch ngh nh vy. Nn bit v y chnh l Ta. Ny A-nan, thu xa, Ta t i con n i con, t i chu n i chu, t dng h n dng h, ln lt c n tm vn bn ngn Chuyn lun vng, tng co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, hc Tin nhn vng, tu hnh phm hnh, ti Di-tt-la ny tr trong rng xoi i Thin. By gi Ta t lm li ch cho mnh, cng lm li ch cho k khc, lm li ch cho mi ngi. Ta thng xt th gian, v tri v v ngi m cu ngha li, li

KINH AI THIEN NAI LAM

484

ch v an n khoi lc. Khi y, Ta thuyt php khng n ch rt ro, khng rt ro bch tnh, khng rt ro phm hnh. V khng rt ro phm hnh, lc y Ta khng thot ly khi s sanh, tui gi, bnh tt, s cht, khc than, o no; cng cha th thot ra ngoi mi kh au. Ny A-nan, nay Ta xut hin i, l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, gi l Pht, Th Tn. Nay Ta lm li ch cho mnh, cng lm li ch cho ngi khc, lm li ch cho mi ngi. Ta thng xt th gian, v tri v ngi m cu ngha li v li ch, cu an n khoi lc. Nay Ta thuyt php n ch rt ro bch tnh, rt ro phm hnh. V rt ro phm hnh, nay Ta la khi s sanh, tui gi, bnh tt, s cht, khc than, o no. Nay Ta thot mi kh au. Ny A-nan, nay Ta chuyn trao php k tha ny cho ng, ng cng phi chuyn trao php k tha ny li, ch cho Pht php dt on. Ny A-nan, th no l php k tha m nay Ta chuyn trao cho ng v bo ng cng phi chuyn trao li php k tha y, ch cho Pht php dt on? chnh l Thnh o tm chi, t chnh kin cho n chnh nh l tm. Ny A-nan, chnh l php k tha m nay Ta chuyn trao cho ng, v ng cng phi chuyn trao li php k tha y, ch cho Pht chng t on. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh. q

68. KINH I THIN KIN VNG Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi, Pht tr ti thnh Cu-thi1, tr trong rng Sa-la ca Ha-btn lc s2. By gi, vo lc ti hu, sp nhp Nit-bn, c Th Tn bo: Ny A-nan, hy n gia hai cy Sa-la song th3 tri ch nm cho Nh Lai, u quay v hng Bc. Nh Lai vo gia m nay s nhp Nitbn. Tn gi A-nan vng li c Nh Lai, lin n gia hai cy song th tri ch nm cho Nh Lai, u quay v hng Bc. Sau khi tri ch nm xong, tr li ch c Pht, ci u nh l di chn Ngi ri ng sang mt bn, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, con tri ch nm cho Nh Lai, u quay v hng Bc. Ci mong Th Tn t bit thi. By gi Th Tn cng Tn gi A-nan n gia hai cy song th, tri y ut-a-la-tng bn lp4 ln ch nm, gp y tng-gi-l lm gi. Ngi nm nghing v hng bn phi, hai chn chng ln nhau. y l lc ti hu, Pht sp Nit-bn. Lc y Tn gi A-nan ang cm qut hu Pht. Tn gi chp tay hng v c Pht tha rng: Bch Th Tn, cn c nhng thnh ln khc. Mt l Chim-b, hai l X-v, ba l T-x-ly, bn l Vng X, nm l Ba-la-ni, su l Ca-tla-v5. Sao Th Tn khng nhp Nit-bn cc ni y, m quyt nh ti
Cu-thi thnh . Pli: Kusinr. Ha-bt-n lc s . Pli: Upavattana-Mall, b tc Mall Upavattana. 3 Song Sa-la th . Pli: yamaka-sl, cy Sa-la sinh i, mc thnh cp; Sa-la song th. 4 u-a-la-tng : Ut-a-la-tng. Pli: uttarsaga, dch l thng y, o khoc phn trn thn th. Thng th ni l tri tng-gi-l bn lp; Pli: catugguam saghi papetv. 5 Chim-b (Pli: Camp). X-v (Svatthi), T-x-ly (Vesali), Vng X (Rjagaha), Ba-la-ni (Brnasi), Ca-duy-la-v (Kapilavatthu). Bn Pli k hi
2 1

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

488

thnh bng t nh hp ny, mt thnh nh hp nht trong cc thnh? By gi, c Th Tn bo: Ny A-nan, ngi ch ni rng y l thnh t nh hp, l thnh nh nht trong cc thnh. V sao? V thu qu kh, thnh Cu-thi-na ny tn l Cu-thi vng thnh6, giu c cng tt, dn chng ng c. A-nan, Cu-thi vng thnh di mi hai do-tun, rng by do-tun. A-nan, y dng thp canh cao bng mt ngi, hoc hai, ba, bn..., cho n by ngi. A-nan, chung quanh bn ngoi Cu-thi vng thnh, c by lp ho. Ho y c xy bng gch bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. y ho cng tri ct bng bn loi bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Ny A-nan, Cu-thi vng thnh c by lp tng thnh bao bc bn ngoi. Nhng lp tng thnh y cng c xy bng gch bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v [515c] thy tinh. Ny A-nan, Cu-thi vng thnh c by lp hng cy a-la7 bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh bao bc xung quanh. Cy a-la bng vng th hoa, l v tri bng bc. Cy a-la bng bc th hoa, l v tri bng vng. Cy a-la bng lu ly th hoa, l v tri bng thy tinh. Cy a-la bng thy tinh th hoa, l v tri bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, gia nhng cy a-la c o nhiu h sen; h sen xanh, h sen hng, h sen v h hoa sen trng. Ny A-nan, b h hoa y c p bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. y h th ri ct bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Trong thnh h y c thm cp bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly, thy tinh. Thm cp bng vng th bc chn8 bng bc, thm cp bng bc th c bc chn bng vng. Thm cp bng lu ly th c bc chn bng thy tinh. Thm cp bng thy tinh th c bc chn bng lu ly.

khc, thayT-xa-ly v Ca-duy-la-v bng Sketa v Kosamb. 6 Cu-thi vng thnh . Pli: Ksavati. No.1 (2) Cu-x-b-. 7 a-la th . Pli: tla, mt ging cy c, tn khoa hc Borassus flabelliformis. 8 Hn: ng ; bn Tng: tranh . C l l .

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG 489

Ny A-nan, xung quanh h y c cu lan9 bng bn bu, l vng, bc, lu ly, thy tinh. Lan10 bng vng th cu bng bc. Lan bng bc th cu bng vng. Lan bng lu ly th li bng thy tinh. Lan bng thy tinh th cu bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, h y c trm bi mn li c chung treo gia. Chung y lm bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Chung bng vng th qu lc bng bc. Chung bng bc th qu lc bng vng. Chung bng lu ly th qu lc bng thy tinh. Chung bng thy tinh th qu lc bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, trong h y trng nhiu loi hoa di nc nh hoa sen xanh, hoa sen hng, hoa sen , hoa sen trng; thng c nc, c hoa, khng c ngi trng gi ngn cm v thuc v tt c mi ngi. Ny A-nan, b h y c trng nhiu loi hoa nh hoa tu-ma-na, hoa b-s, hoa chim-bc, hoa kin-, hoa ma-u-kin-, hoa a--mu-a, hoa ba-la u11. Ny A-nan, bn cc b h sen y, c nhiu ngi n thn th nn n, sch s, trong sng, sc p hn ngi, chng km thin n, t dung oan chnh, ai nhn cng thy vui thch, c trang sc y cc loi ngc bu; nhng ngi n y b th ty theo nhu cu ca mi ngi nh n thc ung, o, chn, xe c, nh ca, ging nm, m lng ng sc, ti t, n du... em cung cp y .

Hn: cu lan , lan can theo hnh th nh, cao thp, quanh co (T nguyn). Pli khng cp chi tit nay, nhng t Pli tng ng l vedik: lan can, lan thun hay cu lan. 10 Cu lan c ni y gm hai phn: thanh g ngang l lan, thanh g ng l cu. 11 Cc loi hoa: hoa tu-ma-na (Pli: suman, thin ), loi hoa li cnh ln; hoa b-s (vassik: h sinh hoa), mt loi hoa li rt thm (Jasminum Sambac); hoa chim-bc (campaka: t hinh hoa), hoa Chm-pa, rt thm, c mu trng v vng; hoa tu-kin- (sogandhika: ho hng), thy lin trng, sng trng; hoa ma-u-kin- (madhu-gandhika: mt hng); hoa a--mu-a (adhimuttaka: tng thng tn), hoa ba-la-u .

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

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Ny A-nan, l cy a-la y lc gi thi th pht ra m thanh cc k vi diu, cng nh nm loi k nhc c nhc s ti ba tu ln th c m thanh ht sc hi ha, tuyt diu. Ny A-nan, l cy y lc gi thi cng li nh vy. Ny A-nan, trong thnh Cu-thi y gi s c ngi ti t thp hn h, mun c thng thc nm loi k nhc, nu cng n gia nhng cy a-la, thy u c thng thc tha thch. Ny A-nan, Cu-thi vng thnh thng c mi hai loi ting khng bao gi [516a] gin on, l ting voi, ting nga, ting xe, ting i b, ting t v, ting trng, ting trng bc lc12, ting trng k13, ting ca, ting v, ting n, ting b th. Ny A-nan, trong thnh Cu-thi c vua tn l i Thin Kin14, l v Chuyn lun vng thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti; l v Php vng nh php, thnh tu by bu, c bn c nh ca con ngi. Ny A-nan, by gi cc B-la-mn, C s trong Cu-thi vng thnh mang cc loi chu bu, kim-b-la bu15, ch n ch vua i Thin Kin, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, cc loi chu bu, kim-b-la bu ny, mong Thin vng v lng t mn m np th. i Thin Kin vng ni vi cc B-la-mn : Ny cc khanh, cc khanh hin dng nhng ta thy cha cn thit, v ta c . Ny A-nan, li c tm vn bn ngn v Tiu quc vng, n tha vua i Thin Kin rng: Tu Thin vng, chng ti mun xy chnh in cho Thin vng. i Thin Kin vng ni vi cc Tiu quc vng: Cc khanh mun xy chnh in cho ta, nhng ta thy cha cn thit,
12

Hn: bc lc c , khng r loi trng g. Hn: k c . 14 i Thin Kin . Pli: Mahsudassana. 15 Kim-b-la bo , vi lng, o lng. Pl. kambala.
13

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG 491

v ta c chnh in. Tm vn bn ngn v Tiu quc vng u chp tay hng v i Thin Kin vng, lp li ba ln rng: Tu Thin vng, chng ti mun xy chnh in cho Thin vng. Chng ti mun xy chnh in cho Thin vng. By gi, i Thin Kin vng im lng nhn li ca tm vn bn ngn vua cc tiu quc. Khi bit vua im lng nhn li, cc Tiu quc vng lin bi bit, i quanh ba vng ri lui ra. Vua nc no tr v nc y, dng tm vn bn ngn c xe cht y nhng vng v cc loi tin, bng vng tinh luyn hay cha tinh luyn16. Li ly cc tr u bng ngc ln ch n thnh Cu-thi, cch thnh khng xa xy i chnh in. Ny A-nan, i chnh in y di mt do-tun, rng mt do-tun. i chnh in y c xy bng gch lm bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Ny A-nan, thm cp ca i chnh in y lm bng bn loi bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Thm cp bng vng th tr bng bc. Thm cp bng bc th tr bng vng. Thm cp bng lu ly th tr bng thy tinh. Thm cp bng thy tinh th tr bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, trong i chnh in c tm vn bn ngn ct tr lm bng bn bu l: Vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Ct bng vng th tng bng bc. Ct bng bc th tng bng vng. Ct bng lu ly th tng bng thy tinh. Ct bng thy tinh th tng bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, [516b] bn trong chnh in li xy tm vn bn ngn lu lm bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly, thy tinh. Lu bng vng th mi lp bng bc. Lu bng bc th mi lp bng vng. Lu bng lu ly th mi lp bng thy tinh. Lu bng thy tinh th mi lp bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, trong i chnh in c thit tr tm vn bn ngn ng ta, cng lm bng bn bu: vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Lu bng vng th thit tr ng ta bng bc, tri ln trn cc th nm chiu, m lng nm sc, ph ln trn bng nhng th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi, tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Cng vy, lu bng bc th thit tr ng ta bng vng. Lu bng lu ly th thit tr ng ta bng
16

Tc d bt tc .

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

492

thy tinh. Lu bng thy tinh th thit tr ng ta bng lu ly, tri ln bng cc th nm chiu, m lng nm sc, ph ln bng cc th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ny A-nan, i chnh in y xung quanh c cu lan17 bng bn bu, vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Lan bng vng th cu bng bc. Lan bng bc th cu bng vng. Lan bng lu ly th cu bng thy tinh. Lan bng thy tinh th cu bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, i chnh in y c che bng mn li, trong treo cc th chung lc. Chung y lm bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Chung bng vng th qu lc bng bc. Chung lm bng bc th qu lc bng vng. Chung bng lu ly th qu lc bng thy tinh. Chung bng thy tinh th qu lc bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, i chnh in y sau khi c kin trc y , bn vn tm ngn vua cc Tiu quc i ra cch i chnh in khng xa, xy ao sen ln. Ny A-nan, ao sen ln y di mt do-tun; rng mt do-tun. Ny A-nan, ao sen ln y c p gch bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. y ao c ri ct bn th bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Ny A-nan, ao sen ln y c thm cp bng bn th bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Thm cp bng vng th thm bng bc. Thm cp bng bc th thm bng vng. Thm cp bng lu ly th thm bng thy tinh. Thm bng thy tinh th thm bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, chung quanh ao sen ln c cu lan bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Lan bng vng th cu bng bc. Lan bng bc th cu bng vng. Lan bng lu ly th cu bng thy tinh. Lan bng thy tinh th cu bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, ao sen ln y c che bi mn li, trong treo cc th chung lc. Chung y lm bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Chung bng vng th qu lc bng bc. Chung bng bc th qu lc bng vng. Chung bng lu ly th qu lc bng thy tinh. Chung
17

Hn: cu lan ; xem cht. 10 & 11 trn.

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG 493

bng thy tinh th qu lc bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, trong ao sen ln y c nhiu loi thy hoa nh hoa sen xanh, hoa sen hng, hoa sen trng, hoa sen , thng c nc hoa, c ngi gn gi, [516c] khng cho bt c ai vo. Ny A-nan, bn b ao sen ln y c nhiu loi lc hoa, nh hoa tu-mana, hoa b-s, hoa chim-bc, hoa tu-kin-, hoa ma-u-kin-, hoa a-mu-a, hoa ba-la-li. Ny A-nan, sau khi kin trc i in v h hoa ln y nh th, tm vn bn ngn vua cc Tiu quc i ra cch in khng xa, thit lp vn a-la18. Ny A-nan, vn a-la y di mt do-tun, rng mt do-tun. Trong vn a-la trng tm vn bn ngn cy a-la, u dng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Cy a-la bng vng th l, hoa, qu bng bc. Cy a-la bng bc th l, hoa, qu bng vng. Cy a-la bng lu ly th l, hoa, qu bng thy tinh. Cy a-la bng thy tinh th l, hoa, qu bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, chung quanh vn a-la y c cu lan bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Lan bng vng th cu bng bc. Lan bng bc th cu bng vng. Lan bng lu ly th cu bng thy tinh. Lan bng thy tinh th cu bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, vn a-la y c che bng li bu, c chung treo l lng khong gia. Chung y lm bng bn bu l vng, bc, lu ly v thy tinh. Chung bng vng th qu lc bng bc. Chung bng bc th qu lc bng vng. Chung bng lu ly th qu lc bng thy tinh. Chung bng thy tinh th qu lc bng lu ly. Ny A-nan, sau khi kin trc i in, ao hoa v vn a-la y nh th, tm vn bn ngn Tiu quc vng cng n ch vua i Thin Kin tha rng: Tu Thin vng, xin bit cho rng, i in, ao hoa v vn cy ala, tt c kin trc y . Mong Thin vng s dng ty thch. Ny A-nan, by gi vua i Thin Kin ngh rng: Ta khng nn ln

18

a-la vin . Pli: Tlavana.

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

494

i in ny trc. Nu c bc Thng tn Sa-mn, B-la-mn thnh Cu-thi vng ny, ta nn mi tt c t tp ngi i in ny, son cc thc n ngon lnh, m diu, y thc cng v mm, t tay bng hu khin cc ngi n no. n xong, dn bt v dng nc ra, ri mi cc ngi tr v. Ny A-nan, sau khi vua i Thin Kin ngh nh vy, lin mi tt c cc bc Thng tn Sa-mn, B-la-mn ang tr ti thnh Cu-thi vng y t tp trn i chnh in. Tt c t tp v an ta xong, vua thn hnh ly nc ra ri em cc thc n ngon lnh, m diu, y cc thc cng v mm, t tay bng hu khin cc ngi n no. Sau khi n, dn bt, em nc ra v nhn li cu chc, ri vua mi cc ngi tr v. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin Kin li ngh: Nay ta khng nn vo i chnh in hng dc lc. [517a] Ta nn em c nht mt ngi hu ln ti i chnh in. Ny A-nan, sau vua i Thin Kin em ngi hu ln i chnh in, i vo lu bng vng, ngi ng ta bng bc, c tri ln bng nhng th nm chn, m lng nm sc, c ph ln bng nhng th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, vua ly dc, ly cc php c bt thin; c tm, c t, h v lc do ly dc sanh, tin vo S thin, thnh tu v an tr. T lu bng vng i ra, li i vo lu bng bc, ngi vo ng sng bng vng c tri cc th nm chn, m lng nm sc, c ph ln bng nhng th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, vua ly dc, ly php c bt thin, c tm, c t, h v lc do ly dc sanh, tin vo S thin, thnh tu v an tr. T lu bng bc i ra, li i vo lu bng lu ly, ngi vo ng sng bng ty tinh c tri cc th nm chn, m lng nm sc, c ph ln bng nhng th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, vua ly dc, ly php c bt thin, c tm, c t, h v lc do ly dc sanh, tin vo S thin, thnh tu v an tr. T lu bng lu ly i ra, li vo lu bng thy tinh, ngi vo ng sng bng lu ly c tri cc th nm chn, m lng nm sc, c ph ln

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG 495

bng nhng th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, vua ly dc, ly php c bt thin, c tm, c t, h v lc do ly dc sanh, tin vo S thin, thnh tu v an tr. Ny A-nan, by gi tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu qu lu khng thy vua i Thin Kin, ai cng nh mong, khao kht mun thy. Lc , tm vn bn ngn phu nhn cng nhau i n n bu tha thnh rng: Thin hu, nn bit cho, t lu chng ti khng c hu cn Thin vng. Thin hu, chng ti nay mun cng nhn dn n yt kin Thin vng. N bu nghe xong, lin bo Tng qun: ng nn bit cho, chng ti t lu khng c hu cn Thin vng, nay mun n yt kin Thin vng. Tng qun nghe vy, lin a tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu n i chnh in. Tm vn bn ngn tht voi, tm vn bn ngn con nga, tm vn bn ngn c xe, tm vn bn ngn lnh b, tm vn bn ngn Tiu vng cng cng h tng, i n i chnh in. Lc c on ang i, m thanh y vang di chn ng mnh m. Vua i Thin Kin nghe c m thanh vang di [517b] chn ng mnh m y. Nghe vy, vua lin hi ngi ng hu bn cnh: l ting g m vang di chn ng mnh m th? Ngi hu tha: Tu Thin vng, l do tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu, hm nay tt c cng n i chnh in; tm vn bn ngn tht voi, tm vn bn ngn con nga, tm vn bn ngn c xe, tm vn bn ngn lnh b, tm vn bn ngn Tiu vng li cng nhau n chnh in, cho nn m thanh y vang di, chn ng mnh m. Nghe xong, vua i Thin Kin bo ngi hu cn: Ngi mau xung khi i in, n ch t trng, tri nhanh ging bng vng ri tr li cho ta hay. Ngi hu cn vng li, lin t in i xung, n ch t trng, tri ging bng vng mt cch nhanh chng, lin tr li tha rng:

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

496

Con tri ging bng vng ch t trng cho Thin vng, xin ty Thin vng. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin Kin cng vi ngi hu t in i xung, ng trn ging bng vng v ngi kit gi. Ny A-nan, by gi tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu cng nhau n trc vua i Thin Kin. Ny A-nan, t xa, vua i Thin Kin trng thy tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu, lin ng kn cc cn. Tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu thy vua ng kn cc cn, lin ngh: Thin vng nay chc khng cn n chng ta na. V sao? V Thin vng va thy chng ta, lin ng kn cc cn. Ny A-nan, khi n bu i n trc vua i Thin Kin. n ri tha rng: Tu Thin vng, xin bit cho, tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu ny hon ton thuc v Thin vng. Mong Thin vng thng tng n chng ti cho n lc mng chung. Tm vn bn ngn tht voi, tm vn bn ngn con nga, tm vn bn ngn c xe, tm vn bn ngn lnh b, tm vn bn ngn tiu vng cng hon ton thuc v Thin vng, mong Thin vng tng n tt c cho n lc mng chung. By gi vua i Thin Kin nghe nhng li y xong, bo n bu rng: Ny hin mui, cc ngi lun lun xi dc ta lm iu xu, m khng khuyn khch ta lm iu tt. Ny hin mui, t nay v sau nn khuyn khch ta lm iu tt, ch xi dc ta lm xu. Ny A-nan, tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu y lin ngi qua mt bn, nc mt trn ra, khc lc bi thm, tha rng: Chng ti chng phi l em ca Thin vng, m nay Thin vng gi chng ti l hin mui. Ny A-nan, tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v [517c] n bu y, mi ngi dng o lau nc mt, li n trc vua i Thin Kin tha rng: Tu Thin vng, chng ti lm th no khuyn khch Thin vng lm iu tt, khng lm iu xu? Vua i Thin Kin p: Cc hin mui, hy ni vi ta nh th ny: Tu Thin vng, ngi

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG 497

bit khng, mng ngi ngn ngi, ri s i qua i sau, nn phi tu phm hnh. S sng cng c lc chm dt. Thin vng nn bit, php y chc chn n, khng th i nim, khng th hoan h, hoi dit tt c, ngi i gi l s cht. Cho nn, tu Thin vng, i vi tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu, nu c i nim, c dc th mong Thin vng on tr, x ly tt c, cho n lc mng chung vn ch nim tng. i vi tm vn bn ngn tht voi, tm vn bn ngn con nga, tm vn bn ngn c xe, tm vn bn ngn lnh b, tm vn bn ngn tiu vng, tu Thin vng, nu c i nim, c dc th mong Thin vng on tr, x ly tt c, cho n lc mng chung vn ch nim tng. Ny cc hin mui, cc hin mui hy khuyn khch ta lm iu tt, ch xi dc ta lm iu xu, ng nh th. Ny A-nan, tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu y tha rng: Tu Thin vng, chng ti t nay v sau s khuyn khch Thin vng lm lnh, ch khng xi dc Thin vng lm c, nh th ny: Tu Thin vng, mng ngi ngn ngi, ri s i qua i sau. Php y chc chn n, cng khng th i nim, cng khng th hoan h, hoi dit tt c, ngi i gi l s cht, cho nn, tu Thin vng, i vi tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu, nu c nim c dc th mong Thin vng hy on tr, x ly tt c, cho n lc mng chung cng khng nim tng. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin Kin thuyt php cho tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi dng v lng phng tin thuyt php cho nhng ngi y, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h xong, vua bo h tr v. Ny A-nan, bit vua ra lnh, tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu mi ngi u n bi bit vua ri tr v. Ny A-nan, tm vn bn ngn phu nhn v n bu y tr v cha bao lu, vua i Thin Kin cng ngi hu cn tr ln i in, vo lu bng vng, ngi trn ng sng bng bc, c tri bng cc th nm, chn, m lng nm sc, c ph ln bng cc th gm, la, the, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u [518a] gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, qun nh th ny: Ta n y l cui cng. Nim dc, nim nhu, nim hi, u tranh, ght nhau, dua sim, di tr,

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

498

la gt, ni lo, v lng cc php c bt thin n y l cui cng. Tm cng vi t tng ng, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh th, hai, ba, bn phng trn v di ph bin cng khp, khng kt khng on, khng nhu, khng tranh, bao la rng ln, v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn cng khp th gian, thnh tu v an tr. T lu bng vng i ra, vua li vo lu bng bc, ngi trn ng sng bng vng, c tri ln bng cc chn nm, m lng nm sc, c tri ln bng cc th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, qun tng rng: Ta n y l cui cng. Nim dc, nim nhu, nim hi, u tranh, ght nhau, dua sim, di tr, la gt, ni lo,... v lng cc php c bt thin, n y l cui cng, tm cng vi bi tng ng, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh th, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, phng trn v phng di, ph bin cng khp, khng kt khng on, khng nhu, khng tranh, rng ri bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn cng khp th gian, thnh tu an tr. T lu bng bc i ra, vua li vo lu bng lu ly, ngi trn ng ta bng thy tinh, c tri bng cc th chn nm, m lng nm sc, c ph ln bng cc th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn nm lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, qun th ny: Ta n y l cui cng. Nim dc, nim nhu, nim hi, u tranh, ght nhau, dua sim, di tr, la gt, ni lo, v lng cc php c bt thin, n y l cui cng, tm cng vi h tng ng, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh th, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, phng trn v phng di, ph bin cng khp, khng kt khng on, khng nhu, khng tranh, rng ri bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn cng khp th gian, thnh tu v an tr. T lu bng lu ly i ra, vua vo lu bng thy tinh, ngi trn ng ta bng lu ly, c tri ln bng cc th chn nm, m lng nm sc, c ph ln bng cc th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn nm lt hai u gi v tri thm qu bng da sn dng. Ngi xong, qun th ny: Ta n y l cui cng. Nim dc, nim nhu, nim hi, u tranh, ght nhau, dua sim, di tr, la gt, ni lo,... v lng cc php c bt thin, n y l cui cng, tm cng vi x tng ng, bin mn mt phng, thnh tu v an tr. Cng nh th, hai, ba, bn phng, t duy, phng

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG 499

trn v [518b] phng di, ph bin cng khp, khng kt khng on, khng nhu, khng tranh, rng ri bao la v lng, kho tu tp, bin mn cng khp th gian, thnh tu v an tr. Ny A-nan, Vua i Thin Kin vo gi pht cui cng, cht vi mt cm gic au phn pht. Cng ging nh c s hoc con ca c s, n mn n m diu, cm thy mt cht kh chu. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin Kin vo gi pht cui cng cht vi mt cm gic au phn pht cng li nh vy. Ny A-nan, by gi vua i Thin Kin tu bn Phm tr19, sau khi x nim dc, nh khi mng chung, sanh vo ci Phm thin. Ny A-nan, vua i Thin Kin thu xa y ng cho l ai khc chng? Ch ngh nh vy, nn bit rng v y chnh l Ta vy. Ny A-nan, lc by gi Ta lm li ch cho mnh, cng lm li ch cho k khc, lm li ch cho mi ngi. Ta thng xt th gian, mong cu thin li v hu ch, mong cu an n v khoi lc cho tri v ngi. By gi Ta thuyt php khng n ch rt ro, khng rt ro bch tnh, khng rt ro phm hnh. V khng rt ro phm hnh nn khi y khng la khi s sanh, tui gi, bnh tt, s cht, khc lc, o no, cng cha thot khi mi kh au. Ny A-nan, nay Ta xut hin i l Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic, Minh Hnh Tc, Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng S, iu Ng Trng Phu, Thin Nhn S, Pht, Th Tn. Nay Ta lm li ch cho mnh, cng lm li ch cho k khc, lm li ch cho mi ngi. Ta thng xt th gian, mong cu s thin li v hu ch, cu s an n v khoi lc cho tri v ngi. Nay Ta thuyt php n ch rt ro, rt ro bch tnh, rt ro phm hnh. Rt ro phm hnh nn nay Ta la khi s sanh, tui gi, tt bnh, s cht, khc lc, o no. Ta nay thot khi mi s au kh. Ny A-nan, t thnh Cu-thi-la, t rng Sa-la ca Ha-bt-n Lc s, t sng Ni-lin-nhin20, t sng B-cu21, t Thin Quang t, t ch tri
Bn phm tht : phm tr . Pli: cattri brahmavihr. Ni-lin-nhin , Pli: Nerajar, con sng gn ch Pht thnh o. y chnh xc phi l Hiravati, m l H (hay hi)-lin-thin ( hay )
20 19

KINH AI THIEN KIEN VNG

500

ch nm cho Ta hm nay, trong khong thi gian gia , Ta by ln x thn. Trong by ln y, su ln lm Chuyn lun vng, nay l ln th by thnh Nh Lai, V S Trc, ng Chnh Gic. Ny A-nan, Ta khng thy u trong th gian ny, Tri hay Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-lamn, t tri n ngi m Ta s x thn thm ln na, v iu khng c th c. Ny A-nan, nay y l s sanh cui cng ca Ta, l s hu cui cng, l thn cui cng, l bm hnh cui cng. Ta ni y l ch tn cng ca kh. c Pht thuyt nh vy, Tn gi A-nan v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt xong, hoan h phng hnh.22 q

21

, con sng gn ch Pht nhp Nit-bn. B-cu . Pli: Kakutth, con sng gn Kusinr. c Pht tm ti y trc khi n Kusinr nhp Nit-bn. 22 Bn Hn, ht quyn 14.

69. KINH TAM THP D [518c11] Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti thnh Vng x, trong vn Ca-lan-a, rng Trc, cng an c ma ma vi i chng T-kheo. By gi, c Th Tn vo ngy rm thuyt Bit gii thot1, tri ch ngi trc chng T-kheo. Ngi xong, Th Tn nhp nh qun tm cc Tkheo. Lc Th Tn thy chng T-kheo tnh ta im lng, rt im lng, khng c thy min v dt tr m ci. Chng T-kheo ngi thm thm, rt thm thm; tch tnh, rt tch tnh; vi diu, rt vi diu. Khi y Tn gi X-li-pht cng trong chng. By gi c Th Tn bo: Ny X-li-pht, chng T-kheo tnh ta, im lng, rt im lng, khng c thy min v dt tr m ci. Chng T-kheo ngi thm thm, rt thm thm; tch tnh, rt tch tnh; vi diu, rt vi diu. Ai l ngi c th knh trng, phng s chng T-kheo? Tn gi X-li-pht t ch ngi ng dy, ko lch vai o ang mc, chp tay hng v c Pht, bch rng: Bch Th Tn, chng T-kheo tnh ta, im lng, rt im lng, khng c thy min v tr m ci. Chng T-kheo ngi thm thm, rt thm thm; tch tnh, rt tch tnh; vi diu, rt vi diu nh th. Bch Th Tn, khng ai l ngi c th knh trng, phng s chng T-kheo, ch c c Th Tn mi c th phng s, knh trng Php v chng T-kheo cng vi gii, bt phng dt, b th v nh. Ch c c Th Tn mi c th knh trng, phng s m thi. c Th Tn ni: Ny X-li-pht, ng nh vy. Khng ai c th knh trng, phng s Php v chng T-kheo. Ch c Th Tn [519a] mi c th knh trng, cng vi gii, bt phng dt, b th v nh. Ch c Th Tn mi c th knh trng, phng s Php v chng T-kheo m thi. 1. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c y cc th trang sc, la, t, gm, len, nhn tay, xuyn cm tay, chui ngc khuu
1

Tng gii thot . Pli: Pimokkha.

KINH TAM THAP DU

502

tay, king eo c, vng bc2, chu ngc ci mi tc. X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni cng ging nh th, dng gii c lm trang sc. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu gii c dng lm trang sc, thy u c th x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 2. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c nm nghi trng: kim, lng, thin quan, pht trn cn bng ngc v giy cn ngc3 bo v thn cho c an n. X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no dng s gi gn cm gii bo v phm hnh, cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu cm gii bo v phm hnh, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 3. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c ngi gi ca4. X-lipht, T-kheo v T-kheo-ni ly s th h su cn lm ngi gi ca cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu s th h su cn, v y lin x c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 4. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c tng gi cng thnh thng minh, c tr tu, c s phn bit r rng. X-li-pht, Tkheo, T-kheo-ni dng chnh nim lm tng gi cng cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu chnh nim th lin x c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 5. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c h tm p, trong mt, trn y. X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng tnh tm lm h tm mt cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu tnh tm lm h tm mt, v y x c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 6. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c ngi hu tm, thng phc v tm ra. X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni ly thin tri thc lm ngi hu tm cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu vic ly thin tri thc lm ngi hu tm, v y c th x c iu c, tu tp iu thin.
2

Sanh sc ; TNM: sc tng . Pli: jtarpa, ch vng rng (ngha en: sc nguyn sinh). 3 Nghim sc t . 4 Th cc nhn .

KINH TAM THAP DU 503

7.Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c bt hng thoa thn, mt cy5, trm thy, chin n, t hp6, k thit7, lng8. X-lipht, [519b] T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng gii c lm bt hng cng li nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu gii c lm bt hng, v y x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 8. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c y phc tt p, nh o s-ma9, o gm la, o bch ip10, o da sn dng11. X-li-pht, Tkheo, T-kheo-ni dng s h thn lm y phc cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu s h thn lm y phc th x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 9. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c ging gh rt rng, cao ln. X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng T thin lm ging gh cng ging nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu T thin th lin x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 10. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c th ht tc rnh ngh, thng phc v tm gi, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng chnh nim lm th ht tc cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no dng chnh nim lm th ht tc th c th x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 11. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c n ngon lnh m diu, cc mi v c bit; ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng h lm thc n, cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu h lm thc n th c th tiu dit c iu c, tu tp thin php. 12. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c cc thc ung

Mc mt , loi g hng, dng lm hng liu. T hp , mt loi hng liu do tng hp nhiu hng liu nu thnh. 7 K thit , loi hng liu nu t c a. 8 lng , mt loi lan rng; tn ch chung cc loi lan. 9 S-ma y , Pli: khoma, o vi, vi lanh. 10 Bch ip y [ +] ; vi bng si rt mn. 11 Trong bn Hn: gia-lng-gi-ba-ha-la . Xem cht.13 kinh 61.
6

KINH TAM THAP DU

504

nh nc tri xoi12, nc chim-ba13, nc ma, nc nho, nc mt-ta14; ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni cng dng php v lm thc ung, cng nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu php v dng lm thc ung, v y lin x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 13 Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c trng hoa p, nh trng hoa sen xanh, trng hoa chim-bc, trng hoa tu-ma-na, trng hoa b-s, trng hoa a--mu-a, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, Tkheo-ni dng ba nh l Khng, V nguyn, V tng15 lm trng hoa cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu ba nh Khng, V nguyn, V tng lm trng hoa th lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 14. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c phng c, nh ca, lu qun, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng ba tr l Thin tr, Phm tr v Thnh tr16 lm nh ca, cng ging nh th. Xli-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu ba tr lm [519c] nh ca, v y lin x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. 15. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c ngi in th17, tc

Ni m , Pli: amba-pna. Chim-ba m ; c l nc tri cy dim-ph. Cf T phn 42 (tr. 873c4): nc tri cy dim-ph , mt trong th nc m Tin nhn xa dng. (Pli: jambu-pna). 14 Mt-ta- m ; mt loi ru (Pli: majja-pna). 15 Pli: tayo samdh, suato samdhi, animitto samdhi, appaihito samdhi. D.33 Sagti. 16 Tam tht : tam tr (Pli: tayo vihr). Pali: vihra, c ngha an tr, cng tr x, tinh x. Xem (xem Tp d 6 , tr. 389a7): ba tr: 1. Thin tr (Thin tht), tu bn tnh l t S thin n T thin. 2. Phm tr (Phm tht): tu bn V lng tm: t, bi, h, x. 3. Thnh tr (Thnh tht) tu bn nim x, bn nh tc, bn chnh cn, nm cn, nm lc, tht b phn, bt chnh o phn. Cf. Pl. D. 33 (iii. 218): tayo vihr dibbo vihro, brahm vohro, ariyo vihro. 17 in th ; ngi qun l h s hay vn kh.
13

12

KINH TAM THAP DU 505

ngi gi nh18, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng tr tu lm ngi gi nh cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, Tkheo-ni no dng tr tu lm ngi gi nh, v y lin x b c iu c, tu tp iu thin. `16. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c bn loi thu ca cc quc p. Phn th nht cung cp vua v hong hu, cng cc th n trong cung. Phn th hai cung cp cho thi t v qun thn. Phn th ba cung cp cho ton dn. Phn th t cung cp cho Sa-mn, B-la-mn. X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng bn nim x lm t thu cng ging nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu bn nim x dng lm thu, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 17. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c bn loi qun l tng qun, m qun, xa qun v b qun; ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheoni dng bn chnh on19 lm bn loi qun cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu bn chnh on lm bn loi qun, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 18. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c bn loi xe ti, nh xe ti bng voi, xe ti bng nga, xe ti bng xe, xe ti bng ngi; ny Xli-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng bn nh tc lm xe ti cng ging nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu bn nh tc dng lm xe ti, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 19. Ny X-li-pht, cng ging nh vua v i thn c cc loi xe trang hong bng cc loi da vn tt ca s t, cp, beo dt thnh nhng th mu sc ln ln; X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng ch qun lm xe cng ging nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu ch qun dng lm xe, v y c th x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 20. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c gi ng, tc l ngi nh xe, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng chnh nim lm k gi ng cng li nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no
18 19

Th tht . Bn chnh on , tc bn chnh cn. Pli: sammappadhn. Bn Hn, hiu l pahna (on), thay v padhna (tinh cn).

KINH TAM THAP DU

506

thnh tu chnh nim dng lm gi ng, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 21. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c cy phn cc cao, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni em tm mnh lm cy phn cc cao cng ging nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no [520a] thanh tu tm mnh lm cy phn cao, v y lin c th x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 22. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c ng i tt p, bng phng, ngay ngn, trc ch n cc cng vin, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng Thnh o tm chi lm con ng bng phng, ngay ngn, trc ch Nit-bn cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, Tkheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu Thnh o tm chi dng lm con ng bng phng, ngay ngn, trc ch Nit-bn, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 23. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c tng qun20 thng minh, tr tu, c s phn bit r rng, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, Tkheo-ni dng tr tu lm tng qun cng ging nh vy. Ny X-lipht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu tr tu dng lm tng qun, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 24. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c i chnh in cao rng, sng sa, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng tr tu lm i chnh in cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheoni no thnh tu tr tu lm i chnh in, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 25. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn bc ln trn in cao, qun st nhng ngi di thp qua li, chy nhy, i, ng, ngi, nm, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni em v lng tr tu thng ln cao in qun st tm mnh, lm cho tm trm khp, nhu nhuyn, hoan h, vin ly. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu v lng tr tu lm cao in t qun tm mnh, lm cho trm khp, nhu nhuyn, hoan h, vin ly, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin.
20

Nguyn Hn: ch binh thn .

KINH TAM THAP DU 507

26. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c Tng chnh khanh, 21 thnh tho, am hiu tng tc, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni khi dng bn Thnh chng lm Tng chnh khanh cng ging nh vy. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu bn thnh chng dng lm Tng chnh khanh. v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 27. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c lng y danh ting tr c cc bnh, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng chnh nim lm lng y cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, Tkheo-ni no thnh tu chnh nim dng lm lng y, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 28. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c chnh ng sng, tri ln bng cc th chn nm, m lng nm sc, ph ln bng cc th gm, the, la, sa trun, c chn m lt hai u gi v [520b] tri thm qu bng da sn dng, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng v ngi nh lm chnh ng sng cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, nu T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu v ngi nh lm chnh ng sng, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 29. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn c ngc bu danh ting, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni dng bt ng tm gii thot lm ngc bu danh ting cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu bt ng tm gii thot lm ngc bu danh ting, v y lin x b iu c, tu tp iu thin. 30. Ny X-li-pht, cng nh vua v i thn tm nc trong mt, thoa bt hng tt khin thn th thm sch, th ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni t qun tm mnh, khin cho thn tch tnh, cng ging nh th. Ny X-li-pht, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni no thnh tu vic qun tm mnh, khin cho thn tch tnh, v y c th knh trng, phng s Th Tn, Php v Chng T-kheo, cng vi gii, bt phng dt, b th v nh. Pht thuyt nh vy. Tn gi X-li-pht v cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.

Tng chnh khanh . Cl Pli: purohita, b-la-mn i t t, tng ng chc Tng quc.

21

KINH TAM THAP DU

508 q

70. KINH CHUYN LUN VNG Ti nghe nh vy: Mt thi c Pht tr ti Ma-u-l St-l1, trong rng xoi, trn b sng S h2. By gi, c Th Tn bo cc T-kheo rng: Ny cc T-kheo, hy t mnh thp ln ngn n php. 3 Hy nng ta ni php ca chnh mnh, ch ng thp ni khc lm ngn, 4 ng nng ta mt php khc. Ny ch T-kheo, nu ai t mnh thp ln ngn n php, t nng ta ni php ca chnh mnh, khng thp ni khc lm ngn n khc, khng nng ta mt php khc, ngi y c th cu hc, c li v phc v lng. V sao? Ny T-kheo, thu xa c vua tn l Kin Nim 5 lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l v Php vng nh php, thnh tu by bu, c bn c nh ca con ngi. Thnh tu by bu v c thnh tu by bu, c bn c nh ca con ngi l nh th no? ni trc y6 v s thnh tu by bu, c bn c nh ca con ngi.

Ma-u-l St-l , bn Pli ni Mtula, mt ngi lng ti Magadha. N.1 (6) ni l Ma-la-h-su. Ch St-l trong bn Hn ny khng r. 2 S h hay S lu, con sng chy ngang qua Nam v Bc Kosala. 3 ng t nhin php ng, t quy k php. Mc nhin d ng, mc quy d php , . , . So snh DTK.1(6): ng t x nhin, x nhin php, vt tha x nhin, ng t quy y, quy y ng Chnh ng gic php, Vt tha quy y. Pli: attadp bhikkhve viharatha attasara anaasara. dhammadp dhammasara anaasara. dp: c ngha l ngn n (Skt. dpa), hay hn o (Skt. dvpa). 4 Bt nhin d ng : (hy l ngn n ca chnh mnh) khng ly ni no khc lm ngn n. 5 Kin Nim . No.1(6): Kin C Nim. Pli: Dahanemi. 6 Xem kinh s 67.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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By gi vua Kin Nim, vo mt thi gian sau, bnh xe bu bu di chuyn, bng ri khi ch c. C ngi trng thy, n ch vua Kin Nim tu rng: Tu Thin vng, nn bit rng bnh xe bu [520c] di chuyn, ri khi ch c. Vua Kin Nim nghe xong, bo rng: Ny Thi t, bnh xe bu bu ca ta di chuyn, ri khi ch c. Thi t, chnh ta tng nghe c nhn ni rng Nu bnh xe bu bu ca Chuyn lun vng di chuyn, ri khi ch c, th vua y chc chn khng cn sng lu, mng vua khng tn ti lu na. Ny Thi t, ta hng dc lc nhn gian, nay ta s cu dc lc thin thng. Ny Thi t, ta mun co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ny Thi t, nay ta em bn chu thin h ny giao ph cho con, con hy chnh tr gio ha ng nh php, ch dng phi php, khng trong nc c ngi to c nghip v phi phm hnh. Ny Thi t, v sau nu con thy bnh xe bu bu ri khi ch c mt t th con cng phi em vic quc chnh ca nc ny giao ph cho con ca con, kho dy bo v y thc giang sn li cho n, ri con cng phi co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. By gi vua Kin Nim giao ph t nc li cho Thi t. Kho dy bo xong, vua lin co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Sau khi vua Kin Nim xut gia hc o by ngy, bnh xe bu bu y bin mt, khng thy. Lc mt bnh xe bu, vua St-l nh Sanh qu u su o no, khng hoan lc. Vua St-l nh Sanh lin n ch Tin nhn, tc vua cha Kin Nim, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, nn bit rng, sau khi Thin vng hc o mi by ngy th bnh xe bu bu bin mt, khng thy na. Cha l Tin nhn, vua Kin Nim bo con rng: Con ch v mt bnh xe bu m nh tic, u su. V sao? V con khng c bnh xe bu ny t ni cha. Vua St-l nh Sanh tha vua cha rng:

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 511

Tu Thin vng, vy con phi lm g. Cha l Tin nhn tc vua Kin Nim bo con rng: Con phi hc php tng tha7. Nu hc php tng tha th vo ngy rm thuyt Bit gii thot, sau khi tm ra v i ln chnh in, bnh xe bu y chc chn s t phng ng hin n, c ngn cm v y cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. Vua St-l nh Sanh li tha cha rng: Tu Thin vng, php tng tha nh th no m Thin vng mun bo con hc, lc hc ri, vo ngy rm, thuyt Bit gii thot, sau khi tm ra v ln chnh in, bnh xe bu bu y s t phng ng hin n; [521a] bnh xe c ngn cm v y cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi? Vua Kin Nim bo con rng: Con hy qun php nh php, thc hnh php ng nh php. Hy v thi t, hu phi, th n v cc thn dn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, cho n loi cn trng m phng tr trai gii vo nhng ngy mng tm, mi bn, mi lm, tu hnh b th. B th cho nhng ngi ngho khn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, k bn cng, ngi c c t cc phng xa li xin; em n thc ung, o chn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, khn qun v cung cp n du y . Nu trong nc con c cc bc Thng tn danh c Sa-mn, B-la-mn, th con phi ty thi i n ch ca cc v hi php, th php nh th ny: Tha Ch Tn, th no l php thin, th no l php bt thin? Th no l ti, th no l phc? Th no l diu, th no l phi diu? Th no l hc, th no l bch? Php hc bch t u sanh? Th no l mc ch8 ca cuc i ny? Th no l mc ch ca i sau? Lm th no th thin, khng th c? Sau khi nghe t cc v y, con phi thc hnh ng nh li cc v dy. Nu trong nc ca con c k bn cng th hy ly ca ci cung cp y . Ny con, l php tng tha, con
7 8

Tng k chi php . Xem kinh s 67. Hn: ngha . ngha hoc mc ch.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

512

nn kho hc. Con kho hc th vo ngy rm, thuyt Bit gii thot, sau khi tm ra v ln chnh in, chc chn Bnh xe bu y s t phng ng hin n, c ngn cm v y cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. Vua St-l nh Sanh sau lin qun php ng nh php, thc hnh php ng nh php, v thi t, hu phi, th n v cc thn dn, Samn, B-la-mn, cho n loi cn trng m phng tr trai gii vo cc ngy mng tm, mi bn v mi lm, tu hnh b th. B th cho nhng ngi ngho khn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, k bn cng, ngi c c t cc phng xa li xin; em cho n thc ung, y, mn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, khn qun v cung cp du n y . Nu trong nc ca vua c cc bc Thng tn danh c Sa-mn, B-la-mn th vua ty thi ch thn n ch cc v hi php, th php th ny: Tha Ch Tn, th no l php thin, th no l php bt thin? Th no l ti, th no l phc? Th no l diu, th no l phi diu? Th no l hc, th no l bch? Php hc bch t u sanh? Th no l mc ch ca i ny? Th no l mc ch ca i sau? Lm th no th thin m khng th c? [521b] Sau khi nghe h ni, vua thc hnh ng nh php nhng li cc v dy. Nu trong nc ca vua c k bn cng, vua lin ly ca ci ty thi cung cp y . Sau , vua St-l nh Sanh vo ngy rm thuyt Bit gii thot, sau khi tm ra bn ln chnh in. Khi y Bnh xe bu y t phng ng hin n, c ngn cm v y cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. vua c lm Chuyn lun vng, cng thnh tu by bu, cng c bn c nh ca con ngi. Thnh tu by bu v c bn c nh ca con ngi nh th no? iu ny ni trc. Vua Chuyn lun vng y, vo mt thi gian sau, bnh xe bu bng nhin ri khi ch c mt t, c ngi trng thy, lin n ch vua Chuyn lun vng tu rng: Tu Thin vng, nn bit cho rng bnh xe bu ri khi ch c mt t.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 513

Chuyn lun vng nghe xong lin bo thi t: Ny Thi t, bnh xe bu ca ta ri khi ch c. Ny Thi t, ta tng nghe t Ph vng ta l vua Kin Nim ni nh th ny: Nu bnh xe bu ca vua Chuyn lun vng ri khi ch c th vua y chc chn khng cn sng lu, mng vua khng cn tn ti bao lu na. Ny Thi t, ta hng dc lc ca th gian, nay ta cu dc lc thin thng. Ny Thi t, ta mun co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Ny Thi t, con hy chnh tr gio ha ng nh php, ch ng phi php, khng cho trong nc c nhng ngi to c nghip v phi phm hnh. Ny Thi t, v sau nu con thy bnh xe bu ri khi ch c, th con cng phi em vic quc chnh ca nc ny giao ph li cho con ca con, kho dy bo v y thc giang sn li cho n, ri con cng co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. By gi, vua Chuyn lun vng y giao ph t nc cho thi t, kho dy bo xong, lin co b ru tc, mc o ca-sa, ch tn t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o. Sau khi vua Chuyn lun vng y xut gia hc o c by ngy th bnh xe bu bu y bin mt khng thy. Lc mt bnh xe bu, vua St-l nh Sanh khng u su m li nhim dc, trc dc, tham dc, khng nhm tm, b dc tri buc, b l thuc vo dc, khng thy tai ha ca dc, khng bit s xut ly khi dc, t cai tr t nc theo ca mnh nn t nc suy vong, khng phc hng ni. Nh cc v Chuyn lun vng thu xa hc php tng tha, nn t nc nhn dn cng hng thnh thm mi, khng h suy gim; tri li [521c] vua St-l nh Sanh t cai tr t nc theo mnh. V t cai tr t nc theo mnh nn t nc suy vong, khng phc hng ni. By gi, B-la-mn Quc s i quan st tnh cnh t nc, thy t nc nhn dn suy vong, khng phc hng ni, lin ngh rng: Vua St-l nh Sanh t cai tr t nc theo ca vua. V cai tr t nc theo ca vua nn t nc nhn dn suy vong, khng phc hng ni. Nh cc bc Chuyn lun vng thu xa hc php tng tha nn t nc nhn dn cng hng thnh thm mi, khng h suy gim; tri li vua St-l nh Sanh ny t cai tr t nc theo ca vua. V cai tr t nc theo ca vua nn nhn dn t nc suy vong, khng phc

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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hng ni. B-la-mn Quc s lin n vua St-l nh Sanh tha rng: Tu Thin vng, nn bit rng, Thin vng t cai tr t nc theo ca Thin vng. V cai tr t nc theo ca Thin vng nn t nc nhn dn suy gim, khng phc hng ni. Nh cc v Chuyn lun vng thu xa hc php tng tha nn t nc nhn dn cng hng thnh mi, khng h suy gim. Nay Thin vng th tri li, cai tr t nc theo ca Thin vng nn t nc nhn dn suy vong, khng phc hng ni. Nghe xong, vua St-l nh Sanh bo rng: Ny B-la-mn, ta phi lm th no? B-la-mn Quc s tr li: Tu Thin vng, trong nc c ngi thng minh tr tu, am tng ton s. Trong nc c i thn v quyn thuc hc kinh, hiu r kinh, tng tp, th tr php tng tha. Khi hc php tng tha th vo ngy rm thuyt Bit gii thot, Thin vng tm ra, ln chnh in, bnh xe bu y chc chn t phng ng hin n, c ngn cm v y cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. Vua St-l nh Sanh li hi: Ny B-la-mn, php tng tha nh th no m B-la-mn mun ta hc, lc hc ri, vo ngy rm thuyt Bit gii thot, sau khi tm ra v ln chnh in, bnh xe bu t phng ng hin n, c mt ngn cm, y cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi lm, mu sc t nh nh la, chi li sng ngi? B-la-mn Quc s tha rng: Tu Thin vng, Thin vng hy qun php ng nh php, thc hnh php ng nh php. Hy v thi t, hu phi, th n v cc thn dn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn [522a] cho n loi cn trng m phng tr trai gii. Vo nhng ngy mng tm, mi bn v ngy rm tu hnh b th. B th cho nhng ngi ngho khn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, k bn cng, ngi c c t cc phng xa li xin, em cho n thc ung, y, mn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, chn qun v cung cp n du y . Nu trong nc c nhng bc thng tn danh c Sa-mn, B-la-mn th Thin vng hy ty thi, i

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 515

n ch ca cc ngi hi php, th php nh th ny: Tha Ch Tn, th no l php thin, th no l php bt thin? Th no l ti, th no l phc? Th no l diu, th no l phi diu? Th no l hc, th no l bch? Php hc bch t u sanh? Th no l mc ch ca i ny? Th no l mc ch ca i sau lm th no th thin m khng th c? Khi c nghe xong, Thin vng nn thc hnh ng nh li cc ngi dy. Nu trong nc ca Thin vng c k bn cng th nn ly ca ci trong cung cung cp y . Tu Thin vng, l php tng tha, Thin vng nn kho hc v ghi nh, ri vo ngy rm thuyt Bit gii thot, sau khi tm ra v ln chnh in, Thin vng, bnh xe bu bu y chc chn s t phng ng hin n, c mt ngn cm v cc b phn, thanh tnh t nhin, chng phi do ngi to, mu sc nh nh la, chi li sng ngi. Sau , vua St-l nh Sanh lin qun php ng nh php, thc hnh ng nh php, v th n, hu phi v cc thn dn, Sa-mn, B-la-mn cho n loi cn trng m phng tr trai gii vo ngy mng tm, mi bn v ngy rm, tu hnh b th, b th cho nhng ngi ngho khn, Samn, B-la-mn, k bn cng, ngi c c t cc phng xa li xin, em cho n, thc ung, y, mn, xe c, trng hoa, bt hoa, bt hng, nh ca, ging nm, m lng, khn qun v cung cp n du y . Nu trong nc c cc bc Thng tn danh c, Sa-mn, B-la-mn th vua ch thn ty thi n ch cc v y hi php, th php nh th ny: Tha ch tn, th no l php thin, th no l php bt thin? Th no l ti, th no l phc? Th no l diu, th no l phi diu? Th no hc, th no l bch? Php hc bch t u sanh? Th no l mc ch ca i ny? Th no l mc ch ca i sau? Lm th no th thin m khng th c? Khi nghe xong, vua thc hnh ng nh li cc ngi ch bo. Nhng trong nc c ngi bn cng, vua khng em vt dng cp pht. Do k ngho khn khng c ca ci, ngho kh li cng ngho kh hn. V ngho khn nn n trm vt dng ca k khc, v n trm nn [522b] b ch nhn rnh bt tri em n vua St-l nh Sanh, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, ngi ny n trm vt dng ca con, xin Thin vng trng tr.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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Vua St-l nh Sanh hi ti nhn: Qu tht ngi c n trm? Ngi y p: Tu Thin vng, qu tht con c n trm. V sao? Tu Thin vng, v ngho khn. Nu khng n trm th khng c g sng. Vua St-l nh Sanh lin em ca ci cp pht cho v ni vi ngi n trm rng: Ngi hy tr v v sau ny ch tri phm. By gi, dn chng trong nc nghe ni v vua St-l nh Sanh nh th ny: Nu trong nc c ai trm cp th Vua lin em ca ci cp pht cho, Do , c ngi ngh rng: Chng ta cng nn n cp ca ci k khc. T , dn chng trong nc ai cng tranh nhau trm cp ca ci k khc. V th, ngi ngho khn khng c ca ci, khng c cp pht, cng tr nn ngho khn hn, nn nn trm cp cng lan trn. V trm cp lan trn nn tui th con ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu. Ny T-kheo, sau khi tui th ca con ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu th ngi cha th tm vn tui, con th bn vn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th bn vn tui, c ngi trm cp vt dng ca k khc, ch nhn rnh bt tri em n vua St-l nh Sanh, tha rng: Tu thin vng, ngi ny trm cp vt dng ca con, xin Thin vng trng tr. Vua St-l nh Sanh hi ngi ly trm: Qu thit ngi c n trm phi khng? Ngi y p: Tu Thin vng, qu con c n trm. V sao? V ngho khn. Nu khng n trm, con khng c g sng. Nghe xong, vua St-l nh Sanh ngh rng: Nu trong nc ta c nn trm cp m ta li em ca ci cp pht y , nh vy ch lm cho kho tng ca quc gia kh kit, dung tng cho nn trm cp lan trn. Ta nn rn dao tht bn, nu trong nc ta c ai trm cp th bt tri ngay di gc cy nu cao v chm u n.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 517

Sau , vua St-l nh Sanh h lnh rn dao tht bn. Nu trong nc c ai trm cp vt dng ca k khc th cho bt tri di cy nu cao m chm u. Ngi trong nc by gi nghe vua St-l nh Sanh ra lnh rn dao tht bn, nu trong nc c ai n trm vt dng ca k khc th cho bt tri di cy nu cao v chm u, dn chng bn ngh rng: Ta cng nn bt chc rn dao tht bn, mang i n trm vt dng. Nu ly vt dng ca ai th bt ch nhn ca vt y m chm u. T v sau, nhng ngi n trm thi nhau rn dao bn mang i n trm vt dng, bt cc ch nhn m [522c] chm u. Do , k ngho khn khng ca ci, khng c cp pht, cng ngho khn hn. V cng ngho khn hn nn nn trm cp cng lan trn. V nn trm cp cng lan trn nn s chm git cng tng ln. Do tui th ca loi ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu. Ny T-kheo, sau khi tui th gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu th ngi cha ch cn bn vn tui v con th hai vn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th hai vn tui, c ngi n trm vt dng ca k khc, ch nhn bt tri dn ti vua St-l nh Sanh, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, ngi ny n trm vt dng ca con, xin Thin vng trng tr. Vua St-l nh Sanh hi ti nhn: Qu tht ngi c n trm phi khng? By gi, ngi n trm ngh rng: Vua St-l nh Sanh nu bit s tht ny th s tri v nh mnh, hoc vt nm, hoc tn xut, hoc pht tin ca, hoc trng tr au n cch, hoc treo ln cy ri bu u mnh. C l mnh dng li ni di, la gt vua St-l nh Sanh chng? Ngh xong, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, ti khng ly trm. Do k ngho khn khng c ca ci, khng c cp pht, cng ngho khn hn. V cng ngho khn hn nn nn trm cp cng lan trn mi. V s trm cp cng lan trn nn s chm git gia tng. V s chm git gia tng nn s ni di, ni hai li nhiu hn. V s ni di, ni hai li nhiu hn nn tui th ca loi ngi cng gim xung, hnh sc tr

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

518

nn th xu. Ny T-kheo, lc tui th gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu th ngi cha ch th hai vn tui, ngi con ch th mt vn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th mt vn tui th trong nhn dn c ngi c c, c ngi v c. Nu ai v c th ghen ght ngi c c v phm t hnh vi v ca ngi. Do k ngho khn khng c ca ci, khng c cp pht, cng ngho khn hn. V cng ngho khn nn nn trm cp cng lan trn. V trm cp lan trn nn chm git gia tng. V chm git gia tng nn ni di, ni hai li gia tng. V ni di, ni hai li gia tng nn tt , t dm gia tng. V tt , t dm gia tng nn tui th ca loi ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu. Ny T-kheo, lc tui th gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu th ngi cha ch th mt vn tui, ngi con ch th nm ngn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th hai ngn nm trm tui th ba php khc li hng thnh; l, lng thit, c khu v ph phim. V ba php ny hng thnh nn [523a] tui th ca loi ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu. Ny T-kheo, lc tui th loi ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu th ngi cha ch th hai ngn nm trm tui, ngi con ch th mt ngn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th mt ngn tui th mt php hng thnh, l t kin. V php ny hng thnh nn tui th loi ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu. Ny T-kheo, lc tui th loi ngi gim xung, hnh sc tr nn th xu, th ngi cha ch th mt ngn tui, ngi con ch th nm trm tui. Ny T-kheo, khi loi ngi th nm trm tui th con ngi lc y hon ton9 khng hiu tho vi cha m, khng knh trng Sa-mn, B-lamn, khng lm vic thun li, khng to phc nghip, khng thy ti i sau. Lc loi ngi khng hiu tho vi cha m, khng knh trng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, khng lm vic thun li, khng to phc nghip, khng thy ti i sau, cho nn ny T-kheo, lc ngi cha ch th nm trm tui, ngi con ch th hai trm nm mi tui, hoc hai trm
9

Trong bn: tn th (sut i). C l d ch th. TNM khng c.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 519

tui. Ny T-kheo, hin gi nu c ai c trng th th c mt trm tui v c th l khng chng. c Pht li bo: Mt thi gian lu xa v i v lai, s c lc con ngi ch th mi tui; khi y con gi sanh ra mi nm thng10 ly chng. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, c mt ging la tn l bi t11, l thc n ngon nht. Cng nh la go12 l thc n ngon nht ca loi ngi hm nay. Ny T-kheo, cng ging nh th, lc con ngi th mi tui th c loi la tn l bi t, l mn n ngon nht. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, nhng th m v m ngy nay hin c nh t-du, mui, mt13, ma, ng th thi y nhng th ny s bin mt tt. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, nu ai to mi c nghip o th k y s c ngi khc knh trng. Cng nh hin gi, nu ai to mi thin nghip o th k y c ngi khc knh trng. Ny Tkheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, cng nh vy, nu ai to mi c nghip o th k y c ngi khc knh trng. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui th hon ton khng c mt danh t thin, hung na l c to mi thin nghip o. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, c ngi tn l n Pht14, i n khp mi nh m n pht. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, th m i vi con c tm git hi rt mnh lit, con i vi m cng c tm git hi rt mnh lit. Cha con, anh em, ch em thn thuc i vi nhau u c tm git hi ln

Hn: ng nguyt . Cf. No 1(6), cung vy. Pl. D 26: pacavassik kumrik alapateyy bhavissanti, con gi nm tui s i ly chng. 11 Bi t ; loi c ging nh la. Pli: ht kudrsa. 12 Canh lng ; Pli: sli-mamsodana. 13 Trong bn: dim, mt . Theo lit k thng thng thi ch ny l thch mt tc mt ma. 14 n pht ; n hch v trng pht?

10

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

520

nhau. Cng nh ngi th sn trng thy con nai th c tm git hi rt mnh lit. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui cng li nh th, m i vi con c tm git hi rt mnh lit. Cha con, anh em, ch em quyn thuc [523b] i vi nhau u c tm git hi ln nhau. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th mi tui, c nn ao binh by ngy15. Nu ai c nm c th c bin thnh dao. Nu nm cy ci th cy ci cng bin thnh dao. Ai cng dng dao y git hi ln nhau. Qua by ngy, nn ao binh chm dt. By gi cng c ngi bit thn thng, xu h, nhm tm, chn ght, khng a nhng s hung c kia. Lc c nn ao binh by ngy, h i vo ni non hoc ng ni, n nu ni yn n. Sau by ngy y, th t ni non ng ni, ni yn n i ra, trng thy nhau sanh lng thng mn, quyn luyn nhau v cng. Cng nh m hin ch c mt a con xa cch lu ngy, nay t phng xa tr li gia nh yn n, m con thy nhau hoan h, sanh lng thng mn nhau v cng. Nhng ngi kia, sau by ngy t ni non ng ni, ni yn n i ra, trng thy nhau sanh lng thng mn, quyn luyn nhau v cng, cng ging nh th. Trng thy nhau ri, lin ni rng: Ch Hin, ta nay thy nhau cn c yn n. Chng ta v to php bt thin nn gp g ni y, thn thuc cht sch. Chng ta hy cng nhau thc hnh thin php. Lm th no chng ta cng thc hnh thin php? Chng ta u l k st nhn, nay nn xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh, chng ta nn thc hnh thin php y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau thc hnh thin php, tui th lin tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th mi tui sanh ra con th hai mi tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th hai mi tui li ngh rng: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Chng ta nn cng nhau lm iu thin nhiu hn. Lm th no chng ta cng lm iu thin nhiu hn? Chng ta hy xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh nhng vn cn ly ca khng cho. Chng ta nn xa la vic ly ca khng cho, on tr vic ly ca khng cho. Chng ta nn cng nhau lm iu thin

15

ao binh kip . Pli: satthantara-kappa.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 521

y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm iu thin nh th. Khi lm iu thin y, tui th li tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th hai mi tui sanh con th bn mi tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th bn mi tui cng ngh nh th ny: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Chng ta nn lm vic thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta lm vic thin nhiu hn na? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh, xa la vic ly ca khng cho, nhng vn cn t dm. Chng ta nn [523c] xa la t dm, on tr t dm. Chng ta nn lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm iu thin nh th. Khi lm iu thin y, tui th li tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th bn mi tui sanh con th tm mi tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th tm mi tui cng ngh th ny: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Chng ta cng nhau lm iu thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta cng nhau lm iu thin nhiu hn? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh, xa la vic ly ca khng cho, on tr vic ly ca khng cho, xa la t dm, on tr t dm, nhng vn cn ni di. Chng ta nn xa la ni di, on tr ni di. Chng ta nn lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin y. Khi lm vic thin y th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, khi loi ngi tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th tm mi tui sanh con th mt trm su mi tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th mt trm su mi tui cng ngh nh th ny: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p , chng ta nn cng nhau hc iu thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta cng lm vic thin nhiu hn na? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la trm cp, on tr trm cp; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la ni di, on tr ni di, nhng chng ta vn cn ni hai li. Chng ta nn xa la ni hai li on tr ni hai li. Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic thin

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

522

y, tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th mt trm su mi tui sanh con th ba trm hai mi tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th ba trm hai mi tui cng ngh rng: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p , chng ta nn cng nhau hc iu thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta cng lm vic thin nhiu hn na? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la trm cp, on tr trm cp; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la ni di, on tr ni di; xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li, nhng vn cn ni th c. Chng ta nn xa la li ni th c, on tr li ni th c. Chng ta nn lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic thin y, tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th ba trm hai mi tui sanh con th su trm bn mi tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th su trm bn mi tui cng ngh rng: Nu cu [524a] hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p , chng ta nn cng nhau hc iu thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta cng lm vic thin nhiu hn? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la trm cp, on tr trm cp; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la ni di, on tr ni di, xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li; xa la ni th c, on tr ni th c, nhng chng ta vn cn ni ph phim. Chng ta nn xa la ni ph phim, on tr ni ph phim. Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic thin y, tui th lin tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th su trm bn mi tui sanh con th hai ngn nm trm tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th hai ngn nm trm tui cng ngh rng: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta lm vic thin nhiu hn? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la trm cp, on tr trm cp; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la ni di, on tr ni di, xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li; xa

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 523

la ni th c, on tr ni th c, xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim, nhng cn tham lam tt . Chng ta nn xa la tham lam tt , on tr tham lam tt . Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic thin y, tui th lin tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th hai ngn nm trm tui sanh con th nm ngn tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th nm ngn tui cng ngh rng: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta lm vic thin nhiu hn? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la vic ly ca khng cho, on tr vic ly ca khng cho; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la li ni di, on tr li ni di, xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li; xa la ni th c, on tr ni th c, xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim, xa la tham lam tt , on tr tham lam tt , nhng vn cn sn hn. Chng ta nn xa la sn nhu, on tr sn nhu. Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic thin y, tui th lin tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th nm ngn tui sanh con th mt vn tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th mt vn tui cng ngh rng: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . [524b] Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta lm vic thin nhiu hn? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la vic ly ca khng cho, on tr vic ly ca khng cho; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la ni di, on tr ni di, xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li; xa la li ni th c, on tr li ni th c, xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim, xa la tham lam tt , on tr tham lam tt , xa la sn nhu, on tr sn nhu, nhng vn cn t kin. Chng ta nn xa la t kin, on tr t kin. Chng ta nn cng nhau tu hc vic thin ny. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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thin y, tui th lin tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th mt vn tui sanh con th hai vn tui. Ny T-kheo, ngi th hai vn tui cng ngh rng: Nu cu hc iu thin th tui th tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin nhiu hn na. Lm th no chng ta lm vic thin nhiu hn? Chng ta xa la st sanh, on tr st sanh; xa la vic ly ca khng cho, on tr vic ly ca khng cho; xa la t dm, on tr t dm; xa la ni di, on tr ni di, xa la ni hai li, on tr ni hai li; xa la li ni th c, on tr li ni th c, xa la li ni ph phim, on tr li ni ph phim, xa la tham lam tt , on tr tham lam tt , xa la sn nhu, on tr sn nhu, xa la t kin, on tr t kin, nhng vn cn c phi php dc, c tham hnh v t php. Chng ta nn xa la ba php c bt thin ny, on tr ba php c bt thin ny. Chng ta nn cng nhau lm vic thin y. Nhng ngi kia cng nhau lm vic thin nh th. Khi lm vic thin y, tui th lin tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p . Ny T-kheo, lc tui th ca loi ngi tng ln, hnh sc tr nn p th ngi th hai vn tui sanh con th bn vn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th bn vn tui th bit hiu thun vi cha m, tn trng cung knh Sa-mn, B-la-mn, lm vic thun li, tu tp phc nghip, thy ti li i sau. Loi ngi nhn v hiu thun vi cha m, cung knh tn trng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, lm vic thun li, tu tp phc nghip, thy ti i sau, cho nn ny T-kheo, ngi th bn vn tui sanh con th tm vn tui. Ny T-kheo, lc ngi th tm vn tui, chu Dim-ph ny giu c cng tt, nhn dn ng c, thn p gn nhau bng khong cch con g bay. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th tm vn tui, con gi n nm trm tui mi c th ly chng. Ny T-kheo, lc con ngi th tm vn tui th ch c nhng chng bnh nh i tiu tin, nng, lnh, mun n ung v gi.16 Ngoi ra, khng cn tai ha no na.
16

No 1(6): chn th bnh: lnh, nng, i, kht, i tin, tiu tin, tham dc,

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 525

Ny T-kheo, lc loi ngi th tm vn tui, [524c] c mt v vua tn l Loa17 lm Chuyn lun vng, thng minh tr tu, c bn loi qun chnh tr thin h, t do t ti, l v Php vng nh php, thnh tu by bu. By bu l lun bu, voi bu, nga bu, ngc bu, n bu, c s bu, tng qun bu; l by bu. vua c ngn ngi con thng minh tr tu, dung mo khi ng, dng mnh khng s, hng phc c ch qun. vua thng lnh qu t ny cho n b c, khng dng dao gy, ch dng php gio ha, khin nhn dn an lc.18 Ny T-kheo, cc vua St-l nh Sanh lm nhn ch chnh tr thin h, i li trong cnh gii ca chnh mnh m ph vng truyn li nn tui th khng gim xung, hnh sc khng th xu, cha tng mt hoan lc, sc lc cng khng suy. Ny T-kheo, cc ngi cng phi nh vy, co b ru tc, mc o casa, ch tn, t b gia nh, sng khng gia nh, xut gia hc o, i li trong cnh gii ca chnh mnh m ph vng truyn li, nn tui th khng gim xung, hnh sc khng th xu, cha tng mt an lc, th lc cng khng suy. Th no gi l T-kheo i li trong cnh gii ca chnh mnh m ph vng truyn li? l T-kheo qun thn trn ni thn, th trn th, tm trn tm, php trn php19. Nh th gi l T-kheo i li trong cnh gii ca chnh mnh m ph vng truyn li. Th no gi l tui th ca T-kheo? T-kheo y tu dc nh nh tc, y vin ly, y v dc, y dit tn, hng dn n xut yu; tu tinh tn nh, tu tm nh, tu t duy nh, nh tc, y vin ly, y v dc, y dit tn, hng n xut yu. l tui th ca T-kheo. Th no l sc ca T-kheo? l T-kheo tu tp cm gii, th h Bit

ham n v gi. D 26 (iii. tr. 75), ch c ba th bnh: ham mun, i v gi (manussesu tayo bdh bhavissanti, icch, anasana, jar). 17 Loa . Pli: Sakha. 18 Bn Hn ny khng c on ni v Pht Di-c xut th. Xem No 1(6), tr. 42a; Pl. D. 26, tr. iii. 83. 19 Hn: qun ni gic tm php nh php. Bn Hn chp d ch ni.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

526

gii thot gii, li kho thu nhip cc oai nghi l tit, thy ti nh cng thng canh cnh lo s, th tr hc gii. l sc ca T-kheo. Th no l lc ca T-kheo? l T-kheo ly dc, ly php c bt thin, cho n chng c cnh thin th t, thnh tu v an tr. l lc ca T-kheo. Th no l lc ca T-kheo? l T-kheo dit sch cc lu, chng c v lu, tm gii thot, tu gii thot, trong i hin ti t tri t gic, t thn tc chng, thnh tu v an tr, bit nh tht rng: S sanh dt, phm hnh vng, vic cn lm lm xong, khng cn ti sanh na. l lc ca T-kheo. Ny T-kheo, Ta khng thy c lc no khng g c th hng phc c nh lc ca Ma vng. Cho nn T-kheo lu tn phi dng [525a] lc ca v thng tr tu mi hng phc c. Pht thuyt nh th. Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Pht thuyt, hoan h phng hnh.20 q

20

Bn Hn, ht quyn 15.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 527

71. KINH T-T [525a12] Ti nghe nh vy. Mt thi Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip887 tr ti nc Cu-tt-la cng vi i chng Tkheo, i n T-ha-888, tr trong rng Thi-nhip-ha889 v pha Bc mt ngi lng ca th trn ny. By gi trong p T-ha- c vua tn l T-t890, giu c cng tt, ca ci v lng, sn nghip chn nui khng th tnh ton, phng h, thc p y mi th. Tt c sui, h, c cy p T-ha- u thuc v vua, l phong p do vua Ba-t-nc, nc Cu-tt-la cp cho. By gi, cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- nghe n rng, C Sa-mn tn l Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tr ti nc Cu-tt-la, cng vi i chng T-kheo i n th trn T-ha-, tr ti rng Thi-nhip-ha v pha Bc mt ngi lng ca th trn ny. Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip c danh ting ln lao, mi phng u nghe. Cu-ma-la Ca-dip l bc bin ti v ngi, li ni vi diu, l bc a vn, l A-la-hn891. Nu ai yt kin v A-la-hn ny, cung knh l bi th c thin li. Chng ta c th i n yt kin Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip ny. Nghe th, cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- ln hng Bc, n rng Thi-nhip-ha. By gi, vua T-t trn chnh in, trng thy t xa cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha-, mi ngi cng vi nhm ca mnh, theo nhau i t T-ha- ln hng Bc, n rng Thi-nhip-ha. Vua T-t thy vy, hi ngi hu rng: Hm nay v c g cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- ny mi ngi cng vi [525b] nhm ca mnh, theo nhau i t T-ha- ln hng Bc, n rng Thi-nhip-ha? Ngi hu tha rng: Tu Thin vng, 892 cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- kia nghe rng c Sa-mn Cuma-la Ca-dip tr ti nc Cu-tt-la cng vi i chng T-kheo, n th trn T-ha- ny, tr ti rng Thi-nhip-ha, v pha Bc mt ngi lng ca th trn ny. Tu Thin vng, Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip c danh ting ln lao, mi phng u nghe. Ngi l bc bin ti v ngi, li ni vi diu, l bc a vn, l A-la-hn. Nu ai yt kin v

Cu-ma-la Ca-dip . No.1 (7): ng n Ca-dip . Pli: Kumrakassapa, ni danh xut sc v bin lun. Ngi c gi l Kumra, Vng t hay ng t, v c vua nui, xut gia mi ln by. 888 T-ha- . No 1(7): T-ba-h . Pli: Setavy, th trn ca Kosala. 889 Thi-nhip-ha lm ; Pli: Sisapavana. C mt khu rng Sisapavana lavi v mt khu Kosambi. 890 T-t ; No.1 (7): T Tc . Pli: Pysi, th trng th trn Setavy. Bn Pli gi ng l rjao, S gii ni: anabhisittakarj, khng phi l vua Qun nh, tc ch l ngi thuc vng tc, hai i quan, ch khng phi l vua. 891 Bn vn: A-la-ha : A-la-hn, ch chung Thnh nhn. 892 Trong bn hn ng c hiu l vua. nn tn xng l Thin vng.

887

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A-la-hn ny, cung knh l bi th c thin li. Chng ta c th n yt kin Samn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip y. Tu Thin vng, do cc B-la-mn, c s cng vi nhm ca mnh theo nhau i t T-ha- ln hng Bc, n rng Thi-nhip-ha. Vua T-t nghe xong, lin bo ngi hu: Ngi hy n cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- y, ni rng Vua T-t bo cc Bla-mn, c s x T-ha-: Ny cc ngi hy i, ta s cng cc ngi n yt kin Cu-ma-la Ca-dip y. Cc ngi ngu si ng Sa-mn y la gt ni rng c i sau, c chng sanh ha sanh893. Ta thy nh vy, ch trng nh vy: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Ngi hu vng li, lin n ch cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- ni rng: Vua T-t bo cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- nh th ny: Cc ngi hy i. Ta s cng vi cc ngi i n yt kin Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip. Cc ngi ngu si ng Sa-mn y la gt ni rng C i sau, c chng sanh ha sanh. Ta quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- nghe lnh y, bo ngi hu: Xin tun theo lnh truyn. Ngi hu tr li tu vi vua: Ti cng b mnh lnh ca vua ri. Cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- y ang i Thin vng; mong Thin vng bit cho, n thi. By gi vua T-t bo ngi nh xe: Ngi mau sa son xa gi. Ta nay mun i. Ngi nh xe vng li, sa son xa gi xong, lin tr li tu vi vua rng: Tu Thin vng, xa gi sa son xong, ch Thin vng. Lc vua T-t lin ci xe i n ch cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha-, ri cng nhau n rng Thi-nhip-ha. Khi vua T-t t xa trng thy Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip gia rng cy, lin xung xe i n ch Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, [525c] cho hi nhau ri ngi qua mt bn, tha rng: Ny Ca-dip, ti nay mun hi, thy c nghe chng? Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p: Vua T-t, mun hi iu g th c hi. Ti nghe xong s suy ngh. By gi vua T-t lin hi: Ny Ca-dip, ti quan nim th ny, ch trng th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip ngh sao? Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p:
Hu hu th, hu chng sanh sanh . No.1 (7): Hu hu th, hu cnh sanh. Pli: atthi paraloko, atthi satt opaptik: C th gii khc (i sau, ch thin v a ngc), c ha sanh hu tnh.
893

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 529

Vua T-t, ti nay hi vua, vua hiu th no tr li th y. vua th no, mt tri, mt trng ny thuc v th gii ny hay th gii khc894? Vua T-t p: Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng?895 Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, cn c l do. Ny Ca-dip, ti c ngi thn b bnh trm trng. Ti i n ch bnh nhn, ni vi n rng: Bn nn bit, ta quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Ny bn, tri li c Sa-mn, B-la-mn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: C i sau, c chng sanh ha sanh. Ta thng khng tin ch trng ca nhng k y. Nhng k y li bo rng: Nu c k nam n lm vic c, khng tinh tn, li bing, ganh ght, bn sn, tham lam, khng i lng, khng thi n, m trc ca ci; do nhn duyn y, khi thn hoi mng chung, k y chc chn i vo c x, sanh vo a ngc. Ny bn, nu Sa-mn, B-la-mn y ni nh vy m ng th bn l ngi rut tht ca ta, lm vic c, khng tinh tn, bing nhc, ganh ght, bn sn, tham lam, khng i lng, khng thi n, m trc ca ci; nu thn hoi mng chung, bn chc chn s sanh n c x, sanh vo a ngc, vy bn hy tr li tin cho ta hay th ny: Ny T-t, trong a ngc y kh nh th ny, ng nh by gi ti chng kin. Ny Ca-dip, ngi thn y nghe ti ni nhn li, th m khng bao gi tr li ni tin cho ti hay nh th ny: Ny vua T-t, trong a ngc kia, kh nh th ny. Ca-dip, nhn s kin ny nn ti ngh rng: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo: Vua T-t, ti li hi vua. Vua hiu th no tr li th y. Nu c thuc h ca vua bt tri mt ti nhn, em n trc vua, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, ngi ny c ti, xin Thin vng trng tr. Vua bo, [526a] Cc ngi hy em tri cht hai tay ra ng sau, b n ln la ch i, nh trng ln ting nh ting la ku, tuyn b cho khp ni bit, ri a ra cng thnh pha Nam, bt ngi di cy nu cao ri chm u n. Thuc h vng li, lin tri tay ti nhn ra ng sau, b ln la ch i, nh trng ln ting nh la ku, tuyn b cho khp ni bit xong, a ra cng thnh hng Nam, bt ngi di cy nu cao, mun chm u n. Ti nhn sp cht ni vi ao ph rng: ng hy hon cho ti mt lc. Ti mun gp cha m, v con, t gi, ngi a tin. Hy ti tm thi ra
894

Paro loko, Hn thng dch l hu th (i sau); nhng trong ting Phn, cng c ngha l th gii (hay th gian) khc. Cho nn cu tr li c v d nh th.

Nguyn Hn:cnh hu c: Cn c s c no hn ci ny na khng? Chng t c s nhm ln trong bn hn. Cf. No 1(7): C nhn duyn g? Pli: atthi pana pariyyo: c l do no C l trong bn Hn c l ppyo (s c) thay v c l pariyyo (l do). y y theo cc bn khc sa li cho ph hp ni dung.

895

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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i. vua ngh sao? Ngi ao ph c th cho ti nhn y tm thi ra i t lu khng? Vua T-t p: Khng th, Ca-dip. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip li bo: Ngi thn ca vua cng li nh th, lm vic c, khng tinh tn, bing nhc, ganh ght, bn sn, tham lam, khng thi n, khng i lng, m trc ca ci. Do nhn duyn y, khi thn hoi mng chung, chc chn i n c x, sanh vo a ngc. Lc ngc tt bt ra hnh h au n, ngi thn ca vua ni vi ngc tt rng: Tha cc Ngc tt, cc ng hy khoan mt lc, ch hnh h ta au n. Ta mun tm thi i n vua T-t bo cho vua hay rng trong ngc tt kia kh nh th ny, nh th ny, m ti chng kin vua th no? Ngc tt kia c th th cho ngi thn ca vua tm thi ra i khng? Vua T-t p: Khng th, Ca-dip. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo rng: Vua hy qun st v i sau cng li nh vy, ch ng ging nh ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny T-t, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn on tuyt dc, hng n ly dc; on tuyt sn nhu, hng n ly sn nhu; on tuyt si, hng n ly si; v y dng thin nhn thanh tnh, hn hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh ny lc sanh lc t, khi p khi xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x hay bt thin x, ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to, v y thy hin tng y ng nh tht. Vua T-t li ni: Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c [526b] chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng? Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, li cn c l do khc hn l do ny. Ny Ca-dip, ti c ngi thn lm bnh trm trng, ti n ch bnh nhn, ni vi n rng: Bn nn bit, ti quan nim th ny, ch trng th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Ny bn thn yu, tri li c Sa-mn, B-la-mn quan nim th ny, ch trng nh th ny: C i sau, c chng sanh ha sanh. Ti thng khng tin nhng k kia v ch trng ca h. H cho rng: Nu c k nam ngi n no c diu hnh, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn, khng tham lam, c i lng, c thi n, ci m, phng x, cung cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, lm cho h thng an lc, b th, khng tham m ca ci; k kia do nhn duyn y, khi thn hoi mng chung, chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. Ny bn thn yu, nu Sa-mn, B-la-mn ni nh vy m ng, vy th bn l ngi thn rut tht ca ti, c hnh vi tt, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn, tham lam, c i lng, c

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 531

thi n, sng ci m, phng x, chu cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, lm cho h c an lc, b th, khng m trc ca ci. Nu khi thn hoi mng chung, chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri; vy bn hy tr li tin cho ta hay nh th ny: Ny vua T-t, trn ci tri hoan lc nh th ny, nh th ny, ng nh by gi ti chng kin. Ny Sa-mn, ngi thn y nghe ti ni v nhn li, th m khng bao gi tr li tin cho ti hay, Ny vua T-t, trn ci tri hoan lc nh th ny, nh th ny. Ca-dip, nhn s kin cho nn ti ngh rng: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni th d. Ngi tr nghe th d ny th hiu c ngha. Ny vua T-t, v nh ngoi thn p kia c mt hm x cng cng, su qu u ngi, y phn trong. C mt ngi ri xung, chm tn y hm y. Nu c ngi khc thng xt, mong cu s phc li v hu ch, s an n khoi lc cho ngi mc nn, lin thong th ko nn nhn t hm x ln; gt phn bng thanh tre, chi bng l cy, tm bng nc m. Sau khi tm ra sch s, em bt hng thoa khp thn th, mi ln chnh in cho vui hng ng dc. vua ngh sao? H k nn nhn y li tng nh hm x trc y, hoan h ngi khen v mun tr li hay sao? Vua T-t tr li: Khng th, Ca-dip. Nu c mt k no khc tng ti hm x kia, hoan h ngi khen v mun thy th nn nhn kia cng khng th a k ny, hung l chnh nn nhn li tng nh hm x trc y, hoan h ngi khen, mun thy ln na. iu khng th xy ra. Vua T-t, nu vua c ngi thn c diu hnh, c tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn, khng tham lam, c i lng, c thi n, ci m, phng x, chu cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, khin cho h c an lc, b th, khng m trc ca ci; ngi y do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mnh chung, chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. [326c] Sau khi sanh ln ci tri c vui hng ng dc . vua ngh sao? H li thin t ci tri kia b ng dc , tng nh ng dc nhn gian ny? Hoan h ngi khen, mun thy li na sao? Vua T-t p: Khng th, Ca-dip. V sao? V ng dc nhn gian x u, ni bt tnh, rt ng ght, khng th hng n, khng th a thch, th sp bt tnh. Ny Ca-dip, so vi ng dc nhn gian th ng dc ci tri l hn, l ti Thng Lm, l ti ho, l ti thng. Nu thin t ci tri kia, x b ng dc , tng n ng dc nhn gian, hoan h ngi khen, mun thy li; iu khng th xy ra. Vua T-t, vua nn qun st v i sau cng ging nh th, ch ng ging nh ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny vua T-t, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn on dc, ly dc, hng n ly dc; on tuyt nhu, ly nhu, hng n ly nhu; on tuyt si, ly si, hng n ly si; v y dng thin nhn thanh tnh, hn hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh ny lc sanh lc t, khi p khi xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x hoc bt thin x, ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to. V y thy s kin y ng nh s tht. Vua T-t li ni:

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Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng? Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, cn c l do khc hn l do ny. Ny Ca-dip, ti c ngi bn thn lm bnh trm trng. Ti n ch bnh nhn, bo n: Bn nn bit rng, ta quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Ny bn thn yu, tri li c Sa-mn, B-la-mn quan nim th ny: C i sau, c chng sanh ha sanh. Ta thng khng tin nhng ch trng y. H li bo: Nu c ngi nam k n no c diu hnh, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn, tham lam, c hc, thi n, ci m, phng x, cung cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, khin cho h c an lc, b th, khng m trc ca ci; do nhn duyn y, khi thn hoi mng chung, ngi y chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. Ny bn, nu Sa-mn, B-la-mn y ni ng th bn l ngi thn rut tht ca ta, c diu hnh, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn tham lam, c i lng, c thi n, ci m, phng x, chu cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, khin h c an lc, b th, khng m trc [527a] ca ci. Nu khi thn hoi mng chung, chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri, bn hy tr li cho ta hay nh th ny: Ny vua T-t! ci tri hoan lc nh th ny, nh th ny. Nu bn ci tri ngh rng: Nu ta tr li th s c nhng g? T-t vng gia c nhiu ca ci, ta s cho bn. Ny Cadip, ngi thn y nghe ti ni v nhn li, th m khng bao gi tr li cho ti hay nh th ny: Ny vua T-t, ci tri hoan lc nh th ny, nh th ny. Ny Ca-dip, nhn s kin nn ti ngh rng: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, tui th ci tri th lu di, cn mng sng nhn gian th ngn ngi. Mt trm nm nhn gian bng mt ngy mt m Tam Thp Tam Thin. Mt ngy mt m nh vy, mt thng c ba mi ngy, mt nm c mi hai thng, m tui th ca Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin n mt ngn nm, th vua ngh sao? Nu vua c ngi thn c diu hnh, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn tham lam, c i lng, c thi n, ci m, phng x, chu cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, khin h c an lc, b th, khng m trc ca ci. Do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. Sau khi sanh ln ci tri, ngi thn ca vua lin ngh: Trc tin, ta hy vui hng ng dc ci tri mt ngy mt m, hay l ta hy vui hng ng dc hai, ba, bn cho n by ngy, nhin hu s i n tin cho vua T-t hay rng: ci tri hoan lc nh th ny, nh th ny cho vua r. vua ngh sao? By gi vua cn sng chng? Vua T-t hi li: Ny Ca-dip, ngi no sau khi cht n bo cho bit rng: Ny Sa-mn Ca-dip, tui th ci tri th lu di, cn mng sng nhn gian th ngn ngi; mt trm nm nhn gian bng mt ngy mt m Tam Thp Tam Thin; mt ngy mt m nh vy, mt

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 533

thng c ba mi ngy, mt nm c mi hai thng, m tui th ca Ch Thin Tam Thp Tam Thin n mt ngn nm? Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d ny. Ngi c tr nghe v d th hiu c ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh ngi m kia ni rng: Khng c sc en trng, cng khng thy sc en trng; khng c sc di ngn, cng khng thy sc di ngn; khng c sc xa gn, cng khng thy c sc xa gn; khng c sc th t, cng khng thy c sc th t. V sao? V ban u ta khng thy, khng bit, cho nn khng c sc. Ny vua T-t, ngi m kia ni nh vy c ng khng? Vua T-t p: Khng ng, Ca-dip. V sao? Ca-dip, c sc en trng, [327b] cng c ngi thy sc en trng. C sc di ngn, cng c ngi thy sc di ngn. C sc gn xa, cng c ngi thy sc gn xa. C sc th t, cng c ngi thy sc th t. Nu ngi m bo rng: V ta khng thy, khng bit cho nn khng c sc, th ngi y ni khng ng. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip li bo: Ny vua T-t, vua cng nh ngi m y, nu vua bo nh th ny: Ngi no sau khi cht n bo cho bit rng: Ny Sa-mn Ca-dip, tui th ci tri th lu di, cn mng sng nhn gian th ngn ngi. Mt trm nm nhn gian bng mt ngy mt m ci Tam Thp Tam Thin. Mt ngy mt m nh vy, mt thng c ba mi ngy, mt nm c mi hai thng m tui th ci Tam Thp Tam Thin th n mt ngn nm? Vua T-t ni: Ny Sa-mn Ca-dip, thc l khng nn, khng nn ni nh vy. V sao? V Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip c tnh so snh ti ging nh k m kia. Ny Ca-dip, nu bit ti, bit thn thuc ca ti c diu hnh, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn, tham lam, c i lng, c thi n, ci m, phng x, chu cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng khin h c an lc, b th, khng m trc ca ci. Do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri, th ny Ca-dip, ngay by gi, sau khi thc hnh b th, tu cc phc thin, phng tr trai gii, ti dng dao t st, hoc ung thuc c, hoc nhy xung ging, hoc tht c m cht. Ny Ca-dip! Khng nn c tnh so snh ti nh ngi m kia. Tn gi Ca-dip p: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d khc. Ngi c tr nghe v d ny lin hiu ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng ging nh mt B-la-mn c ngi v tr, va mi mang thai, ngi v c c mt a con trai. Trong thi gian y, B-la-mn kia bng nhin mng chung. Sau khi mng chung, con ca b v c ni vi b m k nh th ny: Tiu mu nn bit, nay ca ci trong gia nh ny hon ton phi thuc v ti, khng ai c d phn vo. B m k p: Ti nay ang c thai. Nu sanh con trai th n phi c phn. Nu sanh con gi th ca ci y mi hon ton ca cu. Con ca b v c ni vi b m k ba ln nh th ny: Tiu mu nn bit, nay ca ci trong gia nh ny hon ton thuc v ti, khng ai c d phn vo. B m k cng tr li ba ln nh th ny: Nay ta ang c thai. Nu sanh con trai th n phi c chia phn. Nu sanh con gi th ca ci

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y mi hon ton thuc v cu. By gi b m k ngu si, khng [537c] thng sut, khng hiu r rng, khng c tr tu, mun bo ton s sng m tr li hi mnh. B vo trong phng ly dao bn m bng xem l trai hay gi. B y ngu si, khng thng sut, khng hiu r, khng c tr tu, mun bo v s sng m li t hi mnh v a con trong bng. Nn bit, ny vua T-t, vua cng li nh vy, ngu si khng thng sut, khng hiu r rng, khng c tr tu, mun bo tn s sng m li ngh nh th ny: Ny Cadip, nu bit ti, bit ngi thn thch ca ti c diu hnh, tinh tn, tinh cn, khng bing nhc, khng ganh ght, khng bn sn, tham lam, c i lng, c thi n, ci m, phng x, chu cp cho ngi c c, k bn cng, khin h c an lc, b th, khng m trc ca ci; do nhn duyn , khi thn hoi mng chung, chc chn i n thin x, sanh ln ci tri. Th th ti, ngay by gi, sau khi thc hnh b th, tu cc thin nghip, phng tr trai gii, ti dng dao t st, hoc ung thuc c, hoc nhy xung ging, hoc tht c m cht. Ny Sa-mn Ca-dip, khng nn c tnh so snh ti vi ngi m kia. Ny vua T-t, nu ngi tinh tn m sng lu th c phc ln. Nu c phc ln th sanh ln ci tri v sng lu. Ny vua T-t, vua nn qun st i sau nh vy, ch ng ging nh ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny vua T-t, c Sa-mn, B-lamn on tuyt dc, ly dc, th hng ly dc; on tuyt nhu, ly nhu, th hng ly nhu; on tuyt si, ly si, th hng ly si; v y bng thin nhn thanh tnh hn hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh lc sanh lc t, hoc p hoc xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x hay bt thin x, ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to. V y thy s kin y ng nh s tht. Vua T-t li ni: Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng? Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, cn c l do khc hn l do ny. Ny Ca-dip, ti c ngi thn mang bnh trm trng. Ti n ch bnh nhn hi han, thm ving, bnh nhn cng hi han v nhn ti. Lc bnh nhn cht, ti li n hi han thm ving ngi cht, nhng ngi cht khng hi han, khng nhn ti. Sau ti cng khng cn tr li hi han thm ving ngi thn y na. Ny Ca-dip, do s kin , ti ngh rng: Khng c chng sanh sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo rng: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni th d, [528a] ngi c tr nghe th d ny th lin hiu c ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh c ngi thi t v gii. x kia cha c ai tng nghe ting t v. Ngi n x y. Vo mt m ti, y tro ln ni cao, tn lc thi t v. Mi ngi x y cha tng nghe ting t v, nay c nghe, lin ngh: Ting g m vi diu, rt k l, tht ng a thch, ng xem nghe, khin cho lng mnh vui v nh th? Nhng ngi y bn cng nhau i n ch ngi thi t v gii. n ni, h hi rng: l ting g m vi diu, rt k l, tht ng a thch, ng n xem nghe, khin

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cho lng vmnh vui v nh th? Ngi thi t v gii em ling ci t v xung t, bo mi ngi rng: Cc v nn bit, chnh l ting t v. Lc , mi ngi ly chn t v ri ni rng: T v hy ku i! T v hy ku i! Nhng n im lm khng m hng. Ngi thi t v gii lin ngh: Nay nhng ngi ny ngu si, khng thng sut, khng hiu r, khng c tr tu. V sao? V mun tm m thanh t mt vt v tri. By gi ngi thi t v gii nht t v ln, dng nc ra sch, a ln ming m tn lc thi. Khi y mi ngi nghe xong, lin ngh: T v tht k diu. V sao? V nh tay, nh nc, nh ming, hi thi mi pht ra ting hay, vang khp bn phng. Ny vua T-t, cng nh vy, nu ngi cn sng mi c th ni nng, hi han nhau c. Nu khi cht th khng th ni nng, hi han c na. Ny vua T-t, vua nn qun chng sanh sanh ra th cng nh vy, ch ng ging ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny vua T-t, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn on tuyt dc, ly dc, th hng ly dc; on tuyt nhu, ly nhu, th hng ly nhu; on tuyt si, ly si, th hng ly si; v y bng thin nhn thanh tnh hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh ny lc sanh lc t, khi p khi xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x hay bt thin x, ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to. V y thy s kin y ng nh tht. Vua T-t li hi: Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng? Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, cn c s kin ny. Ti c quan hu ty bt mt ti nhn, em n ch ca ti. n ri, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, k ny c ti, [528b] xin Thin vng trng tr. Ti bo: Hy em ti nhn ny cn sng. Cn sng xong, vt xung t, dng dy tht c git cht. Git xong, em cn li, ta mi bit ngi ny lc no th nh cn, mm mi, ti nhun, p hn, l lc sng hay l lc cht? V quan y vng li ti, em ti nhn y cn sng, ri vt xung t, dng dy tht c git cht. Git xong, em cn li, thy rng ti nhn lc sng th nh, mm mi, sc ti nhun, p hn; n lc cht th nng, cng, khng mm mi v sc khng ti nhun. Ny Ca-dip, nhn s kin y, cho nn ti ngh rng: Khng c chng sanh sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d. Ngi c tr nghe v d ny lin hiu c ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh thanh st hay li cy st c t chy sut ngy. Vt bng st y lc by gi th nh, mm, sc ti nhun v p hn. Nu la tt, n dn dn tr nn ngui lnh, s nng hn, cng, khng mm v sc khng ti. Cng vy, ny vua T-t, nu ngi lc cn sng th thn th nh, mm mi, sc ti nhun, p . Nu lc cht th nng hn, cng, khng mm mi v sc khng ti na. Ny vua T-t, vua nn qun chng sanh sanh cng nh th, ch ng ging nh ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny vua T-t, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn on tuyt dc, ly dc, th hng ly dc; on tuyt nhu, ly nhu, th hng ly nhu; on tuyt si, ly si, th hng ly si; v y bng thin

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nhn thanh tnh hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh lc sanh lc t, khi p khi xu, qua li thin x hay bt thin x, ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to. V y thy hin tng ng nh tht. Vua T-t li ni: Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng? Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, cn c l do khc hn l do ny. Ny Ca-dip, ti c quan hu ty bt mt ti nhn, em n ch ti, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, ngi ny c ti, xin Thin vng trng tr. Ti bo: Hy em ti nhn y b vo ni st hoc b vo ni ng, y kn ming li v t la di. Khi t la ri, hy quan st cng khp, xem chng sanh y lc vo lc ra, qua li ch no? V quan y vng li ti, em ti nhn y b vo ni st hoc b vo [528c] ni ng, y kn ming li v t la di. Khi t la, quan st cng khp xem chng sanh y lc ra lc vo qua li ch no. Nhng ny Ca-dip, ti lm phng thc nh vy m chng thy chng sanh ha sanh. Ny Ca-dip, nhn s kin y nn ti ngh rng: Khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, nay ti hi vua, vua hiu th no tr li th y. Vua ngh sao, nu vo ban ngy, vua n thc n m diu ngon lnh, ri ln ging nm ng. Vua nh li tng trong mng c ln thy vn tc, h tm, rng cy, hoa tri, sui trong, sng di, qua li cng khp chng? Vua T-t p: Ti nh li tng c nh vy. Tn gi Ca-dip hi tip: Ngy , sau khi n nhng thc n ngon lnh m diu xong, vua ln ging nm ng. By gi c ai ng hu bn cnh chng? Vua T-t p: C. Tn gi Ca-dip hi tip: Ngy , sau khi n nhng thc n ngon lnh m diu xong, ln ging nm ng. Lc y, nhng ngi hu hai bn t hu c thy c khi vua ra vo, qua li cng khp chng? Vua T-t p: D cho c ai khc cng khng th thy, hung na l bn hu h hai bn. Ny vua T-t, vua cng qun chng sanh ha sanh cng ging nh th, ch ng ging nh ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny vua T-t, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn on tuyt dc, ly dc, th hng ly dc; on tuyt nhu, ly nhu, th hng ly nhu; on tuyt si, ly si,

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 537

th hng ly si; v y dng thin nhn thanh tnh hn hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh lc sanh lc t, lc p lc xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x hoc bt thin x ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to. V y thy s kin y ng nh tht. Vua T-t li ni: Sa-mn Cu-ma-la Ca-dip, tuy Sa-mn ni nh th nhng ti vn quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh sanh. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip p rng: Vua T-t, cn c l do no khc hn l do ny chng? Vua T-t p: ng nh vy, Ca-dip, cn c l do khc hn l do ny. Ny Ca-dip, ti c quan hu ty bt mt ti nhn em n trc ti, tha rng: Tu Thin vng, ngi ny c ti, xin Thin vng trng tr. Ti bo: Hy em ti nhn ny lc da, xo tht, cht gn, c xng n tn ty tm chng sanh ha sanh. Ny Ca-dip, ti lm phng cch nh th m rt cuc cng chng thy chng sanh sanh. Ny Ca-dip, nhn [529a] s kin nn ti ngh rng: Khng c chng sanh ha sanh. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d ny. Ngi c tr nghe v d ny th lin hiu ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh c mt ngi B-la-mn bn tc th la sng gn bn ng. Cch khng xa c nhng ngi khch bun t tc. Vo lc sng sm, nhng ngi khch bun y vi v ra i, b qun mt a b. Lc , B-la-mn bn tc th la dy sm, i n ni khch bun tm tr, xem thy a b ng mt mnh, khng c ch nhn. Thy xong, v y ngh: Nay thng b con ny khng c ni nng ta, nu ta khng nui th chc n s cht. Ngh nh th, B-la-mn lin bng em v nui. Thi gian sau, a b ln khn. By gi B-la-mn th la bn tc bn cht vic thn xm khc. B-la-mn bn tc th la bo thiu nin rng: Ta bn cht vic phi xung thn xm mt thi gian. Con phi gi la cn thn, ch n tt. Nu la tt con phi dng ci c la ny m nhen li. B-la-mn bn tc th la cn dn cn thn xong, lin xung thn xm. Sau , thiu nin y ra ngoi rong chi, la tt ht. Sau khi tr v, n mun nhen la, lin dng ci c la nh xung t, bo rng: La hy chy ln! Nhng la vn khng chy. La khng chy, n ph ci c la y ra thnh tng mnh, mt trm mnh vt i, ngi bt xung t su no m ni rng: Khng tm c la, phi lm sao y? By gi B-la-mn bn tc th la lm xong cng vic thn xm, lin tr v nh. V n ni, hi thiu nin y rng: Con khng vui chi m chm sc ngn la, khng n tt chng? N tr li: Tha Tn gi, con i ra ngoi chi nn sau la tt. Khi tr v con mun nhen la, lin ly ci c la nh xung t, bo rng: La hy chy ln! La hy chy ln! m cui cng la vn khng chy. Con li t ln phin , ra sc nh m bo: La hy chy ln! La hy chy ln!, nhng la vn khng chy. Con lin ph ci c y ra thnh mi mnh, mt trm mnh vt i, ri ngi bt xung t. Tha Tn gi, con tm kim nh th m khng c la, khng bit lm sao! Lc , B-la-mn bn tc th la ngh rng: Cu thiu nin ny qu ngu si, khng thng sut, khng r rng, khng c tr tu. V sao? V t ci c la v tri m ngh cch ly la nh

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vy. Khi y, B-la-mn bn tc th la em c la v [529b] mi la t xung t m c xt, tc th bt la v chy bng ln. ng bo cu thiu nin rng: Ny con, phng php ly la phi nh vy, ch khng phi nh con ngu si, khng thng sut, khng c tr tu, t ci c la v tri m ngh cch ly la nh con lm. Cng vy, nn bit, ny vua T-t, vua cng li nh vy, ngu si, khng thng sut, khng hiu r, khng tr tu, mun tm thy chng sanh ha sanh ni xc tht cht, cho n xng ty v tri. Ny vua T-t, vua nn qun chng sanh sanh nh th, ch ng ging nh ci thy ca con mt tht. Ny vua T-t, c Sa-mn, B-la-mn on tuyt dc, ly dc, th hng ly dc; on tuyt nhu, ly nhu, th hng ly nhu; on tuyt si, ly si, th hng ly si, v y dng thin nhn thanh tnh hn hn ngi thng, thy chng sanh ny lc sanh lc t, khi p khi xu, hoc diu hoc bt diu, qua li thin x hay bt thin x ty theo nghip m chng sanh y to. V y thy s kin ng nh tht. Vua T-t li ni: Tuy Sa-mn Ca-dip ni nh th, nhng ti i vi quan nim ny, bo th v dc, bo th v sn nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, trn khng th x b. V sao? Nu c ngi nc khc nghe c, lin bo rng: Vua T-t c quan nim th tr lu di, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr v x b. Ny Ca-dip, v th, ti i vi quan nim ny bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v si, trn khng th x b. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d ny. Ngi c tr nghe v d ny lin hiu ngha. Ny vua T-t, v nh hai ngi bn b nh i tm k sinh nhai. Trn ng i, ban u h thy c rt nhiu cy gai khng ch. Mt ngi trng thy, bo bn rng: Bn nn bit, y c rt nhiu cy gai khng ch. Ti mun bn cng ly, b li em v, c th lm vt dng c. Hai ngi lin ly b li gnh i. Trn ng i h li thy rt nhiu t la kip-bi, vi kip-bi khng ch, li thy rt nhiu bc cng khng ch. Thy xong, mt ngi vt b cy gai ang gnh, ly bc gi li. Trn ng i li thy nhiu ng vng cng khng c ch. By gi ngi gnh bc bn vi ngi gnh gai: Ny bn, nn bit, vng ny qu nhiu m khng c ch, bn nn vt b cy gai, ti th vt b bc ang gnh. Ti mun cng vi bn ng ly vng ny gnh tr v, c th chi dng c hn. Ngi gnh gai bo ngi gnh bc: [529c] Ti gnh gai ny sau khi sp xp gn gng, b li chc chn, t xa gnh ti y. Ti khng th b c. Cho nn, bn bit y, ch lo cho ti. Khi y ngi gnh bc git gnh gai qung xung t ri x tung ra. Ngi gnh gai bo ngi gnh bc rng: Bn x tung gnh gai ca ti nh vy, ti mt cng b li chc chn, gnh t xa ti y, nn ti dt khot gnh cy gai ny v, khng th b c. Bn hy t bit, ch lo cho ti. Ngi gnh bc lin b gnh bc, ly vng gnh v. Khi ngi gnh vng tr v; t xa, cha m trng thy con gnh vng v, khen rng: Gii thay, gii thay! Hoan nghinh con! Con nh vng ny sng c sung sng, phng dng cha m, cung cp cho v con, t gi v ngi sai bo, li c th b th cho cc Sa-

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mn, B-la-mn, to phc tng thng, thin qu, thin bo, sanh vo ci tri, sng lu. Khi ngi gnh cy gai tr v nh; t xa, cha m trng thy con gnh cy gai tr v. Thy vy, h mng rng: Ngi l ngi c ti tr v, l ngi v c tr v. V b gai ny m ngi khng sng c, khng th phng dng cha m, khng th chu cp cho v con, t gi v ngi sai bo, li cng khng th b th cho cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn, khng th to phc tng thng, khng c thin qu, thin bo, khng th sanh vo ci tri c sng lu. Cng vy, nn bit, ny vua T-t, vua cng nh th. Nu i vi quan nim y, vua bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi x b, th vua s th lnh v lng s d, li b mi ngi ch ght. Vua T-t li ni rng: Tuy Sa-mn Ca-dip ni nh th, nhng i vi quan nim ny ti bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi bo th v ngu si, nn khng bao gi x b. V sao? Nu ngi khc nghe c, lin bo rng: Vua T-t quan nim th tr t lu, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr x b. V th, ny Ca-dip, nn i vi quan nim ny ti bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, nn khng bao gi x b. Tn gi Ca-dip li bo: Ny vua T-t, Hy nghe ti ni v d ny. Ngi c tr nghe v d ny lin hiu ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh mt khch bun, cng vi on khch bun ng o, c mt ngn c xe i vo con ng nguy him. Trong on khch bun y c hai v thng ch. Hai v y ngh rng: Chng ta lm sao thot khi nn ny? H li ngh: on ca chng ta nn chia lm hai, mi ton nm trm. on khch bun y lin chia ra hai ton, mi ton nm trm. Ri th [530a] mt thng ch dn nm trm c xe tin vo con ng nguy him. Ngi thng ch y lun lun i pha trc dn ng. ng thy mt ngi t m ng i ra, qun o t sng, chn en, u vng, i mt lm, eo trng hoa c thm896, i xe la, hai bnh dnh bn. V thng ch trng thy lin hi: Pha trong con ng b him ny, tri c ma chng? C nc trong, ci v c chng? Ngi y p: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri ma ln, c nhiu nc trong v nhiu ci, c. Ny cc bn, cc bn hy vt b nc c, ci, c, ch nng xe. i khng bao lu na, cc bn s c nc trong v ci vi c tt. V thng ch y nghe xong, lin tr li n ton ca mnh, thut li rng: Ta i trc, thy mt ngi t bn ng i ra, o qun t sng, thn en, u vng, i mt lm, mang trng hoa c thm, ci xe la, hai bnh dnh bn. Ta hi ngi y: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri c ma khng? C nc trong, ci, c chng? Ngi y p rng: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri ma ln, c nhiu nc trong, ci v c
Trc hnh hoa man ; honh tc hnh, loi c hoa thm, ly c lm trng hoa, ch cho s d tn. Pl. (D. ii. tr. 243): kumudmli, eo trng hoa bng hoa kumuda (cu-vt-u, mt loi hoa sng).
896

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tt. Ny cc bn, cc bn hy vt b nc c, ci v c, ch nng xe. i khng bao lu na, cc bn s c nc trong, ci v c tt. Ny cc bn, chng ta hy vt b nc c, ci v c. Nh vy khng bao lu na chng ta s c nc trong cng ci v c, ch nng xe. Cc khch bun vt b nc c, ci v c. i mt ngy ng, h khng thy nc trong, ci v c. Sau by ngy, ton khch bun y b qu n tht ngi st hi. Ngi thng ch th hai ngh rng: V thng ch trc qua khi tai nn nguy him. Chng ta phi dng phng cch no thot nn? Ngh xong, v y cho nm trm c xe cng tin vo con ng nguy him. Cng i trc dn ng, v thng ch th hai thy c mt ngi t m ng i ra, o qun t sng, thn en u vng, i mt lm, mang trng hoa c thm, ci xe la, hai bnh dnh bn. V thng ch th hai ny trng thy lin hi: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri c ma khng? C nc trong, ci v c khng? Ngi l p: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri ma ln lm, c rt nhiu nc trong, ci v c rt tt. Ny cc bn, cc bn hy vt b nc c, ci v [530b] c i, ch nng xe. i khng bao lu na cc bn s c nc trong, ci v c tt. Ngi thng ch th hai nghe xong, tr li vi ton, thut rng: Ta i ng trc, thy c mt ngi t bn m ng i ra, o qun t sng, thn en u vng, i mt lm, mang trng hoa c thm, ci xe la, hai bnh dnh bn. Ta hi: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri c ma khng? C nc trong, ci v c khng? Ngi y p: Pha trong con ng nguy him ny tri thng ma ln, c nhiu nc trong, ci v c tt. Ny cc bn, cc bn hy vt b nc c, ci v c i, ch nng xe. i khng bao lu na, cc bn s thy c nc trong, ci v c tt. Ny cc bn, chng ta cha th vt b nc c, ci v c c. Nu ly c nc, ci v c mi, sau chng ta mi b. Ton khch bun y khng vt b nc c, ci v c. i mt ngy ng, khng ly c nc, ci v c mi. H i hai ngy, ba ngy cho n by ngy m vn khng ly c. Lc ngi thng ch th hai i trc, trng thy ngi thng ch th nht v ton khch bun i trc b qu n tht ngi st hi. Thy vy, ng bo ton ca mnh rng: Ny cc bn, cc bn hy xem ngi thng ch i trc y ngu si, khng thng sut, khng hiu r, khng c tr tu, t git mnh, li git ng bn na. Cc bn, nu mun ly hng ha ca ngi khch bun ton trc th t tin m ly. Ny vua T-t, nn bit rng vua cng li nh vy. Nu vi quan nim y, vua bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi x b, th vua s th v lng s d, li b mi ngi ch ght na. Cng nh ngi thng ch th nht v ng bn thuc nhm th nht. Vua T-t li ni: Tuy Sa-mn Ca-dip ni nh th nhng vi quan nim y, ti bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi b. V sao? Nu nhng ngi nc khc nghe n, lin bo rng: Vua T-t c mt quan nim th tr t lu, nay b

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 541

Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr, x b. V th, ny Ca-dip, i vi quan nim ti bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi x b. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d ny. Ngi c tr nghe v d ny lin hiu ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh hai ngi hn nhau chi sc sc. Ngi th nht thng ln trm con sc sc m ngm897, ngm mt ln, hai ln, ba ln cho n [530c] nhiu ln. Ngi th hai lin ngh: Cng chi vi ngi ny, n lun lun gt mnh, trm con sc sc m ngm mt, hai, ba ln cho n nhiu ln. Ngh th, ngi y ni vi bn: Ti mun ngh. Sau ri s chi li. By gi ngi th hai ri khi ch y, dng thuc tm vo con sc sc. Sau o, n tr li cng chi. Ngi th nht li ln trm con sc sc m ngm, mt ln, hai, ba hoc n nhiu ln. Ngm xong, lin trn mt, si bt mp gn cht. By gi ngi th hai hng v ngi th nht ni bi tng: Xc xc ny tm c; Ngi tham n khng bit. Trc ngi chi, gt ta; Sau phi mang ha kh. Ny vua T-t, nn bit, vua cng li nh vy. Nu quan nim y vua bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si khng bao gi x b th vua s th v lng s d. Li b mi ngi ch ght. Cng nh ngi chi sc sc, v la gt m b mang ha. Vua T-t li ni: Tuy Sa-mn Ca-dip ni nh th nhng vi quan nim y, ti bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi b. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d ny. Ngi c tr nghe v d lin hiu ngha. Ny vua T-t, cng nh ngi nui heo, lc ang i trn ng thy c rt nhiu phn kh khng ch, lin ngh rng: Phn ny c th nui no cho nhiu con heo, ta nn ly gi li mang i. Ngi y lin i phn m i. Gia ng gp tri ma ln, phn chy ra, chy xung vy phn cng thn, nhng ngi y vn i i, khng vt b. Ngi y chu khng bit bao s xu, li b mi ngi ch ght. Ny vua T-t, nn bit rng vua cng nh th. Nu i vi quan nim y vua bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi x b th vua s th v lng s d, li b mi ngi ch ght, cng nh ngi nui heo kia. Vua T-t li ni: Tuy Sa-mn Ca-dip ni nh th nhng vi quan nim y, nhng ti [531a] bo th v dc, bo th v nhu, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi x b. V sao? Nu nhng ngi cc nc khc nghe s bo rng: Vua T-t c mt quan nim th tr t lu, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai, on tr, x b. Ny Ca-dip, v
897

Trong bn Hn ni l thit thc , ln m n, nut.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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th nn ti i vi quan nim ny mun bo th v nhu, bo th v dc, bo th v s hi, bo th v ngu si, khng bao gi x b. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, hy nghe ti ni v d cui cng. Nu vua bit th tt, nu vua khng bit th ti cng khng thuyt php na. Ny vua T-t, cng nh c mt con heo ln, th lnh ca n heo nm trm con, i vo con ng nguy him, n gp mt con cp. Khi con heo trng thy con cp, n lin ngh: Nu u vi cp th cp s git mnh. Nu s b chy th thn tc s khinh mnh. Khng bit ta phi dng phng cch no thot nn? Ngh xong, n ni vi cp rng: Nu ngi mun u th hy u, nu khng th hy trnh ng cho ta qua. Cp nghe lin bo rng: Ta chp nhn u vi ngi, ch khng trnh ng cho ngi. Heo li ni rng: Ny cp, ngi hy i chc lt, ta mc o gip ca t ph xong ri hy tr li cng u. Cp nghe vy lin ngh: N chng phi ch th ca ta, hung l o gip ca t ph n. Ngh xong, n bo heo: Cho ty ngi. Heo lin tr v chung, ln trong ng phn, lm lp phn n tn mt ri tr li ch cp, ni rng: Ngi mun u th hy u, nu khng th hy trnh ng cho ta i qua. Khi trng thy heo, cp ngh: Ta thng khng n su b tp nhp v ung hm rng, hung l phi gn con heo hi hm ny. Con cp ngh xong, lin bo heo: Ta trnh ng cho ngi ch khng u vi ngi na. Heo i qua, ri hng v pha cp ni bi tng: Ny cp, ngi bn chn, Ta cng c bn chn. Hy n u cng ta, S g m b chy? Cp nghe xong, ni bi tng tr li heo rng: Ngi lng mc nh rng; Hn nht trong loi vt. Ny heo, hy ct mau; Phn thi chu khng ni. Lc y, heo t khoe, ni bi tng rng: Hai nc Ma-kit, ng898 Nghe ta u vi ngi. [531b] Hy n u vi ta S g m b chy? Cp nghe vy, li ni bi tng: Ton thn, lng u nh Ngi lm ta ly thi Ngi nh mun cu Thng Lm Ta nay cho ngi Thng Lm899.
898

Tc Ma-kit- (Magadha) v ng-gi (Aga), cch nhau bi con sng Camp, trong thi c Pht, c hai u di s cai tr ca vua Pasenadi.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 543

Tn gi Ca-dip bo rng: Ny vua T-t, ti cng nh th, nu vi quan nim y, vua bo tr v dc, bo tr v sn nhu, bo tr v s hi, bo tr v ngu si, khng bao gi b th vua s th v lng s d, li b mi ngi ch ght, cng ging nh cp cho heo Thng Lm. Vua T-t nghe xong, ni rng: Tha Tn gi, ngay t u Tn gi ni v d mt tri v mt trng. Lc nghe xong, ti hiu ngay, hoan h th tr, nhng ti mun c nghe nhng bin ti cng lc cng cao siu ca bc thng diu tr ni Tn gi nn ti hi i hi li mi. Ti nay nng mnh quy y Tn gi Ca-dip. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Ny vua T-t, vua ch quy y ti. Ti quy y Pht, vua cng nn quy y theo Ngi. Vua T-t ni900: Tha Tn gi, con nay nng mnh quy y Pht, Php v Chng T-kheo. Mong Tn gi thay Pht nhn con lm u-b-tc. Bt u t ngy hm nay v trn i, con nng mnh quy y cho n lc mng chung. Tha Tn gi Ca-dip, con t hm nay bt u thc hnh b th, tu phc. Tn gi Ca-dip hi: Ny vua T-t, vua mun thc hnh b th, tu phc. Vy s b th cho bao nhiu ngi v thi gian bao lu? Vua T-t p: B th cho trm ngi hoc n ngn ngi. Mt ngy, hai ngy hoc n by ngy. Tn gi Ca-dip bo: Nu vua thc hnh b th, tu phc; b th cho mt trm ngi hoc n mt ngn ngi; mt ngy, hai ngy hoc n by ngy, th cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn khp ni u c nghe vua T-t c mt quan nim th tr lu di, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr, x b. Cc v y nghe xong u s t phng xa n, trong by ngy s khng thi gian vua b th. Nu c ai khng nhn c phm vt do vua b th, vua khng c phc, khng c th an lc lu di. Ny vua T-t, cng nh ht ging khng nt, khng h, khng nt, khng b, khng b tn thng bi gi, bi nh nng, bi nc, c ct giu chu o vo tit thu. Nu c s kia cy su, rung tt, lm t thun thc xong, gieo ging ng thi nhng ma khng kp lc th vua ngh sao? Ht ging kia c sanh trng c chng? p rng: D khng. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip bo:

Bn Pli v Trng A-hm khng c th d cht ny. N chm bim thi ngoan c ca Pysi. 900 No.1 (7): T-t hi: Tn s Tn gi u? Tn gi p: Tn s ca ti dit cha bao lu.

899

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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Ny vua T-t, vua cng nh th. Nu vua thc hnh b th, tu phc; b th cho mt trm ngi hoc mt ngn ngi, t mt ngy cho n by ngy. Nhng Sa-mn, B-lamn cc phng xa u nghe rng vua T-t c mt quan nim th tr lu di, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr, x b. Cc v y nghe xong lin t phng xa n, th trong by ngy khng thi gian vua b th. Nu c v no khng nhn c thc phm do vua b th th vua khng c phc, khng c th an lc lu di. Vua T-t li hi: Tha Tn gi, ti phi lm th no? Tn gi Ca-dip p: Ny vua T-t, nu vua thc hnh b th, tu phc th phi thng cung cp trng trai901. Nu vua thc hnh b th, tu phc m khng thng cung cp trng trai th cc v Sa-mn, B-la-mn khp ni nghe rng: vua T-t c mt quan nim th tr lu, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr, x b. Nghe xong, t cc phng xa cc v u n, u c th c vua b th, nn vua c phc, c an lc lu di. Ny vua T-t, cng nh ht ging khng h, khng nt, khng nt, khng b, khng b thng tn bi gi, bi nh nng, bi nc, ct giu chu o vo tit thu. Nu c s cy su, rung tt, lm t thun thc xong, gieo ging ng thi, ma kp lc, vua ngh sao? Ht ging kia [531c]c th sanh trng c chng? Vua p: Sanh trng c. Tn gi Ca-dip li bo: Ny vua T-t, vua cng nh vy. Nu thc hnh b th, tu phc m thng cung cp trng trai th cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn cc ni nghe vua T-t c mt quan nim th tr lu di, nay b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc sa sai nn on tr, x b. Nghe xong, t cc phng xa, cc v u n, u c th c vua b th nn vua c phc, c hng an lc lu di. By gi vua T-t ni: Con t nay bt u thc hnh b th, tu phc v thng cung cp trng trai. Lc , Tn gi Ca-dip thuyt php cho vua T-t v cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha-, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h. Sau khi bng v lng phng tin thuyt php, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h cho nhng v y ri, Tn gi ngi im lng. By gi vua T-t v cc B-la-mn, c s T-ha- c Tn gi Ca-dip [532a] thuyt php, khuyn pht kht ngng, thnh tu hoan h, lin t ch ngi ng dy, nh l di chn Tn gi, nhiu quanh ba vng ri lui ra.
901

Trng trai ch cho cuc l th ko di, khng phi n chay trng. Bn Pli v No.1(7) ni hi khc: vua mun m cuc i th (yaa), nhng Tn gi cn, nu trong cuc i th y c sc vt b git, ti t b sai khin mt nhc, b nh p.

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG 545

Sau , vua T-t tuy thc hnh b th, tu phc, nhng b th qu thm t, nh canh u xu, rau thi, ch c mt ming gng; li b th o gai th xu. By gi ngi cai bp tn l u-a-la902, lc vua b th, tu phc, lin xin Thng ta ch nguyn cho vua th ny: Nu cuc b th ny c phc bo g, ch cho vua T-t hng th trong i ny v i sau. Vua T-t nghe u-a-la lc vua b th tu phc li xin Thng ta ch nguyn rng: Nu cuc b th ny c phc bo g, ch cho vua T-t hng th trong i ny v i sau. Nghe vy, vua ku cai bp li hi: Ny u-a-la, lc ta b th, tu phc, ngi xin Thng ta ch nguyn cho ta rng: Nu cuc b th ny c phc bo g, ch cho vua T-t hng th trong i ny v i sau. C qu tht nh vy chng? u-a-la p: Qu tht vy, tu Thin vng. V sao? Thin vng tuy b th tu phc nhng qu thm t: B th canh u xu, rau thi, ch c mt ming gng. Tu Thin vng, thc n y khng ng a tay vc, hung l n. Thin vng b th o gai xu, tu Thin vng, o y khng ng dng chn dm ln hung l mc. Con knh Thin vng nhng khng trng s b th y, cho nn, tu Thin vng, con khng mong phc bo ca cuc b th t mt ny Thin vng c hng. Vua T-t nghe xong, lin bo: Ny u-a-la, ngi t nay bt u em thc n nh ta n m b th. Con em o nh o ta mc m b th. T v sau, u-a-la em thc n ging nh thc n ca vua m b th, em o ging nh o vua mc m b th. By gi u-a-la nh coi sc vic b th cho vua T-t nn sau khi thn hoi mng chung, sanh vo ci tri T thin vng. Cn vua T-t th khng ch tm b th nn thn hoi mng chung sanh vo cung in trng khng rng Nhung th903. Tn gi Kiu-him-bt-904 thng tr trong Nhung th lm khng cung in, t xa trng thy vua T-t, lin hi rng: ng l ai? Vua T-t p: Tha Tn gi Kiu-him-bt-, Tn gi c nghe trong chu Dim-ph c vua x Tha- tn l T-t chng?
Gim tr u-a-la . No.1 (7): mt nin thiu B-la-mn (khng ni tn). Pli: Uttra mnava, nin thiu B-la-mn Uttra bt mn v ni ngo b b qua. 903 Trong bn: nhung th lm khng cung in ; cung in trng khng trong rng cy nhung (mt loi cy gn). TNM: tng th lm cung in: cung in trong lm cy . Pl. D.23: ng sinh vo cung in Sersaka trng khng trong ci T thin vng (Catummahrjkadev), v cc thin thn y c coi l Yakkha (D-xoa). Trc cung in c mt cy sirsa, nm mi nm ny tri mt ln. (S gii: tassa kira dvre mahsirsarukkho). 904 Kiu-him-bt-d [*](Kiu-phm-ba-: Ngu Ch) Pli: Gavampati: mt v Ala-hn, nguyn l con mt nh i ph Ba-la-ni.
902

KINH CHUYEN LUAN VNG

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Tn gi Kiu-him-bt- p ; Ti nghe trong chu Dim-ph-, x T-ha- c vua tn l T-t. Vua T-t ni: Tha Tn gi Kiu-him-bt-, con chnh l vua y, vn tn l T-t. Tn gi Kiu-him-bt- li hi: Ny vua T-t, vua quan nim nh th ny, ch trng nh th ny: Khng c i sau, khng c chng sanh ha sanh, th th do u vua sanh vo y, tr trong vo cung in trng khng rng Nhung th, T thin vng nh hp ny? Vua T-t li tha: Tha Tn gi Kiu-him-bt-, con vn c quan nim y nhng b Sa-mn Ca-dip hng phc, sa sai nn on tr x b. Nu Tn gi Kiu-him-bt- c xung chu Dim-ph th xin bo cng khp cho mi ngi chu Dim-ph hay rng: Nu c b th, tu phc th hy ch tm b th, t tay b th, t mnh n b th, ch tn b th, bit c nghip bo b th. V sao? V mun ng cho mt ai hng phc bo nh vua T-t x T-ha- na. Vua T-t l vua b th v khng ch tm b th nn sanh vo vo cung in trng khng rng Nhung th ci T thin vng nh hp. By gi Tn gi Kiu-him-bt- im lng nhn li. Sau , lc Tn gi Kiu-him-bt xung chu Dim-ph, rao cng khp cho mi ngi chu Dim-ph bit: phi ch tm b th, t tay b th, t mnh n b th, ch tn b th, bit c nghip, c nghip bo b th. V sao? V mun ng cho mt ai hng phc bo b th nh vua T-t, x T-ha- na. Vua T-t l vua b th m v khng ch tm b th nn sanh vo vo cung in trng khng rng Tng th, ci T thin vng nh hp. Tn gi Cu-ma-la Ca-dip thuyt nh vy. Vua T-t v cc c s x T-ha- nghe xong, hoan h phng hnh.