TUYEN TAP

CAC DANG BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM

nh ng
MON
Giai bai tap dong ien xoay chieu
s dung gian o vect

Chuyen e:
NGUYEN TRONG NHAN
HOT
PHNG PHAP GIAI NHANH
VAT L
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 1/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
O A
B
C
A B
R
U

A. L thuyt
I. Gin vect s dng quy tc hnh bnh hnh (quy tc chung gc)
1. Ni dung quy tc:
Nu OABC l hnh bnh hnh th ta c:
OA OC OB + =


(SGK lp 10)

2. Nhng gin c bn:
- on mch ch c R
Trong on mch xoay chiu ch c in
tr thun R th
U
R
lun lun cng pha vi I
Nh vy ta c gin sau:

- on mch ch c L
Khi on mch xoay chiu ch cha L th U
L
lun nhanh
pha hn I mt gc bng
2

Nh vy ta c gin vect:


- on mch ch c C
Khi on mch xoay chiu ch cha L th U
L
lun chm
pha so vi I mt gc bng
2

Nh vy ta c gin vect:


- on mch c c R, L, C
Cch v:
- Ly 1 im lm gc, ta v 1 vect thng ng hng
ln trn biu din vect U
L
.
- Tr li im gc , ta v 1 vect nm ngang hng
t tri sang phi biu din U
R

- Li t im gc, ta v 1 vect thng ng hng
xung di biu din vect U
C
.
- Dng quy tc hnh bnh hnh ta c vect U
Ta thy rng khi s dng quy tc hnh bnh hnh th ta phi tnh tin nhiu vect, v
khin cho gin phc tp v kh nhn. Tuy nhin khng phi v th m chng ta b
qua. Bi v n va l tin c bn va t ra rt hu ch trong mt s trng hp.
- Lu :
tit kim thi gian v cng sc nn cc vect mnh s khng ghi du mi tn
trn ch ci. Mnh ngh khi cc bn c, cc bn s t hiu thi m ^^.


A B
R
A B
L
I

U
L

U
C

A B
C
U
R
U
C
U
L
U

U
L
U
c
U
C
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 2/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
D

U
R
U
U
L
U
C
I
II. Gin vect s dng quy tc a gic
i vi phng php s dng quy tc hnh bnh hnh, ta thy vic tng hp rt phc
tp, cc vect chng cht ln nhau v rt kh nhn.
Chnh v vy, chng ta s s dng mt quy tc khc
gip gin vect gn gng v d nhn hn.
1. Ni dung quy tc:
Xt tng vect: D A B C = + +

. Ta v vect A

trc. Sau , t im ngn ca vect A

, ta v ni tip
vect B

(gc ca vect B

trng vi im ngn ca
vect A

). T im ngn ca vect B

, ta v ni tip
vect C

.Sau ta ni im u v im cui li vi
nhau, ta c vect tng D

2. Nhng lut c bn:
- Vect I

lun c phng nm ngang.

- Vect biu din U
R
lun cng phng vi I (phng ngang)
- Vect biu din U
L
lun c phng thng ng, hng ln trn.
- Vect biu din U
C
lun c phng thng ng, hng xung di.
- Chiu dng ngc chiu quay kim ng h (p dng cho tt c cc gin )
- Khi cn biu din mt vect tng hp ca nhiu vect thnh phn th chng ta phi
v cc vect lin k nhau, khng b gin on bi vect khc.
Vd: on mch c r, L, R. Biu din lch pha ca U
r,L
so vi I:








- Lu
V v theo quy tc a gic l v mt cch ni tip, nn s c trng hp cc vect
s chng ln nhau. V vy khi lm bi, cc bn nn to khong cch va phi
khi nhm ln.
Vd:

3. Gin vect a gic c bn:
- V 1 vect thng ng hng ln trn biu din vect U
L
.
- V 1 vect nm ngang hng t tri sang phi biu din U
R

- V 1 vect thng ng hng xung di biu din vect
U
C
.
- Ni im u v im cui, ta c vect U
- Ti im u ca vect U
L
ta v 1 vect phng nm ngang,
hng t tri sang phi biu din vect I
- di ca tng vect (vect I mun v di bao nhiu cng
c) phi tng xng vi gi tr ca bi.
U
R U
r
U
L
U
r,L
Sai

U
R
U
r
U
L U
r,L
ng

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 3/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
VD: U
L
=70, U
C
=100 th khng th v U
L
di hn U
C
c.
- Ty theo tng bi m ta phi tnh tin cc vect sao cho d tnh.
III. Gin vect kt hp.
i lc chng ta phi bit kt hp cc phng php gip gii quyt nhanh chng
nhng bi kh.
Vd: Biu din lch pha gia U
R,C
v U
R,L












Vui mt cht:
Ta xt gin vect ca mt on mch bt k cha c R, L, C
Xt tam gic ABC ta c
2 2
( )
L C
Z R Z Z = + (*)
Biu thc (*) qu quen thuc ng khng no. Qua chng ta
c th thy gin vect c tm quan trng nh th no i
vi vic dy v hc mn Vt L.



IV. Cc cng thc thng dng.
* ABC l tam gic vung ti A, ta c:

2 2 2
A B C = + (Py-ta-go)
Gi AH l ng cao k t nh A
AH
2
= BH.HC
AB
2
= BH.BC
AH.BC = AB.AC

2 2 2
1 1 1
AH AB AC
= +
Sin = i/huyn Cos = k/huyn Tan = i/k Cot = k/i
* ABC l tam gic thng ta c:

2 2 2
2. . . AC AB BC AB BC Cos ABC = +

2 2 2
2. .
AB BC AC
CosABC
AB BC
+
=

* ABC l tam gic u, ta c:
R
R
Z
C
Z
L
Z

Z
L
Z
c
A B
C
U
R

U
C
U
L
U
RL
U
RC
UR
URC
UL
URL
U
C
Kh tnh ton D tnh ton
A
B
C
H
A
B
C
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 4/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect

3
2
AB
AH =
(ng cao trong tam gic u bng cnh cn 3 chia hai)


B. Bi tp:
Bi 1: t mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo 2 u on mch AB gm
cun cm thun c t cm L, in tr thun R v t in c in dung C mc ni tip
theo th t trn. Gi U
L
, U
R
v U
C
ln lt l cc in p hiu dng gia hai u mi
phn t. Bit in p gia hai u on mch AB lch pha
2

so vi in p hai u on
mch NB (on mch NB gm R v C). H thc no di y ng:
A.
2 2 2 2
R L C
U U U U = + + B.
2 2 2 2
C R L
U U U U = + +
C.
2 2 2 2
L R C
U U U U = + + D.
2 2 2 2
R C L
U U U U = + +
(Trch thi tuyn sinh i Hc 2009)
Gii:
S mch in:

Gi :
V cho mi lin h gia cc hiu in th vi nhau nn ta s dng quy
tc a gic. Nhn yu cu ca v p n, cc hiu in th ny phi
c lp vi nhau.

Cch lm:
- V gin vect a gic c bn
- Theo gi thit, U
NB
vung gc vi U
AB
(NB cha R v C) nn ta ni
im u ca U
R
v im cui ca U
C
, ta c U
NB
.
- T tam gic ABN ta d dng c
2 2 2
L NB
U U U = + , m
2 2 2
NB R C
U U U = + , suy ra
2 2 2 2
L R C
U U U U = + +
p n C


Bi 2: on mch xoay chiu gm in tr thun R, cun dy thun cm c t cm L
v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Gi u
L
, u
R
v u
C
ln lt l cc hiu in th tc
thi gia hai u cc phn t L, R v C. Quan h v pha ca cc hiu in th ny l:
A. u
R
sm pha
2

so vi u
L
.

B. u
L
sm pha
2

so vi u
C.

C. u
R
tr pha
2

so vi u
C
. D. u
C
tr pha so vi u
L.

(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007)
Gii:
Gi :
V lin quan ti vic sm pha, tr pha gia cc i lng vi nhau, nn ta v gin
dng quy tc chung gc biu din cho d nhn.
Cch lm:
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 5/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
- V gin vect c bn c c RLC dng quy tc
chung gc.
- D dng ta thy U
R
tr pha
2

so vi U
L
A sai
- U
L
sm pha mt gc so vi u
C
. B sai
- U
R
sm pha
2

so vi U
C
C sai
p n: D

Bi 3: t vo on mch RLC khng phn nhnh mt hiu in th xoay chiu
0
sin u U t = . K hiu U
R
, U
L
, U
C
tng ng l hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u cc
phn t R, L v C. Nu
1
2
R L C
U U U = = th dng in trong mch:
A. Sm pha
2

so vi hiu in th hai u on mch.

B. Tr pha
4

so vi hiu in th hai u on mch.

C. Sm pha
4

so vi hiu in th hai u on mch.

D. Tr pha
2

so vi hiu in th hai u on mch

(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007)
Gii:
Gi :
Yu cu lin quan ti vic sm pha, tr pha gia U so vi I, chng t phi c bc
tng hp cc vect thnh phn v gin vect dng quy tc a gic. Sau s dng
cc gi thit tnh ton
Cch lm:
- V gin vect a gic c bn. Lu : di
1
2
R L C
U U U = =
- T im gc, v vect I cng chiu vi vect U
R
gc cn
tm l gc to bi vect U v vect I (c nh du chm hi)
- Ta ly hnh chiu ca im cui vect U
C
ln U
L

- T ta c tam gic nh pha di l tam gic vung cn
gc cnh y =
4

gc cn tm bng
2

-
4

=
4

(theo chiu
dng, I sau U nn I tr pha hn U)
p n: B

Bi 4: Cho on mch xoay chiu gm cun dy c in tr thun R, mc ni tip vi t
in. Bit hiu in th gia hai u cun dy lch pha
2

so vi hiu in th gia hai

U
R
U
L
U
C
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 6/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
u on. Mi lin h gia in tr thun R vi cm khng Z
L
ca cun dy v dung
khng Z
C
ca t in l:
A.
2
( ).
L L C
R Z Z Z =

B.
2
( ).
L C L
R Z Z Z =
C.
2
( ).
C C L
R Z Z Z = D.
2
( ).
C L C
R Z Z Z =
.

(Trch thi tuyn sinh i Hc 2008)
Gii:
Gi :
Dng gin vect a gic, sau da vo h thc lng trong tam gic vung tnh.
Cch lm:
- V gin vect a gic c bn. V U
dy
vung pha
so vi U => Z
C
ln hn Z
L

- Tnh tin vect R xung pha di nh trong hnh.
Khi R chnh l ng cao trong tam gic vung
ABC v HC = Z
C
- Z
L

- Xt tam gic vung ABC ta c AH
2
= BH.HC. M
BH = Z
L
, suy ra
2
( ).
L C L
R Z Z Z =
p n: B

Bi 5: Cho on mch xoay chiu gm cun dy mc ni tip vi t in. lch pha
ca hiu in th gia hai u cun dy so vi cng dng in trong mch l
3

.
Hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u t in bng 3 ln hiu in th hiu dng gia
hai u cun dy. lch pha ca hiu in th gia hai u cun dy so vi hiu in
th gia hai u on mch trn l:
A.
2
3
t

B. 0 C.
2
t
D.
3
t

(Trch thi tuyn sinh i Hc 2008)
Gii
Gi :
Dng gin vect a gic. p dng tnh cht hnh
hc tm ra gc gia U
dy
v U
Cch lm:
- V U
dy
lch pha
3

so vi I nn cun dy c
in tr thun.
- V gin vect a gic c bn. U
C
ln hn U
L

- Xt tam gic vung ABH, ta c BH = U
d
.cos
3

=
3
.
2
d
U
- Suy ra HC = BC BH =
3
.
2
d
U . Tam gic
ABC l tam gic cn ti A.
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 7/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
- Suy ra

2 3
2
2
BAC BAH = =
p n: A

Bi tp t luyn:
Bi 1: on mch R, L, C ni tip, c mc vo mng in xoay chiu c f= 50 Hz.
Bit R=100 , L=
1

(H), C=
50

F. Cng hiu dng trong on mch l I= 2 A.

Biu thc hiu in th ca on mch l:
A. 200 2 cos(100 )( )
4
t V

B. 200cos(100 )( )
4
t V

C. 200cos(100 )( )
4
t V

+ D. 200 2 cos(100 )
4
t

+ (V)
Bi 2: Mt on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun, cun cm thun v t in
mc ni tip. Bit cm khng gp i dung khng. Dng vn k xoay chiu (in tr rt
ln) o in p gia hai u t in v in p gia hai u in tr th s ch ca vn k
l nh nhau. lch pha ca in p gia hai u on mch so vi cng dng in
trong on mch l:
A.
4
t

B.
6
t
C.
3
t
D.
3
t

(Trch thi tuyn sinh i Hc 2009)
Bi 3: on mch AC c in tr thun, cun dy thun cm v t in mc ni tip. B
l mt im trn AC vi u
AB
= sin100tt (V) v u
BC
= 3sin(100tt -
t
2
) (V). Tm biu
thc hiu in th u
AC
.
A.
AC
u 2 2 sin(100 t) V = t B.
AC
u 2 sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t +
|
\ .

C.
AC
u 2sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t +
|
\ .
D.
AC
u 2sin 100 t V
3
t | |
= t
|
\ .

(Bi ny gii d dng vi phng php s phc)
Bi 4: Cho mch in LRC ni tip theo th t trn. Bit R l bin tr, cun dy thun
cm c L = 4/t(H), t c in dung C = 10
-4
/t(F). t vo hai u on mch mt hiu
in th xoay chiu n nh c biu thc: u = U
0
.sin100tt (V). hiu in th u
RL
lch
pha t/2 so vi u
RC
th R bng bao nhiu?
A. R = 300O. B. R = 100O.
C. R = 100 2 O. D. R = 200.
Bi 5: Cho on mch RLC ni tip, hiu in th hai u on mch c gi tr hiu dng
l 100(V). Tm U
R
bit
C L
Z R Z 2
3
8
= = .
A.60(V); B.120(V); C.40(V); D.80(V)
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 8/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
Bi 6: Cho on mch xoay chiu gm in tr R ghp ni tip vi cun dy khng
thun cm. Bit 200 2 cos(100 )( )
3
AB
u V
t
= t+ , U
AM
= 70V, U
MB
= 150V. H s cng
sut ca on mch MB bng:
A. 0,5 B. 0,6 C. 0,7 D. 0,8
Bi 7: Cho mt mch in LRC ni tip theo th t trn (cun dy thun cm). Bit R
thay i c,
1
( ) L H =
t
,
4
10
( ) C F

=
2t
. t vo hai u on mch mt hiu in th
xoay chiu c biu thc: cos100 ( )
o
u U t V = t . U
RL
lch pha
3
t
so vi U
RC
th:
A. R = 50 B. R = 50 C. R = 100 2 D. R = 100 3
Bi 8: t vo mch in R, L, C mc ni tip mt hiu in th xoay chiu c hiu in
th hiu dng khng i. Thy rng hiu in th hiu dng trn cc phn t R, L, C u
bng nhau v bng 100V. Nu lm ngn mch t in (ni tt hai bn cc ca n) th hiu
in th hiu dng trn in tr thun R l:
A. 50 2 (V) B. 100 (V) C. 100 2 (V) D. 200 (V)
Bi 9: t hiu in th xoay chiu 120 2 cos(100 )( )
6
u t V
t
= t + vo hai u ca mt
cun dy khng thun cm thy dng in trong mch c biu thc
2cos(100 )( )
12
i t A
t
= t . in tr thun r c gi tr bng:
A. 60 B. 85 C. 100 D. 120
(Bi ny lm siu nhanh vi phng php s phc ^^)
Bi 10: Mt on mch gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C,
in p hiu dng gia hai u t in c gi tr bng 60V v h s cng sut ca on
mch l 0,8. in p hiu dng hai u on mch bng:
A. 120V B. 80V C. 100V D. 40V
Bi 11: Cho mt mch in LRC ni tip theo th t trn (cun dy thun cm). Bit
1,8
( ) L H =
t
,
4
10
( ) C F

=
t
, R thay i c. t vo hai u on mch mt hiu in
th xoay chiu c biu thc: cos100 ( )
o
u U t V = t . U
AB
nhanh pha
4
3t
so vi U
C
th
gi tr in tr:
A. R = 100 2 B. R = 100 3 C. R = 80 D. R = 80 3
Bi 12: Cho on mch xoay chiu gm in tr R ghp ni tip vi cun dy khng
thun cm. Bit 200 2 cos(100 )( )
3
AB
u V
t
= t+ , U
AM
= 70V, U
MB
= 150V. H s cng
sut ca on mch AB bng:
A. 0,5 B. 0,6 C. 0,7 D. 0,8
Bi 13: Mt on mch gm 1 cun dy mc ni tip vi mt t in. t vo hai u
on mch in p xoay chiu 200V th in p trn cun dy v t in l 100 3 V v
100V. H s cng sut ca on mch l:
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 9/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect
A.
3
2
B.
1
2
C. 0 D. 1
(Bi ny cn thn, coi chng sai ^^)
Bi 14: Cho on mch nh hnh v. Bit U = 80 V, U
AN
= 60 V, U
NB
= 100 V . Hiu
in th U
L
l: (U
L
> U
MN
) (Ch : U
L
v U
dy
khc nhau nh )
A.30 V B. 36 V
C. 60 V D. 72 V


Bi 15: Cho on mch nh hnh v vi U
AM
= U
MN
= 25 V, U
NB
= 175 V,
175 2 cos100 u t = t (V). H s cng sut ca on mch l:
A.
1
25
B.
7
25

C.
24
25
D.
1
7



Gi :
y l bi kh phc tp, cc bn v gin vect
nh trong hnh. on AM l R, on MN l cun
dy, on NB l C v x l r. AM=MN=25,
NB=AB=175.
H s cng sut chnh l cos ca gc to bi U v I
(trong hnh l gc c du chm hi). Tm c gc
ny th s tm c h s cng sut.
D dng ta thy mun tnh gc th phi da vo
tam gic vung pha di. Th nhng di cc
cnh khng c tnh. V vy ta phi tm ra x,
lc ta s c ngay kt qu (ly cnh huyn chia cnh k)
Tnh x:
Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) AM x AB HB AB NB MN x + = =

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(25 ) 175 175 (175 25 ) x HB x + = =
Dng chc nng Solve tm x mt cch nhanh chng

B
C
A N
R
L,r
M
H
B
C
A N
R
L,r
M
L,r
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.


Trang 10/10 phuongphaphoctap.tk
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Gian o vect


Sau ly AH chia AB ra kt qu