2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 1

]p-kv-X-I-w- c≠v- / e-°w- ]{¥-≠-v / 2003 G-{]n¬-- -˛1 /1423 ap-l-¿-dw- -˛29

4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
6 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-
16 ss__n-fn-s≥-d ssZhn-IX
24
kw-hm-Z-w-

tNm-tZym-Ø-c-߃-
˛ tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v
˛ Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-

28 A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-I ˛3 Cu-kv-‰-dpw- {In-kv-Xp-aX-hpw-

˛ A-_v-Zp¬- Jm-en-Jv- ˛ ap-l-Ω-Z-en- am-kv-‰¿
36 ]eni: CkvemanI kao]\Øns≥d am\hnIX ˛2
˛ s{]-m-^.- ]n.]n. A_vZp¬ djoZv
50 F√mw- \-ap-°p-th-≠n- ˛I-hn-X-
˛ D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-

9 tZho˛tZhk¶¬]w-
D¬]Ønbpw ]cnWmahpw kv-t\-l-Pm≥-

21 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
1 Ckvemw ssiih hnhmlsØ AwKoIcn°p∂Xv sX‰t√?
2 Cu®bpsS NndIn¬ tcmKia\tam?
3 \-∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ- Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬-- lr-Z-b-Øn-\v- ]-¶p-t≠m?
4 a-X-Øn¬ {]-bm-kw- Ds≠-∂pw- C-s√-∂pw-
5 \-_n- (r)-sb- ]p-d-Øm-°n-b-h¿-°v- in-£- _m-[n-®p-thm?-
6 Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-®-Xv- H-‰-cm-{Xn-bn-tem- 23 h¿-j-Øn-\n-S-bn-tem?

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen O Site offset printers for Pioneer offset printers, Cochin-15. Published at
Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
I-≈w- ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-cv-?-
"C-tXm kv-t\-l- kw-hm-Zw'--? F∂ XehmNIØn¬ 2003
am¿®nse kvt\lkwhmZØn¬ h¿Kokv Fw. kmaph¬ Fgp
Xnb IØn\p≈ {]XnIcWamWnXv. DØcw In´mXmIptºmƒ
]et∏mgpw ss{I-kvXh anjWdnam¿ sNømdp≈ hneIpd™
AShpIfmWv Xm¶fpsS adp]Snbn¬ F\n°v Z¿in°m≥
Ign™Xv.
""hnhct°SpIfpw \pW{]NcWhpw \nßfpsS apJap
{ZbmWv'' F∂v \n®ns≥d A\pKmanIsf°pdn®v Xm¶ƒ Fgp
XnbXmbn I≠p. hnhct°SpIfpw \pW{]NcWhpw Zp¿hym
Jym\ßfpwsIm≠v Ckvemw {]Ncn∏nt°≠ KXntISv \n®n
s≥d A\pKmanIƒ°n√. ImcWw, RßfpsS ]°¬ ssZhnI
{K\vYamb ]cnip≤ Jp¿B\p≠v. A\ykapZmbsØtbm,
thZ{K\vYsØtbm,- hyIvXnIsftbm ]cma¿in°ptºmƒ
kq£vaX ssIs°mt≈≠Xv Hcp apkvenans≥d _m-[y-
XbmWv. \pW{]NcWØneqsStbm Zp¿hymJym\Øneq
hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-
kw-hm-Zw-
sStbm hna¿in®m¬ ssZhin£°v hnt[bamIpsa∂ DØa
t_m[tØmsSbmWv R߃ {]XnIcn°p∂Xv.
""Imf s]s‰∂v tI´v IbsdSpØv NmScpXv. Hcp \nanj
sa¶nepw Nn¥n°Ww. "ss__nfpw Jp¿B\pw hkvXp\njvT
ambn ]Tn®n´n√' F∂ hN\w an. A¬Xm^v tIm´bw FgpXn
b IØnse hmNIamWv''- (Unkw. 2002 , t]Pv 5, tImfw 3,
hcn 24) F∂v Xm¶fpsS adp]Snbn¬ I≠p. kXyØn¬ AXv
Xm¶fpsSXs∂ hm°mWv. ImcWw, A¬Xm^v (A-Snhcbn´
hmNIw) A{]ImcsagpXnbn´n√. At±lw FgpXnbXv C{]
ImcamWv: "thZ]pkvXItam Jp¿Bt\m hkvXp\njvT
]Tn®n´n√'' (2002 Unkw_¿,- t]Pv 5,- tImfw 2, hcn 24). c≠n
s≥dbpw Bibw H∂mbncn°mw. Xm¶ƒ Izt´j≥ FgpXnb
t∏mƒ Bcv FgpXnsbt∂m, ]pkvXIØns≥d t]tcm,- t]Pv
\ºtd-m H∂pw I≠n√. Xm¶ƒ FgpXnb hmNIßfn¬ Hcp
hmNIØn\v Izt´j\n´psh∂v am{Xw. Ign™ adp]Snbnse
Xm¶sfgpXnb JWvUnI ImWpI: ""ss__nfpw Jpdm\pw
hkvXp\njvT-ambn ]Tn®n´n√. Jp¿B≥ ]Tnt°≠Xns≥d
Bhiyw F\n°n√. ]Tn®nStØmfw {]tbmP\w C√msb∂v
a\ nembn. ss__nfpw ]q¿Wambn ]Tn®n´n√. F∂m¬
\nXyPoh≥ {]m]n°p∂sXßs\sb∂pw temIØn¬ Pohn
t°≠sXßs\ F∂Xns\°pdn®pw ]Tn°pIbpw A\p`hn
°pIbpw sNøp∂p. AX-paXn'' (2003 P\phcn, tImfw H∂v,
2
t]Pv 5, ]mc 3). XpS¿®bmbp≈ hmNIßfmWv ]mc{Km^nep
≈Xv. A¬Xm^ns≥d hmNIw CXn¬ FhnsSbmWp≈Xv?-
tImfw C´XpsIm≠v At±lØns≥d hm°mIptam? C\n ASn
hcbn´ `mKw {i≤n°pI: ""ss__nfpw ]q¿Wambn ]Tn®n´n√''
F∂v Xm¶ƒ kzbw AhImis∏SpIbmWv.- Cu hmNIhpw
a‰p≈hcpsS Xebn¬sh®psI´ptam? AXpsIm≠m- W v -
Xm¶ƒ ss__nƒ hkvXp\njvTambn ]Tn®n´n√ F∂v Xm¶ƒ
Xs∂ ]d™Xmbn Rm≥- FgpXnbXv.
tUm. tPm¨k¨ Fw.Fw. AIv_dns\ ]pIgvØnb
ImcysØ kw_\v[n®v Rm≥ FgpXnbXn\v Xm¶ƒ hfsc
"hƒ-K¿- ' Bbn {]XnIcn°pIbp≠mbn. ""jaotd, C{Xbpw hen
b \pWIƒ {]Ncn∏n°m≥ Hcp Dfp∏pw tXm∂p∂nt√? Aß
s\sbmcp kw`hw \S∂Xmbn´v Rm≥ I≠n√..... Cu kw`hw
Xm¶ƒ am{Xw I≠Xv AXv`pXambncn°p∂p.... tUm. tPm¨
k¨ Hcn°epw Aßs\ Hcp hnhct°Sv ImWn°n√. ]ns∂,
an. AIv_dnt\mSp≈ Xm¶fpsS AanX `IvXnbn¬ h√ t]°n
\mhpw I≠Xmbncn°pw-'' (2003 am¿®v, t]Pv 5, tImfw
3, t]c 1). hfsc XcwXmW ]Z߃sIm≠mWv Xm¶
ƒ {]XnIcn®Xv. Rm≥ FgpXnbXv Ifhmbncp∂psh
¶n¬ Xm¶fpsS adp]Sn {]kn≤oIcn°mXncp∂m¬
aXnbmbncp∂p. ]t£, Xm¶sft]mep≈ anjWdnam
cpsS Im]Syw hmb\°m¿ a\ nem°Ww. Rm≥
FgpXnbXv kXyamWv. kXyssZhsØ km£n\n
¿Øp∂p. F∂m¬ Xm¶ƒ kXysØ AkXywsIm
≠v aqSm≥ {ian°p∂p. tUm. tPm¨k¨ AIv_
dns\ ]pIgvØnbXv Cw•ojv `mjbnemWv. Hcp]
t£, B `mj Xm¶ƒ°v Xncn™n´p≠mhpIbn√˛
`mj XncnbmØXv Fs≥d Ipg∏a√˛ AXpsIm≠m
Wv Aßs\sbmcp kw`hw \S∂Xmbn´v Xm¶ƒ
ImWm™Xv. Cu kw`hw kXyamtWmsb∂v tPm
¨k¨ kmdnt\mSv tNmZn°pI. At±lw Ifhv ]dbpIbn√
F∂v hnizkn°p∂p.- AIv_dns\ tUm. tPm¨k¨ ]pIgv
ØnbXv Xm¶sf kw_\v[n®nStØmfw hnhct°Smbncn°mw.
hnhchpw hnhct°Spw Xncn®dnbm≥ ]Tn°pI.
Zp¿hymJym\߃°v DZmlcW߃ F∂ XehmNI
tØmsS \mev JWvUnIIƒ Xm¶ƒ FgpXn∏nSn∏n°pIbp
≠mbn. AXn¬ H∂matØXv AIv_dns\ kw_\v[n®mbn
cp∂p. ""lmKdns≥dbpw Ckvamtbens≥dbpw Imcyw ]d™ph
cp∂nSØv bnkvamtb¬ Hcp sNdnb Ip´nbmbncp∂psh∂v Im
- a
- mbn´v
Wn°m≥ ss__nƒ FgpØpIm¿ I≈w ImWn®psh∂v sXfn
bn°m≥ an. AIv_¿ D≤cn°p∂ hmIyw D¬]Øn 21:14. Ip´n
sb tXmfn¬sh®v Ahsf ]d™b®p.... a‰p]e ]cn`mjIfpw
hmbn®n´pw AIv_¿ I≠Xpt]mse I≠n√. sX‰mb kz¥-w
Bib߃ {]Ncn∏n°phm≥ C{Xbpw XcwXmW X{¥ßƒ
{]tbmKn°tWm?'' (2003 am¿®v, t]Pv 5, tImfw 3, ]mc 2).
Xm¶ƒ ss__nƒ hkvXp\njvTambn ]Tn®n´n√ F∂Xn\p-
≈--sXfnhpIfn¬ H∂mWv Xm¶fpsS Cu h-N-\-߃-. ]e ]cn
`mjIfpw ]cntim[n®n´pw an. kmaph¬ ImWmØXv AIv_¿
I≠p. "T' h´Øn¬\n∂pw ss__nƒ ]Tn®Xn\-mem-Wv- Xm¶
ƒ°v- Cu- KXn- h-∂-Xv-.- ankv‰¿ kmaph¬ ImWmØXpw AIv
_¿ I≠Xpamb hN\߃ CXm:-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
"A{_lmw AXncmhnse Fgpt∂‰v
A∏hpw Hcp XpcpØn sh≈hpw lmKm
dns\ G¬]n®p, Ip´nsb tXmfn¬sh®v
Ahsf ]d™b®p'' (Hmim\ ss_
_nƒ, D¬]Øn 21:14).
Early next morning, Abraham took
some bread and a skin of water and giv-
ing them to Hagar, Put the child on her
shoulder and sent her away'' (The new
Jerusalem Bible, Genesis 21;14).
``Early the next morning Abraham
gave Hagar some bread and a leather bag
full of water. He put the Child on her
back and sent her away'' (Good News
Bible, Today's English Version. The
Bible Society of India. Genesis 21:14).
an. kmaphen\v X¬°mew Cu
aq∂v sXfnhpIƒ t]mtc?- C\nbpw Fgp
Xm≥ Ignbpw. adp]SnbpsS ssZ¿Ly
sØ `b°p∂p. ASnhcbn´ `mKw {i≤n
°pI. "Ip´nsb tXmfn¬sh®v Ahsf
]d™b®p'-,- AYhm \S°m≥t]mepw
{]mbw FØmØ Ckvamtbens\ lm
Kmdns≥d tXmfn¬ A{_lmw sh®p
sh∂v. \nßfpsS hnizmk{]Imcw B
kabØv Ckvamtben\v GItZiw 16
hb -v D≠mbncn°pw-. F¶n¬ 16 hb p
≈ Ip´nsb A{_lmw lmKmdns≥d
tXmfn¬ sh®psImSp°p∂sXßs\
bmWv? Ckvamtb¬ Hcp Ip´nbmsW∂v
hcpØnXo¿°m≥ ss__nƒ FgpØp
Im¿ I≈w ImWn®t∏mƒ D≠mb A_
≤amWv ta¬kqNn∏n®Xv. BbXn\m¬
AIv _ dns≥d hmZw icnbt√? Xcw
XmW X{¥ßƒ {]tbmKn®Xv Xm¶tfm
AtXm AIv_tdm? sX‰mb kz¥w B
ib߃ {]Ncn∏n°p∂Xv Xm¶tfm
AtXm AIv_tdm? Zp¿hymJym\w sN
øp∂Xpw I≈w FgpXn∏-nSn∏n°p∂Xpw
Xm¶tfm AtXm Cubp≈ht\m? Fs¥
¶nepw t`-mjXzw FgpXn∏nSn∏n®v AXv
a‰p≈hcpsS Xebn¬- sI´nsh°p∂
I]SX{¥w {]tbmKn°p∂Xv Xm¶ƒ B
sc Xr]vXns∏SpØm\mWv? ssZhsØ
tbm AtXm kmØms\tbm?
c≠pw aq∂pw JWvUnIIƒ aplΩ
Zen amkv‰sdbpw Fs∂bpw kw_\v[n
®mWv. ""aplΩZen amkv‰¿.... ]utemkv
\pW {]NcWw \SØnsb∂mtcm]Ww..
AXn\v ]utemkns≥d Xs∂ Hcp hmN
Iw D≤cn°p∂p.....'' (2003 am¿®v t]Pv
50, tImfw 1, ]mc 1). ]utemkv \pW{]
NcWw \SØnsb∂ amkv‰dpsS Btcm
]Ww icnbmWv. 2003 \hw_dnse "{Inkv
XpaXhpw {]mIrX aXßfpw' F∂ teJ
\Øn¬ At±lw A-Xv- ka¿Yn®n´p≠v.
Xm¶ƒ im¥ambn B teJ\w hmbn°p
I;- At∏mƒ a\ nemIpw. F¶nepw AXn
s≥d Npcp°w Ipdn°p∂p: tam£{]m]vXn
°p th≠n tbiphpw ]utemkpw ]Tn∏n
®Xv ]ckv]cw hncp≤ßfmb A[ym]\
ßfneqsSbmWv. \nXyPoh≥ {]m]n°m≥
tXmdb\pkcn®v Pohn°pI (aØmbn
19:16) F∂ XØ-zamWv tbip ]Tn∏n®Xv.
AXns\ X≈n∏dbp∂h\pw Ifhm°p
∂h\pw ssZhin£°v hnt[b\mIpsa
∂pw At±lw ]Tn∏n®p (aØmbn 5:17˛19).
F∂m¬ ]utemkv ]dbp∂p: ""\nbam\p
jvTm\Øn¬ (tXmdb\pkcn®v) B{iba
¿∏n°p∂ F√mhcpw im]Øn\v hnt[
bcmWv . ..Hcph\pw ssZhk∂n[nbn¬
\nbawhgn \oXo-Icn°s∏Sp∂n√ F∂v
hyIvXamWv''- (KemØn 3:10, 11 ]n.H.kn
ss__nƒ). \nbaØnemWv \n߃
\oXoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xv F∂v IcpXps∂
¶n¬ {Inkv X phnt\mSp≈ \nßfpsS
_\v[w hntOZn°s∏´ncn°p∂p'' (Kem
Øn 5:4 ]n.H.kn) AYhm kXy{InkvXym
\nbmIpIbn√ F∂v. CX-n¬ GXmWv
kXyw. Xm¶ƒ°v ]dbm≥ Ignbptam?
c≠v hmZßfpw Hcpt]mse kXyamhp
Ibn√. Aßs\ hmZn°p∂h¿ t`mj∑m
cmsW∂Xv hkvXpXbmWv. c≠n¬ Ht∂
kXyamIphm≥ km[yXbp≈q. at‰Xv
Ifhpw. tbip Ifhv ]dbpIbn√. ss{I
kvXhcpw apkvenwIfpw Hcpt]mse Aw
KoIcn°p∂ hkvXpXbmWXv.- AXpsIm
≠v ]utemkv ]d™Xv IfhmWv. Bb
Xn\m¬ ""Fs≥d AkXyw hgn ssZhØn
s≥d kXyw AhnSsØ alXzw h¿[n∏n
°ps∂¶n¬ Fs∂ ]m]nsb∂v hn[n°p
∂sX¥n\v?'' (tdma 3:7, ]n.H.kn. ss_
_nƒ) F∂ ]utemkns≥d hN\wXs∂
sXfnhn\mbn At±lw sImSpØp. Hcp
]t£, Xm¶sft]mep≈hsc kw_\v
[n®nStØmfw B hN\w ]utemkns≥d
t]cnep≈ Btcm]Wambncn°mw. B
Btcm]Ww kXyamsW∂v amkv‰¿ ka
¿Yn°pIbmWnhnsS. AXpsIm≠v amkv
‰¿ D≤cn®Xpt]mse Rm≥ FgpXn F∂v
am{Xw. ss__nfnep≈ Fs≥d ]mWv
UnXyw sXfn-bn-®X√. AXn\v Rm≥ Hcp
]WvUnX\pa√. Xm¶ƒ adp]Snbn¬ Fgp
3
Xnb ]gws©-m√v Xm¶fnte°v Xs∂
_padmM- v Bbn hcnIbmWv . ""Imf
s]s‰∂v tI´mepS≥ IbsdSpØv NmS
cpXv. Hcp \nanjsa¶nepw Nn¥n°Ww''.
ktlmZcm, hkvXpXIƒ hkvXp\njvT-
ambn a\ nem°nbtijw hna¿in°pI.
\memw tImfØn¬ AIv_dns\
sh√phnfn®psIm≠p≈ ]cma¿iw
I≠p. ""kwhmZw \S∂Xv ss__nfn
s≥d ssZhnIX F∂ hnjbsØ Ipdn
®mWv. AXn\v R߃ \ncØnb Hcp
hmZØn\v t]mepw AIv _ ¿ adp]Sn
]d™n´pt≠m? Acn F{X F∂v tNmZn
®m¬ ]bd™mgn F∂√ adp]Sn. Rß
ƒ \ncØnb A©v Imcyßfn¬ (imkv
{Xw, ]pcmhkvXp imkv{Xw, Ncn{Xw,
IsøgpØv{]XnIƒ, {]hN\w) H∂p
t]mepw hyIvXambn ]cma¿in°m≥ Ign
™n´pt≠m?'' (2003 am¿®v,- t]Pv 50, tIm
fw 2, ]mc 4). hnNn{Xamb Hcp sh√p
hnfnbmWn-X-v. AIv_dns≥d {]kwK
Øn¬ ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIXs°
Xncmb Ggv hyIvXamb sXfnhpIƒ \nc
ØpIbp≠mbn. Hcp ssZhnI {K\vYw
a\pjysc [m¿anIX ]Tn∏n°p∂Xm
IWw, Ncn{Xw hkv X p\njv T ambncn
°Ww, {]hN\߃ ]q¿ØoIcn°Ww,
imkv{Xobm_≤߃ D≠mIm≥ ]mSn
√, sshcp[-y߃ D≠mIm≥ ]mSn√.....
(kvt\lkwhmZw,- 2002 HIvtSm_¿, t]Pv
16 apX¬ t\m°pI). tUm. - ^ nen∏v
Ahbv-°v hyIvXambn adp]Sn ]dbmsX
AIv_¿ ]dbmØ ImcyßfmWv ]d
™pt]mbXv (2003 s^{_phcn, t]Pv 16
apX¬ ImWpI)-. kmaph¬ BIs´ Jp¿
Bs\bpw aplΩZv \_nsbbpw NoØ
]dbm\pw sshImcnIXtbmsS _men
iamb Nne hmZ߃ \n-cØphm\pamWv
IqSpX¬ kabw sNehgn®Xv. (2002
\hw_¿, t]Pv 16 apX¬ ImWpI)- .
F∂m¬ AIv_¿ tUm. ^-nen∏ns≥d
A©v hmZ߃°pw- hkvXp\njvTambn
adp]Sn ]dbpIbp≠mbn. (2002 Unkw
_¿, t]Pv 14 apXepw 2003 s^{_phcn,
t]Pv 20 apXepw hmbn°pI)-. Cu "kvt\
lkwhmZ'-߃ hm-b-\-°mcp-sS-- I¨ap
ºnep≠v. F∂n´pw an. kmaph¬ hmb\
°msc a≠∑mcm°m≥ {ian°p∂p.
BbXn\m¬ Acn F{X F∂v tNmZn®m
¬ ]bd™mgn F∂v adp]Sn ]d™Xv
Ccph¿kwLamb tUm. ^nen∏pw
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 47 ¬-)
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 4

Xn-cp-sam-gn-

Ckvemapw h¿KobXbpw
A_q-- ap-^o-Zv-

hmkn-eXp-_v\p¬ AkvJAv (y): Rm≥ tNmZn®p: ""A√mlp

hns≥d Z-qXtc!- F¥mWv h¿KobX?'' AhnSp∂v adp]Sn \¬In: A_qZmhqZv
""kz¥w BfpIsf A\ymbØn¬ ]n¥pW°¬.-''

h¿KobX, kaImenI temI emWv Ckv e mw am{XamWv kXy \Ωn¬s]´h\√'' (A_qZmhqZv).

Øv Gsd N¿® sNøs∏Sp∂ Hcp
hnjbw. F¥mWv h¿KobX? ]e
¿°pw ]e cq]Ønep≈ \n¿hN\
ßfp≠v. F∂m¬ aplΩZv \_n (r)
\¬Inb, apIfn¬ sImSpØ \n¿h
N\tØmfw A¿YhØmb Hcp \n¿
hN\w Hcmƒ°pw \¬Im≥ Ign™n
´n√ F∂XmWv bmYm¿Yyw.
Hcp aXhnizmkn Xs≥d hnizm
khpw Xs≥d aXhpamWv icn F∂v
hnizkn°p∂Xv h¿KobXbmtWm?
Ah≥ Xs≥d aX\n¿tZia\pkcn®v
Pohn°p∂Xv h¿KobXbmtWm?
aXw \njvI¿jn°p∂ I¿am\pjv
Tm\ßfn¬ \njv I rjv S X ]pe¿
Øp∂Xv h¿KobXbmtWm? Hcn°
epa√! Aßs\bp≈ Hcmsfs°-m
≠v B¿°pw Hcp {]bmkhpw D≠m
hpIbn√.
""\nivNbambpw A√mlphn¶¬
kzoImcyamb aXw Ckvemwam-{Xam
Ip∂p''- (hn.Jp. 3:19),- ""Ckvema√mØ
a‰p h- √ - aXhpw Ahew_n°pI
bmsW¶n¬ Hcn°epw (A√mlp
hn¶¬) AXv kzoImcyambncn°bn
√'' (hn.Jp. 3:85). Cu Jp¿B≥
kqIvXßfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn
aXsa∂v apkvenwIƒ hnizkn°p
∂Xv;- AXv {]Jym]n°p∂Xpw {]
t_m[\w sNøp∂Xpw.- a‰p≈h¿
°pw CtXt]mse sNøphm\p≈
AhImiap≠v ; {]amWßfpsS
shfn®Øn¬ AXv ka¿Yn°m\pw.
CXpsIms≠m∂pw B¿°pw bmsXm
cp {]bmkhpap≠mIm≥ t]mIp
∂n√.
A\ymbamWv Hcmƒ sNbvXsX
¶nepw Abmƒ Xs≥d kapZmb°m
ct\m, Xs≥d kz¥°mct\m B
sW∂Xn\m¬ Abmsf ]n¥pW
°pIbpw klmbn°pIbpw sNøp∂
Xv ISpØ A{IaamWv. AXv h≥
hn]ØpIƒ°v hgnsh°pw. AXns\
bmWv Ckvemw h¿KobX F∂v hnfn
°p∂Xv. \ymbamb ImcyØn¬ X
s≥d aXØn¬s]´hs\, kz¥°m
cs\ klmbn®m¬ AXv h¿KobX
bmIptam? Hcn°epan√. AsXmcp
_m[yXm\n¿hlWw am{XamWv.
\_n (r) ]d™p: "h¿KobXbn
te°v £Wn°p∂h≥ \Ωn¬s]
´h\√. h¿KobX°pth≠n bp≤
Ønte¿s∏´h≥ \Ωn¬s]´h\√.
h¿KobX°pth≠n acn°p∂h≥
C{X hyIvXambn, IWniambn
h¿KobXsb FXn¿°p∂ Ckvem
ans\ h¿KobXbpsSbpw Xo{hhmZ
Øns≥dbpw aXambn Nnesc¶nepw
Nn{XoIcn°pIbpw {]Ncn∏n°pI
bpw sNøp∂Xns≥d ]n∂n¬ B
Btcm]IcpsS a\ nep≈ ]®bm
b h¿KobXbmsW∂v a\ nem
°m≥ {]bmkan√.- (Nne apkvenw
\ma[mcnIfpsS \nIrjvSamb sNbv
XnIfpw AXn\v B°w Iq´p∂p
s≠∂Xv \ntj[n°p∂n√).
Ckv e mw h¿Kob Nn¥mKXn
bpsS A\¥c^eamb hwilXy
\SØnbn´n√. \SØnbXmbn sXfn
bn°m≥ km[yhpa√. AtXkabw
apkvenwIƒ ]e \mSpIfnepw AXn
\v Ccbmbn´p≠v. CcbmIp∂pap≠v.
k¿htemI ]cn]meIs≥d
aXw kvt\lØns≥dbpw kmtlmZ
cyØns≥dbpw aXamWv. Akln
jvWpX°pw h¿KobX°pw AXn¬
kvYm\an√. CjvSap≈ BZ¿ia\p
kcn®v Pohn°m≥ AXv A\paXn
\¬Ip∂p. ""\n߃°v \nßfpsS
aXw. F\n°v Fs≥d aXhpw''
(hn.Jp. 109:6).
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 5

]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-....-

im¥nbpsS aXw, \oXnbpsSbpw

"kn¬-av'- F-∂- ]-Z-[m-Xp-hn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- "C-kv-emw'- \n-jv-]-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- kp-c£n-
X-Xzw,- k-am-[m-\w- F-∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv- kn¬-an-s≥-d- A¿-Yw.- C-kv-emw- F-∂m¬- k-a¿∏Ww-
F-∂m-W-t√m- km-cw.- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\p-≈- k-ºq¿-W- k-a¿-∏-Ww- h-gn-bm-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y-Ønep-
≈- im-¥n-bpw- kp-c-£n-X-Xz-hp-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv- F-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-bn-te-°v- Cu- c-≠v- i-_vZß-
fpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[w- hn-c¬-Nq-≠p-∂p.- ssZ-hn-I- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\- {]-Im-c-ap-≈- Po-hn-XamWv-
ssh-b-Iv-Xn-I-X-ew- ap-X¬- cm-jv-{S-m-¥-co-b- X-ew-h-sc-bp-≈- k-am-[m-\-Øn-\pw- kp-c-£nX-
Xz-Øn-\pw- \n-an-Ø-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xm-W-t√m- h-kv-Xp-X.-
A-ssP-h-tem-I-Øpw- ssP-h-tem-I-Øp-ap-≈- Z-i-e-£-°-W-°n-\v- h-kv-Xp-°-sf-√mw-
Ir-Xy-hpw- \n-b-X-hp-am-b- ssZ-hn-I- \n-b-a-߃-°v- hn-t[-b-am-bn-s°m-≠m-Wv- \n-e-\n¬°p-
∂-sX-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- \-ap-°-dn-bmw.- C-Nv-Om-kzm-X-{¥yw- \¬-I-s∏-´n-´n-√m-Ø- A-h-bp-sS-
tem-I-Øv- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- im-¥n-bp-sS-bpw- ]m-c-kv-]-cy-Øn-s≥-d-bp-sa-√mw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
Im-c-Ww- A-h-bn¬- \n¿-_-\v-[n-X-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈- k-a¿-∏W-am-Wv.- k-hn-ti-j-am-b- Akv-
Xn-Xzw- \¬-I-s∏-´- a-\p-jy≥- A-h-\v- kzm-X-{¥yw- \¬-I-s∏-´- ta-J-e-I-fn¬- ssZ-hn-I-
\nb-a-߃-°v- hn-t[-b-am-bn- Po-hn-°p-tºmƒ- {]-]-©-Øn-em-I-am-\w- \n-d-™p-\n¬-°p∂-
im-¥n- X-∂n-te-°v- B-hm-ln-°p-Ib - pw- X-\n-°v- Np-‰p-ap-≈- {]m-]© - n-I- {]-Xn-`m-kß - f - pambn-
c-ay-X-bn-epw- ]m-c-kv-]-cy-Øn-epw- h¿-Øn-°m≥- A-h-\v- I-gn-bp-I-bpw- sN-øpw.- C-ß-s\-
ssZ-hn-I- \n-ba- ß
- ƒ- ]m-en-°p-∂X - n-s≥-d- t]-cm-Wv- C-kve - mw.- Po-hn-XØ
- n¬- D-S\ - o-fw- ssZhn
I- \n-ba- ß
- ƒ- ]m-en-®p-sIm-≠v- im-¥a - m-b- a-\ - pw- k-am-[m-\] - q¿-Wa - m-b- km-lN- c- yßfpw-
kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv- ap-kv-enw.-
k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\v- kz-¥w- Po-hn-X-sØ- k-a¿-∏n-°p-I-bpw- A-h-\n¬- k-I-e-Im-cy-ß-fpw-
`-c-ta¬-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xp-aq-e-am-Wv- H-cmƒ-°v- ]q¿-W-am-b- A¿-Y-Øn-ep-≈- a-\xim-
¥n- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥- I-gn-bp-I.- ssZ-hk - a v- c
- W
- b
- m-Wv- a-\x-im-¥n- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈- am¿Kw.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- ""A-Xm-b-Xv- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw,- A-√m-lp-sh-∏-‰n-bp-≈-
Hm¿-a-sIm-≠v- a-\- p-Iƒ- im-¥-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-sc.-- {i-≤n-°p-I-;- A-√m-lpsh-
∏-‰n-bp-≈- Hm¿-a-sIm-≠-s{X- a-\- p-Iƒ- im-¥-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.- 13:-28).-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 6

ssZ-hn-I- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\- {]-Im-c-ap-≈- Po-hn-Xw-h-gn- ssh-b-Iv-Xn-I- X-e-Øn-ep-≈- im¥n-

am-{X-a-√- I-c-K-X-am-hp-I.- Ip-Spw-_-Øn-epw- k-aq-l-Øn-ep-sa-√mw- ]q¿-W-am-b- im-¥n- Ic-
K-X-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬- ssZ-hn-I- am-¿-K-\n¿-tZ-i-ap-≈- Po-hn-Xw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-
X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[-ß-fn¬- k-am-[m-\-ap-≠m-h-W-sa-¶n¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cpw- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-l-
W-Øn¬- \n-jvI - ¿-jbp-≈h - c
- m-bn-cn-°W - w.- hy-IvX - n-Xe- Ø
- n-ep-≈- im-¥n-°p-t]m-epw- \oXn-
\n-jv-T-am-b- Po-hn-Xw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.- kz-¥w- Xr-jv-W-I-tfm-Sv- \o-Xn-]p-e¿-Øp-hm-\mWv;-
X-r-jv-W-I-sf- \n-tj-[n-°p-hm-\-√- C-kv-emw- a-\p-jy-sc- B-lzm-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- ssZ-hn-I-
am¿-K-\n¿-tZ-i-߃-°v- A-\p-kr-X-am-bn- Xr-jv-W-I-tfm-Sv- \o-Xn-]p-e¿-Øp-tºmƒ- hy-IvXn-
°pw- k-aq-lØ - n-\p-sa-√mw- k-am-[m-\] - q¿-Wa - m-b- H-cp- A-hk- vY
- - kw-Pm-Xa- m-Ip∂p.- CXmWv-
C-kv-emw- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-
]-c-kv-]-c-ap-≈- _-\v-[-ß-fn¬- A-\o-Xn- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv- Ip-Spw-_- ssi-Yn-ey-߃
°pw- km-aq-ln-I- k-w-L¿-j-߃-°p-sa-√mw- Im-c-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv.- Cu- cw-K-sØ- Ckv-
em-an-I- \n¿-tZ-i-߃- \o-Xn-\n-jv-T-hpw- A-tXm-sSm-∏w- im-¥-kp-µ-c-hp-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-°v-
\n-an-Ø-am-Ip-∂-h-bm-Wv.- G-Xm-\pw- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-X-߃- Im-Wp-I-:-
""k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,- \n-߃- A-√m-lp-hn-\p-th-≠n- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂-h-sc-∂-
\n-eb - n¬- I-Wn-ia - m-bn- \o-Xn- \n-e\ - n¿-Øp-∂h - c
- m-bn-cn-°W- w.- A-Xv- \n-߃-°v- X-s∂tbm,-
\n-ßf - p-sS- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ-- A-Sp-Ø- _-\v[ - p-°ƒ- F-∂nh¿-t°m- {]-Xn-Iq-ea - m-bn-Øo¿∂m-
epw- i-cn.-- (I-£n)- [-\n-I-t\m,- Z-cn-{Z-t\m- B-I-s´,- B- c-≠-v hn-`m-K-tØm-Spw- Iq-Sp-X¬-
_-\v[ - s - ∏-´h- ≥- A-√m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- \n-߃- \o-Xn-]m-en-°m-sX- X-∂n-jvS- ßsf-
]n≥-]-‰-cp-Xv.- \n-߃- h-f-s®m-Sn-°p-I-tbm- H-gn-™p-am-dp-I-tbm- sN-øp-∂-]-£w- Xo¿-
®bmbpw- \n-߃- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-sb-√mw- kq-£v-a-am-bn- A-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Ip∂p-
A√mlp''- (hn.-Jq-- :- 4:-135)-.-
""k-Xy-hn-i-zm-kn-I-tf,- \n-߃- A-√m-lp-hn-\p-th-≠n- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-h-cpw,- \o-Xn-°v-
km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°p-I.- H-cp- P-\-X-tbm-Sp-≈- A-a¿-jw- \o-Xn- ]m-en-°mXn-
cn-°m≥- \n-߃-°v- t{]-c-I-am-I-cp-Xv.- \n-߃- \o-Xn- ]m-en-°p-I.- A-Xm-Wv- [¿-a-\n-jv-T
tbm-Sv- G-‰-hpw- A-Sp-Ø-Xv.- \n-߃- A-√m-lp-sh- kq-£n-°p-I.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- \n-߃-
{]h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-s®-√mw- A-√m-lp- kq-£v-a-am-bn- A-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p''-
(hn.Jp.5:-8)-.-
im-¥n-bp-sS-bpw- \o-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- a-X-am-b- C-kv-em-am-Wv- `o-I-c-hm-Z-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A{Ia-
Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Z¿-i-\-am-bn- sX-‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- im-¥n- A-t\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠v- I]S-
B-Xva - o-bX- I - f
- p-sS- B-eb - ß- ƒ- I-bd - n-bn-dß- p-∂h - ¿-°v- bYm¿-Y- im-¥n-bp-sS- ]m-X- ImWn-
®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-h-cm-Wv- {]-t_m-[-I∑m¿.- Cu- cw-K-Øv- Zn-im-t_m-[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- G-sd-
{]h¿-Ø-\-߃- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
tZho˛tZhk¶¬]w-
D¬]Ønbpw ]cnWmahpw
iZmwißfn¬ hyXykvXsa¶n
hn epw {]]©Øns≥d \nb{¥W
NpaXebp≈ iIvXnIsf°pdn
® hnizmkw Gsd°psd F√m aXßfn
epw ImWm≥ Ignbpw. skan‰nIv aXß
ƒ Cu iIvXnIsf hnfn°p∂Xv ae°pI
sf∂pw amemJ (Angels) amsc∂pamWv.
{Ko°pIm¿ Yntbmkv (Theos) F∂pw
tdma°m¿ sUbqkv (Deus) F∂pw t]¿
jy°m¿ bkvXms\ (Esthan)∂pw hnfn
°p∂Xv Cu iIvXnIsfØs∂bmWv.
ae°pIƒ°v GsX¶nepw cq]Ønep≈
ZnhyXzap≈Xmbn apkvenwIƒ hnizkn
°p∂n√. amemJamcn¬ {]apJ\mb ]cn
ip≤mXvamhv ssZhnI {XnXzØnse aq∂m
asØ BfXzambn´mWv ss{IkvXh¿
]cnKWn°p∂Xv. amemJam¿ ssZhØn
s≥d s]¨a°fmsW∂mbncp∂p a°m
apiv c n°- p IfpsS hnizmkw. {Ko°v ˛
tdma≥ ]pcmWßfnse Yntbmkpw sU
bqkpw kz¥amb AXoim[nImcßfpw
kzX{¥amb AkvXnXzhpap≈hcmWv.
kv-t\-l-Pm≥-
sslµh ]pcmWßfnse "tZh'
k¶¬]w skan‰nIv aXßfnse amemJ
amcnep≈ hnizmkhpambn XmXznI s]m
cpØw {]ISn∏n°p∂p≠v. ]t£, amem
Jam¿ ssZhI¬]\If\pkcn®v am{Xw
{]h¿Øn°m≥ hn[n°s∏´hcmsW∂
hnizmkhpambn s]mcpØs∏Sm≥ Bcy
tZh k¶¬]Øn\v Ignbp∂n√. thZ
]pcmWßfn¬ {]kvXmhn°p∂ tZh∑m
cn¬ ]e¿°pw kzX{¥amb \nb{¥Wm
[nImcßfpw ssIImcyI¿XrXzhpw
I¬]n°s∏Sp∂p≠v.
aXNcn{XsØ ]cnWma {]{Inbbp
sS `uXnI ho£WØneqsS am{Xw
t\m°n°≠ KthjI∑m¿ {]IrXn
{]Xn`mk ]qPbpw ]nXpcmcm[\bpamWv
Cu _lptZhXm k¶¬]Øn\v ASn
Ød ]mInbsX∂pw D]\njØpIfn¬
ImWp∂ GIXzhn`mh\ _lptZh
k¶¬]Øn¬\n∂pw DcpØncn™p
≠mbXmsW∂pw hmZn°p∂p. `mcXob
aXßfpsS aqew GIssZh hnizmkØn
7
emWv. Cu GIssZh hnizmktØmsSm
∏w `mcXØn¬h∂ {]hmNI∑m¿ {]
t_m[\w sNbvX ae°pIfnep≈ hn
izmkamWv ssZhk¶¬]Øns≥d ASn
Ødbmbn h¿Øn®sX∂pw kq£v a
hniIe\Øn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign
bpw. ae°pIsf Bcm[n®ncp∂ (Jp¿B
≥ 43:20) kaqlßsft]mse `mcXob
cpw tZhmcm[\bnte°v hgnsX‰nt∏mIp
∂Xns≥d Nn{XamWv EtKzZhpw a‰pw
\ap°v Xcp∂Xv.
tZhi_vZØns≥d D¬]Øn
XnfßpI F∂¿Ywhcp∂ "Znh'
i_vZØn¬\n∂mWv tZhi_vZØns≥d
D¬]Øn. {]Imin°p∂hs\∂mWv
tZhi_vZwsIm≠v hnh£n°p∂sX∂v
tUmIvS¿ cm[mIrjvW≥ Nq≠n°mWn
°p∂p≠v (Dr. Radha Krishnan: Indian Phi-
losophy Vol I, Page 52). {]Imiw sIm≠v
krjvSn°s∏´h≥ F∂ A¿YØnembn
cn°mw "tZh≥' F∂v hnfn°s∏´Xv.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
ae°pIƒ {]ImiØmemWv krjvSn°s∏´Xv F∂mWt√m
CkvemanI hnizmkw (kz-lolp apkvenw).
F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv Cu ]ZØn\pw A¿YhyXymkap≠m
bn. "a\pjy\v Zm\w \¬Ip∂h\mWv tZh≥' F∂mWv \ncp
IvXØn¬ \n¿hNn®ncn°p∂Xv. ""a‰v a\pjy¿°v Zm\w \¬
Ip∂ hnZzm\mb a\pjy\pw tZh≥ Xs∂bmWv (hnZzmw tkm
ln tZhx). krjvSn°v apgph\pw shfn®w \¬Ip∂Xn\m¬
kqcy≥, N{µ≥, A¥co£w F∂nhbpw tZh∑m¿Xs∂.
ANvO≥, AΩ, Kpcp°∑m¿ F∂nhcpw tZh∑mcmWv. (amXr
tZthm `hx ]nXrtZthm `hx BNmcytZthm `hx) F∂mWv
\ncpIvXw ]dbp∂Xv''- (Quoted by: Radha Krishnan: Indian Phi-
losophy Vol I Page 52).
kzX{¥ ssZhßf√
tZh∑m¿ HmtcmcpØscbpw kzX{¥∑mcpw Bcm[\-m¿
lcpambmWv thZßfpw ]pcmWßfpw a‰pw AhXcn∏n°p∂
Xv. F∂m¬, tZh∑msc√mhcpw Xs∂ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv GI
\mb ssZhØns≥d BPvR {]ImcamsW∂v hyIvXam°p∂
D]\njZv kqIvXßfp≠v. ssXØncntbm]\njØv ]dbp∂p:
""CXns\ `b∂n´mWv hmbp Nen°p∂Xv. CXns\ `b∂mWv
kqcy≥ DZn°p∂Xv. CXns\ `b∂n´pXs∂bmWv AKv\nbpw
C{µ\pw ]©a\mb arXyphpw AhcpsS I¿a߃ A\pjvTn
°p∂Xv'' (ssXØncn-tbm]\njØv 8:4).
C{µ≥, {_lvamhv, hnjvWp XpSßnb {][m\ tZh∑m
sc√mw ssZhkrjvSnIfmsW∂v D]\njØpIƒ (tizXmi
Xtcm]\njØv 4:12) hyIvXam°p∂p≠v. Ahsc ]cn]men°p
∂h\pw {_lvawXs∂bmWv. CXn¬\ns∂√mwXs∂ tZh∑m
sc√mwXs∂ GIssZhØns≥d krjvSnIfpw BPvRm\ph¿
ØnIfpamWv F∂pw Ah¿°v kzX{¥amb ssIImcyI¿Xr
Xzans√∂pw Xs∂bmWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
D¬`hImcW߃
tZhk¶¬]Øns≥d D¬]Øn ae°pIfnep≈ hnizm
kØnembncn°m\p≈ km[yX \mw a\ nem°n. GIssZh
hnizmkØn¬\n∂pw _lptZh k¶¬]Ønte°p≈
sslµhXbpsS ]cnWmaØn\v H∂ne[nIw ImcWßfp≠v.
Bcy˛Zkyp- kwL´\ßfmWv tZh k¶¬]Øns≥d
D¬]Øn°v \nZm \ambsX∂v k¶¬]n°p∂hcp≠v .
{]IrXn]qPbn¬\n∂mWv sslµh tZhk¶¬]w
cq]m¥cs∏´sX∂v hmZn°p∂hcp≠v . Zkyp- ° fpsS
hnizmkßfpw Bcy∑mcpsS hnizmkßfpwIqSn \S∂
k¶e\Øns≥d Dt]m¬]∂amWv tZh∑mcnep≈
BZn Bcy∑m¿°v tZh∑msc Bcm[n°p∂ ]Xnhp≠mbncp∂ns√∂pw
]n∂oSmWv hnhn[ tZho-˛tZh∑mscbpw hn{Klßsfbpw Bcm[n°p∂
k{ºZmbw DSseSpØsX∂pw {]apJ KthjI∑m¿
A`n{]mbs∏´n´p≠v.
8
hnizmksa∂ A`n{]mbhpw Nne¿°p≠v. Cu
A`n{]mbßfnse√mw bmYm¿YyØns≥d Awißfns√∂v
]d™pIqSm. ]t£, CXnse GsX¶nepw Hc`n{]mbØns≥d
am{Xw ]cn[nbn¬ HXpßn\n∂psIm≠v tZhhnizmkØns≥d
D¬]Ønsbbpw ]cnWmasØbpw hniZoIcn°pI km[y
a√. Chsb√mw Xs∂ Hcp hn[Ønes√¶n¬ as‰mcp hn[Øn
¬ tZhhnizmkØns≥d D¬]Øn°v \nZm\ambn´ps≠∂Xm
Wv hmkvXhw.
sslµh tZhk¶¬]Øns≥d D¬]Øn°v {][m\am
bpw aq∂v ImcWßfmWv \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
H∂v: D]\njØpIfpsS ASnkvYm\mibamb GIssZ
h hnizmktØmsSm∏w {]hmNI∑m¿ {]t_m[\w sNbvX
amemJamcnep≈ hnizmkw ]cnWan®v a\pjycq]Ønte°v
hcnIbpw AhcpsS iIvXnIƒ°v a\pjycq]w \¬In hnIrX
am°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp.
c≠v: kaqlØn¬ BZcn°s∏´ncp∂ BfpIƒ acW
tijw Bcm[n°s∏SpIbpw tZh∑mcmbn hyhlcn°s∏Sp
Ibpw sNbvXp.
aq∂v:- - {]IrXn {]Xn`mkßfpw a\ptjyXcamb AtNX
\ßfpw ktNX\ßfmb hkvXp°fpw AhtbmSp≈ `bw
sImt≠m Ahbn¬\n∂v e`n°p∂ D]ImcwsImt≠m tZh
∑mcmbn hyhlcn°s∏´p.
thZßfn¬ {][m\s∏´ EtKzZ{]Imcw `qan, A¥co
£w, kz¿Kw F∂nhbn¬ BsI ap∏Ønaq∂v tZh∑mcmWp
≈Xv. C{µ≥, hmbp, AKv\n, tkma≥, Dj v, c≠v Aizn\n
am¿, cp{Z≥, {]Pm]Xn, ]q¿jmhv, ba≥, Bcyamhv, acpØp
°ƒ, _rlkv]Xn, kckzXn, AZnXn, BZnXy∑m¿, E`p°ƒ,
CfXzmjvSmhv, sshizm\c≥, khnXmhv, hcpWm\n, C{µmWn,
AKvt\bnhkvXp°ƒ, `mcXn, amXcnizmhv, \mkXy∑m¿
F∂nhcmWh¿. Chcn¬ Nne¿ tZhXIfmWv. Cu tZh∑mcn
¬ Bsc√mw apIfn¬ ]d™ aq∂v hn`mKßfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p
sh∂v IrXyambn IW°m°pI hø. Nne tZh∑msc k¶¬
]n°p∂Xn\v apIfn¬ ]d™ H∂ntesd ImcW߃ kzm[o
\w sNepØnbXmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
BZn Bcy∑m¿°v tZh∑msc Bcm[n°p∂ ]Xnhp≠m
bncp∂ns√∂pw ]n∂oSmWv hnhn[ tZho-˛tZh∑mscbpw
hn{Klßsfbpw Bcm[n°p∂ k{ºZmbw DSseSpØsX
∂pw {]apJ KthjI∑m¿ A`n{]mbs∏´n´p≠v. hnizhnPvRm
\tImiw FgpXp∂p: ""AY¿hthZØns≥d Imeambt∏m
tg°pw Bcw`Øn¬ hn{Klmcm[\ ioen®n´n√mbncp∂
Bcy≥ P\X a{¥hmZØnepw ]eXcw tZhotZh∑msc
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
Bcm[n°p∂Xnepw X¬]ccmbn°gn™ncp∂p'' (hnizhn
PvRm\tImiw hmfw 2, t]Pv 281).
{Xnaq¿ØnIƒ
{_lvamhv, hnjvWp, inh≥ F∂nßs\ aq∂v aq¿ØnI
fnembn \ncmImc \n¿KpW{_lvaw kvYnXnsNøp∂psh∂m
Wv sslµh hnizmkw. {_lvamhv krjvSnbpsSbpw hnjvWp
kvYnXnbpsSbpw inh≥ kwlmcØns≥dbpw tZh∑mcmWv.
Cu {Xnaq¿Øn k¶¬]Øns≥d thcpIƒ ssZhnI aXØn
se amemJm k¶¬]Ønembncn°m≥ km[yXbp≠v. ]t£,
Chbv-°pw a\pjy hyIvXnIfpsS- iIvXnbpw kz`mhßf-pw
k¶¬]n®Xn\m¬ Gsd hnNn{Xamb Hcp Nn{XamWv \ap°n
∂v Ahsb°pdn®v e`n°p∂Xv.
]pcmWßfnemWv Cu aq∂v tZh∑mcpw {_lvaØns≥d
aq∂v aq¿ØnIfmsW∂ Bibw sXfn™pImWp∂Xv. hmbp
]pcmWw ]dbp∂p: "{_lvamhv NcmNcßsf krjvSn°p∂p.
Ime\hsb kwlcn°p∂p. ]pcpj≥ Chsbsb√mw hyXy
kvXßfmbn \ne\n¿Øp∂p. Ch aq∂pw {]Pm]XnbpsS aq∂v
L´ßfs{X'' (Quoted by S.R. Goyal: A Religious History of
Ancient India, Vol: II, Page 75).
D]\njØpIƒ Cu aq∂v tZh∑msc°pdn®pw {]Xn]mZn
°p∂ps≠¶nepw Ah H∂nt\msSm∂v _\v[s∏´psIm≠m
sWt∂m GIssZhØns≥d aq∂v aq¿ØnIfmsWt∂m hyIv
Xam°p∂n√. krjvSnbpsS aq¿Ønsb∂v hnizkn°s∏Sp∂
{_lvamhns\ Hcp temI]meI≥ am{Xambn´mWv ]camXvam
hv krjvSn®sX∂v sFXtctbm]\njØv hyIvXam°p∂Xv
t\m°pI:
Cu£tX ta\ptemIm temIm ]mem∂p krPm CXn
tkmf Z`y Gh ]pcpjw kapZv [rXym aq¿ObXv
(sFXtctbm]\njØv 1:1˛3).
(C{]Imcw kIe temIßsfbpw krjvSn®Xn\ptijw
]camXvamhv C{]Imcw hnNmcn®p "temIßsf√mw krjvSn®p.
C\n temIßsf kwc£n°p∂ temI]meI∑mscbpw
Xo¿®bmbpw krjvSn°Ww'-. C{]Imcw Nn¥n®n´v At±lw
PeØn¬\n∂pw lncWyK¿`cq]nbmb ]pcpjs\ kap≤cn®v
AXns\ k¿hmwKbpIvX\m°n aq¿Øcq]w sImSpØp).
CXn¬ ]pcpj≥ F∂v {]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv H∂maXmbn
krjv S n®ncn°p∂ {_lv a mhns\°pdn®msW∂v Xs≥d
`mh{]Imiw F∂ D]\njXv hymJym\Øn¬ sI. `mkvIc≥
\mb¿ (D]\njXv Zo]vXn, hmfw 2, t]Pv 87) hyIvXam°p
∂p≠v.
D]\njØpIfn¬ Nneh, CXnse Nne {]tXyI tZh
D]\njØpIfn¬ Nneh, CXnse Nne {]tXyI tZh∑mcpsS
D]mkI∑mcpsS kzm[o\Øn\v hnt[bambn´ps≠∂v a\ nem°m≥
Ignbpw. Nne D]\njØpIƒ inhs\ kIe tZh∑mcnepw D∂X\mbn
hmgvØptºmƒ a‰pNneh hnjvWphns\bmWv hmgvØp∂Xv.
9
∑mcpsS D]mkI∑mcpsS kzm[o\Øn\v hnt[bambn´ps≠
∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbpw. Nne D]\njØpIƒ inhs\
kIe tZh∑mcnepw D∂X\mbn hmgvØptºmƒ a‰pNneh
hnjvWphns\bmWv hmgvØp∂Xv. ]pcmW߃ ]dbp∂
krjvSn kvYnXn kwlmcØns≥d tZh{Iaw D]\njØpIfn
¬ Im¨am\n√. {_lvamhmWv krjvSn°p-∂-sX∂ ]pcmW
k¶¬]Øn\v hncp≤ambn ""kakvX {]mWnIsfbpw krjv
Sn°p∂Xv hnjvWphmsW'' (hnjvWp¿ hnizPKtZym\nx˛
ict`m]\njØv 22) ∂mWv ict`m]\njØv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.
F∂m¬ CtX D]\njØpXs∂ inh≥ am{XamWv \nXy
s\-∂pw hnjvWphpw {_lvamhpw a‰v tZh∑mcpsa√mw anYyI
fmbXn\m¬ XyPn°s∏tS≠XmsW∂pw ]Tn∏n°p∂p≠v.
GI Gh inthm \nXykvXtXm f \ykvXIew arjm
XkvamXv k¿hm\p ]cnXPyt[ybm≥ hnjvWzmZnIm≥
kpcm≥ inh Gh kZmt[ybxk¿h kwkmc tamNIx
Xkvssa alm{Kmkmb atlizcmb \ax
(ict`m]\njØv 31)
(Htcsbmcp inh≥Xs∂bmWv \nXy\mbn´p≈Xv. a‰p≈
sX√mw anYybmWv. AXpsIm≠mWv hnjvWp apXemb
kakvX tZh∑mscbpw XyPn®v k¿hkwkmc_\v[ßfn¬
\n∂pw tamNn∏n°p∂ GIam{Xamb At±lsØ [ym\nt°
≠Xv. k¿hkwlmcI¿Ømhmb B atlizc\mbns°m≠v
\akvImcw).
CXn\v t\sc hn]coXambn {Xn]mZzn`qXn alm\mcmb
tWm]\njØn¬ hnjvWphns\ D∂X\pw inh≥t]mepw
At\zjn°p∂h\pamb tZh\pambn k¶¬]n®ncn°p∂Xv
ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ""Aßv (hnjvWp)Xs∂bmWv k¿hPvR
\pw k¿-hkzcq]\pw k¿thizc\pw k¿hØn\-pw A[njvT
ambn´p≈h\pw k¿hiIvXnbpw k¿h{]h¿ØI\pw k¿h
tcbpw ]cn]men°p∂h\pw k¿h \nh¿ØI\pw kZkmXva
I\pw kZkzne£W\pw A¥¿_ln¿hym]nbpw kq£vaX
c\pw AXnaltXm alnbm\pw k¿hØns≥dbpw APvRm\
\nh¿ØI\pw hnZymhnlmcnbpw hnZym[mcI\pw hnZymth
Zy\pw hnZymkzcq]\pw hnZymXoX\pw k¿hImcW߃°pw
tlXp`qX\pw k¿hImcW kajvSn bpw k¿hImcW
hyjv S nbpw AJ Wv U m\µ\pw ]cn]q¿Wm\µ\pw
\ncXnibm\µ\pw XpcobXpcob\pw XpcobmXoX\pw
A\¥ßfmb D] \njØp°fm¬ At\zjn°s∏Sp
∂h\pw kIe imkv{Xßfm¬ At\zjn°s∏Sp∂h\pw
{_lv a mhv , inh≥, C{µ≥ XpSßnb tZh∑mcmepw
A\ytZh∑mcmepw At\zjn°s∏Sp∂h\pw AarXab\pw
k¿hhpw. AßpXs∂bmWv tam£hpw tam £km[\hpw''
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
({Xn]mZzn`qXn alm\mcmbtWm]\njØv 1:1˛7).
Cu sshcp[-yap≠mbXv ssih˛sshjvWh kwL´\
Øn¬\n∂msW∂v hyIvXamWv. sshjvWh∑m¿ XßfpsS
tZh\mb hnjvWphns\ k¿hiIvX\mbn {]XnjvTn®t∏mƒ
ssih∑m¿ XßfpsS tZh\mb inhs\ hnjvWphns≥d t]m
epw tZh\mbn AhXcn∏n®p. Cu kwL´\Øns≥d kzm[o
\w Ztim]\njØpIsfmgn®v _m°n Hcphn[sa√m D]\nj
ØpIfnepw ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Chbn¬\n∂v \ap°v a\ nem
°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv, hnjvWphpw {_lvamhpw inh\pw Hscm‰
ssZhØns≥d aq∂v aq¿ØnIfmsW∂mbncp∂n√, {]XypX
aq∂v temI]meI∑m¿ am{XamsW∂mbncp∂p BZyIme
sslµh- hnizmksa∂mWv.
ssih˛sshjvWh kwL´\Øns≥d kzm[o\w D]\n
jØpIfnse Cu tZh∑msc°pdn® hniZoIcWßfn¬
am{Xa√ D≈Xv. Ahsc {Xnaq¿ØnIfmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂
]pcmW߃Xs∂, Ch¿ aq∂pt]cpw hnjvWphns≥d aq∂v
cq]ßfmsW∂pw, AX√ inhs≥d aq∂v cq]ßfmsW∂pw
]d™v X¿°n°p∂Xmbn ImWmw. ""sshjvWh aXw Cu
aq∂v aq¿ØnIfpsSbpw ]n∂nep≈ GIiIvXn hnjvWphm
sW∂v AhImis∏Sptºmƒ ssih ]pcmWßfpw Xm{¥nI
{K\vYßfpw Cu KpWßsf√mw inh\pw imIvX]pcmW߃
iIvXn°pw tZhn°pamWv Btcm]n°p∂Xv'' (Tiwari-Arya
Ramachandra G. Evolution of Brahmanical Paantheon. Quoted by
S.R. Goyal: A religious History of Ancient India. Vol. II, P.76).
Cu aq¿ØnIfn¬ HmtcmcpØscbpw ]pIgvØn∏-pIgv
Øn hfsc hnIehpw hnNn{Xhpamb Hcp k¶¬]amWv ]pcm
W߃ \ap°pap∂n¬ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.
{_lvamhv
{]]©Øns≥d apgph≥ {kjvSmhmb {_lvamhv P\n
®Xv almhnjvWphns≥d \m`nbn¬\n∂pb¿∂ph∂ Xmacbn
¬\n∂mWv . At\Iw h¿jßfpsS ITn\ X] n\v
tijamWv {_lvam hv k]vX¿jnIsfbpw {]Pm]XnIsf
bpw krjvSn°p∂Xv. Ahcn¬\n∂m Wv a‰v
PohPmeßfp≠mbXv . kz ¥w icocØns≥d A¿[-
`mKwsIm ≠v krjvSn® iXcq]bmWv {_lv amhns≥d `mcy.
Xs≥d `mcy sb apJw Xncn°msX GXv `mKØp\n∂pw
ImWp∂Xn\mbn XebpsS ]m¿izßfne-pw ]pdInepw Hmtcm
apJ߃ IqSn krjvT-n®v NXp¿apJ\mbn amdn. iXcq]
BImiØn¬IqSn k©cn®t∏mƒ apIfn¬ Hcp apJwIqSn
krjv S n®p. ]pcmWß ƒ {_lv a mhns≥d `mcybmbn
kckzXnsb IqSn AhXcn∏n °p∂p. kckzXnbpw
Cu aq¿ØnIfn¬ HmtcmcpØscbpw ]pIgvØn∏-pIgvØn hfsc
hnIehpw hnNn{Xhpamb Hcp k¶¬]amWv ]pcmW߃
\ap°pap∂n¬ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.
10
iXcq]bpw HcmfmtWm, AX√ hyXy kvX
hyIvXnIfmtWmsb∂ ImcyØn¬ ]pcmW߃ XΩn¬
A`n{]mbhyXymkap≠v.
Hcn°¬ hnjvWphpw {_lvamhpw Xß-fn¬ B¿°mWv
alXzw IqSpXse∂ ImcyØn¬ X¿°ap≠mbn. inh≥ a≤y
kvYØns\Øn. inhs≥d \n¿tZi{]Imcw {_lvamhv inh
enwKØns≥d apIƒ`mKw ImWm\mbn apIfnte°pw hnjv
Wp inhenwKØns≥d ASn`mKw ImWm\mbn Iotgm´pw AXn
Zqcw k©cn®p. hnjvWp Xs≥d ]cmPbw kΩXn®p. ssIX
∏qhns\ km£nbm°n, Xm≥ Pbn®Xmbn {_lvamhv kzbw
{]Jym]n®p. X¬£Ww AhnsS {]Xy£s∏´ inh≥, I≈w
]d™ {_lvamhns≥d A©masØ Xe\p≈n°f™p
sh∂mWv tZho`mKhXw ]dbp∂Xv. tImSn°W°n\v h¿j
߃°ptijw {_lvamhv almhnjvWphn¬ ebn°psa∂pw
]n∂oSv At\Iw {_lvamhpIƒ hnjvWphn¬\n∂v D≠mbn
hnjvWphn¬ hn-ebw {]m]n°psa∂pw `mKhXw ]dbp∂p≠v.
hnjvWp
PohnXØns≥d A[n\mbI\mb hn-jvWp, ]m¬°Sen
¬ A\¥ibØn¬ tbmK\n{Z sNøpIbmWv. e£vanbpw
`qanbpamWv ]Xv\nam¿. KcpV\mWv hnjvWphns≥d hml\w.
A[¿asØ kwlcn°phm\pw [¿aw kvYm]n°phm\pw bpKß
ƒtXmdpw hnjvWp AhXcn°psa∂mWv sslµh hnizmkw.
Hcn°¬ Ejnam¿ IqSnbncp∂v {XnaqØnIfn¬ BcmWv
]qPm¿ls\∂v kwhZn®p. `rKpal¿jnsb C°mcyw ]co£n
°m≥th≠n \nivNbn®p. inh\pw {_lvamhpw `rKphns\
AhKWn®t∏mƒ At±lw Ahsc i]n®p. ]n∂oSv tbmK\n
{Zbn¬ kvYnXnsNøp∂ hnjvWphn\SpØmWv sN∂Xv. tIm
]n®v `rKpal¿jn hnjvWphns≥d s\©n¬ Nhn´n. hnjvWp
DW¿∂v Kpcphns≥d ImepXShn t£aat\zjn®p. hnjvWp
Xs∂bmWv ]qPm¿ls\∂v ap\nam¿ \nivNbn®p. `rKphns≥d
Nhn´psIm≠ ]mSmWs{X hnjvWphns≥d s\©nse {ioh¬
kw. hnjvWphns\ GIssZhambn hnizkn°p∂hcmWv
sshjvWh∑m¿.
inh≥
kwlmcaq¿Ønbmb inhs≥d P\\sØ°pdn®v hyXy
kvXm`n{]mbßfp≠v. AXn¬ G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ A`n
{]mbw hnjvWp ]pcmWßfnteXmsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂p.
{_lvamhns\ h[n°p∂Xn\pth≠n a[p, ssIS`≥ F∂o
c≠kpc∑m¿ ]ms™Øn. Cu A{Iaw I≠v tIm]njvT\mb
almhnjvWphns≥d s\‰nbn¬\n∂pw inh≥ iqe]mWnbm
bn P\n®p. inhs≥d s\‰nØSØnse k¿hZmlIamb aq
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
∂mw IÆv AS™ncn°p∂p. `kvaw taemsI ]qipIbpw k
¿∏sØ amebmbn kzoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]cainh≥ th
Zßfn¬ cp{Zs\∂ t]cnemIp∂p Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv.
inh\pw hnjvWphpw XΩn¬ ]et∏mgpw A`n{]mbhy
Xymkßfp≠mbn´ps≠¶nepw A]q¿hamtb kwL´\ßfp
≠mbn´p≈q. Ahbn¬ {][m\s∏´ c≠v kwL´\ßsfIp
dn®v]pcmW߃ hnhcn°p∂p≠v. Ahbn¬ HscÆw inh\pw
hnjvWphpw t\cn´mWv \S∂sX¶n¬ at‰Xv inh\pw hnjvWp
AhXmcamb \mcmbW¿jnbpw XΩnemWv \S∂Xv. AXn¬
inh\pw hnjvWphpw XΩn¬ \S∂ kwL´\Øns≥d hnhc
WØn¬\n∂v ]cnip≤cmb amemJam¿°v am\pjnIcq]w
I¬]n°s∏´t∏mƒ F{Xam{Xw hnIrXamb k¶¬]ßfm
Wp≠mbsX∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbpw.
inht\m hnjvWphnt\m B¿°mWv _e°qSpXse∂v
]cntim[n°m≥ tZhXIƒ Xocpam\n®p. XßfpsS Xocpam\
sØ°pdn®v Ah¿ {_lvamhns\ Adnbn®p. {_lvamhv Gj
WnIƒ ]d™v inhs\bpw hnjvWphns\bpw XΩn¬ ]nW
°n. Ah¿ XΩn¬ bp≤w XpSßn. {_lvamhv c≠pt]¿°pw
hn√p≠m°ns°mSpØv kwL´\sØ t{]mXvkmln∏n®psIm
≠ncp∂p. {]kvXpX bp≤Øn¬ Ahkm\w ]cainh≥ ]cmP
bs∏´psh∂mWv ]pcmW߃ ]dbp∂Xv.
{Xnaq¿ØnIƒ°pw \miap≠v. Bbncw NXp¿bpKw IqSp
∂XmWv {_lvamhns≥d Hcp Znhkw. {_lvamhns≥d Bbp
jvImeØv ]Xn\mev C{µ∑m¿ kz¿KØn¬\n∂v hoWv acn®p
t]mIpw. Cßs\ c≠v {_lvambp v IqSnbXmWv hnjvWp
hns≥d BbpjvImew. hnjvWphns≥d Bbp ns≥d Cc´n
bmWv inhmbp v (tZho`mKhXw: ]©akvI\v[w). Ct∏mg
sØ {_lvamhv \in®m¬ ]pXnb {_lvamhv P\n°pw. Ct∏m
gsØ {_lvamhns≥d ImeØv ]Xn\mev a\z¥cßfmWp
≈Xv. Hmtcm a\z¥cØnepw C{µ\pw tZh∑mcpw thsdthsd
bmWv. C\nbpw Ggv a\z¥c߃ IqSn Ignbptºmƒ Ct∏m
gsØ {_lvamhv \in°pIbpw ]pXnb {_lvamhv P\n°p
Ibpw sNøpw (hnjvWp]pcmWw. AwKw 2, A[ymbw 1).
EtKzZØnse {][m\nbmb Hcp tZh\mWv C{µ≥.
tZh∑mcpsS A[n]\mb C{µ≥, Iiy]\v AZnXnbn¬ P\n®
]p{X\mWv. AjvSZnIv]meIcn¬ {][m\nbmWv C{µs\∂v
EtKzZw ]dbp∂p. tZth{µ kt¶Xamb AacmhXn k¿h
sFizcyßfpsSbpw Ccn∏nSamWv. C{µ\v Ip¥nbn¬ P\n®
]p{X\mWv A¿Pp\s\∂v ]pcmW߃ ]dbp∂p.
KuXas≥d ]Xv\nbmb Aleysb {]m]n®t∏mƒ KuXa≥
C{µs\ i]n®p. Aßs\ tZth{µ≥ kl{kenwK\mbn. im
]tam£w e`n®t∏mƒ kl{km£\pambn. C{µs\ agbpsS
{_lvamhv GjWnIƒ ]d™v inhs\bpw hnjvWphns\bpw XΩn¬
]nW°n. Ah¿ XΩn¬ bp≤w XpSßn. {_lvamhv c≠pt]¿°pw
hn√p≠m°ns°mSpØv kwL´\sØ t{]mXvkmln∏n®psIm≠ncp∂p.
{]kvXpX bp≤Øn¬ Ahkm\w ]cainh≥ ]cmPbs∏´psh∂mWv
]pcmW߃ ]dbp∂Xv.
11
tZh\mbpw k¶¬]n°p∂p.
DØacmbn IcpXs∏´ncp∂ hyIvXnIfpsS hntbmKØn
\v tijw Ah¿ tZhkvYm\Øv Ahtcm[n°s∏´Xn\p≈
hyIvXamsbmcp DZmlcWamWv tZth{µ≥. EtKzZ kqIvXß
ƒ kq£vaambn ]cntim[n®m¬ C{µ≥ Hcp BcycmPmhmbn
cp∂psh∂v t_m[ys∏Spw. C{µ≥ F∂ ]ZØns≥d D¬]
Øn "C≥', "{Z' F∂o A£cßfpsS ka\zbØn¬\n∂m
sW∂mWv ]WvUnXm`n{]mbw. _m_ntemWnb≥ `mjbn¬
"C≥' F∂ ]ZØns≥d A¿Yw tbm≤mhv F∂pw "{Z' F∂
]ZØns≥d A¿Yw apJyw F∂pamWv. CXn¬\n∂pw C{µ≥
F∂XpsIm≠p≈ hnh£ apJytbm≤msh∂msW∂v hyIv
XamIp∂p.
thZßfnse tZhmkpc kwL´\߃°p]n∂n¬ C¥y
bnse BZnhmknIfmb Zkyp°fpw IpSntbdnh∂ Bcy
∑mcpw XΩnep≈ kwL´\ßfmsW∂mWv {]KXv` ]WvUn
X∑mcmb Un.Un. sImkmw_n, sI. ZmtamZc≥, cmlp¬ kmw
IrXymb≥ F∂nhcpsS A`n{]mbw (D.D. Kosambi: Myth and
Reality, sI. ZmtamZc≥˛C¥ybpsS BXvamhv, cmlp¬ kmwIr
Xybm≥˛kmaqlytcJ. Ch t\m°pI). tZh∑mcmbn Ah
tcm[n°s∏´ ]pWymXvam°fn¬ ]ecpw BcyZkyp kwL
´\ßfnse Bcy`mKØp\n∂p≈ tPXm°fmbncp∂psh∂v
ImWm≥ Ignbpw. t\scadn®v Cu kwL´\Ønse Zkypt\
Xm°∑mscsb√mw Akpc∑mcmbn k¶¬]n®Xmbpw \ap°v
a\ nem°m\mIpw.
EtKzZØnse kqIvXßfn¬ ]eXpw C{µs\∂ cmPmhn
s\ kvXpXn®psIm≠pw At±lØns≥d sNbvXnIsf ]pIgv
Øns°m≠pap≈XmWv. B{inX¿°pth≠n bp≤w sNøm≥
k∂≤\mbXmWv C{µ\v C{Xtbsd {]m_eyw e`n°m\p≈
ImcWsa∂v k¿Zm¿ sI.Fw. ]Wn°¿ Nq≠n°m´p∂p≠v
(k¿Zm¿ sI.Fw. ]Wn°¿ h≈tØmfns≥d EtKzZkwlnX
BapJw t]Pv 16).
EtKzZØnse C{µs\°pdn® Nne kqIv X ߃
t\m°pI: ""B¿ Cu `ph\ßsf hogmXm°ntbm, B¿
apSnbm∑msc Ipgnbn¬ aqSntbm, e£ysØ sh√p∂h\mb
B¿ i{Xphns≥d kar≤nsb
Hcp thSs\∂t]mse ssI°em°ntbm, BfpItf At±
lamWv C{µ≥''. ""B¿ kº∂\pw B¿ Zcn{Z\pw, B¿ bmNn
®v kvXpXn°p∂ {_lvaPvR\pw [\w Ab®psImSp°p∂p
thm; AgsImØ inc p≈ B¿ tkmaw AΩn°pgsIm≠v
NX®p]ngn™hs\ c£n®cpfptam, BfpItf At±lamWv
C{µ≥''. ""BfpIƒ Bsc°qSmsX Pbw t\Sn√tbm; s]mcpXp
∂h¿ c£bv°v Bsc hnfn°p∂pthm; k¿htemIØn\pw
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
{]Xn\n[n Btcm; B¿ hngmØhtbbpw hognbv°ptam; Bfp
Itf At±lamWv C{µ≥''. ""X∂Øm\dnbmØ hfsc alm
]m]nIsf B¿ h{PwsIm≠v h[n®pthm, B¿ lp-¶pImc\v
DØa[¿aw sImSp°n√tbm; B¿ apSnbs\ apSn°ptam, Bfp
Itf At±lamWv C{µ≥''. ""B¿ aeIfnsemfn® iw_cs\
\m¬]Xmw kwhXvkcØn¬ I≠p]nSn®pthm; sI¬s∏Sp
Øp s]mcpXnb BZm\hs\ B¿ sIm∂p hogvØntbm; Bfp
Itf At±lamWv C{µ≥''. ""h\qgnIƒ Bsc hWßp∂p
thm; ]¿hX߃ BcpsS _esØ t]Sn°p∂pthm, tkma
]m\pw Zr-VKm{X\pw h{PXpey_mlphpw h{P]mWnbpw B
tcm, BfpItf At±lamWv C{µ≥'' (EtKzZw: aWvUew 2,
kqIvXw 12¬\n∂v).
C{µt\mSp≈ EtKzZØnse {]m¿Y\Ifpw At±lw Hcp
tk\m\nbmbncp∂psh∂mWv hyIvXam°p∂Xv. ""_p≤nbn
√mØ ZpjvS∑mcmb Zkyp°ƒ Np‰p]mSpIfn¬\n∂pw Rß
sf hf™ncn°p∂p. Ah¿ a\pjyXzan√mØhcmWv. sX‰m
b \nba߃ sh®p]pe¿Øp∂hcmWv. A√tbm i{Xpkw
lmcI! Zmks≥d Bbp[ßsf CSn®v XI¿°pI'' (EtKzZw
10:22:8). ""apt∂dpI, i{Xpsh t\cnSpI, ss[cyimenbmbn
cn°pI, \ns≥d CSnsh´v APøamWv. C{µ]ucpjamWv \n
s≥d _ew. arXs\ B´ntbmSn°pI. \ZnIfpsS ta¬ B[n
]Xyw t\SpI! kzcmPyw D¬tLmjn°pI'' (EtKzZw 1: 80,3,4).
C{µ≥ aZy]m\nbmbncp∂p. "tkmaw' F∂ aZyØns≥d
ASnabmbncp∂p. At±lw tkmaØns≥d aØn¬ `-rXy-s\
h[n®psh∂v EtKzZØn¬ ImWmw (EtKzZw 2:15:4). BIm
iØn¬ tZymhns\ Dd∏n®Xpw `qansb Xm≠n hnkvXrXam°n
bXpw \ZnIfpsS ASnhißsf h{PwsIm≠v s]mfn®Xpw
alm\Znbnse sh≈w Npcp°nbXpw kn\v[phns\ hSt°m
s´mgpIn®Xpw Dj ns≥d h≠n
XhnSps]mSnbm°nbXpsa√mw tkma ckØns≥d aØn¬
C{µ≥ sNbvX {]hrØnIfmsW∂vv EtKzZw c≠mw aWvUew
]Xn\©mw kqIvXØn¬ ]dbp∂p≠v. ip¢bPp¿thZob
iX ]Y {_mlv a Ww ]dbp∂Xv t\m °pI: "C{µ≥
Xzjv S mhns≥d Iøn¬\n∂v tkmasØ ]nSn®p]dn™p
IpSn®p. CXns≥d elcn C{µs≥d tZlw apgph≥ hym]n®p.
IÆpIfn¬\n∂v tXP v aßn. \mknIIƒ hgnbmbn hocyw
tNm¿∂pt]mbn. apJØn¬\n∂v iIv X n Akv X an®p.
sNhnIƒ°p≈ tIƒhn \in®p. ip¢w {khn®p. Aßs\
C{µ≥ Xs≥d i{Xphmb \apNntbmSpIqSn k©cn®p (ip¢
bPp¿thZob iX]Y {_m lvaWw 7:3:2:1˛3. XncphßmSv
IrjvW°pdp∏v D≤cn®Xv. C¥y bnse h¿Wkacw ]pdw
:66).
C{µ≥ hnjbeºS\mbncp∂psh∂mWv ]pcmW IYI
C{µ≥ {Iqc\mbncp∂p. kz¥w ]nXmhns\ Im¬ hen®p XdbneSn®p
sIm∂bmfmWt±lw (EtKzZw 4:18:12). C{µs≥d BfpItfmSv At±lw
I¬]n°p∂XvXs∂ apJØn\v bmsXmcp hm´hpan√msX {IqcXIƒ
sNøphm\mWv.
12
ƒ hyIvXam°p∂Xv. KuXa]Xv\nbmb Aleysb tZth{µ
≥ {]m]n® IY «oeXbpsS AXncpIsfsb√mw AXnewLn
®psIm≠v ]pcmW߃ hnhcn°p∂p≠v. KuXa al¿jnbp
sS Xt]m\njvT I≠v {]oXns∏´ {_lvamhv At±lØn\v
temIkpµcnbmb Aleysb \¬In. Ahfpw ap\nbpw kk
t¥mjw Pohn®psIm≠ncns° tZth{µ\v Aleybn¬ tam
lw P\n®p. KuXa≥ ]pdØpt]mb X°w t\m°n KuXa
s≥d cq]w ]q≠v B{iaØn¬ IS∂ tZth{µt\msSm∏w X
s≥d `¿ØmhmsW∂v IcpXn Aley ibn®p. At±lw ]pd
Øpt]mIp∂Xn\v apºv km£m¬ KuXaap\n B{iaØn¬
Xncns®Øn. Xs≥d thjØn¬ h∂v Aleysb {]m]n®
tZh∑mcpsS cmPmhns\ KuXaap\n i]n®p; "kl{ktbm\o
izc\mhs´!'. C{µ≥ XmWphoWv tIWt]£n®Xns≥d ASn
kvYm\Øn¬, im]w aqew icocØnep≠mb Bbncw tbm\n
Isfbpw KuXa≥ \b\ßfm°n am‰n. Aßs\ C{µ≥ kl
{k\b\mbn amdn (D≤cn®Xv tPm¨k¨ sFcqcv: `IvXnbpw
Imahpw t]Pv 183˛184).
{_lvamhns≥d ]p{Xnbmb hm\ckpµcnsb I≠ am{X
bn¬ tZth{µ≥ hnImchm\mhpIbpw ip¢{kmhap≠mhpI
bpw AXv hm\ckpµcnbpsS hmeneqsS HgpIn _mensb∂
_ehm\mb hm\c≥ P\n®Xmbp≈ IYIfpw ]pcmWßfn
ep≠v.
C{µ≥ {Iqc\mbncp∂p. kz¥w ]nXmhns\ Im¬ hen®p
XdbneSn®p sIm∂bmfmWt±lw (EtKzZw 4:18:12). C{µs≥d
BfpItfmSv At±lw I¬]n°p∂Xv Xs∂ apJØn\v
bmsXmcp hm´hpan√msX {IqcXIƒ sNøphm\mWv. C{µ≥
{]-X¿Z\ssZthmZmkntbmSv ]dbp∂Xmbn IujoXIo
{_mlvatWm]\njØv D≤cn°p∂Xv t\m°pI: ""tl {]X¿
ZvZ\! Aßv Fs∂ a\ nem°nbmepw. am\hPmXn°v Fs∂
\√Xpt]mse a\ nem°pIsb∂XmWv IeymWIcambn
´p≈Xv. {]Pm]XnbpsS ]p{X\mb {Xninc ns\ Rm≥ h{Pm
bp[Øm¬ h[n®p. B{itamNnXamb ANncWßfn¬\n
∂pw {`jvScmb At\Iw k\ymknamsc AwK`wKw hcpØn
Ipdp\cnIƒs°dn™psImSpØp. At\Iw
kXyewL\߃ sNbvXv {]ÀmZs≥d ]cnNmcI∑mscbpw
]utemas≥d A\pNc∑mscbpw ImeImiy∑m¿ F∂v t]
cmb ssZXy∑mscbpw Rm≥ sIm∂p. C{Xbpsams°bmbn´pw
Fs≥d Hcp tcmaØn\pt]mepw £oWw kw`hn®n´n√. C∆n[
Øn¬ Fs∂ Adnbp∂h≥ F¥pXs∂ sNbvXmepw Ah\v
bmsXmcp i¶bpap≠mhpIbn√. Ah≥ kz¥w ANvOs\
sIm∂mepw AΩsb sIm∂mepw {`qWlXy sNbvXmepw
Ih¿® sNbvXmepw as‰¥v ]m]߃ sNbvXmepw Ahs≥d
tim` aßpIbn√'' (IujoXIo {_mlvatWm]\njØv 3:1).
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
C{µs\°pdn® kqIvXßfn¬\n∂v BcykaqlØn
s≥d kZmNmc t_m[sØ°pdn® hyIvXamb Hcp Nn{Xw
\ap°v e`n°p∂p. aZyhpw aZncm£nbpw AhcpsS Bthiam
bncp∂p. AXn√mØ PohnXw Ah¿°v Aklyambncp∂Xn
\memWt√m ssZhßfn¬t]mepw Ah Btcm]n°p∂Xv.
A[nImcØn\pth≠n F¥v {IqcXbpw sNøm≥ aSn°mØh
cmbncp∂p Ah¿. kz¥w ANvOs\bpw AΩsbbpw sIm∂m
epw A[nImcw ]nSn®S°Wsa∂ Nn¥bp≠mbncp∂ C{µ
s≥d A\pbmbnIƒ k]vXkn\v[phnse BZnhmknItfmSv
Fs¥√mw {IqcXIƒ sNbvXncn°n√!
CsX√mw C{µ≥ F∂ k\mX\ kwc£I\mb tZh
s≥d hrØnIfmtWm; AX√ GXv am¿Khpap]tbmKn®v cm
Pyw ssI°em°m≥ th≠n {ian® hyIvXnbpsS hrØntISp
Itfm? EtKzZØneqsS IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ C{µs\∂ cmPm
hns≥d Nn{XamWv Hcp kXymt\zjn°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
""k]vXkn\v[phns\ kzm[o\s∏SpØnb tk\m[n]Xnbmb
C{µ≥ a\pjy\mbncp∂psh∂p≈Xn\v EtKzZØn¬Xs∂
sXfnhpIfp≠v'' F∂mWv [¿am\µ sImkmw_n (`Kvhm≥
_p≤≥, t]Pv 57) FgpXp∂Xv. ""k]vXkn\v[ptZiØns≥d
]q¿Wm[nImcw e`yamb tijw a[ylnµp kvYm\w C{µs≥d
e£yambn amdn. tZhIo\µ\mbncp∂, tIhew tKm°sf
]cn]men®psIm≠ncp∂ cmPmhmbncp∂ IrjvW≥, C{µs≥d
bPvRkwkvImchpw B[n]Xyhpw kΩXn®psImSp°m≥
Hcp°a√mbncp∂p. AXpsIm≠v C{µ≥ At±lsØ FXn
cn´p. IrjvWs≥d Iøn¬ IpXnc∏Sbns√¶nepw At±lw
C{µs\ FXn¿Øp\n¬°m≥ IgnbmØhÆap≈ Hcp \ne
bnseØn®p. _rlkv]XnbpsS klmbtØmsS C{µ≥
Fßs\tbm Poht\mSpIqSn ]n≥hmßn. EtKzZØn¬ (8:36:
13˛15) ImWp∂ Nne E°pIfpw `mKhXw apXemb ]pcmW
ßfn¬ h¿Wn®n´p≈ sFXnlyßfpw Cu A\pam\sØ
AXy¥w _es∏SpØp∂p'' ([¿am\µ sImkmw_n: `Kvhm≥
_p≤≥, t]Pv 62).
thZØnse C{µs\ kw_\v [ n® kqIv X ßfpsS
DdhnSw At±lw Pohn®ncn°ptºmƒ sIm´mc ]WvUn X∑m¿
\SØnb {]iwkIfmbncn°Ww. kzm`mhnIambpw
cmPmhns\ kvXpXn°ptºmƒ, Be¶mcnIambn At±lØn¬
Aam\pjnIX Btcm]n®Xmbncn°mw ]n∂oSv tZh\mbn
amdm\p≠mb ImcWw. [¿am\µ sImkmw_n FgpXp∂p:
""k¿h`uacmPm°∑msc bPvRØn¬ £Wn®psIm≠ph∂v
tkmaw \¬Ip∂ coXn _m_ntemWnbbn¬ D≠mbncp∂p.
B AhkcØn¬ AhcpsS kvXpXn]q¿Wßfmb Km\߃
]mSpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. C{µs\ ]‰nbp≈ kqIvXßfpw
C{]Imcap≈XmIp∂p'' (lnµn kwkvIrXn BWn Alnwk,
CsX√mw C{µ≥ F∂ k\mX\ kwc£I\mb tZhs≥d hrØnI
fmtWm; AX√ GXv am¿Khpap]tbmKn®v cmPyw ssI°em°m≥ th≠n
{ian® hyIvXnbpsS hrØntISpItfm? EtKzZØneqsS IS∂pt]mIp
tºmƒ C{µs\∂ cmPmhns≥d Nn{XamWv Hcp kXymt\zjn°v ImWm≥
Ignbp∂Xv.
13
t]Pv 56).
hcpW≥
thZßfnse kp{][m\nbmb as‰mcp tZh\mWv hcpW
≥. EtKzZØn¬ tZh∑mcpsSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw cmPmhmbn
´mWv hcpWs\ kvXpXn°p∂Xv. CcptemIßfpw XΩneI‰n
BImisØ apIfnte°pb¿ØnbXpw kz¿Khpw `qanbpw
th¿Xncn®psh®Xpw \ZnIƒ ISen¬ sN∂ptNcp∂Xpw hcp
Ws≥d iIvXnsIm≠msW∂mWv k¶¬]w. EtKzZ{]Imcw
an{X\pw hcpW\pw agbpsS tZh∑mcmWv. EtKzZØnse ]e
kqIvXßfnepw C{µs\°mƒ iIvXntbdnb tZh\mbmWv
hcpW≥ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂sX¶nepw AY¿hthZØnepwa‰pw
XmcXtay\ iIvXnIpd™ tZh\mbmWv At±lw hyhl
cn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. alm`mcX {]Imcw Iiy] {]Pm]Xn°v
AZnXnsb∂ `mcybn¬ P\n®h\mWv hcpW≥ (alm`mcXw:
BZn]¿hw A[ym]w 65, t]Pv 15). Iiy{]Pm]Xn°v ap\nsb
∂ `mcybn¬ P\n®, tZhK\v[¿h\mb as‰mcp hcpWs\°p
dn®pw alm`mcXw ]dbp∂p≠v (Ibid ]Zyw 42). {_lvak`bn
se Hcp kmamPnI\pamWv alm`mcX{]Imcw hcpW≥. (Ibid
k`m]¿hw 11:51). Ing°v C{µs\bpw sX°v bas\bpw hS°v
ssh{ihWs\bpw ZnIv]meI∑mcmbn \nban® {_lvamhv
]Sn™mdv hcpWs\bpw ZnIv]meI\mbn \nban®Xmbn DØ
c cmambWw ]dbp∂p≠v.
hcpWs\°pdn® EtKzZØnse Hcp kqIvXw t\m°pI:
""hcpW≥ Im´n¬ ac°q´ßfp≠m°n. hoSpIƒ°v HmP pw
]ip°ƒ°v ]mepw lrZb߃°v hnthIhpw \¬In; Pe
Øn¬ AKv\nsbbpw BImiØn¬ kqcys\bpw ]¿hXß
fn¬ tkmasØbpw \nt£]n®p'' (EtKzZw 5:85:2).
C{µs\t]mse, hcpW≥ Bcy
tk\m\nbmbncp∂psh∂v ]dbm≥ JWvUnXamb
sXfnhpIsfm∂pan√. F¶nepw, At±lw Bcym{IaW
ImetØm AXn\paptºm Pohn®ncp∂ BZcn°s∏´ hyIvXn
Ifn¬ Hcmfmbncp∂psh∂v IcpXp∂Xn¬ sX‰n√. amemJ
]cnWan®v a\pjy\mbXmtWm, AX√ a\pjy≥ ]cnWan®v
tZh\mbXmtWmsb∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm≥ km[n°m
Ø AhkvYbmWv hcpWs\ kw_\v[n® kqIvX߃ ]cn
tim[n°ptºmgp≠mIp∂Xv. EtKzZØnsebpw bPp¿thZØn
sebpw a‰pw kqIvXßfpsS shfn®Øn¬, hcpW≥ BZcn°
s∏´ncp∂ Hcp Bcy\mbncp∂psh∂ \nKa\amWv IqSpX¬
{]kIvXsa∂mWv tXm∂p∂Xv.
AKv\n
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 32 ¬-)
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 14

kwhm-Zw- ss__n-fn-s≥-d
ssZhn-IX

? tNm-tZym-Ø-c-߃- !
tNmZyw:- Fs≥d t]cv a≥kq¿. {_Z¿ tUm. tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv ]mkv‰¿ KpWioe≥,
tPm¨k¨ Jp¿B≥ ]cn`mjbn¬ A_≤ {Snhm≥{Uw. ankv‰¿ AIv_¿ km¿ {]kwKn®
ßfp≠vv F∂\ne°v kwkmcn®t√m. Jp¿B≥ t∏mƒ tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\sØ°pdn®v
]cn`mjIƒ AXns≥d aqeIrXntbmSpIqSn aØmbn FgpXnb kphntijw H∂mw A[ymbw
bmWv \n߃°v ImWm\mIp∂Xv. F∂m¬ 22˛mw hmIyw D≤cn®p: ""I\yI K¿`nWnbmbn
ss__nƒ aqeIrXntbmSpIqSn FhnsSbpw Hcp aIs\ {]khn°pw. CΩm\pth¬ F∂
ImWpI km[ya√. am{Xa√, Cw•ojv {Sm≥kv t]¿ hnfn°s∏´pw''. ]t£, ]gb \nbaØn¬
tej≥kmsW¶n¬ Nn-eX - n¬- ]Tn∏n°p∂ Nne Hcp `mKØpw tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\sØ
`mK߃ Nn-e-Xn-en-√-, A-t∏mƒ- hn´pt]mb °pdn®v ]d™n´n√msb∂v At±lw hyIvXambn
`mK߃ ]Tn∏n°msXXs∂ t]mIWat√m. ]d™p. sbiø-m {]hmNI≥ Ggmw A[ymbw
CXv ssZhnI hN\ßfmWt√m. tPm¨k¨ \memw hmIyw hmbn®m¬ B D≤cWn hfsc
kmdns\t∏mep≈ BfpItfm As√¶n¬ hyIvXambn {]hmNI≥ tbip{InkvXhns≥d
A\pbmbnItfm ]Tn∏n°pt∏mƒ B `mK ߃ P\\Øn\v 700 h¿j߃°v apºv {]hNn®Xm
]Tn∏n°msX hntS≠nhcpw. CsXmcp henb bn, FgpXnbXmbn hyIvXambn tcJs∏SpØn
A_≤w Xs∂ bn´p≠v F∂p
bmWt√m. Jp¿ ImWmw.
^n-kn-Iv-kn-epw- Xn-tbm-fPn-bn-epw- tUm-Iv-Std‰v- t\Sn-b {]K¬`
B≥ aqeIrXn adp]Sn
tbmSp IqSnX ]fin-X\pw- {KŸIm-c\pw- {In-kv-Xp-aX {]Nm-cI\p-am-b (Fw. Fw. AIv
s∂bmWv {]kn tUm:tPm¨-k¨- kn.- ^n-en-∏pw- klm-bn- h¿-Ko-kv- Fw.- kmap- _¿): aØmbn
≤s∏SpØnbncn bpsS kphnti
thep-am-bn- \n-®v- Hm-^v- {Sq-Øv- {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ- 08˛06˛2002 \v-
°p∂Xv. jw H∂mw A
adp]Sn
s]cp-ºm-hq-cn-se sF.- Fw.- F.- lm-fn¬- sh®v- £Wn-°s∏´ [ymbØnse
(tPm¨k¨ kZ n-\v- apºm-sI \SØn-b kw-hm-Zw- Xp-S-cp-∂p-.- 21, 22 hN\ß
kn. ^nen∏v ) : fn¬ sbiøm
Izkv ‰y≥ Rm≥ icn°v a\ nem°nbn´pt≠m hns≥d Ggmw A[ymbØnse 14˛masØ hN\w
F∂v t\m°s´. Jp¿Bs≥d tIm∏okv aebmf Izm´v sNbvXn´p≠v. ChnsS AXns≥d ASnkvYm
Øn¬ As√¶n¬ a‰v `mjIfn¬ ]ªnjv sNøp \Øn¬ {]hN\amsW∂mWv kplrØns≥d
tºmƒ AXns≥dIqsS ]mceembn´v HdnPn\¬ hmZw. Rm≥ ]dbs´, \ΩpsS hnjba√ CXv.
IqSn ]ªnjv sNøpw F∂mtWm ]d™Xns≥d hnjbØn¬\n∂v sX∂namdm≥th≠n CXp]
A¿ Yw? are you sure? I can show you ten copies tbmKn®v {iant°≠. {]hN\ßfpsS hnizmky
aebmfØntem Cw•ojntem am{Xap≈ HdnPn\ Xtbm {]hN\߃ kw`hn®n´n√msb∂tXm
¬ C√mØXv. AXpsIm≠v argument \v bmsXm Cu hnjbhpambn Iq´ns°t´≠Xn√. F∂m¬
cp validity bpan√. \ΩpsS Iøn¬ Jp¿Bs≥d Cu hnjbØn¬ kplrØv tNmZn® kvYnXn°v
[mcmfw tIm∏okp≠v. ]dbs´. sbiøm {]hmNIs≥d {]hN\w
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
F¥mWv? I\yI K¿`nWnbmbn aIs\ {]khn
°pw. I\yI F∂√ DffXv. bphXn K¿`nWnbm
bn Ft∂bp≈q. AsXmcp hiw. I\yI F∂p
≈Xv aØmbnbpsS hIbmWv. AsXmcp hiw.
F∂ns´¥mbn? Ah≥ CΩm\ph¬ F∂v t]cv
hnfn°Ww. CΩm\pth¬ F∂p]d™m¬
F¥mWv? Xnctb≠. A¬am F∂pw _Ypem
F∂pap≈ ]ZßsfSpØv \ap°v ]cntim[nt°
≠nhcpw. shdpsX F¥n\mWv _p≤nap´p∂Xv?
]Z]camb hyp¬]Øn FSpØn´v A¬am F
∂pw _Ypem F∂pap≈ ]ZßsfSpØv ]cntim
[n®n´v F¥mWv sbiømhv kzoIcn®Xv, F¥m
Wv aØmbn FSpØXv Fs∂√mw \ap°v t\m
t°≠nhcpw. ]t£, ChnsS F¥mWv kw`hn
°p∂sX∂v \Ωƒ a\ nem°pI. bYm¿YØn
¬ sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIw Ggmw A[ymb
Øn¬ 14˛masØ hN\w am{Xa√bp≈Xv. 15Dw
16Dw 17Dw F√mw hN\ßfp≠v. Ahsb√mw
FSpØv hmbn°pI. Cu hyIvXnsb°pdn®pX
s∂bmWv ]dbp∂Xv. c≠v cmPm°∑mcpsS
tZiw Dt]£n°p∂Xns\°pdn®v ]dbp∂p≠v.
ssXcpw tX\pw `£n°phm≥ BIp∂Xn\v apºv
sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIw FSpsØm∂v hmbn®pt\m°pI.
AXv aØmbn FSpØv Izm´v sNbvXn´v tbiphn¬
kw`hn®psh∂v hcpØm≥th≠n {ian°pIbmWv.
kXyØn¬ AXv Bsc°pdn®mWv?
F¥v kw`hn°psa∂v ]dbp∂p≠v. CsX√mw
kw`hn®Xv sbiømhns≥d ImeØpXs∂bm
Wv F∂v a\ nem°m≥ F´mw A[ymbØn¬
F´masØ hN\w H∂v hmbn®pt\m°nbm¬
aXn. CΩm\pth¬ Fs∂mcp Bfp≠mbXpw
F√mhcpw CΩm\pth¬ F∂v hnfn®Xpw B
{]hN\Øns≥d ]q¿ØoIcWw A√msb¶n¬
sbiømhns≥d hN\Øns≥d ]q¿ØoIcWw
\S∂Xpsa√mw AhnsSØs∂bp≠v. sbiøm
hns≥d ]pkvXIw FSpsØm∂v hmbn®pt\m°p
I. AXv aØmbn FSpØv Izm´v sNbvXn´v tbip
hn¬ kw`hn®psh∂v hcpØm≥th≠n {ian°p
IbmWv. kXyØn¬ AXv Bsc°pdn®mWv?
CXv A∂pXs∂ kw`hn® Hcp {]hN\amWv.
B {]hN\w A∂v \nh¿ØoIcn®n´p≠v F∂p
≈XmWv kXyw. Ggpw F´pw A[ymb߃ H∂v
]q¿Wambn´v hmbn®pt\m°nbm¬ aXn. AXn\v
IqSpX¬ t]mtI≠Xn√. At∏mƒ \ap°v a\ n
emIpw. B hnjbw \n߃ ]cntim[n°pI.
ChnsS Jp¿B\nt≥dXpt]mseXs∂bmWv
ss__nfnt≥dXpw F∂v tPm¨k¨ km¿
kqNn∏n®Xn¬ sNdnb Hc`n{]mbw ]dbm\p≠v.
\n®v Hm^v {SqØv ]cnip≤ Jp¿Bs≥d ]cn`m
15
j Ad_n aqetØmSv IqSnbmWv Cd°p∂Xv.
CXmWv icnbmb coXn. Ad_naqeamWv ]cnip
≤ Jp¿B≥. Ad_n aqeamWv icn. AXpsIm
≠v \n®v Hm^v {SqØv ]pdØnd°p∂ Jp¿B≥
]cn`mjsb√mw Ad_naqetØmSpIqSnbmWv
{]kn≤oIcn°pI. Bsc¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw
sNøp∂Xn\v \Ωƒ DØchmZnb√. {Ko°v aqew
am{XamWv icnsb¶n¬ {Ko°v aqetØmSpIqSn
bp≈ Hcp aebmf ss__nƒ {]kn≤oIcn°m
≥ _lpam\y\mb tPm¨k¨ km¿ k∂≤
\mhpIbpw AXns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ Hcp
kwhmZw kwLSn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXpIfbmw
F∂mWv F\n°v tXm∂p∂Xv. ImcWw Rm≥
GXv D≤cWn D≤cn®mepw At±lØn\v ]dbm
≥ ]‰pw CXv HdnPn\en¬ C√ F-∂v. ImcWsa
¥mWv? {Ko°v {Sm≥kvtej≥ ankvt‰Ivkv. Ffp
∏Øn¬ ]dbm≥ km[n°pw! ChnsS Fs∂ kw
_\v[n®nStØmfw CXn\v ]‰n√. ImcWsa¥m
sW∂p sh®m¬ Ad_n Adnbmhp∂ Hcmƒ
AXv CXpt]mse D≤cn®n´v ]dbmsa∂v hnNm
cn°pI. C∂Xv C∂ hm°ns≥d A¿Yat√
F∂v tNmZn®m¬ F\ns°m∂pw ]dbm≥ ]‰n√.
At∏mƒ hna¿in°m≥ km[ya√. ImcWsa¥m
Wv?- CXv ssZhnI hN\ßfmWv. B ssZhnI
hN\߃ AtXt]msebp≠v. AXns≥d ASn
kvYm\Øn¬ "\n®v Hm-^v {SqØpw'- "Z {SqØp'am
Wt√m kwkmcn°p∂Xv. "Z {SqØv'- {Ko°v HdnPn
\ens≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ HdnPn\epw IqSn
Dƒs∏SpØns°m≠v Hcp {Sm≥kvtej≥ ]ªn
jv sNøs´. \ap°v ]cntim[n°mw F∂v kqNn
∏n°pIbmWv.
tNmZyw:- Fs≥d t]cv d^oJv. ss__n
fns≥d ]cn`mjbn¬ A]mIXIfpt≠m Ct√
F∂p≈X√ ChnsS kwkmc hnjbw. HdnPn\
¬ ss__nfn¬Xs∂ AXns≥d hN\߃
hn´pt]mbn. ]cn`mjs∏SpØptºmƒ Fßs\
bmWv B hN\wXs∂ hn´pt]mIp∂Xv? DZml
cWØn\v ^mZ¿ F∂v ]dbptºmƒ aebmfØn
¬ ANvO≥ Ft∂m ]nXmsht∂m sImSptØ
°mw. AXn¬ \Ωƒ A`n{]mbhyXymkw ]dbp
∂n√. ]t£, HdnPn\en¬\n∂v a‰v `mjIfnte
°v `mjm¥cw sNøptºmƒ hN\߃Xs∂
hn´pt]mbXn\v DZmlcWamWv InwKvsPbnwkv
th¿j\nse H∂v tbml∂m≥ 5˛7, AXn¬
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
Cßs\ ImWp∂p: "kz¿KØn¬ km£n]dbp
∂h¿ aqhcp≠v. ]nXmhv, ]p{X≥ ]cnip≤mXv
amhv. Cu aqhcpw H∂pXs∂'. Cu hN\w {Inkv
XpaXhnizmknIfpsS ASnkv Y m\]camb
hnizmkamWv. Cu hnizmkØn\v A\pIqe
amb sXfnhv InwKvsPbnwkv th¿j≥ Hgn®v
as‰mcp Cw•ojv ss__nfnepw \ap°v ImWm≥
km[ya√. AXpt]mseXs∂ ]Xn‰m≠pIƒ°p
apºp≈ aebmfw ss__nfpIfn¬ AXp≠mbn
cp∂p. ]ns∂ AXv am‰n. Ct∏mƒ CXm AIv_¿
km¿ ImWn®Xpt]msebp≈, amXyp h¿Kokn
s≥d ss__nfn¬ CXv ImWp∂p. CXv ]cn`mj
bnep≈ XIcmd√. hN\߃Xs∂ D≤cn°m
Ø {]iv\amWv. AXv sX‰t√ F∂mWv kwibw.
adp]Sn (tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v): Thank
you for that question. Rm≥ AXv {]Xo£n°p
∂p≠mbncp∂p. AXn\v apºv Rms\mcp Imcyw
point out sNøs´. CXn\papºv ankv‰¿ AIv_¿
]d™t∏mƒ Rm≥ ]d™Xn\v adp]SnbmWv
]d™Xv. That is not allowed. I appeal. You are
not supposed to reply me. It is not a debate within me
and you. Rm≥ CXn\papºv Hm¿an∏n®Xpt]mse
\n߃ Bcpw ln{_p I≠n´n√. {Ko°v I≠n´n√. shdpw
Cw•ojv {Sm≥kvtejs≥dbpw aebmfw {Sm≥kvtej
s≥dbpw amXyp h¿Kokns\t]mse Individuals sNbvX
{Sm≥kvtejs≥d basisepamWv Cu argument
sIm≠phcp∂Xv.
\n߃ Cu ]dbp∂Xv F√mw ss__nƒ {Sm≥
kvtej≥kns≥d basis emWv. Ct∏mƒ Xs∂
amXyp h¿Kokns≥d {Sm≥kvtej≥˛ AXv Hcp
hyIvXnbpsS {Sm≥kvtej\mWv. AXn\v k`bp
sS bmsXmcp AwKoImchpw Cs√∂v am{Xa√,
ankv‰¿ amXyp h¿Kokv k`bn¬\n∂v ]pdØm
°s∏´-- hyIvXnbmWv. ankv‰¿ amXyp h¿Kokv
k`bn¬\n∂v ]pdØm°s∏-´- hyIvXn F∂v \n
߃ a\ nem°Ww. \n߃ Cu sIm≠phcp
∂ tNmZyßsf√mw Cu hyIvXnIƒ sNøp∂
{Sm≥kvtejs≥d basis emWv. AXpt]mseX
s∂ Hcmƒ Fgpt∂‰p\n∂psIm≠v ]d™p. Hdn
Pn\epw {Sm≥kvtej\pw H∂n®pX∂pIgn™m
¬ HdnPn\¬ Adnbmhp∂Xv BcmWv? \nßfn
¬ {Ko°v Adnbp∂h¿ Bsc¶nepaps≠¶n-¬-
ssIs]m°nbms´. HdnPn\¬ Ds≠¶n¬Xs∂
what is a difference? suppose Hcp sskUn¬ ae
bmfw {Sm≥kvtej≥. Hcp sskUn¬ HdnPn\ep
≠v. {Ko°v Adnbmhp∂h¿ Bsc¶nepaps≠¶n
¬ Fgpt∂‰v \n¬°s´. ln{_p Adnbmhp∂h¿
Bsc¶nepaps≠¶n¬ Fgpt∂‰v \n¬°s´.
\n߃°v Adnbns√¶n¬ paralel Bbn´v
]ªnj-v- sNøp∂--Xn¬ A¿Ysam∂pan√. CXv
16
shdpw argument BWv. Cu argument s\m∂pw
bmsXmcp A¿Yhpan√. F∂pam{Xa√, CXn\p
apºv ]d™Xns≥d adp]Sn Rm≥ H∂pIqSn ]d
bs´. Rm≥ apºv Hm¿an∏n®Xpt]mse apkvenw
kv Xs∂ publish sNbvX ]e {Sm≥kvtej≥kn
epw original C√. AXpsIm≠v \n߃ ]d™
Xn\v bmsXmcp basis Dw C√. c≠v. HdnPn\¬
]ªnjv sNbvXm¬Xs∂ \n߃°m¿°pw AXv
a\ nemIØn√. hn´pt]mbn´pt≠m F∂v \nß
ƒ°v Xncn®dnbm≥ km[n°n√. \n߃ Bcpw
ln{_p I≠n´n√. {Ko°v I≠n´n√. shdpw Cw•o
jv {Sm≥kvtejs≥dbpw aebmfw {Sm≥kvtej
s≥dbpw amXyp h¿Kokns\t]mse Individuals
sNbvX {Sm≥kvtejs≥d basisepamWv Cu ar-
gument sIm≠phcp∂Xv. tbml∂ms≥d kphn
tijØn¬\n∂v Hcp hmIyw hn´pt]msb∂v ]d
bp∂p; H∂v tbml∂m≥ A©mw A[ymbØn
¬\n∂v. B[nImcnIambn´p≈ GXv {Sm≥kvte
j≥ thWsa¶nepw \n߃ FSpØv t\m°n
t°m, AXn¬ B hmIyap≠v. individuals sNbv
XXv ]eXpw hn´p. ImcWw C∂v ss__nƒ
ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xv, ]e individuals Dw ssI
Imcyw sNøp∂Xv AhcpsS kzm¿YXm¬]cy
Øn\pth≠nbmWv. AhchcpsS Dt±iyw kvYm
]n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv. ]Øv {Sm≥kvtej\p
s≠¶nepw ]Øpw AwKoIrXsam∂pa√. Jp¿
Bs≥d ]Øv {Sm≥kvtej≥kps≠¶n¬ \nß
ƒ ]Øpw AwKoIcn°p∂n√. AXpt]mseX
s∂ Rßfpw AwKoIcn°p∂n√ F∂p≈Xv
a\ nem°n°gn™m¬ Cu tNmZy߃s°m
∂pw {]kIvXnbns√∂p≈Xv a\ nem°mw. Hdn
Pn\en¬\n∂v H∂pw hn´pt]mbn´n√. H∂pw hn´n
´n√. Rm≥ Hm¿an∏n®Xpt]mse {Sm≥kvtej≥
H∂nepw Xs∂ B[nImcnIXbn√. AXn¬ ]e
cpw ]eXpw sNbvsX∂ncn°pw.
tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv sI.Fkv. sNdnbm≥
F∂mWv . s]cpºmhq¿Xs∂bmWv hoSv .
{ioam≥ AIv_¿ kwkmcn®p;- tbip{InkvXp
hns\∏‰n {]hN\`mKßfnsem∂pw ]d™n´n
√msb∂v. F∂m¬ sbiøm {]hmNI≥ 51˛mw
A[ymbØn¬ Bsc°pdn®mWv ]d™ncn°p
∂sX∂v hniZoIcn°mtam?
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_¿): _lpam\y\m
b tPyjvT ktlmZc≥ ho≠pw {]hN\ßfnte
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
°v t]mbncn°bmWv. Rm≥ ChnsS ]d™p.
ss__nfnse {]hN\ßsf t]mkv‰vtam¿´w \S
Øtem sbiømhv {]hN\w \SØnbn´n√ F∂v
]dbtem Fs≥d e£ya√. AXv a\ nem°
Ww. ss__nfn¬ {]hN\߃ D≠v F∂pX
s∂bmWv Fs≥d A`n{]mbw. AtXkabw
tbiphns\°pdn®p≈ {]hN\ßfmbn ]dbp
∂ Imcyßsf°pdn®p≈ Hcp A`n{]mb {]I
S\w \SØnbXmWv. AXnt∑¬ ISn®pXqtß
≠Xn√. hnjbØn¬\n∂v amtd≠Xn√. CXn\v
adp]Sn ]d™m¬ kzm`mhnIambn´pw ASpØ
tNmZyw hcpw. ]ns∂ k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn
¬ ]d™n´p≈Xv Bsc°pdn®msW∂v. ASp
Ø tNmZyw hcpw. CXpt]mseXs∂ b-ncaym
{]hmNIs≥d ]pkvXIØn¬ ]d™n´p≈Xv
Bsc°pdn®msW∂v. BbnctØmfw {]hN\
߃ tbiphn¬ kw`hn®n´ps≠∂v ss__nƒ
]WvUnX∑m¿ A`n{]mbs∏Smdp≠v. AXv \ap
°v as‰mcp AhkcØn¬ analise sNømw. tbip
hns\°pdn®v {]hNn®n´pt≠m C√tbm F∂p
≈X√ \ΩpsS hnjbw. adn®v ss__nƒ ssZhn
IamtWm At√ F∂XmWv. B ss__nfns≥d
tbiphns\°pdn®v {]hNn®n´pt≠m C√tbm F∂p≈X√
\ΩpsS hnjbw. adn®v ss__nƒ ssZhnIamtWm At√
F∂XmWv. B ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX°v FXncmbn
Rm≥ Nne {]hN\߃ D≤cn®p.
ssZhnIX°v FXncmbn Rm≥ Nne {]hN\ß
ƒ D≤cn®p. ChnsS _lpam\y\mb tPm¨k
¨ kmtdm a‰msc¶neptam AXns\ criticise sN
bvXn´n√. AXns\ hna¿in®n´n√. tNmtZymØc
Øn\nSbn¬ ]ckv]cw adp]Sn ]dtb≠Xn√
F∂p≈Xv kzm`mhnIambn´pw \nba{]Imcam
Wv. Ct±lw ]d™ Imcy߃°v Ft≥dXmb
A`n{]mbßfp≠v; sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkvYm\
Ønep≠v. ]t£, \Ωƒ Xbmdm°nb \nbamh
enbpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ AXv icnb√mØXp
sIm≠v Rm≥ At±lØns≥d hmZßsf JWv
Un°phm≥ k∂≤\mIp∂n√ F∂v Adnbn°p
IbmWv. ChnsS {]hN\߃ A√ \ΩpsS
hnjbw. {]hN\ ]q¿ØoIcWw kw`hn®n´p
t≠m F∂X√. kw`hn°mØ {]hN\߃
D≠v. AXns\°pdn®mWv \Ωƒ N¿® sNtø
≠Xv F∂mWv kqNn∏n°phm\p≈Xv.
tNmZyw:- Fs≥d t]cv imcnJv. kvYew
sIm®n. tPm¨k¨ km¿ {]kwKØn¬ ]dbp
Ibp≠mbn; ss__nƒ ]q¿Wambpw ssZhnI
amWv. AXn¬ Aimkv{Xob ]cma¿ißfn√.
Aimkv{Xob ]cma¿i߃ Bsc¶nepw ImWn
17
®m¬ AXns\{Xtbm cq] \¬Imsa∂v. Rm≥
Nne Imcy߃ tNmZn°phm≥ Dt±in°p∂p.
21˛mw A[ymbØn¬ 19 apXep≈ hN\ßfn¬
]dbp∂p "btlmhm cmPmhv `cWw XpSßnb
t∏mƒ Ah\v 32 hb mbncp∂p. Ah≥ F´ph¿
jw Pdpktew hmWXn\ptijamWv acn®Xv.
Ah≥ acn®Xn\ptijw Ahs≥d Cfb aIs\
cmPmhm°n. At∏mƒ Ah\v 42 hb -mbncp∂p.
At∏mƒ A∏≥ acn®p. A∏s≥d Cfb aIs\
cmPmhm°n. aqØa°sf√mw sIm√s∏´p'. Cf
b aIs\ cmPmhm°nbt∏mƒ Ah\v 42 hb v.
A∏≥ acn®Xv 30 hb n¬. A∏t\°mƒ c≠v
hb v aqØ aI≥. AXpt]mseXs∂ tehy
]pkvXIØn¬ ]dbp∂p; hoSns≥d ip≤oIcW
Øn\pth≠n \n߃ c≠v ]£nIsf sIm≠p
hcWw. B ]£nsb \n߃ AdpØv AXn
s≥d tNmc hoSns≥d Np‰pw Xfn®m¬ sXmen∏pd
sabp≈ AkpJ߃ AXmbXv sNmdn, Nncßv,
IpjvTwt]msebp≈ tcmK߃ hcn√ F∂v.
F√mh¿°pw Adnbmhp∂ ImcyamWv;- AXn\v
]n.F®v.Un. FSpt°≠ Bhiyan√. Hcp sNdnb
sIm®n\pt]mepw Adnbmw tNmc tcmKw D≠m
°p∂XmsW∂v. B tNmc Xfn®m¬ \n߃°v
sXmen∏pdsabp≈ AkpJw hcn√msb∂v ,
IpjvTw hcn√msb∂v. AXpt]mseXs∂ ss_
_nfn¬ ]dbp∂Xv, Hcp s]Æv hy`nNcn®n´ps≠
¶n¬ Ahsf ]ptcmlnXs≥d ASpØv sIm≠p
t]mIWsa∂pw ]ptcmlnXs≥d ASpØpsIm
≠pt]mbn ip≤sh≈w sImSpØv Ahsfs°m
≠v kXyw sNøn®m¬ Ahƒ hy`nNcn®n´ps≠
¶n¬ AhfpsS hbdv ho¿Øv AkpJw h∂v
P\߃°v a\ nemIpw. hy`nNcn®n´ns√¶n¬
Ahƒ°v AkpJw _m[n°n√ F∂pw ]dbp
∂p. CXv Fßs\bmWv imkv{XobamhpIsb
∂v hyIvXambn ]d™pX∂m¬ sIm≈mw. \nb
aØnep≈ ImcyßfmWnsX√mw. At∏mƒ CXn
¬ Hcn°epw am‰w hcn√msb∂v \n߃ hnizkn
°p∂psh∂v hnNmcn°p∂p.
adp]Sn (tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v): Thank
you kplrsØ, A{X emotional BtI≠
Bhiyan√. CXv ASntbm hgt°m H∂pa√.
especially \Ωƒ first time ImWpIbmWv. ]e
{]mhiyw debate \SØnbXn¬ Rm\pw AIv_
dpw XΩn¬ C{Xbpw emotionally kwkmcn®n´p
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
s≠∂v tXm∂p∂n√. R߃ hfsc friendly
Bbn´ncp∂mWv Nmb IpSn®sXms°. O.K.?
no problem! aq∂v questions BWv tNmZn®Xv.
B aq∂v questions Dw one by one Bbn´v ssIIm
cyw sNømw. BZyw aq∂masØ question FSp°mw.
Ahƒ B hnip≤ Pew IpSn®pIgn™m¬ Ah
ƒ°v problem D≠mIn√. O.K. kb≥kns≥d
GXv \nbaØn\v FXncmWXv? hmZn hmZw sXfn
bn°Ww. kb≥kns≥d GXv \nbasØbmWv
AXv ewLn°p∂Xv? Rm≥ CXn\v apºv ]d™
Xpt]mse hmZn°p∂h≥ hmZw sXfnbn°Ww.
tNmZyI¿Ømhv:- CXv \ap°v Adnbmhp∂
ImcyamWv . hy`nNmcØns≥d hnjbØn¬
[mcmfw tIkpIƒ hcmdp≠v. tImSXnbn¬
t]mImdp≠v. Cßs\sbmcp Imcyaps≠¶n¬
\ap°Xv ss__nfns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬
sXfnbn®m¬ t]msc? hfsc hyIvXamWXv.........
adp]Sn: tNmZyaX√. imkv{XØns≥d GXv
\nbasØbmWv B statement ewLn°p∂Xv?
tNmZyI¿Ømhv-: imkv{XØns≥d GXv
\nbaamWv CXns\ \ymboIcn°p∂Xv F∂v
Ime{ItaW c≠v kwh¬kcw Ign™p. Zo\Øm¬
Ahs≥d IpS¬ ]pdØpNmSn Ah≥ ITn\hym[nbm¬
acn®p... Ahs≥d ]nXm°∑m¿°v Ign® Zl\wt]mse
Ah\p Zl\w Ign®n√. Ah≥ hmgv-N-XpSßnbt∏mƒ
Ah\v 32 hb mbncp∂p.
]d™m¬sIm≈mw?
adp]Sn: A√√. Rm≥ AXv \ymboIcn°p
sa∂v ]d™n√. \nßfpsS tNmZyØn\v Hcp
justification XcWw. Rm≥ adp]Sn ]dbmw.
tNmZyI¿Ømhv: ss__nƒ ]dbpIbmWv
hy`nNmcmtcm]Ww D≠mbm¬.......
adp]Sn: imkv{XØns≥d GXv \nbasØ
ewLn°p∂p?
tNmZyI¿Ømhv: hy`nNcn® F{X Bƒ
°mcp≠v.......
adp]Sn: imkv{XØns≥d GXv \nbasØ
ewLn°p∂p? aq∂masØ tNmZyw. H∂masØ
tNmZyw H∂pIqSnsbm∂v repeat sNøp.
Please control you emotion. CXv Ign™n´p
thWsa¶n¬ \aps°m∂n®p\n∂v Ipd®v shoot
sNømw.
tNmZyI¿Ømhv: Hcp cmPmhns≥d Ncn{Xw
ss__nƒ ]d™p. Hcp cmPmhv `cWw XpSßn
bXv 32˛mw hb n¬. F´ph¿jw Pdpktew hm
Wp. DSs\ AbmfpsS Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm°n.
aqØ a°sf√mw sIm√s∏´p. AXpsIm≠v Cf
18
b aIs\ cmPmhm°n. 32 hb n¬ cmPmhmbn.
F´ph¿jw `cn®p. Ct∏mƒ F{X hb mbn?40
hb -mbn. Cfb aIs\ cmPmhm°n. At∏mƒ
Ah\v 42 hb v. A∏t\°mƒ c≠v hb v
aqØ aI≥. AXpam{Xa√......
adp]Sn: O.K Thank you very much. _m°n
sbm∂v hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°mtam. F\n°v Hm¿abn
s√∂pht®m. _m°nsbm∂v hmbn®ptIƒ∏n°q
ss__nfn¬\n∂v. ]n.F®v.Unsbms° sNbvX
Xn\nS°v memory°v kz¬]w problem h∂n´p
≠v. AsXm∂v hmbn®ptIƒ]n®ms´-.
tNmZyI¿Ømhv:- Ime{ItaW c≠v kwh
¬kcw Ign™p. Zo\Øm¬ Ahs≥d IpS¬
]pdØpNmSn Ah≥ ITn\hym[nbm¬ acn®p...
Ahs≥d ]nXm°∑m¿°v Ign® Zl\wt]mse
Ah\p Zl\w Ign®n√. Ah≥ hmgv-N-XpSßn
bt∏mƒ Ah\v 32 hb mbncp∂p. Ah≥ F´v
kwh¬kcw Pdpktean¬ hmWp. B¿°pw
CjvS\mImsX Ign™pIqSn. Ahs\ ZmhoZn
s≥d \KcØn¬ AS°w sNbvXp. cmPm°∑m
cpsS I√dIfn¬ A√Xm\pw. Pdpktew \nhm
knIƒ Ahs≥d Cfb aI\mb Alkymsh
Ah∂v ]Icw cmPmhm°n. AcphnItfmSpIqsS
]mfbØn¬h∂ ]S°q´w Ahs≥d aqØhsc
sbms°bpw sIm∂pIf™ncp∂p. Cßs\
blqZ cmPmhmb sblcmans≥d aI≥ Al
kymhv cmPmhmbn. Alkymhv hmgv∂v XpSßn
bt∏mƒ Ah\v 42 hb mbncp∂p.
adp]Sn (tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v): Thank
you, very very clear. 32˛mw hb n¬ cmPmhmbn.
F´ph¿jw hmWp. Ahs≥d aI≥ cmPmhmbt∏m
ƒ Ah\v 42 hb p≠mbncp∂p. 32Dw 8D-w 40.
40 Ign™v immediately BWv Ah≥ `cn®p Ign
™sX∂v ss__nfnseßpw ]d™n´n√. ss_
_nfnep≈ ]gb \nbaØnse lnkv‰dn FSp
ØpIgn™m¬ ]e cmPm°∑m¿ Hcp kvt‰Pn¬
h∂pIgn™v CS°v anUnen¬ Nne¿ `cn°pI
bpw AXpIgn™v AhcpsS a°ƒ `cn°p Ibpw
sNbvXp. Hcp cmPmhv 32˛mw hb n¬ `cWØn
¬ h∂p. F´ph¿jw `cn®p. Xs≥d aI≥ `cW
Øn¬ h∂t∏mƒ 42 hb p≠mbncp∂p. CXn
\nS°v gap C√mbncp∂psh∂v ss__nƒ ]dbp
∂n√. Kym∏v C√msb∂v \nßfßv k¶¬]n°p
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 41 ¬-)
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 19

?
!
● Ckvemw ssiih hnhmlsØ AwKoIcn°p∂Xv sX‰t√?
?
● Cu®bpsS NndIn¬ tcmKia\tam?
●
●
\-∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ- Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬-- lr-Z-b-Øn-\v- ]-¶p-t≠m?
a-X-Øn¬ {]-bm-kw- Ds≠-∂pw- C-s√-∂pw-
!
● \-_n- (r)-sb- ]p-d-Øm-°n-b-h¿-°v- in-£- _m-[n-®p-thm?-
● Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-®-Xv- H-‰-cm-{Xn-bn-tem- 23 h¿-j-Øn-\n-S-bn-tem? ?
Iq- S n- ° m- g v- N -

? imcocnIw, am\knIw, kmaqlnIw XpSßn ]e\nebv°pw ssi ? \_n (r) Acpfn: ""\nßfn¬ h√
ih hnhmlw A]ISIcamWv. F∂n´pw am\hnIXbpsS aXsa∂v hcpsSbpw ]m\obØn¬ Cu® hoWp
kzbw ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ Ckvemw am\hnIXs°Xncmb ssi t]mbm¬ Cu®sb apgph≥ AXn¬
ih hnhmlsØ F¥psIm≠v AwKoIcn°p∂p? ap°nbn´v FSpØpIfbs´. AXns≥d
˛cm[mIrjvW≥, Beph Hcp NndIn¬ tcmKhpw at‰ NndIn¬
tcmKia\hpap≠v'' (_pJmcn).
! inip°sf hnhmlw Ign°m≥ t{]mXvkmln∏n°p∂tXm
AXv AwKoIcn°p∂tXm Bb bmsXmcp ]cma¿ihpw
Cu hN\sØ imkv{XobmSnkvYm\
Øn¬ hniZoIcn°m\mhptam?
hnip≤ Jp¿B\ntem hnizk\obambn D≤cn°s∏´ \_n ˛apivXmJv Im∏n¬, sh≈nbt©cn
hN\ßfntem C√. \_n (r)bpw injy∑mcpw hnhmlw sNbv
XXv {]mb]q¿Ønbmb kv{XoIsfbmWv. IrXyamb {]mbw
\n¿Wbn®n´ns√¶nepw hnhmlw {]mb]q¿Ønbmbn´v sNtø
! CtX \_n hN\w A_qZmhqZv
dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X Xn¬ ""ImcWw,
≠ ImcyamsW∂v hnip≤ Jp¿B\nse 4:6 hN\Øn¬ kqNn
tcmKtlXpIamb NndIpsIm≠mWv
∏n®n´p≠v.
AXv kzbw {]Xntcm[n°p∂Xv ''
CXn\v A]hmZambn Nne¿ Nq≠n°mWn°mdp≈Xv F∂v IqSnbp≠v. Cu® hoW sh≈w
\_n(r) At±lØns≥d G‰hpw ASp∏ap≈ A\pNc\mb IpSn°Ww F∂ I¬]\b√ Cu
A_q_°dn(t)s≥d aIƒ Bbni(y)sb sNdp{]mbØn¬ \_n hN\Ønep≈Xv. B ]m\obw
hnhmlw Ign® ImcyamWv. Cu hnhmlw \S∂Xv Bbni(t) Hgnhm°msX IpSnt°≠ A\nhmcy
ssiihw ]n∂n´tijamWv. Ah¿ H∂n®v Pohn°m≥ XpSßn kmlNcyap≠mhpIbmsW¶n¬
bXv Bbni (t)bpsS Iuamc{]mbØnemWv. _p≤nIq¿aX Cu®sb AXn¬ ap°nbn´v FSpØp
bpw Hm¿aiIvXnbpw kZvKpWßfpwsIm≠v A\pKr-loXbmb Ifbs´ F∂ \n¿tZiamWp≈Xv.
Bbni (t) {]hmNI ]Xv\o]ZØnte°v Db¿Øs∏´Xn\v \_nhN\ßfpsS {]mamWnIX \n
{]tXyI ImcWßfp≠mbncp∂p. ssewKnIamb ASnkvYm\ tj[n°p∂h¿ CXv s]m°n∏nSn
Øn¬ am{Xw hnebncpØs∏tS≠X√ AXv. \_n (r)bpsS °mdp≠v. {]hmNIs\ ]cnlkn°p
hyIvXnPohnXØnsebpw IpSpw_PohnXØnsebpw hninjvS ∂ `uXnIhmZnIfpw CXv Hcp Bbp
amXrIIƒ ]eXpw temI¿°v Adnbm\mbXv Bbni (t)bp [am°mdp≠v.
sS dnt∏m¿´pIfneqsSbmWv. {]hmNIs≥d Imetijhpw Zo¿
Cu hnjbsØ kw_\v [ n®v
LImew XncpNcy P\߃°v btYmNnXw hnhcn®psImSp°m
imkv{Xob KthjWw \S∂Xmbn
≥ B alXn°v Ign™Xv Ah¿ {]hmNI ]Xv\namcn¬ G‰
Adnbn√. Cu teJI\v Pohimkv
hpw {]mbwIpd™ BfmbXpsIm≠pIqSnbmWv.
{XsØ kw_\v[n®v hfsc ]cnan
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 20

Xamb [mcW am{Xtabp≈q. ≈- kq-Iv-X-߃- [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- C-Xv- Jp¿-B-\n-ep-≈- im-kv-{Xo-bm-_-≤-a-t√?-

? AXns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬
Hcp Imcyw ]dbm≥ Ignbpw.
CJv-_m¬,- ]-Ø-\w-Xn-´-

tcmKmWp°sf hln°p∂
! H-cp-Im-cyw- \-∑-bm-tWm- Xn-∑-bm-tWm- F-∂v- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv- _p-≤n-]-c-
! Hcp PohnbmsW∂Xpt]mse
tcmK {]Xntcm[ tijnsIm≠v
\ne\n¬°p∂ Hcp PohnIqSn
am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\-am-Wv.- A-Xv- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-Øn¬- \-S-°p-∂p- F-∂m-Wv- Po-h-im-
kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿- s]m-Xp-sh- I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- \-∑-bm-sW-∂v- t_m-[y-amb-
Im-cy-tØm-Sv- ]-e-cpw- {]-Xn-_-≤-X- ]p-e¿-Øm-dn-√.- Xn-∑-bm-sW-∂v- t_m-[ys∏-
bmWv Cu®. tcmKmWp hmln
? Itfm tcmKmWp°fpsS B{I
aWØn\v CcbmIp∂htbm
´- Im-cy-ß-tfm-Sv- X-s∂- ]-e-cpw- B-k-Iv-Xn- Im-Wn-°m-dp-≠v.- ssh-Im-cn-I- \n-e
bm-Wv- C-Xn-s\m-s°- \n-Zm-\-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- C-Xn¬- lr-Z-b-Øn-\v- h-√- ]-¶p-ap-t≠m-
F-∂v- J-Wv-Un-X-am-bn- sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√.- F-∂m¬- ssh-Imcn-I-am-b- hy-Xn-
Bb ]e PohnIfpw Ahbp
! sS BbpjvImew apgph≥ \ne
\n¬°p∂Xv AhbpsS ssPh
bm-\-߃- lr-Z-b-Xm-f-sØ- h-f-sc-tb-sd- _m-[n-°p-∂p-≠v- F-∂-Xv- ssh-Zy-im-
kv-{X-cw-K-Øv- ]-c-s°- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- \-∑-bn¬
\n-∂v- Xn-∑b- n-te-°pw- a-dn-®pw- a-\p-jy-s\- sX-‰n-°p-∂X - v- tI-he- w- ssh-Im-cnIam-
LS\bpsS `mKamb tcmK{]
b- Nm-©m-´w- am-{X-am-sW-¶n¬- A-Xn-\v- lr-Zb - h
- p-am-bn- _-\v[- a- p-≠m-Im-hp-∂Xm-
? Xntcm[ kwhn[m\wsIm≠m
Wv. a\pjy icocØn¬ IS∂p
Wv.- k-v-ar-Xn-tIm-i-ß-fn¬- B-te-J-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´- A-dn-hp-I-fp-sS- t]-cn-e-√-
ssh-Imcn-I-am-b- k-ao-]-\-ß-fp-sS- t]-cn-em-Wv- A-√m-lp- a-\p-jy-sc- tNm-Zyw-
IqSp∂ tcmKmWp°sf sNdp
sN-øp-I.-
! ØptXm¬]n°p∂Xv icoc
Ønse {]Xntcm[ hyhkvY
D¬]mZn∏n°p∂ B≥dnt_m ? "a-X-Im-cy-Øn¬- \n-ß-fp-sS-ta¬- A-h≥- bm-sXm-cp- {]-bm-k-hpw- Np-a-Øn-bn-´n-
UnIfm ({]XnhkvXp°ƒ)Wv.
? Cu®bpsS Hcp NndIn¬ CØ
cØnep≈ Hcp {]XnhkvXp
√'- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- 22:-78¬- ]-d-bp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- 2:-214¬- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""ap≥- k-ap-Zm-
b-ß-ƒ- A-\p-`-hn-®-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- Zp-cn-X-ß-fpw- {]-bm-k-ß-fpw- A-\p-`-hn-°m-sX- kz¿-
K-Øn¬- {]-th-in-°m-sa-∂v- I-cp-Xn-tbm?''- C-h- ]-c-kv-]-c- hn-cp-≤-a-t√?-
hns≥d km∂n[yw D≠mIm C-eym-kv- Sn.-sI.- ]m-e-°m-gn-
! \p≈ km[yX X≈n°fbmhp
∂X√. hnhn[ ]mºpIfpsS
! a-Xw- F-∂- \n-eb - n¬- hn-iz-kn-°m-\pw- A-\p-jvT - n-°m-\pw- h¿-Pn-°m-\pw- A√m-
hnjØn\p≈ {]Xyu- j [w
? (B≥dnsh\w) D¬]mZn∏n°
s∏Sp∂Xv AtX hnjØnse
lp- hn-[n-®- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- a-\p-jy¿-°v- {]-bm-k-ap-≠m-°p-∂- bm-sXm-∂p-an-s√-
∂m-Wv- 22:-78 h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d hn-h-£.- \-a-kv-Im-c-hpw- kIm-Øpw- t\m-ºpw- lPv-
Ppw- Zp¿h-l-am-b- `m-c-a-√.- \n-∂v- \-a-kv-I-cn-°m≥- I-gn-bm-Ø-h-\v- C-cp-∂pw- AXn-
Nne LSI߃ th¿Xncns®Sp
\pw- I-gn-bm-Ø-h-\v- In-S-∂pw- \-a-kv-I-cn-°m≥- A-\p-hm-Zw- \¬-I-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.-
! Øn´mWv F∂ hkvXpXbpw
CØcpWØn¬ kv a cWob
amIp∂p.
Zcn-{Z-tcm- A-K-Xn-I-tfm- k-Im-Øv- \¬-tI-≠-Xn-√.- tcm-Kn-I-fpw- bm-{X-°m-cpw-
t\m-º-\p-jv-Tn-°m≥- _m-[y-kvY-c-√.- bm-{X ku-I-cy-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿- am-{X-sa- lPv-
Pv- sN-tø-≠-Xp≈q.-
?? s\-©n-s≥-d- D-≈n-ep-≈- lr-Z-
k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v- Po-hn-X- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬- t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂- sRcp-
°-ß-fm-Wv- 2:-214¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv.- Zm-cn-{Zyw,- tcm-Kw,- ]-cp-°v,- A]I-
bw- (J¬-_v-)- c-Iv-Xw- ]-ºv- sN-øp Sw,- F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ- ,- - B-{I-aW - ß- ƒ- Xp-Sß- n- ]-eX- pw- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- _m[n-
! ∂- H-cp- A-h-b-h-am-sW-∂-Xn¬-
kw-i-b-an-√.- ]-e-cp-sS-bpw- lr-Z-bw-
°mw.- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ-°pw- C-sXm-s°- kw-`-hn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- F-∂m¬-
k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- hn-]-co-X- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬- k-l-\-hpw- £-a-bpw- A-h-ew
am-‰n-sh-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- a-\p- _n-°p-I-bpw- A-√m-lp-thm-Sv- {]m¿-Yn-°p-I-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- ta¬- `c-ta¬-]n-°p-
? jy-s≥-d- \-∑X - n-∑I - s
- f- Xo-cp-am-\n-
°p-∂-Xn-epw- Nn-¥-bn-epw- lr-Z-b-
I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\m¬- A-h≥- A-h¿-°v- {]-Xn-^-ew- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- A-\p{K-
ln-°p-I-bpw-sN-øp-∂-Xm-Wv.- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- hn-]-co-X- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬-
Øn-\v- bm-sXm-cp- ]-¶p-an-√- F-∂- hn-£p-_v-[-cpw- B-i-b-‰-h-cp-am-bn-Øo-cpw.- G-Xv- hn-j-a-k-\v-[n-bn-epw- ssZ-hn-I-

! Xpw- hy-Iv-Xam-Wv.- F-∂m¬- Jp¿-

B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw-
A-h≥- s\-©p-I-fn-ep-≈-Xv- A-dn-
bp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p''- (11:-5),- ""\n-\°v-
? \n-s≥-d- lr-Zb - w- \mw- hn-im-ea- m°n-
Ø∂n-t√?''- (94:-1).- Cu- B-i-b-ap-
k-lm-bØ - n¬- {]-Xo-£b - ¿-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- £-am-]q¿-hw- ap-t∂m-´v- \o-ßm≥- kXy-
hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v- {]-tNm-Z-\-ta-Ip-I-bm-Wv 2:-214 h-N-\w- sN-ø-p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-s≥-d-
]q¿-W-am-b- ]-cn-`m-j- t\m-°p-I-:- ""A-√,- \n-ß-fp-sS- ap-ºv- I-gn-™p-t]m-b-h¿-
(hn-iz-mk
- n-Iƒ-)°- p-≠m-bX - p-t]m-ep-≈- A-\p-`h- ß- ƒ- \n-߃ - °- pw- h-s∂-ØmsX
\n-߃-°v- kz¿-K-Øn¬- {]-th-in-°m-\m-Ip-sa-∂v- \n-߃- [-cn-®n-cn-°-bm-tWm?-
{]-bm-k-ß-fpw- Zp-cn-X-ß-fpw- A-h-sc- _m-[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 21

k-lm-bw- F-t∏m-gm-bn-cn-°pw- F- ¬- A-h¿- H-Øp-tN¿-∂-t∏mƒ- A-_q-P-l¬- Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈- Nn-e- {]-ap-J¿- ap-

? ∂v- A-h-cn-se- ssZ-h-Zq-X-\pw A-
t±-l-tØm-sSm-∏w- hn-iz-kn-®-
hcpw- ]-d™ - p-t]m-Ip-am-dv- A-h¿-
l-Ω-Zn-s\- sIm-√p-I-X-s∂- th-W-sa-∂v- i-Tn-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- a-°-bnse-
Hm-tcm- D-]-tKm-{X-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- I-cp-Ø-cm-b- Hm-tcm- bp-hm-°ƒ- ap-t∂m-´p-h-∂v-
F-√m-hcpw-Iq-Sn- H-∂n-®v- sh-´n-s°m-√-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- A-h-cp-sS- \n¿-tZ-iw.-

! hn-d-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
F-∂m¬- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- k
lm-bw- A-Sp-Øp-X-s∂-bp-≠v''.-
A-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-h¿- \-_n- (r)-bp-sS- ho-Sv- h-f-™- k-a-b-Øv- A-√m-lp-hns≥d-
\n¿-tZ-i-{]-Im-cw- A-h-cp-sS- t\¿-°v- H-cp- ]n-Sn- a-Æp-hm-cn-sb-dn-™p-sIm-≠v-
A-h-cp-sS- I-Æn¬- s]-Sm-sX- A-t±-l-w- A-hn-sS-\n-∂v- c-£-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-
b-Xv.- Xp-S¿-∂v- aq-∂p-Zn-h-kw- A-t±-l-hpw- A-_q-_-°-dpw- (t)-Iq-Sn- H-cp- Kp-l
? Po-hn-Xw- ap-gp-h≥- kp-J-hpw-
B-\-µ-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw- F-∂- an bn¬- H-fn-®n-cp-∂- ti-jw- H-cp- h-gn-Im-´n-bp-sS- k-lm-bt- Øm-sS- a-Zo-\b
t®¿-∂p.-
- n¬- FØn-
Yym-[m-cW- b - n¬- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-

!
Iƒ- I-gn-™p-Iq-S-cp-sX-∂pw- ] A-t∏mƒ- i-{Xp-°ƒ- \-_n- (r)-sb- t\-cn-´v- Xp-c-Øn-tbm-Sn-°p-I-tbm- ]p-d
cp-°≥- bm-Ym¿-Yy-ß-fp-am-bn- Øm-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-´n-s√-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-Wv.- A-h-cp-sS- h-[-{i-a-Øn¬-\n-∂v-
£-am-]q¿-h-w- s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-´p- c-£-s∏-Sm≥- th-≠n- A-t±-lw- kz-bw- ]p-d-Øv- t]m-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.- kzbw-
t]m-Im≥- A-h¿- k-∂≤ - c- m-IW
- - ]p-d-Øp-t]m-Im≥- A-h-cp-sS- \-S-]-Sn- A-t±-l-sØ- \n¿-_-\v-[n-X-\m-°n-Øo¿-
? sa-∂pw- G-Xv- {]-Xn-k\ - v[
- n-bn-epw-
\n-cm-im-`-c-n-X-cm-Im-sX- A-√m-
Øp- F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn¬- A-h¿- A-t±-l-sØ- ]p-d-Øm-°n-F-∂v- ]-d-bm-hp-∂-
Xm-sW-∂v- am-{Xw.- F-∂m¬- \-_n- (r)-s°-Xn-cn¬- B-Xy-¥n-I- \-S-]-Sn- th-W-
lp-hn-s≥-d- k-lm-bØ - n¬- {]-Xo- sa-∂v- i-Tn-®-h¿ -a-°-bn¬- i-cm-i-cn- B-bp-t m-sS- Po-hn-®p- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv-

! £-b¿-∏n-°-W-sa-∂pw- ]-Tn-∏n-
°p-∂- Cu kq-Iv-Xw,- a-Xw- H-cp-
sR-cp-°-ap-≈- Im-cy-a-s√-∂v-hy-
? Iv-X-am-°p-∂- kq-Iv-X-Øn-\v- hn-
cp-≤-a-√.-
i-cn-b-√.- A-h-cn¬- A-t\-Iw- t]¿- A-Sp-Øp-\-S-∂- _-Z¿- bp-≤-Øn-epw- a-‰p Ip-
sd-t]¿- ]n-∂o-Sv- \-S-∂- bp-≤-ß-f-n-epw- sIm-√-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.- h-f-sc-
t]¿-°v- ]-cn-t°¬-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-_q-P-l¬- Dƒ-s∏-sS- ]-e- _-≤-ssh-
cn-I-fpw- _-Z-dn¬-X-s∂- sIm-√-s∏-´p.-
A-Sp-Ø- kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-Xv- ]q¿-h {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- (A-h-cp-
sS- \m-´p-Im-cp-sS-bpw)- Im-cy-Øn¬- D-≠m-b- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- \-S-]-Sn-I-sf- kw-

!? Jp¿-B≥- 17:-76¬- ]-d-bp-∂p:-

""Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- A-h¿- \n-s∂- \m´n
_-\v-[n-®m-Wv.- ]q¿-h- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬- F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw- \m-´p-Im¿- ]q¿-W-am-
bn- \-in-∏n-°-s∏-´p- F-∂v- Jp¿-B-\n¬- \n-∂v- {K-ln-°m-hp-∂-X-√.- I-Sp-Ø- AXn-
{I-a-Im-cn-Iƒ- am-{Xw- ssZ-hn-I-in-£-°v- hn-t[-b-cm-b- kw-`-h-ß-fpw- Jp¿B\n¬-
¬-\n-∂v- hn-c-´n- Hm-Sn-°p-hm≥- H-cp-
? ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-s∂- A-hn-sS-
\n-∂v- ]p-d-Øm-°p-I-b-s{X- A-h
]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.- ]-e-Im-e-Øpw- C-{kmCu-ey-cp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- C-XmWv-
kw-`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.- C-kv-am-Cu-ey-cp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-epw- A-√m-lphn-s≥-d- \-S-]-Sn-
A-Xp-t]m-se-bm-hp-I- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Ip-∂p.-
cp-sS- e-£yw.- F-¶n¬- \n-s≥-d- (]p

! d-Øm-°-en-\p)-ti-jw- Ip-d-®p-Im-e-
a-√m-sX- A-h¿- Xm-a-kn-°n-√''.- ap
a-°-bn¬- \-_n- (r)-sb- h-[n-°-W-sa-∂v- i-Tn-®-h¿-°v- ]p-d-sa- A-t±-l-tØmSv-
k-am-[m-\-]q¿hw- k-l-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂-h-cpw,- c-l-ky-am-bn- C-kv-emw- B-t«-jn-
®-h-cpw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- kp-c-£n-X-
l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- a-°-bn¬-\n-∂v- ]p-d-
kt¶-X-am-bn-cn-t°-≠- ]-cn-ip-≤- l-dw- a-°-bn-em-b-Xp-sIm-≠pw- A-Xn-{I-a-Imcn-
? Øm-b-ti-j-hp-w- A-t±-l-sØ- ]p
d-Øm-°n-b-h¿- A-hn-sS- km-[m-c
If-√m-Ø- \n-hm-kn-I-ƒ- A-hn-sS- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Imw- A-√m-lp- a°-
bn¬- k-aq-e-am-b- in-£- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-X-n-cp-∂-Xv.-
W- B-bp-t m-sS- Po-hn-®n-t√?- Xp-

!
S¿-∂v- A-Sp-Ø- kq-IvX - Ø- n¬- ]d-
™-Xp-{]-Im-cw-a-‰v- k-aq-l-ß-sf-
_m-[n-®- h≥-in-£- A-hs - c- _m[n-
? ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- (r)-°v- 23 h¿-j-°m-e-tØm-fw- A-√m-lp-hn-¶¬-\n-∂v- Zn-h-y-k-tµ-
iw- h-gn- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- A¬-]m¬-]-am-bn- A-h-Xo¿-W-am-bn- F-∂v- ]d-b-s∏-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-√-t√m.- C-sXm- Sp-∂p.- F∂m¬- "A-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-hn¬'- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p- F∂v- Jp¿-B≥-
? ∂v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°m-tam?- H-∂n-e-[n-Iw- kv-Y-e-ß-fn¬- ]-d-bp-∂p.- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- {]-Xo-£n-°p∂p.-

!
tUm.- _-jo¿,- ap-°w.- ss^-k¬- \q-d-Wn-,- ]m-e-°m-Sv-
a-°-bn-ep-≈-h-sc-√mw-Iq-Sn- H-
! ∂n-®p-tN¿-∂v- \-_n-(r)-sb- Ahn-
sS- \n-∂v- Xp-c-Øn-tbm-Sn-°p-I-
! A-¥n-a-th-Z-{K-\v-Yw- D-]-cn-tem-I-Øv- \n-∂v- `q-an-bn-te-°v- C-d-°p-I- A-Y-hm-
A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I- F-∂- a-l-Øm-b- {]-{In-b-°v- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-°-s∏-´-Xv- "sse-
F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- i-{Xp-°-fn¬-
e-Øp¬- J-Zv¿'- F-∂- A-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-hn-em-Wv.- A-Xn-s≥-d- hn-hn-[- `m-K-߃-
? ]-e-cp-sS-bpw- D-t±-iyw.- F-∂m¬-
Zm-dp-∂Z- vh
- - (B-tem-N\ - m-k` - )bn
{]-k-Iv-X-am-b- k-µ-¿-`-ß-fn¬- \-_n-(r)-°v- tIƒ-]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I- F-∂- Imcy-
am-Wv- 23 h-¿-j-°m-e-Øn-\p-≈n¬- \-S-∂-Xv.-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 22

{In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn-se- {]-[m-\- c-≠v- B tLm-j-ß-fm-Wv- {In-kv-a-kpw- Cu-kv-‰-dpw.- Cu- B-tLm-j-

߃-°v- ss_-_nƒ- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-I-tbm- tb-ip-thm- X-s≥-d- A-\p-N-c-∑m-tcm-
A-h- B-tLm-jn-°p-I-tbm- B-N-cn-°p-I-tbm- a-‰p-≈-h-sc- A-Xn-\v-
t{]-cn-∏n-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-´n-√.-

Cu-kv-‰-dpw-
{In-kv-Xp-aX-hpw-
ap-l-Ω-Z-en- am-kv-‰¿

-lq-Z-a-Xhp-w {In-kv-Xp-a-Xhp-w, C-kv- bm-Wv.-

b emw-a-Xhp-w {]-_-eam-b-- aq-∂v- sk-

an-‰n-Iv- a-X-ß-fm-Wv-.- Cu- a-X-ß-fn¬-
{]-tX-y-Iw- {]tXy-Iw- B-tLm-j-ß-fpw- B-
Nm-c-ß-fpw- A-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v.- s]-k-l,-
s]-¥-t°-m-kv-Xp- s]-cp-∂mƒ,- Iq-Sm-c-s]-cp-
∂mƒ,- {]-Xn-jv-tTm-Xv-k-hw A-Y-hm- {]-Im-i-
Xn-cp-∂mƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- b-lq-Z-cp-sS- B-tLm-
j-ß-fm-Wv.- A-Xp-t]m-se- A-h-cp-sS- {]-[m-\-
c-≠v- B-Nm-c-ß-fm-Wv- i-∫-Øpw- ]-cn-tO-Z-\-
hpw.- Cu- B-tLm-j-߃-°pw- B-Nm-c-߃-
°pw- ss_-_nƒ- km-£yw-h-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.-
IqSm-sX- C-h- tb-ip- B-tL-m-jn-®-Xm-bpw-
BN-cn-®-Xm-bpw- th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw- tc-J-s∏-
SpØp-∂p-ap-≠v.-
C-kv-em-an¬- c-≠v- B-tLm-j-߃- am{X-
ta-bp-≈q-; Cu-Zp¬- ^nXzv-¿-,- Cu-Zp¬- AZ-v-l.-
A-Xp-t]m-se- C-kv-em-an-se- kp-{]-[m-\-am-b-
H-cp- B-Nm-ca - m-Wv- ]-cn-tO-Z\ - w.- ]-cn-ip-≤- Jp¿-
B-\p- w- \-_n-Nc - y-bpw- Cu- B-tLm-jß - ƒ°pw-
B-Nm-c-Øn-\pw- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂p≠v.-
{In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn-se- {]-[m-\- c-≠v- B
tLm-jß - f - m-Wv- {In-kva - k
- pw- Cu-kv‰ - d
- pw.- Cu-
B-tLm-j-߃-°v- ss_-_nƒ- km-£yw- h-
ln-°p-I-tbm- tb-ip-thm- X-s≥-d- A-\p-N-c-∑m-
tcm- A-h- B-tLm-jn-°p-I-tbm- B-N-cn-°p-
I-tbm- a-‰p-≈h - s - c- A-Xn-\v- t{]-cn-∏n-°p-It- bm-
sN-bv-Xn-´n-√.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\pw- \q-‰m-≠pIƒ-°p-
ti-jw- hn-Pm-Xo-b- a-X-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- I-S-∂p-
Iq-Sn-b- B-tL-mj - ß - f- m-Wv- C-hs - b-∂X-v- ss_-
_nƒ- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-X-s∂- k-Ω-Xn-°p-I-bpw-
Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- H-cp- h-kvXpX
Cu-kv-‰¿-
ss{I-kv-X-h-X-bn-se- ASn-kvYm-\- B-
tLm-j-ß-fn¬- H-∂m-Wv- Cu-kv-‰¿.- {In-kv-Xp-
hn-s≥-d- D-bn¿-∏v- Xn-cp-∂mƒ- F-∂pw- Cu- B-
tLm-j-sØ- ]-d-™p-h-cp-∂p.- a-\p-jy-cp-sS-
]m-]-߃-°p-th-≠n- {In-kv-Xp- Ip-cn-in¬-a-cn-
®v- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰p- F-∂- ]m-c-º-cy-am-b- hn
izm-ka - m-Wv- Cu- B-tLm-jØ - n-s≥-d- Im-X¬.-
Zo¿-L-am-b- s\m-b-ºv-, ]o-U-m-\p-`-hm-gv-N-sØ-
B-Nm-cß - ƒ,-- s]-kl - ,- Zpx-Js - h-≈n,- Zpx-Ji
- \n
bm-Nc - W
- w- Xp-Sß - n-bh - - C-Xn-s≥-d- H-cp- `mKamWv.-
\n-e-hn-ep-≈- \m-ev- kp-hn-ti-j-߃- ]-
cn-tim-[n-®m¬- D-bn¿-∏p-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- IY-
]-c-kv-]-c-hn-cp-≤-am-bn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bn-
Im-Wmw.- "D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]v- H-cp- an-Y-y'-
F∂- te-J-\-Øn¬-˛kv-t\-l-kw-hm-Zw,- 2002
H-Iv-tSm-_¿,- t]-Pv- 34˛ A-Xv- k-a¿-Y-n-®n-´p-≠v.-
H-cp- hym-gm-gv-N- Zn-h-kw- s]-k-lm-N-c-W-Øn-
\p-ti-jw- K-Xv-sk-a-\m- tXm-´-Øn¬-sh-®v- H‰p-
Im-c-\m-b- bq-Zm-kn-s≥-d- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- {In-
kv-Xp-hn-s\- X-S-hn-em-°n.- tdm-am-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn-I-fpw- b-lq-Z- {]-am-Wn-am-cpw- tN¿-∂v- A-t±-
l-sØ- {Iq-c-am-bn- ]o-Un-∏n-®-ti-jw-- H-cp-
sh≈n-bm-gv-N- Zn-h-kw- {Iq-in-°p-I-bpw- A-∂p-
X-s∂- A-S-°p-I-bpw- aq-∂mw- Zn-h-kw- Rm-b-
dm-gv-N- A-Xn-cm-hn-se- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-°p-
I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- C-Xm-Wv- D-bn¿-∏p-am-bn- _-\v-
[-s∏-´- I-Y-bp-sS- Np-cp-°w.- C-Ø-cw- I-Y-Iƒ-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-\pw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°p-ap-ºp-X-s∂-
{]m-Ir-X- a-X- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- \n-e-\n-
∂n-cp-∂X - m-bn- N-cn-{Xw- ]-cn-tim-[n-®m¬- I-s≠-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- I-Tn-\-am-bn- ]o-U-n-∏n-°p-I-bpw- {Iq-in-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-Xv- H-cp- sh-≈n-
bm-gv-N- Zn-h-k-am-Wv- F-∂- hn-izm-k-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ss{I-kv-X-h¿-
B- Zn-h-k-sØ- Zpx-J-sh-≈n-bm-bn- B-N-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p.-
Øm≥- I-gn-bpw.-
tem-I-Øp-≈- ss{I-kv-X-h-sc-√mw- H-tc- Zn-h-k-a-√-
Cu-kv-‰¿- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv.- H-t∂m- \m-tem- A-t©m-
B-gv-N-Iƒ- ssh-In- Cu-kv-‰¿- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂- hn-`m-K-
߃- ss{I-kvX - h - ¿-°n-Sb - n-ep-≠v.- F-tXym-]y,- Cu-Pn-]vXv,-
d-jy,- {Ko-kv,- _ƒ-tK-dn-b,- D-ss{I≥,- tPm¿-Pn-b,- S¿-°n,-
C-{km-tb¬- Xp-S-ßn-b- cm-Py-ß-fn-se- G-I-tZ-iw- 15 tIm-
Sn-tbm-fw-h-cp-∂- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- an-°-h¿-j-hpw- H-t∂m- \m-
tem- A-t©m- B-gv-N- ssh-In-bm-Wv- C-Xv- B-tLm-jn-°p-
∂-Xv.- an-°- Hm¿-Ø-tUm-Iv-kv- k-`-I-fpw- Nn-e- cm-Pyß-
fn¬- I-tØm-en-°-cpw- P-q-en-b≥- I-e-≠¿- {]-Im-cw- Cu-
kv-‰¿- Xo-b-Xn- \n-iv-N-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- Im-c-Ww.- a-‰p-≈-
h¿- {Kn-tKm-dn-b≥- I-e-≠¿- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-°n- Cu-kv-‰¿-
B-tLm-jn-°p-∂p.- {In-kv-a-kv- B-tLm-j-Øn-\pw- C-Xp-
t]m-se- Xo-bX - n- hy-Xym-ka - p-≠v.- tI-cf - Ø
- n-se- kpdn-bm\n-
k-`-I-fpw- 1952h-sc- ]-g-b-co-Xn- {]-Im-c-am-Wv- Cu-kv-‰¿-
B-tLm-jn-®ncp-∂X - v.- Xr-iq¿- B-kvY - m-\a - m-bp-≈- I¬Zm-
b-k-`- 1995¬- {Kn-tKm-dn-b≥- I-e-≠¿- k-zo-I-cn-®-tXm-sS-
C-¥y-bn¬- an-°-hm-dpw- F-√m- ss{I-kv-X-h-cpw- H-tc-Zn-h-
kw-X-s∂- Cu-kv-‰-dpw- {In-kv-akpw- B-tLm-jn-®p-h-cm-dp-
≠v.- A-]q¿-h-am-bn- tem-I-Øp-≈- ss{Ikv-X-h¿- H-cp-an-®v
Cu-kv-‰¿- B-tL-m-jn-®p-h-cm-dp-≠v.- ]-Xn-s\m-∂p-h¿-j
߃-°p-ti-jw- 2001 G{]nen¬ tem-I-Øp-≈- ss{I-kv-
X-h¿- ap-gp-h-\pw- H-cp-an-®v- Cu-kv-‰¿- B-tLm-jn-®p.- C-\n-
C-Xv 2004 G-{]n¬- 11\m-W-v.-
am¿-®v- 21t\m- A-Xn-\p-ti-j-tam- h-cp-∂- ]u¿-W-an-
bp-sS- ]n-t‰- Rm-b-dm-gv-N-bm-Wv- Cu-kv-‰¿.- Cu- ]u¿-W-
an,- Rm-b-dm-gv-N- h-∂m¬- Cu-kv-‰¿- A-Xn-\-Sp-Ø- Rm-b-
dm-gv-N-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- kq-cy≥- `q-a-[y-tc-J-°v- t\¿-ap-I-fn¬-
h-cp-∂- Zn-h-k-am-Wv- am¿-®v- 21-.- A-Xm-Wv- B- Zn-h-k-Øn-
s≥-d- {]-tXy-I-X.- {]m-Ir-X- a-X-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- Cu- Znh-
k-sØ- tZ-h-∑m-cp-sS- tZ-h-\m-b- kq-cy-`-K-hm-s≥-d- ]p-\¿-
Zn-\-am-bn- A-Y-hm- D-bn¿-∏v˛Xn-cp-˛Zn-\-am-bn- I-W-°m-°n.-
Cu- h¿-jw- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- Cu-kv-‰¿- sIm-≠m-Sp-∂-Xv-
G{]n¬- 20˛mw- Xo-b-Xn-bm-Wv.- Im-c-Ww-,- am¿-®v- 21 I-gn-
™p-≈- ]u-¿-W-an- G-{]n¬- 16 _p-[-\m-gv-N-bm-Wv.- ]u¿-
W-an-I-gn-™p-≈- A-Sp-Ø- Rm-b-dm-gv-N- G-{]n¬- 20˛mw-
Xo-b-Xn-bm-Wv.-
C-u-kv-‰¿- s\m-b-ºv-
hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- Cu-kv‰ - d
- n-\v- sXm-´p-ap-ºp-≈- 50 Zn-hk-
ß-fn-em-bn- s\m-b-ºv- A-\p-jv-T-n-°p-∂p.- ap-kv-enw-I-fpw- b
lq-Z-cpw- A-\p-jv-T-n-°p-∂- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- {hXa√ C-X-v .----
aXv-kyw,- amw-kw,- ]m¬ F∂o hninjvS `£yhkv
Xp°ƒ Hgnhm°p∂p. Cu Iq´Øn¬- a-Zyw- H-gn-hm-°p∂-
h-cpw- tk-hn-°p-∂-h-cpap-≠v.- a-‰p- `-£-W-ßfpw- ]m-\o-
b-ßfpw- G-Xv- k-a-b-Øpw- I-gn-°mw.-
23
Cu-kv-‰-dn-\v- ap-ºp-≈- aq-∂v- Zn-h-k-߃- s]-k-l-
hym-gw-,- Zpx-J-sh-≈n-,- Zpx-J-i-\n- F-∂- t]-cp-I-fn¬- A-dn
b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Cu- Zn-h-k-ß-sf- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- `-Iv-Xn-]p-
c cw- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.-
s]-k-l- hym-gw-
Cu-Pn-]v-X-n¬-\n-∂v- C{km-tb-¬- P-\-X-sb- tam-im-
{]-hm-N-I≥- hm-Kv-Z-Ø- `q-an-bn-te-°v- Iq-´n-s°m-≠p-t]mb-
Zn-\-Øn-s≥-d- -kv-a-c-W- ]p-Xp-°¬- F-∂- \n-e-°v- blqZ¿-
B-N-cn-®p-h-cp-∂- H-cp- B-Nm-c-am-Wv- s]-k-l.- ss{I-kv-X-
h-X- C-Xn-s\- ss{I-kv-X-h-h¬-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v- Ip-cn-in¬-
a-cn-°p-hm≥- t]m-Ip-∂- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- H-cp-°-\m-fm-bn-
]-cn-W-an-∏n-®p.- N¿-®-p-I-fn¬- s]-k-lm- Zn-\-Øn¬- ap-gp-
h≥- Zn-\- {]m¿-Y\ - - ]-Xn-hm-Wv.- P-]a- m-eI
- f- pw- a-‰v- {]m¿Y\-
I-fpw- C-Xn¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p.- ]p-cm-X-\- tdm-a≥- I-tØm-
en-Iv-kn¬- ]-{¥-≠p-a-Wn- B-cm-[-\- F-∂- t]-cn¬- C-Xv-
{i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- A-t∂-Zn-h-kw- ssh-Ip-t∂-cw- ]p-fn-∏n-√m-
Ø- A-∏-Øn-s≥-d- {]-Xo-I-am-bn- Ip-cn-i-∏-hpw- (A-cn-am-hv-
sIm-≠p-≠m-°n-b- A-∏-Øn-\v- ap-I-fn¬- Ip-c-n-iv- B-Ir-
Xn-bn¬- H cp- Hm-e° - j- vW
- w-˛Ip-cn-tim-e˛- sI-´n-sh-°p-∂p)-
.- Ip-™m-Sn-s≥-d- c-Iv-X-Øn-s≥-d- {]-Xo-I-am-bn- H-cp-X-cw-
a-[p-c- ]-m-\o-b-hpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- `-Iv-X-P-\-
߃- X-ß-fp-sS- ` h-\-ß-fn¬- F-Øn- C-tX- I¿aw- B-
h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.-
Zpx-J-sh-≈n-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- I-Tn-\-am-bn- ]o-U-n-∏n-°p-I-bpw- {Iq-
in-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-Xv- H-cp- sh-≈n-bm-gv-N- Zn-h-k-am-Wv-
F-∂- hn-izm-k-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ss{I-kv-X-
h¿- B- Zn-h-k-sØ- Zpx-J-sh-≈n-bm-bn- B-N-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p.-
A-t∂-Zn-h-kw- cm-hn-se- N¿-®p-I-fn¬- "Ip-cn-in-s≥-d- h-gn'-
F-∂- {]-tXy-I- {]m¿-Y-\- D-≠m-hm-dp-≠v.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\-
bq-Zm-kv- H-‰n-s°-m-Sp-°p-∂-Xv- ap-X¬- D-∞m-\w- h-sc-bp-≈-
Im-cy-߃- A-\p-kv-a-cn-°p-∂- {i-t≤-b-am-b- H-cp- B-Nm-c-
am-Wn-Xv.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- a-c-W-sØ- Hm¿-Øv- hn-e-]n-°p-
∂- hn-izm-kn-Is - f- A-t∂-cw- N¿-®p-If - n¬- Im-Wmw,- {]tXy-
In-®v- kv-{Xo-I-sf.- A-∂v- ]-e- {In-kv-Xo-b- `-h-\-ß-fn-epw-
H-cp- t\-c-ta- `-£-Ww- D-≠m-°m-dp-≈q.- A-an-X-am-b- kw`m-
j-W-ß-fn-epw-- a-‰pw- ap-gp-Im-sX- {]m¿-Y-\-bn¬- Ign-™p-
Iq-Sp-∂p.- ssZ-h- ]p-{X-s\- h-[n-®- Zn-\w- F-∂-X-s{X- C-Xn
\v- Im-c-Ww.- Cu- Zn-h-k-am-Wv- a-e-bm-‰q-cn-epw- a-‰pw- `-Iv-X-
P-\-߃- Ip-cn-ip-ta-¥n- a-e-I-b-‰w- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv.- C-Xp-ap-
tJ-\- ]m-]-tam-N-\w- e-`n-°p-sa-∂- hn-izm-k-am-Wv- C-Xn\-
Sn-kv-Ym-\w.- Nn-e- {]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- Cu- Zn-h-kw- k-\v-[y-
Ign-™v- ap-dn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ- Im-WØ - ° - hn-[Ø - n¬- {In-kX v- phn-
s≥-d- cq-]w- ˛{]-Xn-a-˛ H-cp- a-©-en¬- In-S-Øn- {]-Z-£nWw-
sh-°m-dp-≠v.- `-Iv-X-P-\-߃- Cu- ap-dn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ-I-≠v- \n¿
hr-Xn-sIm-≈p-∂p.-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
_m_ntemWnb≥ tZhXbmb Ckv‰m¿ tZhnbn¬\n∂pamWv Cukv‰¿ F∂ ]Zw cq]w
sIm≠Xv........ CkvXmdpw XΩqkpambn _\v[s∏´ CXnlmkØn¬ \n∂pamWv C∂v
ss{IkvXh¿ BtLmjn®phcp∂ Cukv‰dns≥d DXv`hw.
Zpx-J-i-\n-
Zpx-J-sh-≈n-bp-sS- F-√m- B-Nm-c-ß-fpw- {]m¿-Y-\I-
fpw- Cu- Zn-h-k-hpw- \-S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p;-- Ip-cn-ip-ta-¥n-bp-≈-
bm-{X-sbm-gn-sI-.- Cu- Zn-\-Øn-s≥-d- a-s‰m-cp- {]-tXy-I-X-
]-cn-ip≤- P-ew- (Holy water) N¿-®n¬-\n-∂pw- `-Iv-X-P-\-
߃-°v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- ]p-Xn-b- hm-l-\w-,-
]p-Xn-b- `-h-\w- t]m-ep-≈-- ]p-Xn-b-h- A-∂v- "sh-©-cn-°m'-
-d-p≠v-.- (Holy water ]p-Xn-b- hm-l-\-Øn-epw-- `-h-\-Øn-epw-
a-‰pw- Nn-e- a-{¥-ß-tfm-sS- ]p tcm-ln-X≥- sX-fn-°p-∂- {]-
{In-b-bm-Wv- "sh©-cn-°¬'--).- ]g b- h-o-Spw- hm-l-\-hpw-
a-‰pw- C ß-s\- h¿-jm-h¿-jw- sh-≈w- sX-fn-®v- ]p-Xn-b-
Xm-°m-dp-≠v.- A-∂-v `-Iv-X-P-\-߃- A-h-cp sS- B-h-
iym¿-Yw- ]-cn-ip-≤-P ew- `-h-\-ß-fn-te-°v- sIm-≠p-t]m-
Ip-∂p.- A-t∂-Zn-h-kw- cm hn-se- N¿-®n¬- I-bv-]p-P-ew-
`Iv-X¿-°v- \¬-Im-dp-≠v.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- I-bv-]p-P-ew- Ip-cn-
in¬-sh-®v- sIm-Sp-Ø-Xn-s≥-d- Hm¿a-]p-Xp-°-em-Wn-X-.v- Cu-
Zn-h-k Øn¬- N¿-®p-I-fn¬- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\p-th-≠n- i-h-°-
√-d-Iƒ- ]Wn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
D-bn¿-∏v- R-m-b¿-
a-cn-®v- A-S-°-s∏-´- {In-kv-Xp- aq-∂mw- Zn-h-kw- (Rmb
dm-gN-v )- A-Xn-cm-hn-se- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰p-sh-∂X - m-W-v Dbn¿-
∏v- Rm-b-dn-s≥d-- {]-tXy-I-X.- F-√m- N¿-®p-I-fn-epw- A-t∂-
Zn-h-kw- ]p-e-cp-∂-X-n-\v- h-f-sc-ap-ºv-˛G-I-tZ-iw- aq-∂p-aWn
°v-˛`-Iv-X-P-\-߃- H-Øp-Iq-Sp-I-bpw- ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp-sS-
ta¬-t\m-´-Øn¬- {]-tXy-I- Ip¿-_m-\-I-fn-epw- {]m¿-Y-\-
I-fn-epw- ap-gp-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Nn-e-bn-S-ß-fn¬- N¿-
®p-If - n¬- i-h° - √ - d
- b
- n¬-\n-∂pw- {In-kvX - p-- D-∞m-\w- sNøp-
∂- cw-Kw- \m-S-Io-b-am-bn- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.- X-ß-fpsS-
ssZ-h-]p-{X≥- a-c-W-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰p-sh-
∂- k-t¥m-j-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw- `-Iv-X-P-\-߃.- A-tXmsS-
A-º-Xv- Zn-h-k-am-bn- X-߃ A-\p-jv-Tn-®p-h-∂ s\mbºn-
s≥-d- ]-cn-k-am-]v-Xn- Ip-dn-°p-I-bpw- Cu-kv-‰¿- k-t¥m-j-
tØm-sS- B-tL-m-jn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
Zpx-J-sh-≈n-bpw- Good Friday bpw-
a-eb- m-fn-Is - f- kw-_\ - v[
- n-®n-St- Øm-fw- Zpx-JØ - n-s≥d-
Zn-h-k-hpw- Cw-•o-jp-Im-sc- kw-_-\v-[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- \-
s√mcp- Zn-hk - hpw- F-∂m-tWm- C-Xn-s≥-d- A¿-Yw?-- hn-Nn{X-
am-b- c-≠v- hym-Jym-\-ß-fm-Wv- C-Xn-\p-≈-Xv.- -(1)- h-f-sc-
b-[n-Iw- ]o-U\ - ß- ƒ- k-ln-®v- Ip-cn-in¬- Xo-{h-th-Z\
sS- {In-kv-Xp- c-Iv-Xw- Nn-¥n- a-cn-®-Xn-s≥-d- kv-a-c-W- F-∂-
\n-e-°v- B- Zn-h-kw- Zpx-J-sh-≈n-bm-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂p.-
(2)- X-ß-fp-sS- k¿-h-]m-]-߃°pw-th-≠n- ]o-U-\-߃-
k-ln-®v- {In-kv-Xp- Ip-cn-in¬- c-Iv-Xw- Nn-¥n- a-cn-®p.- A-ß
s\- a-cn-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- X-ß-fp-sS- ]m-]-߃- am
™v- t]m-hp-Ib - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xp- sIm≠v- X-ßf
]-߃- I-gp-In°-f-™ Zn-\-am-b- sh-≈n-bm-gv-N-sb- "\-√-
24
sh-≈n-bm-gv-N'- A-Y-hm- Good Friday B-bn- B-N-cn-
°p∂p.-
Zpx-J-_p-[-t\m- Zpx-J-sh-≈n-tbm?
{InkvXphns\ {Iq-in-®- Zn-h-k-sØ-bpw- k-a-b-sØ-
bpw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- kp-hn-ti-j-I¿- ]-c-kv-]-c- hn-cp-≤-ambn-
´m-Wv- tc-Js- ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- v.- tbm-l∂
- m≥- ]-db - p∂-
Xv- _p-[-\m-gv-N- ssh-Ip-t∂-cw- aq-∂p-a-Wn-°v- {Iq-in-®p-
F∂m-Wv- (tbm-l- 19:-14˛18).- F-∂m¬- kw-ln-X- kp-hnti-
j-I-cm-b- a-Øm-bn-bpw- am¿-t°m-kpw- eq-t°m-kpw- kwbp-
Iv-X-am-bn- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- sh-≈n-bm-gv-N- D-®-°v- 12 a-Wn-°v-
{Iq-in-®p-sh-∂p-a-m-Wv.- (2002 sk-]v-Xw-_-dn-se- kv-t\-l-
kw-hm-Z-Øn-se- "{Iq-io-I-c-Ww- H-cp- an-Yy'- F-∂- te-J-\-
Øn-se- "{Iq-in-®Xv- _p-[-\m-gv-N-tbm- sh-≈n-bm-gv-N-tbm?'-
F-∂- `m-Kw-,- t]-Pv- 35 t\m-°p-I-).- ss{I-kv-X-h-cm-I-s´,-
tbm-l-∂m-s≥-d- A-`n-{]m-b-sØ- ]m-sS- A-h-K-Wn-®p-
sIm≠v- kw-bp-Iv-X- kp-hn-ti-I-cp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-am-sW-
Sp--Øn-´p-≈-Xv.-
_m_ntemWnb≥ tZhXbmb Ckv‰m¿ tZhn
bn¬\n∂pamWv Cukv‰¿ F∂ ]Zw cq]wsIm≠Xv.
Ckv‰mdns\ kw_\v[n®v \nch[n sFXnly߃ C∂v
\nehnep≠v. Ahbn¬ {][m\ c≠v sFXnlyßfmWv
Ckv‰m¿ tZhnbpw Kn¬Kmtajv cmPmhpw apJy IYm]m
{Xambp≈ CXnlmkhpw Ckv‰m¿tZhnbpw XΩqkv
tZh\pw apJy IYm]m{Xambp≈ CXnlmkhpw. Ckv
Xmdpw XΩqkpambn _\v [ s∏´ CXnlmkØn¬
\n∂pamWv C∂v ss{IkvXh¿ BtLmjn®phcp∂
Cukv‰dns≥d DXv`hw.
Ckv‰mdpw Kn¬Kmtajpw
bq{^´okv \ZoXocØv Is≠Ønb Ifna¨- ^e
Ißfn¬˛5000 h¿ja∏pdap≈˛ temIsØ {]mNo\
CXnlmkamWv Kn¬Kmtajv cmPmhns≥dbpw Ckv‰m¿
tZhnbpsSbpw t]cnep≈ \£{XßfpsS CXnlmkw.
bp≤hoc\mb Kn¬Kmtajv cmPmhnt\mSv {]Wbhpw
cXnbpw tNmZn®v ]cmPnXbmb Ckv‰mdns≥d {]XnImc
IYbmWnXv.
cmPm°∑mcn¬ AXnt{ijv-T≥, cq]`mhßfn¬
CuizcXpey≥, Ah\mWv Kn¬Kmtajv. Ddq-°n¬ (C∂
sØ CdmJn¬) P\n®h≥, sImºp≈ Im´pImfsb
- t- bm- t]mse iIv X ≥..... Ahs≥d aq- ∂ n¬ c≠p`mKw
ssZhhpw aq∂nsemcp `mKw a\pjy\pw,- almtZhX
Ahs≥d icocw cq]I¬]\ sNbvXp. BImcw Ahƒ
Xbmdm°n. kpµc≥, ]pcpj∑mcn¬ e£Wsam
Øh≥, ]cn]q¿W≥! Ingt°am\Øv ]S®´bWn™v
hmfpb¿Øn\n¬°p∂ tbm≤mhns≥d cq]ap≈
- p-sS- ]m- Hdnb¨ \£{Xkaqlw Kn¬KmtajmsW∂v `mh\.
temIØnse BZy CXnlmk \mbI\mb Kn¬Km
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
Cu- tZ-h≥- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- ]m-]-߃-°p-th-≠n- ]o-U-\߃ k-ln-®v- {Iq-c-am-bn- h-[n-°-
s∏-´v- I√-d-bn¬- A-S-°s∏-Sp-I-bpw-- C-kv-‰m¿- tZ-hn- A-h-s\-tØ-Sn- I-√-d-bn¬-
˛]m-Xm-f-Øn¬-˛ sN-∂- v- A-h-s\- D-bn¿-∏n-®-ti-jw- Xn-cn-s®-Øn-sb-∂pam-W- v-
_m-_n-tem-Wn-b¿- hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-
tajns≥d hnhcWamWnXv. ]{¥≠v Ifna¨ ^eI
ßfn¬ kptadnb≥ `mjbnse Iyq\nt^mw KqV en]n
Ifn¬ Ipdn°s∏´ Hcp CXnlmkw. AXv bh\ hoc
KmYItf°mfpw thZßsf°mfpw ]pcmWßsf°mfpw
ss__nfns\°mfpw {]mNo\w.
CXnse \mbnI Ckv‰m¿ tZhnbmWv. tZh ]nXm
hmb A\phns≥d aIƒ, t{]aØns≥dbpw sFizcyØn
s≥dbpw bp≤Øns≥dbpw tZhX. Kn¬Kmtajns≥d
cmPyØv Chƒs°mcp t£{Xap≠v. bp≤hoc\mb Kn¬
Kmtajnt\mSv {]Wbhpw cXnbpw tNmZn®v ]cmPnX
bmb Ck-v‰md-ns≥d {]XnImcamWv CXnlmkØns≥d
Poh≥. Bhiyw Ignbptºmƒ ImapIsc i]n®v Xh
fbpw sN∂mbbpw IpXncbpam°p∂XmWv ChfpsS
coXn. BImiØv {]Imin®v \n¬°p∂ ho\kv AYhm
ip{I{KlamWv Ckv‰m¿ tZhn.
Cu-kv-‰-dpw- C-kv-‰m-dpw- {]-m-Ir-X- a-X-ß-fpw-
{In-kv-Xp- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰p- F-∂- hn-izm-kw- ss{I-
kv-X-h-X- {]m-Ir-X- a-X-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fn-¬\ -- n-∂pw- I-Sw-sIm-
≠-Xm-Wv.- a-s‰m-cp- a-Xm-Nm-cy-\pw- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰n-´n-√-
F-∂pw- {In-kv-Xp- am-{X-am-Wv- a-cn-®-h-cn¬-\n-∂pw- D-bn¿-
sØ-gp-t∂-‰n-´p-≈-sX-∂pw- ss{I-kv-X-h- an-j-W-dn-am¿-
hmZn-°p-I-bpw- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-h-cp-∂p-≠v.-
F∂m¬- {In-kv-Xp- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂- Im-e-Øn-\v- h-f-sc- \q‰m-
≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- a-cn-°p-I-bpw- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-
°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X- \n-c-h-[n- ssZ-h-k-¶¬-]-ß-ƒ-- \n-e-hn-
ep-≠m-b-n-cp-∂p.--- X-Ωq-kv,- A-tUm-Wo-kv,- an-{X≥,- _m¬-,
jv-am-iv,- tlm-d-kv,- Hm-kn-d-kv,- _m-°-kv- Xp-S-ßn-b- ssZ-
h-k-¶¬-]-߃- A-Xn-\v- D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-cp-
sS- ]m-]-߃-°p-th-≠n- {Iq-c-am-bn- h-[n-°-s∏-´v- D-bn¿-
sØ-gp-t∂-‰- c-£-I-cm-bn-´pw- kq-c-y-`-K-hm-s≥-d- A-h-Xmc-
ß-fm-bn-´p-am-Wv- {]m-Ir-X- a-X-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- Cu- tZ-h-∑m-
sc- a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xv.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- D-bn¿-∏p-Zn-\-am-bn-
ss{I-kv-X-h¿- Cukv-‰¿- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-
ta¬-]d - ™
- - tZ-h∑- m-cp-sS- D-bn¿-∏v- Zn-\w- A-Yh - m- Cukv‰¿-
{]m-Ir-X- a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw- B-tLm-jn-®n-cp-∂p.-
{In-kX v- phn-s≥-d- D-bn¿-∏v- Zn-\a - m-bn- ss{I-kX v- h
- ¿- Cu-
kv‰- ¿- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂p.- Cu-kv‰ - ¿- F-∂X - v- H-cp- {In-kvXo-
b- ]-Za - √- .- {]m-Ir-X- a-X° - m¿- B-cm-[n-®n-cp-∂ _m-_ntem-
Wn-b≥- tZ-h-X-bm-b- Ckv-‰m-dn¬-\n-∂p-am-Wv- Cu-kv-‰¿-
F-∂- ]-Zw- cq-]w-sIm-≠-Xv.- N-{µ-tZ-h-\m-b- "kn≥'-s≥-d-
]p-{Xn-bpw- kq-cy-tZ-h-\m-b- "jv-am-iv'-s≥-d- k-tlm-Z-cn-bpam-
b- C-kv-‰m-dn-s\- Im-a-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- hw-i-hr-≤n-bp-sS-bpw-
sIm-Spw-¶m- ‰ - n-s≥-db - pw- tZ-hn-bm-bn- hn-Pm-Xo-b¿- B-cm- [
cp-∂p.- Iq-Sm-sX- a-\p-jy-cn-epw- ar-Kß - f- n-epw- ssewKn-Imk-
Iv-Xn- P-\n-∏n-°p-hm≥- I-gn-hp-≈- H-cp- Cu-iz-cn-bm-bpw- Cu-
tZ-hX- -- Nn-{Xo-Ic - n-°s- ∏-´n-´p-≠v.- _m-_n-tem-Wn-b≥-,- Ako-
dn-b≥- \-K-c-ß-fn¬- C-kv-‰m¿- tZ-hn-°v- B-e-b-߃- D≠m-
25
bn-cp-∂p.- Cu- B-e-b-ß-fn¬- a-\p-jy-_-en- \-S-Øn-bn-cp-
∂p.- A-Sn-a-I-sf-bm-bn-cp-∂p- _en-°m-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-
∂-Xv.- \n-\-th-bn-se-- P-\-߃- Ckv-‰m-dn-s\- kz¿-Ko-b- cm-
PvRn- A-Y-hm- B-Im-i-cm-Pv-Rn- F-∂m-Wv- hn-fn-®n-cp-∂-
Xv.- _m-_n-tem-Wn-b¿- {Xn-Xz-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- C-
kv-‰m¿,- kn≥,- jv-am-iv- F-∂o- {Xn-Xz- ssZ-h-k-¶¬-]-am-bn-
cp-∂p- Ah¿-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- ss{I-kv-X-h-X-bn-se- ]n-
Xm-hv,- ]p {X≥,- ]-cn-ip-≤m-Xv-am-hv- F-∂ {Xn-Xz-k-¶¬-]w-
t]m-se.-
kq-cy-tZ-h-s≥-d- a-s‰m-cp- A-h-Xm-c-am-b- X-Ωq-kv- tZ-
h-\m-bn-cp-∂p- Ckv-‰m¿-tZ-hn-bp-sS- `¿-Øm-hv.- X-Ωq-kv- F-
∂- ]-Z-Øn-\v- "Po-h-s≥-d- ]p{X≥'- F-∂m-W¿-Yw.- Cu- tZ-
h≥- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- ]m-]-߃-°p-th-≠n- ]o-U-\߃ k-
ln-®v- {Iq-c-am-bn- h-[n-°-s∏-´v- I√-d-bn¬- A-S-°s∏-Sp-I-
bpw-- C-kv-‰m¿- tZ-hn- A-h-s\-tØ-Sn- I-√-d-bn¬- ˛]m-Xm-f-
Øn¬-˛ sN-∂- v- A-h-s\- D-bn¿-∏n-®-ti-jw- Xn-cn-s®-Øn-
sb-∂pam-W- v- _m-_n-tem-Wn-b¿- hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.- Ckv-
‰m¿-tZ-hn- X-Ωq-kv-tZ-h-s\- D-bn¿-∏n-®Xn-s\- A-\p-kv-a-cn-
®p-sIm-≠v- kw-{I-a-Zn-\-tØm-Sv-˛ A-Y-hm- am¿-®v- 21t\m-S-
\p-_-\v-[n-®v- _m-_n-tem-Wn-b¿- D-bn¿-∏v- Xn-cp-\mƒ- A-Y-
hm- Cu-kv-‰¿- B-tLm-jn-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂p.- acn-®- Zn-h-kw-
B-K-X-am-Ip-tºmƒ- X-Ωq-kv- tZ-h-\p-th-≠n- Zpx-J-am-N-cn-
°p-I-bpw- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- hn-e-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp am-bn-cp-∂p.-
ZpxJsh≈nbmgvN Znhkw N¿®pIfn¬ kv{XoIƒ
{Inkv X ptZh\pth≠n hne]n°p∂ cwKw ChnsS
kvacWobamWv. kvv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- Cu- hn-em-]-sØ- kw-
_-\v-[n-®v- ss_-_nƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- ""A-Xm,- A-
hn-sS- X-Ωq-kn-s\-°p-dn-®v- hn-e-]n-°p-∂- kv-{Xo-Iƒ,- a\p-
j-y-]p-{Xm,- \-o- C-Xv- I-≠n-t√?- C-h-tb-°mƒ- tæ-O-X-Iƒ-
\o- Im-Wpw''- (F-k-°-n- 8:-14,-15).- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- B-tLm-
jn-®p-h-cp-∂- Cu-kv-‰-dpw- {]m-Ir-X- a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-ƒ- B-
tLm-jn-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂- Cu-kv-‰-dpw- X-Ωn¬- F-{X-tØm-fw-
km-ay-X-bp-s≠-∂v- t\m-°p-I.- ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bm-gv-N-bn-se-
Nq-Sp-≈- Ip-cn-i-∏-hpw- Cu-kv-‰¿- Rm-b-dm-gv-N-bn-se- Nm-b-
a-Sn-®- ap-´I
- f
- pw- C-t∏m-gp≈-Xp-t]m-se-Xs - ∂- {]m-Ir-X- aX-
ß-fn¬- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.- ss_-
_nƒ- ]-d-bp-∂p:- ""A-h¿- sN-øp-∂-sX-s¥-∂v- \o- Im-Wp
∂n-t√?- B-Im-i-c-m-Pv-Rn-°v- (C-kv-‰m-dn-\v)- k-a-¿-∏n-°p∂-
Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-∏w- Np-Sm≥- Ip-™p-߃- hn-dIv- s]-dp-
°p-∂p.- ]n-Xm-°-∑m¿- Xo- Du-Xp-∂p.- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- am-hv- Ipg-
°p-∂p.- F-s∂- {]-tIm-]n-∏n-°m≥-th-≠n''- (bn-ca - y- 7:-17˛19).-
ss_-_nƒ- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cpw- ss_-_nƒ- \n-L-≠p-I-fpw-
hn-PvR- m-\t- Im-iß - f
- pw- Cu- h-kvX
- p-XI
- ƒ- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°p
- n®n- ∂p-≠v.- d-h-d≥-dv- ln-kvtem-hv- ]-dbp-∂p-:-
""Cu-k‰ v- ¿- F-∂- ]-ZØ- n-s≥-d- A¿-Ys - a-¥m-Wv? AXv-
{In-kv-Xo-b-am-b- H-cp- t]-c-√.- A-Xv- A-Xn-s≥-d- I¬-Zm-b-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 48 ¬-)
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-I˛ 3
A√mlphns\°pdn® Adnhpw-
A-h-s‚- k-Ø-bpw-
"Adnhv ' c≠phn[amWv D≈Xv .
{]Xy£PvRm\hpw B[ymXvanIPvRm
\hpw GsXmcmƒ°pw t\SnsbSp°phm
≥ Ignbp∂ AdnhmWv H∂matØXv.
imkv{XPvRm\sa∂p]dbptºmƒ A¿
Yam°p∂Xv {]Xy£Pv R m\amWv .
C{µnbPvRm\sa∂v thWsa¶n¬ ]d
bmw. A\p`hamWv AXns≥d ASnkvYm
\w. C{µnbPvRm\sa∂v ]dbptºmƒ,
tIhew ]t©{µnb PvRm\w am{Xam
sW∂v sX‰n≤cn°cpXv. PvRmt\{µnb
ßfpw I¿ta{µnbßfpw \¬Ip∂ Adn
hpw IqSmsX a\ v \¬Ip∂ hkvXp
\njvTPvRm\hpw CXns≥d ]cn[nbn¬
hcp∂p. hkvXp\njvT bmYm¿Yyßsf
Iq´nbnW°phm≥ th≠n ]cn{ian°p
∂Xn\nsS imkv{XPvRs≥d a\ n¬
DcpØncnbp∂ kn≤m¥ßƒ {]Xy£
PvRm\Øns≥d `mK߃Xs∂bmWv.
{]ivt\mØcnsb kw_\v[n®v Nn¥n®p
sIm≠ncn°p∂ KthjI\p≠mhp∂
A¥¿PvRm\Øn¬ (intuition) \n∂m
Wv kn≤m¥ßƒ DbnscSp°p∂sX¶n
epw Cu A¥¿PvRm\Øn\p≈ \nan
Øambn `hn°p∂Xv hkvXp°sf°p
dn® ]T\hpw AdnhpamsW∂XpsIm
≠pXs∂ AXns\ C{µnbPvRm\Øn
\∏pdtØ°v sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn¬
Igºn√.
a\pjys≥d IgnhpIƒ°v ]cnanXn
bp≠v. ]t©{µnbßfneqsSbmWv \mw
26
A-_v-Z-p¬- Jm-en-Jv-
Adnhv kºmZn°p∂Xv. Cu C{µnb
hym]cn°phm≥ Ignbq. kv Y eIme
PvRm\ap]tbmKn®mWv \ΩpsS akvXn
kmXXyØn\p ]pdØp≈ bmsXm∂n
jvIw Imcy߃ Is≠Øp∂Xv. C{µnb
s\bpw Ipdn®v Nn¥n°phm≥ Ignbp∂
߃°v ]cnanXnIfp≠v. 380 apX¬ 780
coXnbne√ akvXnjvIw kwhn[m\n°
hsc an√n ssat{Im¨ XcwKssZ¿Ly
s∏´ncn°p∂Xv.
ap≈ {]Imiw am{Xta a\pjyZrjvSn°v
B[ymXvanI PvRm\amWv Adnhn
tKmNcamhpIbp≈q. Cu ]cn[n°v A∏p
s≥d c≠masØ hn[w. CXv Gh¿°pw
dhpw C∏pdhpap≈ Aƒ{Smhbe‰v
kz{]bXv\ØneqsS t\SnsbSp°mhp
civ a nIsftbm FIv k v c iv a nIsftbm
∂X√. Ckv e manI ho£WØn¬
C≥{^msdUvIncWßsftbm tImkv
A√mlp sXcs™SpØb°p∂ {]hm
anIv IncWßsftbm ImWm≥ \ΩpsS
NI∑mcneqsSbmWv B[ymXvanI PvRm
IÆpIƒ°v Ignbn√. Ccp]Xv apX¬
\w temIØn\v e`n°p∂Xv. tIheamb
Ccp]Xn\mcw hsc BhrØnbp≈ i_v
km[\IfneqsS t\SnsbSp°mhp∂X√
ZamWv \ap°v tIƒ°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
{]hmNIXzw. AsXmcp ssZhnIZm\am
Aƒ{Smku≠v hoNnIƒ \ΩpsS ImXp
Wv. Xm\nNvOn°p∂hsc A√mlp sXc
Ifn¬ {]Iº\w krjvSn°p∂n√. kzmZn
s™SpØv Xs≥d ZqXv G¬]n°p∂p.
s≥dbpw K\v[Øns≥dbpsa√mw Ahkv
Xs≥d ZqtX¬]n°phm≥ X° cq]Øn
Ybpw CXpXs∂. ¬ A√mlp Nnesc kPvPam°p∂psh
∂v ]dbp∂Xmhpw icn. {]hmNI∑msc
C{µnb߃°v ]cnanXnIfps≠
¶n¬ Ah \¬Ip∂ hnhc߃ kwt«Ipdn®v ]dbptºmsg√mw "\mw Ab®p'
sh∂ {]tbmKamWv hnip≤ Jp¿B\n
jWw sNbvXv Xocpam\ßsfSp°p∂
¬ A√mlp kzoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. kz¥w
akvXnjvIØn\pw ]cnanXnIfp≠mbn
cn°Ww. F¥mWv akvXnjvIØns≥d
]cn{iaw sIm≠v Hcmƒ°v FØnt®cm≥
]cnanXn? ]Zm¿YtemIsØ°pdn®v
Ignbp∂X√ ssZhZqX ]Zhnsb∂mWv
Nn¥n°phm≥ am{Xta a\pjyakvXn
CXp a\ nem°nØcp∂Xv. "A√mlphn
jvIØn\p Ignbq. ]Zm¿YmXoXamb
s≥d DØchv {]Imcw A\pkcn°s∏Sp
bmsXm∂ns\°pdn®pw {Kln°phmt\m
hm≥ th≠nb√msX \mw Hcp ZqXs\bpw
km¶¬]nI Nn{Xßfp≠m°phmt\mAb®n´n√' (4:64).-
a\pjy_p≤n°v Ignbn√. as‰mcp Xc{]Xy£Pv R m\Øn\∏pdØp≈
Øn¬ ]d™m¬, kvYeIme ss\c¥Imcyßsf°pdn®v Adnhv \¬Ip∂Xn\p
cyØn\IØp am{Xta a\pjy_p≤n°p
th≠nbmWv {]hmNI \ntbmKap≠m
bXv. A\p`hßfneq
sS HmtcmcpØ¿°pw
t\SnsbSp°m≥ Ign
bmØ "Adnhv' ]Tn∏n
{]Xy£PvRm\Øn\∏pdØp≈ °pIbmbncp∂p {]
Imcyßsf°pdn®v Adnhv \¬Ip∂Xn\p hmNI∑mcpsS Zu
th≠nbmWv {]hmNI \ntbmKap≠mbXv. Xyw. Ah¿°v Cu
PvRm\w e`n®Xv ssZ
hnIt_m[\w (hlv
bv ) hgnbmbncp∂p.
AXpsIm≠pXs∂
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ -
B Adnhv kXykºq¿WamsW∂
]q¿Wamb t_m[yw Ah¿°p≠mbn
cp∂p. AXv P\ßsf t_m[ys∏Sp
Øp∂Xn\pth≠nbmbncp∂p Ah¿°v
"BbØpIƒ' (ssZhnIZrjvSm¥ßƒ)
\¬Is∏´Xv. Cu BbØpIƒ ssZhZq
X∑m¿ ssZhnIt_m[\w e`n°p∂hcm
sW∂Xn\p≈ {]Xy£amb sXfnhp
Ifmbncp∂p. Cu sXfnhpIƒ°p]n
∂nse Znhyamb DdhnSw Xncn®dn™v
AXpambn h∂h¿ ]dbp∂Xv kzoIcn
°pI am{Xta B[ymXvanIPvRm\Øn
s≥d ImcyØn¬ a‰p≈h¿°v \nhrØn
bp≈q. Ckvemans\ kw_\v[n®nStØm
fw hlvbv aplΩZv \_n(r)tbmsS \ne
®ncn°p∂sh∂ XØzw AXns≥d
ASnkvYm\ hnizmkßfnsem∂mWv.
aplΩZv \_n (r) A¥na{]hmNI\m
Wv. temIsØ Ahkm\sØ a\pjy≥
hscbp≈ apgph≥ t]cpw Adn™ncn
t°≠Xmb B[ymXvanIPvRm\w apgp
h≥ At±lØneqsS shfns∏SpØ
s∏´ncn°p∂p. AØcsamcp PvRm\w
C\nbmcpw ImØncnt°≠Xns√∂v
kmcw.
Jp¿B\pw \_n NcybpamWv Hcp
apkvenans\ kw_\v[n®nStØmfw Ah
\v e`nt°≠Xmb B[ymXvanI PvRm\
Øns≥d t{kmX v. AX√mØ DdhnS
ßsfm∂pwXs∂ aplΩZob {]hmNI
XzØn¬ hnizkn°p∂h¿°v kzoImcy
a√. aplΩZv \_n (r) B[ymXvanI
PvRm\Øn\p≈ {]amWßfmbn c≠p
ImcyßfmWv temIØn\v \¬Inbn´p
≈Xv ˛Jp¿B\pw kp∂Øpw. Cu {]am
W߃°v ]pdØp≈ bmsXm∂pw
B[ymXvanI PvRm\Øns≥d ImcyØn
¬ AwKoIcn°m≥ apkvenan\v IgnbpI
bn√.
sshbIvXnIamb A \p`hßsf
B[ymXvanI PvRm\Øns≥d t{kmX
 mbn ImWp∂hcp≠v. Cu
A\p`h߃ ]co£ WmXvaIßf√.
Fs≥d A\p`hsØ as‰mcmƒ°v
]co£n°phmt\m icnbm sW∂v
Dd∏phcpØphm t\m Ignbn√.
]co£Wm XvaIa√mØ CØcw A\p
`h߃ icnbmsW∂v ]dbm≥ sXfnhp
Isfm∂pan√. kz¥w A\p`hamsW∂v
]d™v thWsa¶n¬ Hcmƒ°v ]®°
A - d n - b p - I
≈߃ {]Ncn∏n°mw. D≠msb∂v ]d
bp∂ A\p`hw kXyamsW¶n¬Xs∂
Ah ssZhnIamb A\p`hßfmsW∂v
Dd∏phcpØm≥ Ignbp∂sXßs\?
a\pjysc hgnsX‰n°m\mbn ]nimNv
D≠m°p∂ A\p`hßfmWv AsX¶n
tem? B[ymXv a nIamb Adnhns≥d
t{kmX v ]co£WmXvaIa√mØ ssh
bIvXnIm\p`hßfmIptºmƒ CØcw
\nch[n {]iv\ßfp≠v. AXpsIm≠p
Xs∂ tIheamb sshbIv X nIm\p
`hßsf B[ymXvanIPvRm\Øns≥d
t{kmX mbn°mWm≥ Ckvemw A\ph
Zn°p∂n√.
B[ymXvanIPvRm\Øns≥d t{km
X mbn Ckvemw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv
Jp¿B\ns\bpw kp∂Øns\bpamsW
∂v ]d™pht√m. Ch ]co£WmXva
IamWv. Jp¿B\ns\ Hcmƒ°v ]cntim
[n®v AXv ssZhnIamsW∂v Dd∏phcp
Ømw. Hcp t{kmX ns≥d ssZhnIX
Af°phm\mbn D]tbmKn°mhp∂
GXp am\ZWvUw D]tbmKn®v ]cntim
[n®mepw Jp¿B≥ ssZhnIamsW∂
hkvXpX kpXcmw t_m[yamIpw. kp∂
Øns≥d kvYnXnbpw CXpXs∂bmWv.
aplΩZv \_n (r) {]hmNI\mbncpt∂m
sb∂v GsXmcmƒ°pw ]cntim[n®v Dd
∏phcpØm≥ Ignbpw. At±lØnt≥d
Xmbn D≤cn°s∏Sp∂ hN\ßfpw Pohn
XNcybpsa√mw At±lØn¬\n∂p≈
XmtWmsb∂v ]cntim[n®v Dd∏phcpØp
hm\pw imkv{Xobamb am¿Kßfp≠v.
Jp¿B\pw kp∂ØpamIp∂ CkvemanI
{]amW߃ ]cntim[\mXvaIamsW∂
¿Yw. Ch ]cntim[n®v ssZhnIamsW∂v
]q¿Wt_m[yw hcpØpIbpw tijw
B[ymXvanIPvRm\Øn\v Chsb {]am
Wßfmbn kzoIcn°pIbpw sNøm\m
Wv Ckvemans≥d A\pimk\.
27
{kjvSmhpw \nb¥mhpamb GID
¨asbbmWv Ckvemw A√mlp F∂v
hnfn°p∂Xv. A√mlp Ahs≥d {]h¿
Ø\ßfn¬ AZznXob\msW∂ Adnhv
{]Xy£PvRm\Øns≥d ]cn[n°p≈n¬
hcp∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Ahs≥d kØ
bpsS kz`mhsas¥∂v a\ nem°p∂
sXßs\? ]Zm¿YtemIØns≥d {kjv Sm
hmb A√mlp ]Zm¿YmXoX\mIWsa
∂Xv kmam\y_p≤nbpsS hn[nbmWv. ]
Zm¿YmXoXamb Hcp kØsb C{µnbß
ƒ sIm≠v A\p`hn°pI Akm[yamWv.
C{µnb߃ \¬Ip∂ AdnhmW
t√m {]Xy£PvRm\w. AXpam{XamWv
a\pjy\v t\SnsbSp°m≥ Ignbp∂ Adn
hv. C{µnb߃ \¬Ip∂ hnhc߃ sh
®v Nn¥n®v kz¥amb \nKa\߃ s\bv
sXSp°phm\p≈ IgnhmWv a\pjys\
arKßfn¬\n∂v hyXncnIvX\pw D¬Ir
jvS\pam°p∂X.v C{µnb£aXbpsS Im
cyØn¬ \mw a‰p Nne PohnItf°mfpw
]n∂nemWv. \mbbpsS {LmWiIvXnbpw
]cp¥ns≥d ImgvNiIvXnbpw h∆men
s≥d {ihWtijnbpsa√mw a\pjycptS
Xpambn XmcXayw sNøptºmƒ hfsc
Db¿∂XmWv. F∂m¬, Chbvs°m∂pw
Xs∂ XßfpsS C{µnb߃ \¬Ip∂
hnhcßsf P∑\-me`n® IgnhpIƒ°\p
kcn®√msX D]tbmKn°phmt\m D]t`m
Kn°phmt\m Ignbn√. ChnsSbmWv a\p
jys≥d D¬IrjvSX. Ahs≥d Nn¥m
tijnbpsS alXzw. Ah\v C{µnb߃
\¬Ip∂ t\cn´p≈ hnhcßfn¬\n∂v
Iptdtbsd ap∂nte°v IS∂v Nn¥n°m
≥ Ignbpw. ]t£, a\pjys≥d Nn¥mti
jn°pw ]cnanXnIfnt√? D≠v; Xo¿®bm
bpw D≠mhWw. C{µnb߃ \¬Ip∂
AdnhpXs∂bmWv a\pjyakvXnjvI
Øns≥d AkwkvIrX ]Zm¿Yw. ]Zm¿
YtemIamWv C{µnbßfpsS taJe.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ -
]Zm¿YmXoXamb Hcp kØsb kw_
\v[n®v a\pjyNn¥°v kz¥ambn Hcp
Xocpam\Øntem \nKa\Øntem FØp
I km[ya√. CXmWv Nn¥bpsS ]cnan
Xn. A√mlphns≥d kØsb kw_\v[n
®v Nn¥n®v kz¥amb Hcp \nKa\Øn
seØm≥ a\pjy\v Ignbns√∂v ]dbp
∂Xv AXpsIm≠mWv.
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ckvemans\
kw_\v [ n®nStØmfw A√mlpsh
°pdn® GXpXcw Adnhns≥dbpw
t{kmX v Jp¿B\pw kp∂ØpamWv.
Ah ssZhnIamsW∂v ]q¿Wt_m[y
ap≈Xn\m¬ {kjvSmhns\ kw_\v[n®
sX‰p]‰mØ Adnhv \¬Ip∂ {]amW
ßfmbn AhsbbmWv apkvenwIƒ kzo
Icn°p∂X.v A√mlphns\ kw_\v[n®v
Jp¿B\pw kp∂Øpw ]d™pXcp∂
sX¥mtWm AXv A∏Sn kzoIcn°p
Ibpw AXns\ am\pjnI XeØnte°v
sIm≠ph∂v hymJym\߃°v hnt[b
am°mXncn°pIbpw sNøpIbmWv apkv
enans≥d coXn. k¿hiIvXs\°pdn®v
Ah≥ kzbw ]d™sXt¥m AXpw
Ahs≥d t_m[\{]Imcw kwkmcn°p
Ibpw Pohn°pIbpw sNbvX {]hmNI≥
hniZoIcn®sXt¥m AXpw A∏Sn kzo
Icn®psIm≠v Ahs\ AdnbpIb√msX
as‰mcp am¿Khpw a\pjy¿°p ap∂nen√.
AX√mØ am¿Kßsf√mw Dulm[njv
TnXamWv; AXpsIm≠pXs∂ sX‰p]‰m
≥ Gsd km[yXbp≈XpamWv.
A√mlphns≥d kØ
{]]©Øns≥d {kjv S mhmWv
A√mlp. ]camWp apX¬ \£{XPme
߃ hscbp≈ sNdpXpw hepXpamb
{]m]©nIhkvXp°fpsSsb√mw {kjv
SmhmWh≥. {]]©Ønse Hmtcm hkv
Xphn\pw hkvXpbvX
- °psa√mw ImcWß
28
A - d n - b p - I
ft\zjn°p∂ a\pjy≥ Ahkm\wamb Fs¥m¶nepw \nKa\ØnseØm≥
]cym]vXamb coXnbne√ a\pjy_p≤n
ImcWßfmhiyan√mØ Hcp almi
kwhn[m\n°s∏´ncn°p∂sX∂v
IvXnbn¬ FØnt®cpIbmWv sNøp∂
]d™pht√m. A√mlphns≥d kØ
Xv. B iIvXnbmWv F√m At\zjWß
sb kw_\v[n®v Ah≥Xs∂ shfns∏
fpsSbpw A¥yw. kIehn[ At\zjW
SpØnb Imcy߃ kzoIcn°pI am{Xta
ßfpw tX´ßfpw Cu ]caamb A¥y
ØnseØptºmƒ Ahkm\n°p∂p. \ap°v \n¿hmlap≈q. hnip≤ Jp¿B
\pw Xncp\_nbpsS samgnIfpw A√mlp
{]]©Ønse Hscm‰ {]Xn`mkhpw
hns\∏‰n ]d™ Imcy߃ A∏Sn
ImcWamhiyan√mØXmbn \ap°v
kzoIcn°pIbpw Ah ]cnanXamb \Ωp
ImWm≥ Ignbp∂n√. sNdpXpw hep
sS akvXnjvI]cn[n°IØv hniZoI
Xpamb kIe hkvXp°fpw ImcWw
cn°phm≥ Akm[yambXmsW¶n¬
tXSp∂p. At∏mƒ ImcWßfmhiyan
"A√mlphn∂dnbmw' F∂p am{Xw hn\o
√mØ ]cmiIvXn {]]©Øn\v D]cn
Xambn ]dbpIbpw sNøp∂ coXnbmWv
bmbncn°Ww; ]Zm¿YmXoX\mbncn
k®cnXcmb ]q¿h]WvUnX∑m¿ kzoI
°Ww. kIeam\ {]Xn`mkßfpsSbpw
cn®pt]m∂n´p≈Xv; AXmWv icnbpw.
ASnkvYm\ImcWamWv A√mlpsh∂v
CXn¬\n∂v sX‰n, XßfpsS _p≤n°pw
]d™pht√m. {]]©Øn\v D]cnbmb
bpIvXn°pa\pkrXamb coXnbn¬ ssZ
A√mlphns≥d kØ ]Zm¿YmXoXam
sW∂v kmcw. hnIkØsb hymJym\n°phm\pw hni
ZoIcn°phm\pw {ian®h¿ XØ-zimkv
]Zm¿YmXoX\mb A√mlphns≥d
{XØns≥d Ducm°pSp°pIfn¬s]´v N¿
krjvSnbmWv kvYe˛Ime kmXXyw
®Ifpw N¿t®m]N¿®Ifpambn ssZh
(time-space continum) A√mlphns≥d
kØ kvYe˛Ime kmXXyØn\v sØ°pdn® hnNn{Xhpw hnIehpamb
]pdØp≈XmsW∂v kmcw. AØc Nn{Xßfp≠m°pIbmWv Ahkm\w
sNbvXn´p≈Xv. apkvenw kaqlØn\v
samcp kØsb kw_\v[n®v a\pjy_p
]pdØpw AIØpap≈h¿ CØcw
≤n°v kz¥amb \nKa\߃ s\bvsX
NpgnIfneIs∏´n´p≠v. "ZmØv-' F∂Xn
Sp°phmt\m a\ nem°phmt\m Ignbn
s≥d aebmf]cn`mjbmWv kØ. A√m
√. AXv Ahs≥d hnhc߃°v AXoX
lphns\ kw_\v[n® ]cma¿ißfn
amWv . kv Y eIme _\v [ \Ønep≈
semcnSØpw "ZmØv-' F∂v Jp¿B≥
a\pjyakvXnjvIØn\v kvYeØn\pw
{]tbmKn®n´n√. a‰p kvYeßfn¬ Jp¿
ImeØn\pw ImeØn\pw AXoX\mb
B≥ {]tbmKn® "ZmØn'\v kØsb∂
A√mlphns\°pdn® Nn{Xßfp≠m°m
≥ IgnbpIbn√. hnh£bn√ Xm\pw. F∂m¬, Nne \_n
hN\ßfn¬ ZmØv F∂p {]tbmKn®n
"Ahs\ ZrjvSnIƒ Is≠ØpI
´ps≠∂Xp icnbmWv. ]t£, Ah Zm
bn√; Ah\mIs´ ZrjvSnIsf Is≠Øp
Øns\°pdn® hnNn¥\sØ iIvXambn
Ibpw sNøp∂p' (6:103)sh∂ Jp¿B\n
hne°p∂XmsW∂ hmkv X hw \mw
I hN\w hnc¬ Nq≠p∂Xv Cu hkvXp
ad∂pIqSm. "A√mlp hns≥d
Xbnte°mWv.
A\p{Klß sf°pdn®v \n߃
ssZhnI kØsb°pdn®v kz¥
Nn¥n°pI. Ahs≥d kØsb°pdn®v
\n ߃ Nn¥n°cpXv.'
(Xz-_vdm\o)
A√mlphns\ kw_\v[n®v Jp¿B\pw a\pjyhn`mh\°pw
Nn¥bv°paXoXamWv
kp∂Øpw ]d™pXcp∂sX¥mtWm AXv A√mlphns≥d ZmØv
A∏Sn kzoIcn°pIbpw AXns\ am\pjnI F∂mWv ChnsS
XeØnte°v sIm≠ph∂v hymJym\߃°v {]hmNI≥ ]Tn∏n°p
hnt[bam°mXncn°pIbpw sNøpIbmWv ∂Xv. Cu
apkvenans≥d coXn. { ] h m N I s a m gn
kzoIcn®psIm ≠v
A√mlphns\
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ -
kw_\v [ n®v Jp¿ B\n¬ ]d™
Imcy߃ A∏Sn hniz
kn®wKoIcn°pI am{Xta kq£vamep
°ƒ°v \n¿hmlap≈q.
{]]©Øns≥d {kjvSmhv {]]©m
XoX\mbncn°psa∂Xv kcfamb bpIv
XnbmWv. Hcp hkvXphns≥d {kjvSmhv
AXn∂p ]pdØmbncn°psa∂ hkvXpX
a\ nem°phm≥ XØzimkv{XØns≥d
Ducm°pSp°pIsfm∂pw Bhiyan√.
Cu kcfamb hkv X pXbmWv D]cn
temIØp≈h\mbn A√mlphns\
]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvX
߃ hyIvXam°p∂Xv.
""D]cntemIØp≈h≥ \nßsf
`qanbn¬ Bgv Ø n°fbp∂Xns\∏‰n
\n߃ \n¿`bcmbncn°pIbmtWm?
At∏mƒ AXv (`qan) CfInad™p
sIm≠ncn°pw. AX√ BImiØp≈
h≥ \nßfpsS t\sc Hcp Nc¬ h¿jw
Ab°p∂Xns\∏‰n \n߃ \n¿`bcm
bncn°pIbmtWm? Fs≥d Xm°oXv
Fßs\bps≠∂v hgntb \n߃ Adn
™psIm≈pw'' (67:16,17).-
""Ah≥ D]cntemIØp\n∂v `qan
bnte°v Imcy߃ \nb{¥n®b°p∂p.
]n∂oSv Hcp Znhkw Imcyw Ah¶te°v
Db¿∂pt]mIp∂p. \n߃ IW°m°p
∂ XcØnep≈ Bbncw h¿jamIp∂p
B ZnhkØns≥d Afhv'' (32:5).-
Nne lZokpIfnepw A√mlphns\
D]cntemIØp≈h\mbn ]cnNbs∏Sp
Ønbn´p≠v.
\mw ImWp∂ \oemImiØncn
°p∂ sslµh]pcmWßfnteXp
t]mep≈ Hcp ssZhamWv A√mlp
sh∂√ Cu hN\߃ hyIvXam°p
∂Xv. kqcy{]ImiØn\v hn kcWw
kw`hn°p∂Xp aqew \ap°v
ZrjvSo`hn°p ∂ Hcp {]Xn`mkw am{Xam
Wv \oemImiw. bYm¿Y Øn¬ AØ-
cw Hcp BImiwXs∂bn√. ASp
°pIfmbn krjvSn°s∏´n ´p≈ Ggv
BImißsf °pdn®v Jp¿B≥
]dbp∂p ≠v (71:15).- CXn¬ H∂mw
BImiØnem Wv \£{Xßfpw
{ K l ß f p s a √ m w
hn\ykn®ncn°p∂sX∂mWv Jp¿B≥
hyIvXam°p∂Xv.
A - d n - b p - I
""Aßs\ c≠p Znhkßfnembn
Ahsb Ah≥ Ggv BImißfm°n
Øo¿Øp. Hmtcm BImiØnepw AXm
Xns≥d Imcyw Ah≥ \n¿tZin°pIbpw
sNbv X p. kao]Øp≈ BImisØ
\mw Nne hnf°pIƒ sIm≠v Ae¶cn
°pIbpw kwc£Ww G¿s∏SpØpI
bpw sNbvXp. {]Xm]imenbpw k¿h
Pv R \pamb A√mlp hyhkv Y s∏Sp
ØnbXt{X AXv''(41:12).-
""Xo¿®bmbpw ASpØp≈ BIm
isØ \mw \£{Xme¶mcØm¬ tamSn
]nSn∏n®ncn°p∂p'' (37:6).-
a\pjy≥ Is≠Ønbn´p≈Xpw
Is≠Øm≥ km[yXbp≈Xpamb
{]]©w apgph≥ H∂mw BImiØn
\IØmsW∂ hkv X pXbmWv Cu
kqIvXØn¬\n∂v a\ nemIp∂Xv. Ggv
BImißsfbpw krjvSn® Xºpcm≥
Chs°√mw D]cnbmbncn°psa∂
ImcyØn¬ kwibsam∂pan√. BImi
Øp≈h\mbn A√mlphns\ ]cnNb
s∏SpØp∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIv X ßfpw
lZokpIfpsa√mw Cu hkvXpXIfmWv
\ap°v a\ nem°nØcp∂Xv.
{]]©mXoX\mWv A√mlpsh∂v
]dbptºmƒ Cu {]]©Øn¬ \S°p
∂ sNdpXpw hepXpamb {]Xn`mkßfn
tesX¶nepw Ahs≥d Adnhnt\m Ign
hnt\m AXoXamsW∂√ AXv A¿Yam
°p∂Xv. A√mlphns≥d AkvXnXzw
{]]©Øn\v AXoXamsW¶nepw Ah
s≥d Adnhpw Ignhpw kq£vahpw kvYq
ehpamb kIe hkvXp°fnepw Nqgv∂p
\n¬°p∂p≠v. Ah≥ AdnbmsX Chn
sS bmsXm∂pw kw`hn°p∂n√. Ah∂v
CSs]Sm\mImØ bmsXm∂pwXs∂
krjvSnIfnen√. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv
ImWpI:
29
""Ahs≥d ]°emIp∂p AZriy
ImcyØns≥d JP\mhpIƒ. Ah\√m
sX Ah AdnbpIbn√. Icbnepw ISen
epap≈Xv Ah≥ Adnbp∂p. Ah\dn
bmsX Hcp Cet]mepw hogp∂n√. `qan
bnse Ccp´pIƒ°p≈nencn°p∂ Hcp
[m\yaWnbmIs´ ]®tbm DWßnb
tXm Ab GsXmcp hkvXphmIs´ hyIv
Xamb Hcp tcJbn¬ FgpXs∏´Xmbn
´√msX D≠mhn√''(6:59).-
""AZriysØbpw ZriysØbpw
Adnhp∂h\pw alm\pw D∂XpamIp∂p
Ah≥. \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬\n∂v cl
kyambn kwkmcn®h\pw ]ckyambn
kwkmcn®hpw cm{Xnbn¬ Hfn™ncn°p
∂h\pw ]Ien¬ ]pdØndßn \S°p
∂h\psa√mw (Ahs\ kw_\v [ n
®nStØmfw) kaamIp∂p''(13:9,10).-
""\nßfpsS hm°v \n߃ clky
am°pI As√¶n¬ ]ckyam°ns°m
≈pI. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ (A√mlp)
lrZbßfnep≈Xv Adnbp∂h\m
Ip∂p. krjvSn®p≠m°nbh≥ (F√mw)
AdnbpIbnt√? Ah≥ \nKqV clky
߃ Adnbp∂h\pw kq£vaPvRm\n
bpamIp∂p'' (67:13,14).-
""AsX¥psIms≠∂m¬ A√mlp
Xs∂bmWv kXyambp≈h≥. Ah≥
acn®hsc Pohn∏n°pw. Ah≥ GXp
ImcyØn\pw Ignhp≈h\mWv'' (22:6).-
""B[n]Xyw GsXmcphs≥d ssI
bnemtWm Ah≥ A\p{Kl]q¿W\mbn
cn°p∂p. Ah≥ GXp ImcyØn\pw
Ignhp≈h\mIp∂p''(67:1).-
a\pjy¿°v A√mlphns\ ]cnNb
s∏SpØptºmƒ Ah≥ kao]kvY\mWv
F∂pw IWvT\mUntb°mƒ ASpØh
\mWv F∂pw Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p≠v.
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 49¬-)
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
(t]-Pv- 15 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ tZhotZh k¶¬] - ...)
{]IrXn {]Xn`mkßfpw hkvXp°fpw AhtbmSp≈
`bwsImt≠m BZchpsImt≠m tZh∑mcmbn hyhlcn°s∏
´Xn\p≈ DZmlcWamWv AKv\n, Dj v, kqcy≥, tkma≥
F∂o tZh∑msc°pdn® thZt«mI߃. Ch BZyImeØv
BZchn¬ \nt∂m `bØn¬\nt∂m DSseSpØXmbncn°mw.
]t£, ]n∂oSv Ahsb°qSn Bcm[n°p∂ AhkvYbnte°v
hgnamdp∂XmbmWv \mw ImWp∂Xv. KwKmXSØnepw XpS¿
∂v Ingt°m´v \oßp∂ ImcyØnepw Bcy∑mcmb IpSntb‰
°m¿ t\cn´ {]Xn_‘-ßfpw ITn\amb ImemhkvYbp≠m
°nb {]iv\ßfpw BXvahnizmkw sISpØnb ]ivNmØe
Ønembncn°Ww {]IrXn {]Xn`mk߃ tZh∑mcmsW∂
[mcW hf¿ØnbsX∂mWv F®v.Un. {KnkvthmƒUns≥d
(The Religion of Rigveda, P. 88) A`n{]mbw. Bcy IpSntb‰°m
¿ t\cn´ {]Xn_‘-ßfpw ImemhkvYm {]iv\ßfpw am{X
a√, AhbpsS D]tbmKßfpw BZchpw IqSn {]IrXn {]Xn`m
kßsf tZh∑mcmbn hyhlcn°p∂Xn\p]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn
®n´ps≠∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
AKv\ntZhs\°pdn® k¶¬]w `oXnbn¬\n∂pw `IvXn
bn¬\n∂pw DSseSpØXmsW∂ ImcyØn¬ kwiban√.
AKv\nbmcm[\ sk≥dv AhkvsXbpsS A\pbmbnIfmb
Cdm\nIfn¬ ]ucmWnI Imew apX¬°pXs∂ \ne\n∂Xm
bn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. Ahcn¬\n∂mbncn°mw Bcy∑m¿ AKv
\nbmcm[\ kzoIcn®Xv. CSXq¿∂p\n¬°p∂ h\ßfnte
sX¶nepw AKv\n°ncbmbXn\m¬ Bcy∑m¿°v t\cntS≠n
h∂ {]bmkßfmbncn°mw AKv\nsb°pdn® `bØn\pw
AXns\ {]oXns∏SpØn AKv\nt£m`ßfn¬\n∂v c£s∏Sm
sa∂ [mcW°pw ImcWambnØo¿∂Xv. `bØn¬\n∂pw
XpSßn {ItaW, BImisØbpw `qansbbpw AI‰n\n¿Øp
∂ iIvXnsb∂ \nebnepw tZh∑m¿°pw a\pjy¿°panSbn
se a[ykvYs\∂ \nebnepamWv AKv\n IqSpX¬ ssZ
hnIX ssIhcn°p∂sX∂v tUm. cm[mIrjvW≥ (C¥y≥
^ntemk-^n, t]Pv 62) hniZoIcn°p∂p≠v.
EtKzZØnse ]e kqIvXßfnepw AKv\nsb AcWnI
fn¬ (ac°jvW߃) \n∂pw P\n∏n°p∂Xmbn hnhcn®n´p
≠v. Iq¿Ø XmSnsb√pIfpw ]nwKf h¿WØnep≈ XmSnbpw
IØnsbcnbp∂ ]√pIfpap≈ AKv\nsb amcoXcnizmhv kz¿
KØn¬\n∂pw sIm≠ph∂psh∂mWv Bcyhnizmkw (H.D.
Grisworld: The religion of Rigveda, Page 163). AKv\ntbmSp≈
Hcp thZ{]m¿Y\ t\m°pI: ""A√tbm tXtPmab! \obmWv
NncRvPohnbmb kqcys\ BImibm{X°v Xbmdm°nbXv.
\o a\pjy\v {]Imi\w \¬In. A√tbm tPr-mXn¿ab! \o
{]IrXn {]Xn`mkßfpw hkvXp°fpw AhtbmSp≈ `bwsImt≠m
BZchpsImt≠m tZh∑mcmbn hyhlcn°s∏´Xn\p≈ DZmlcWamWv
AKv\n, Dj v, kqcy≥, tkma≥ F∂o tZh∑msc°pdn® thZt«mI߃.
Ch BZyImeØv BZchn¬ \nt∂m `bØn¬\nt∂m
DSseSpØXmbncn°mw.
30
P\ßfpsS shfn®amWv. RßfpsS ap∂n¬ \o k¿ht{i
jvT\pw k¿h{]nb\pamWv. KmbI\mb Fs≥d t]cn¬ Zb
ImWn°pI. F\n°v Poh≥ \¬IpI'' (EtKzZw 10:150:5).
AKv\ntZhs\°pdn® k¶¬]Øn¬ `IvXntb°mtfsd
`bamWv kzm[o\n®ncn°p∂sX∂mWv EtKzZ kqIvX߃
hmbn°ptºmƒ \ap°v a\ nemhpI. ""AhnSp∂v h\ßfn¬
Zmlw ]q≠hs\t]mse DPvPzen°p∂p. sh≈w t]mse Hgp
Ip∂p. tX¿°pXnc t]mse apcfp∂p. B s]m≈n°p∂ Irjv
Wh¿amhv \£{Xßfm¬ ]p©ncnbmSp∂ \` pt]mse
{]Imin°p∂p. B tXPkznbmb AKv\n \m\mcq]nbmbn
kvYnXnsNøp∂p. `qanbnseßpw hfcp∂p. hc≠hsb Fcn
®pw t\m°p-∂hsb Icn®pw [mcmfw IpSn°p∂t]msebm
bpw CSb\n√mØ Hcp \m¬°mensbt]mse kzbw ta™pw
\S°p∂p'' (EtKzZw 2:4 15˛18).
I¿aImWv U {]Imcap≈ bmKßfnep≈ {][m\
hkvXphmb bmKmKv\ntbmSp≈ _lpam\hpw AXnt\mSv
{]m¿Yn°p∂ AhkvYnte°v \bn®ncn°mw. EtKzZ kqIvX
ßfn¬ ]eXnepw bmKmKv\nsb a[ykvY\m°p∂Xmbn Im
Wmw. ""tl.... AKvt\, RßfpsS Cu bmKØnte°v hcpW
s\ B\bn°pI; tZymhn¬\n∂v C{µs\bpw A¥co£
Øn¬\n∂v acpØp°sfbpw sIm≠phcnI'' (EtKzZw 10:70:17)
F∂pw ""_ehm\pw tim`\I¿amhpamb AKvt\, HensIm
≈p∂ `hm≥ RßfpsS Cu bmKw tZh∑mcn¬ FØn®m
epw'' (EtKzZw 10:7:4) F∂pap≈ {]m¿Y\Ifn¬ bmKsØ
tZh∑mcntes°Øn°p∂ Hcp CSbmf≥ am{XambmWv
AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv . F∂m¬ a‰pNn e {]m¿Y\Ifn¬
AKv\nsb Hcp tZh\mbnØs∂bmWv k¶¬]n®n cn°p∂Xv.
""AKv\n Fs≥d ]nXmsh ∂v Rm≥ IcpXp∂p. AKv\n Fs≥d
PvRmXnbpw ZmXmhpw kJmhpam sW∂v Rm≥
hnNmcn°p∂p'' (EtKzZw 10:7:28) F∂ t«mI Øn¬ AKv\n
Hcp tZh≥ Xs∂bmWv . Ccp´ns\ AI‰p∂h \pw
ZpcmXvam°sfbpw Zp¿a{¥hmZsØbpw XpcØp∂h\p ambn
]et∏mgpw thZ߃ AKv\nsb ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂p ≠v
(EtKzZw 7:15 2, 4:1:9, 3:1:7, 3:5:1 Ch t\m°pI).-
{]IrXn{]Xn`mkßfnepw Bcy∑m¿ XßfpsS Zpxkz`m
h߃ Btcm]n®Xmbn ImWm\mhpw. AKv\nsb°pdn®v
hymkalm`mcXØnep≈ Hcp IY ImWpI. k]vX¿jnamcp
sS ]Xv\nam¿ XßfpsS saØbn¬ InS∂pdßp∂Xv I≠
AKv\n`Khm≥ ImamXpc\mbn. Ahsc {]m]n°m\mbn ASp
Øv sN∂t∏mgmWv al¿jnamcpsS ]Xv\namsc Iman°p∂Xv
]m]amsW∂ t_mt[mZbap≠mbXv. DS≥ ]ivNmØ]n®v
AKv\n`Khm≥ h\Ønte°v t]mbn. Z£\µn\nbmb kzm
l, AKv\ntbmSv A]mcamb Imaaps≈mcp kv{Xobmbncp∂p.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
AKv\n ImSpIbdnb hnhcadn™ kzml, k]vX¿jnIfn¬
Hcmsfmgn®v _m°n Bdpt]cpsSbpw cq]w amdnamdn kzoIcn®v
AKv\ntbmsSm∏w Bdp{]mhiyw ibn®p. k]vX¿jnIfp-
ambn´mWv Xm≥ _\v[s∏Sp∂sX∂ anYybmb t_m[Øm¬
kzmlbpambn Bdp{]mhiyw AKv\n _\v[s∏´p. CXn¬\n
∂pap≠mb ]p{X\mWv Bdv XeIfp≈ kvIµ≥ AYhm
almtk\≥. ]p{X\mb kvIµ≥ ]n∂oSv kzml°v Hcp hcw
\¬In. AKv\nbn¬ F¥v tlman°s∏SpIbmsW¶nepw
ImamXpcbmb \maw D≤cn®n´v am{Xsa AXv tlman°s∏SpI
bp≈qsh∂mbncp∂p hcw. Ct∏mgpw \nthZy߃ AKv\nbn
¬ tlman°ptºmƒ ]qPmcnIƒ "tZhokzl'sb∂p®cn°p∂
Xv Cu hcØns≥d ^eambmWv.
Dj pw kqcy\pw
{]IrXn {]Xn`mk߃°v Aaq¿ØX I¬]n®Xns≥d
hyIvXamb DZmlcWßfmWv Dj pw kqcy\pw. thZßfn
se G‰hpw {][m\nbmb kv{XossZhamWv Dj v. Dj v
kuµcyØns≥dbpw kuayØns≥dbpw tZhXbmbmWv thZ
ßfn¬ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv. thZImhyßfnse AXnat\mlc
amb Hcp krjvSnbmWv Djs -∂mWv ]WvUnX\mb amIv
sUmW¬ (Mythology in Grundoiss, Page 46) A`n{]mbs∏´n´p
≈Xv. Dj ns\°pdn® kqIvX߃ cu{ZXtbm `btam A√
{]Zm\w sNøp∂Xv; {]XypX, lrZyXbpw kuµcyhpamWv.
EtKzZØnse Dj ns\°pdn® Hcp kqIvXw t\m°pI:
""Dj v Ccpfns\ Hcp £pcIs\t]mse hSn®pIfbp ∂p.
amdnSsØ Hcp ]iphns≥d AIn Sns\t]mse
shfns∏SpØp∂p. tKm °ƒ sXmgpØnse∂t]mse Ing°p
`mKØW™p temIØns\ √mw shfn®w \¬Ip∂p.
A\v[ImcsØ AI‰p∂p'' (EtKzZw 1:92:14).
kqcy≥ ]pcpjtZh\mWv. kqcyt\mSp≈ Hcp {]m¿Y\
t\m°pI: ""tl.... kqcy! A\v[ImcsØ AI‰n°fbpIbpw
temIØnsem´p°pw shfn®w ]cØpIbpw sNøp∂ \ns≥d
DPvPzeamb {]Imiw RßfpsS Zmcn{ZysØbpw kzm¿YsØ
bpw F√mXcw thZ\Isfbpw ZpcoIcn°s´. AhnZybpsS
Zpkz]v\ßsf DO-mS\w sNøs´'' (EtKzZw 10:37:4).
C{µs\ kvYm\{`jvS\m°n {]kvXpX kvYm\w IckvY
am°m\mbn ITn\ X] v A\pjvTn® hknjvT al¿jnbpsS
X] nf°nb IYbn¬ {][m\ `mKa`n\bn°p∂Xv hmbp
`Khm\mWv. Zn\w{]Xn ITn\ambns°m≠ncn°p∂ hknjvT
s≥d X] v `wKs∏SpØm\mbn C{µ\b® tZhtemI kpµcn
bmWv ta\I. Ahƒ sN∂v hknjvT al¿jnbpsS ap∂n¬
\rØamSm≥ XpSßn. hnizmans≥d X] nfInbn√. ChnsS
bmWv tZth{µ≥ hmbp`Khms≥d klmba`y¿Yn°p∂Xv.
{]IrXn {]Xn`mk߃°v Aaq¿ØX I¬]n®Xns≥d hyIvXamb
DZmlcWßfmWv Dj pw kqcy\pw. thZßfnse G‰hpw
{][m\nbmb kv{XossZhamWv Dj v. Dj v kuµcyØns≥dbpw
kuayØns≥dbpw tZhXbmbmWv thZßfn¬ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv.
31
Imtam±o]Iamb kpK\v[w hknjvTs≥d \mkmc\v{[ßfn
seØn®Xv hmbp `Khm\mWv. ta\IbpsS \rØØmep≈
Nne¶bpsS Inep°w! Imtam±o]Iamb kpK\v[w! icocØn
ep≈ hmbptZhs≥d arZpeamb XtemS¬! AIØp\n∂p≈
ImatZhs≥d {]h¿Ø\߃! Chsb√mw hnizman{X al¿
jnsb \nb{¥WmXoX\m°n. At±lw IÆv Xpd∂t∏mƒ
I≠Xv, hmbptZhs≥d iIvXamb {]lcØm¬ \Kv\bmb
ta\I \mWwsIm≠v hkv{X߃ hmcnsbSp°m≥ {ian®p
sIm≠ncn°p∂XmWv. hnizman{Xs≥d F√m \nb{¥Wßfpw
hn´p. At±lw ta\ItbmsSm∏w ibn®p, Znhk߃ IS∂p
t]mbXdn™n√. X] ns\°pdn®v hknjvT≥ ad∂p. C{µ
\pw ta\Ibpw hmbphpw a≥aY\pw tN¿∂v hknjvTs\ ]‰n
®p. tZhtemIØp≈ Xs≥d kvYm\w tZth{µ≥ \ne\n¿Øn
bXnßs\bmWv (tPm¨k¨ sFcqcv D≤cn®Xv; `IvXnbpw
Imahpw).
]pcmtWXnlmkßfn¬ CØcw \nch[n IYIfp≠v.
{]IrXn {]Xn`mk߃°v _p≤nbpw COmiIvXnbpaps≠∂
{]mIrX hnizmkØns≥d k¥XnIfmWnh. Aßs\ k¶
¬]n°s∏´ {]IrXn {]Xn`mk߃°v XßfpsS kz`mhß
sf√mw Bcy∑m¿ Btcm]n®p. BImitKmf߃°v a\pjy
cpsS `mKy\n¿`mKyßfpsS `mKt[bØn¬ ]¶p≠v F∂
tPymXnj k¶¬]hpw Cu A\v[hnizmkØns≥d krjvSn
bs{X. kqcy≥, N{µ≥, sNm∆, _p[≥, hymgw, ip{I≥, i\n,
cmlp, tIXp F∂nßs\ H≥]Xv {KlßfmWp≈sX∂m
Wt√m tPymXnj k¶¬]w. Chbn¬ kqcy≥, sNm∆, hymgw
F∂nh¿ ]pcpj∑mcpw N{µ≥, ip{I≥ F∂nh¿ kv{XoIfpw
a‰p≈h¿ \]pwkIßfpamWv . Cu tZh∑m¿ Ipfn,
hkv{X[mcWw, aZy]m\w, ]qP, [ym\w, AXnYnk ¬°mcw,
kpcXw XpSßn 27 tPmenIfn¬ kZmhym]rXcmWv. ChcpsS
{]hrØnIfpw `qanbnse P\ßfpsS `mKy\n¿`mKy ßfpw
XΩn¬ _\v[aps≠∂ ASnkvYm\ØnemWv ]©mw Kw
]S°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. kqcy≥ aZy]m\w sNøp∂ kab
ØmWv Hcp Ip´n P\n°p∂sX¶n¬ Ah≥ Zpxkz`mhnbmbn
amdpsa∂mWv tPymXnj k¶¬]w. Cu k¶¬]߃°v
bmYm¿Yyhpambn bmsXmcp _\v[hpan√.
tkmatZh≥
Xßfp]tbmKn® aZyw t]mepw ]n∂oSv {]m¿Yn°s∏
Sp∂ tZh\mbn amdnbXmbp≈ BcyNcn{XØnse sshNn
{XyamWv tkmatZhs\°pdn® kqIvXßfn¬ \ap°v ImWm
≥ Ignbp∂Xv. C{µ\pw a‰v tZh∑mcpsa√mw tkmackw D]
tbmKn®v atZm∑ØcmbXmbn thZßfn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
tkmackw AacXzØnte°v \bn°p∂Xmbn EtKzZØn¬
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
]d™n´p≠v. ""R߃ tkma]m\w sNbvXp. AarXcmbnØo
¿∂p. tPymXn nte°v {]thin®p. tZh∑msc Adn™p'' (E
tKzZw 8:48:36) F∂v EtKzZ I¿Øm°fnsemcmƒ ]dbptºmƒ
At±lØn\p≠mb aØmbncn°mw AacXzhpw tPymXn¿{]
thi\hpw sIm≠v hnh£n°p∂sX∂v \ymbambpw Duln
°mhp∂XmWv. Cu DulØn\v {]m_eyw \¬Ip∂XmWv
ip¢ bPp¿thZob iX]Y {_mlvaWØnse Xmsg ]dbp∂
hnhcWw: ""C{µ≥ hnizcq]s\ sIm∂p. AXn\v ]Icambn
hnizcq]s≥d ]p{X\mb XzjvSmhv tkmasØ B`nNmc{]
tbmKw sIm≠v A]lcn®p. CXdn™ C{µ≥ XzjvSmhns≥d
Iøn¬\n∂v tkmasØ ]nSn®p]dn®v IpSn®p. CXns≥d elcn
C{µs≥d tZlw apgph≥ hym]n®p. IÆpIfn¬\n∂v tXP v
aßn. \mknIIƒ hgnbmbn hocyw tNm¿∂pt]mbn.
apJØn¬\n∂v iIvXn AkvXan®p. sNhnIƒ°p≈ tIƒhn
\in®p. ip¢w {khn®p. Aßs\ C{µ≥ Xs≥d i{Xphmb
\apNntbmSpIqSn k©cn®p'' (ip¢ bPp¿thZiob iX]Y
{_mlvaWw 7:3:2:1˛3).
apIfn¬ ]d™ hnhcWØn¬\n∂v iIvXamb elcn
bp≠m°p∂ I©mhns\t]mep≈ Ft¥m H∂mWv tkmac
ksa∂v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ]¿hX{]tZißfn¬ hfcp∂Xpw
Xqßp∂ inJncßfpw lcnXh¿Whpap≈ GtXm Hcp sNSn
bmWv tkmaw D¬]mZn∏n°p∂sX∂mWv thZØnse hnhc
Wßfn¬\n∂pw a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. ku{XmaWn
bmKØn\pth≠n tkmaw D≠m°p∂Xns\°pdn®v iX]Y
{_mlvaWw hnhcn°p∂p≠v. ""tkmaw sIm≠ph∂v BZycm
{Xn PeØnen´psh®v ImesØSpØv sh≈samgn®v e`n°p∂
ip≤n°v Aizn\w F∂mWv t]¿. c≠mw Znhkhpw aq∂mw
Znhkhpw cm{Xnbn¬ PeØnen´psh®v \∂mbn IgpIn
e`n°p∂Xn\v bYm{Iaw kmckzXsa∂pw sF{µsa∂pw
hnfn°p∂p'' (iX]Y {_mlvaWw 12:8 2:8˛10).
C∂v tam¿^n≥ F∂ elcn ]Zm¿YØn¬\n∂v tImUn
≥, sltdmbn≥ F∂nhbpw I©mhn¬\n∂v IqSpX¬ elcn
ZmbIamb ljojpw D¬]mZn∏n°p∂Xpt]mse tkmaØn¬
\n∂pw IqSpX¬ iIvXnbp≈ elcn]Zm¿Y߃ \n¿an°m\p
≈ hnZybmbncn°mw iX]Y {_mlvaWØnse apIfn¬]d
™ kqIvXw hnhcn°p∂Xv.
F¥pXs∂bmbncp∂mepw Hcp elcn ]Zm¿Yambncp∂p
tkmasa∂ ImcyØn¬ c≠`n{]mban√. F∂m¬ tkmatØm
Sv {]m¿Yn°p∂Xpw AXns\ tZh\mbn k¶¬]n°p∂Xpw
thZØn¬ \mw Z¿in°p∂p. tkmasØ h¿Wn®ph¿Wn®v,
tZh∑mcpsSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw cmPmsh∂v EtKzZw ]cnNb
Xßfp]tbmKn® aZyw t]mepw ]n∂oSv {]m¿Yn°s∏Sp∂ tZh\mbn
amdnbXmbp≈ BcyNcn{XØnse sshNn{XyamWv tkmatZhs\°pdn®
kqIvXßfn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. C{µ\pw a‰v tZh∑mcpsa√mw
tkmackw D]tbmKn®v atZm∑ØcmbXmbn thZßfn¬ ImWm≥
Ignbpw.
32
s∏SpØp∂ hcpW\v Xpey\mbpw hcpW≥ Xs∂bmbpw
hyhlcn°p∂XmWv thZßfn¬ \mw ImWp∂Xv. ""tkmam....
cmPmhpw hcpW\pamb AßfpsS tXP v, tkmam, Aßv
{]nbs∏´ an{Xs\t]mse ]mh\amIp∂p. kqcys\t]mse
h¿≤bnXmhmIp∂p'' (EtKzZw 1:91:17) F∂v ]cnNbs∏SpØp
∂ EtKzZ kqIvXØn¬ tkmat\mSp≈ H´\h[n {]m¿Y\
Iƒ ImWm\mhpw. ""tkmacmPmth, `Khm≥ Rßsf F√m
tZtlNvO
- p°fn¬\n∂pw c£n°pI. Aßsbt]mep≈hs≥d
kJmhpw \in°pIbn√t√m'', ""tkmam, AhnSp∂v Cu bPvR
hpw kvXpXnbpw kzoIcn®v Fgp∂≈nhcnI, R߃°v A`n
hr≤n hcpØpI'', ""tkmam, Aßv R߃°v [\w h¿[n∏n
°pI, tcmK߃ ian∏n°pI, kºØv \¬IpI, ]pjvSn Iq´p
I, \√ kJm°sf XcnI'' (EtKzZw H∂mw aWvUew 91˛mw
kqIvXw) XpSßnbh E°pIfn¬ ImWp∂ {]m¿Y\Ifn¬
NnehbmWv.
tkmackw {]Zm\w sNøp∂ Znhyamb (?) A\p`qXnbm
bncn°Ww Ahsb Bcm[n°p∂Xnte°v a\pjys\ \bn®
sX∂mWv {]K¬`cmb ]e ]WvUnX∑mcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw.
hn‰v\n FgpXp∂p: ""{]IrXnbpsS BivNcyIcßfmb iIvXn
Isfbpw {]Xn`mkßsfbpw ]qPn°pIsb∂Xn¬ aXk¶¬
]w apgph≥ ASßnbncn°p∂ kcf lrZb∑mcmb Bcy∑m¿
BXvtam t∑jsØ Db¿Øphm\pw km[m cWKXnbn¬
sNøm≥ IgnbmØ {]hrØnIƒ sNøm\p≈ t{]c Wbpw
Ignhpw hyIvXnIfnepf hm°p∂ Xm¬°menIamb HcpXcw
elcn D¬]mZn∏n°m\pw Hcp {ZmhIØn\v Ignhp s≠∂v
I≠tXmsS Znhyamb Ft¥m H∂mWv AsX∂v IcpXphm≥
XpSßn. Xm≥ {]thin°p∂ hyIvXnIƒs°√mw
tZthmNnXamb iIv X nIƒ {]Zm\wsNøp∂ Hcp tZh
XbmbnØo¿∂p AhcpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ B ]m\obw. AXp
≠m°p∂ sNSnbmIs´ Ahsc kw_\v [ n®nStØmfw
Huj[nIfpsS cmPmhpw AXn¬\n∂v ]m\obap≠m°p∂
{]{Inb hnip≤amb Hcp bPvRhpw AXn\p]tbmKn°p∂
D]IcW߃ ]mh\hpambnØo¿∂p. Cu Bcm[\mk{º
Zmbw hfscb[nIw {]mNo\amsW∂v t]¿jy≥ AhkvX
bn¬ AXns\∏‰n ImWp∂ kqN\Iƒ sXfnbn°p∂p.
F¶nepw C¥y≥ `q{]tZiØv FØnbXn\ptsjw AXns\m
cp ]pXnb Poh≥ h∂Xmbn ImWp∂.-'' (Whitny: Journal of
American Oriental Society-iii: 292, Quoted by Dr. S. Radhakrshnan:
Indian Philosophy, Vol I, Page 62).-
tkmacksØ t]mseXs∂ thZØn¬ {]Xn]mZn°
s∏´ as‰mcp elcn ]Zm¿YamWv kpc. ""kpcb√msX a‰v
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 33

aZy߃ {_mlvaW≥ IpSn®pIqSm'' F∂mWv t_m[mb\ ZnIsf c≠v ssIItfmSv IqSnbhcm-°p-Ib

- p-w ]£n apXemb
[¿akq{Xw (1:1:10) \n¿tZin°p∂v. ]t£, kpc tkmasØ h°v NndIpIƒ {]Zm\w sNøpIbpw sNøp∂p'' (tizXmi
t]mse Znhyh¬I-cn°s∏´n´n√. thZØntem at‰m kpctbm Xtcm]\njØv 3:3).
Sp≈ {]m¿Y\Iƒ ImWpI km[yhpa√. CsX√mw ssZhØns≥d iIvXnsb hniZoIcn°m≥
Akpc∑m¿ th≠nbp≈ hnhcWambXpt]mse tZhiIvXnsb hyIvXam
°m\mbncn°mw AhbhßfpsS FÆ°qSpXens\°pdn®v
skan‰nIv aX߃ ]nimNp°ƒ Ft∂m kmØm∑m¿
{]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv. F¥pXs∂bmbncp∂mepw sslµh
Ft∂m ]dbptºmgp≈ hnh£ Xs∂bmWv BcyaXw
tZhk¶¬]Øns≥d D≈ns≥dbp≈n¬ skan‰nIv aXß
Akpc∑msc∂pw cm£k∑msc∂pw ]dbptºmgp≈Xv .
fnse amemJ k¶¬]Øn¬\n∂pw \ofp∂ thcpIƒ ImWm
sNIpØm∑msc°pdn®v skan‰nIv aXßfn¬ IS∂pIq
≥ Ignbpw. skan‰nIv aXßfnepw sNdnb tXmXnse¶nepw
SnbXnt\°mf[nIw A\v[hnizmk߃ BcyaXØn¬
amemJamsc°pdn® hnizmkw _lpssZh hnizmkØnte°v
Akpc∑msc°pdn®v ImWm≥ km[n°pw. a\pjycn¬s]´
]cnWan®n´ps≠∂ hkvXpX ChnsS {]tXyIw kvacWo
DØa∑msc tZhkvYm\tØ°v Db¿Ønbt∏mƒ A[asc
bamWv.
Akpc∑mcmbn Nn{XoIcn®Xmbpw \mw thZßfn¬ ImWp
∂p. AXpt]mseXs∂, Bcy˛Zkyp- kwL´\Øn¬, Bcy Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI: ""Ahscsb√mhscbpw
t\Xm°∑m¿ tZh∑mcmbn hyhlcn°s∏´t∏mƒ Zkyp Ah≥ HZp Znhkw Hcpan®pIq´pw. ]ns∂ ae°pItfmSv tNm
t\Xm°∑m¿ Akpc∑msc∂v hnfn°s∏´p. Zkyp°sf sNIp Zn°pw: "ChcmtWm \nßsf Bcm[n®ncp∂Xv?' Ah¿
Øm∑msc°mfpw \oNcmbn°≠ Bcy∑m¿ ]n∂oSv Ahsc ]dbpw: "\o ]cnip≤≥! \obmWv RßfpsS c£m[nImcn˛
ASnaI fm°nbXmbmWv C¥ymNcn{XØn¬ \mw Ahc√. Ah¿ Pn∂pIsfbmWv Bcm[n®ncp∂Xv. Ahcn¬
ImWp∂Xv. A[nIt]cpw Pn∂pIfn¬ hnizkn°p∂hcmIp∂p''
(Jp¿B≥ 34:40, 41).
sslµh tZhk¶¬]Øns≥d hyXykvX cq]ßsfbpw
D¬] ØnImcWßsfbpw Ipdn® Hcp GItZi Nn{XamWv
\mw I≠Xv. almXvam°tfmSp≈ BZchpw
{]IrXniIvXnIsf {]oWn∏n°m\p≈ A`nhmRvObpamWv
{][m\ tZh∑m cpsSsb√mw D¬]Øn°v
ImcWambn´p≈sX¶nepw Ahbp sSbpw ASnkvYm\ambn
h¿Øn®Xv GIssZhØns≥d ]Wn bmfpIfmb
amemJamsc°pdn® hnizmkambncn°Ww. {]Ir Xn
iIvXnIsfbpw alØp°sfbpw amemJamcpsS kvYm\
tØ°v Db¿Ønbt∏mƒ Xs∂, amemJamsc AhcpsS iIv
XnbpsS {]XoIamb a\pjycq]Ønte°v Cd°nsh®Xmbpw
\mw ImWp∂p. XeIfpsSbpw ssIIfpsSbpw a‰v Ahb
hßfpsSbpw FÆw IqSpXep≈ tZh∑msc k¶¬]n®Xv
AhcpsS iIvXnsb {]Xn\n[oIcn°m\msW∂v Duln°m
hp∂XmWv. GI\mb ssZhsØ°pdn®pw At\Iw Ahb
hßfp≈h\mbp≈ hnhcWw D]\njØpIfn¬ t]mepw
ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ""F√m `mKØpw IÆpIfp≈h\pw k¿h
{X apJap≈h\pw F√m `mKØpw _mlp°fp≈h\pw F√m
`mKØpw ]mZßfp≈h\pw BImisØbpw `qansbbpw
krjvSn®h\pw Bb GIam{X\mb B ]camXvamhv, a\pjym

F¥pXs∂bmbncp∂mepw sslµh tZhk¶¬]Øns≥d

D≈ns≥dbp≈n¬ skan‰nIv aXßfnse amemJ k¶¬]Øn¬
\n∂pw \ofp∂ thcpIƒ ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 34

]eni: CkvemanI kao]\Øns≥d am\hnIX ˛2

]enibpw kIm¯pw
s{]m^. ]n.]n. A_vZp¬ djoZv

]enibpw kImØpw {[ph ßtfmfw A¥cap≈ c≠v kp {][m\ kmºØnI \pamb A√mlphn¬ \n£n]vXamWv.
kwPvRI fmWv. ]enisb A√mlp i]n °pIbpw \ntcm[n°pIbpw sN bvXt∏mƒ Cu AhImit_m[w taep≤cn® Bb
kI-mØns\ t{]mXv kmln∏n°pIbpw hºn® {]Xn ^eØn\¿lam°pIbpw Hcp Øn¬ kv]jvSamWv. A√mlpX∂ [\w
bYm¿Y apkvenans\ kz¿K{]m ]vXnbneqsS ]ctemItam£ Øn\v Nne coXnbn¬ sNehgn°cpsX∂pw Nn
A¿l\m°pIbpw sNøp ∂ D¬IrjvSamb Hcp Bcm[\ bpambn Nn{XoIcn°p∂p. e coXnbn¬ sNehgnt® ]‰qsh∂pw ]d
F∂m ¬ sshcp[-ykz`mhap≈ Cu c≠v kp{][m\ hnjbßsf bpw hnip≤ bp∂Xn¬ a\pjy\v (Hcp bYm¿Y ssZh
Jp¿B\nse dqw F ∂ A[ymbØnse 39˛mw hN\ØneqsS at\mlcambn {]Xn]mZ- hnizmkn°v) a\{]bmkap≠mtI≠Xn√.
n®Xn¬ AXn alØmb Hcp am\hnI e£yw Ds≠∂v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. GXmbmepw BbØns≥d Bibw
""P\ßfpsS kzØp°fneqsS hf¿® t\Sphm\mbn \n߃ h√Xpw "]eni'°v hniIe\w sNøp∂Xv ^e{]Zambncn
sImSp°p∂]£w A√mlphn¶¬ AXv hfcpIbn√.- (F∂m¬) A√mlphns≥d °pw. c≠v ImcyßfmWv hniIe\w sN
{]oXn e£yam°ns°m≠v \n߃ h√Xpw kI-mØmbn \¬Ip∂]£w Ah¿ tø≠Xv. BbØnse BZy ]IpXnbn¬
Xs∂bmWv (kaqlØns≥d) [\w Cc´n∏n°p∂h¿'' (kqd: dqw: 30:39). Jp¿B\ns\ ]d™ NqjtWm]m[nbmb ]eni;-
Cu hmIyØneqsS hyXykvXß - fmb ]e hkvXpXIfpw A√mlp P\ßsf t_m[n- AXv X¬Imew P\ßfpsS hcpam\w
∏n-°p∂p≠v. H∂v: a\pjys≥d \ne\n¬]ns≥d s\SpwXqWmb [\Øns≥d bYm¿Y Dbcm≥ klmbn°psa¶nepw AXn¬Iq
DSa BcmsW∂pw B [\tØmSv a\pjy\p≈ ]¶v F¥msW∂pw [\w hyXykvX Sn Ah¿ KpWw ]nSn°pIbns√∂v am{X
coXnbn¬ sNehgn°m≥ Ignbpsa¶nepw F√mw kZmNmc]cas√∂pw Nne coXnbn¬ a√, A√mlphns≥d IW°n¬ AXv \o
sNehgn®m¬ AXv kaqlØn\v tZmjIchpw as‰mcp e£ytØmsS sNehgn®m¬ Nhpw NqjWhp- a mbXn\m¬,- \cIw
AXv kaqlØns≥d samØw [\w Cc´n∏n°en¬ Iemin°psa∂psams° {]Xn^eambn In´m≥ \nanØamIp∂
kqNn∏n°p∂p. BbØns≥d hniIe\Øn¬ CXv kv]jvSamIpw. BbØnse Xn\m¬ AXn¬IqSn Ah¿°v bYm¿
"Cc´n∏n°p∂h¿'' F∂ {]tbmKw kmºØnI imkv{XØnse Hcp ]eni Bib Yamb hf¿® AYhm ]ptcmKXnbpw a‰pw
amb "multiplier effect' -te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p∂p. A√mlp \ntj[n°p∂XmWv.
CkvemantIXc hyhkvYIfn¬ [\w F∂Xv a\pjy≥ Xs≥d kz¥w _p≤n c≠mw ]IpXnbn¬ {]Xn]mZn®
bpw hnthIhpw {]bXv\hpw D]tbmKn®v B¿Pn°p∂Xpw Xs≥d CjvS{]Imcw kImØv˛AXpsImSp°p∂hcmWv
Xs≥d GXmhiy߃°pw CjvSap≈ Afhn¬ sNehgn°m≥ Ah\v A\phmZhpw bYm¿Y Øn¬ (kaql) [\w
kzmX{¥yhpap≈ `qanbnse G‰hpw BI¿jIamb hkvXphmWv. AXn\v Ah\v "Cc´n∏n°p∂Xv' F∂v ]d™ {]{Inb
BcpsSbpw A\phmZtam kΩXtam Bhiyan√. F∂m¬ CkvemwaXØn¬ CXn\v Fßs\? Ch c≠pw hniZam°p∂Xn\v
hncp≤amb Hcp {]m]©nIhpw hnimehpamb Hcp am\hnI ho£WhpamWp≈Xv. apºv Ah c≠ns\bpw {]YaZrjvSym
CkvemanI ho£WØn¬ [\Øns≥d ]caamb DSa A√mlphmWv. a\pjy≥ Cßs\ a\ nem°mw: ]eni
B [\Øns≥d `qanbnep≈ shdpw Xm¬°menIamb ssIImcyI¿Ømhv (trustee) hmßnØn∂p∂h¿ \¬Ip∂
am{XamIp∂p. Cu Hcp ASnkvYm\X-Øz- w AwKoIcn®psIm≠mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]enim[njvTnX hmbv], In´p∂h¿°v
[\hpambn _\v[s∏´ F√m hnjbßf-pw a\pjy\pambn Bib hn\nabw \S X¬Im ew BizmkamsW¶nepw B
Øp∂Xv. \nch[n hmIyßfn¬ Cu Bibw kv]jvSam°nbXv ImWmw. Hcp hmIyw aqe[\hpw AXns≥d Hcp \nivNnX
am{Xw D≤cn°mw. 20˛mw A[ymbw "Xzmlm'bnse BdmasØ hN\ Øns≥d ]Zm¿Yw iXam\w ]eni bpw Iq´n Hcp \nivNnX
C{]Imcw hm bn°mw: ""Ah\p≈XmIp∂p B Imißfnep≈Xpw `qanbnep≈ Ah[ntbmsS DØa¿W- \ v
Xpw Ahbv°nSbnep≈Xpw aÆn \Snbnep≈Xpsa√mw''. Xncn®pIn´ptºmƒ A√mlphns≥d
`qanbnep≈ apgph≥ (`uXn Ihpw A`uXnIhpw tKmNchpw A√mØXpamb) {]oXnbpw {]Xn^ehpw
kºØns≥d bpw [\cq]ßfpsSbpw ]caamb DSakvY≥ A√mlphmbncns° B ]ctemItam£hpw am{Xw
{kjvSmhv a\pjys\ G¬]n ® [\w a\pjy≥ Fßs\ hybw sNøWsa∂pw Imw£n®psIm≠v P\ßtfmSv
B¿s°ms° F{Xsbms° Ft∏msgms° F{XhoXw sImSp°Wsa∂pw Fßs\ (]mhßtfmSv ) klm\p`qXntbmsS
sbms° F¥ns\ms° B [\w sNe hgn®pIqsS∂pw D]tbmKn®pIqsS∂pw sImSp°p∂ kI-mØv B hnizmkn°v
]dbm\pw I¬]n°m\pap≈ A[nImc hpw AhImihpw {kjvSmhpw DSakvY Hcp apS °papX¬ Bbns°m≠v
Xncn®pIn´p∂n√. ]eni
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 35

GXmbmepan√t√m. At∏mƒ c≠pw (]enim[njvTnX hmbv]bpw kI-mØpw) AXn√mØh¿°v kaqlØnse kº∂

[\]camb hybßfmsW¶n¬ H∂n¬ [\w c≠v hn[Øn¬ Xncn®pIn´ptºmƒ ≥ sImSpt°≠ \n¿_\v[amb kImØv,
(recoup) c≠matØXn¬ Hcp Xncn®pIn ´epan√. Fs∂t∂°pambn- "\jvSs∏Sp∂p!' Zm\[¿a߃ A-s√-¶n¬- A\¥cmhIm
BZytØXv hºn® \jvSI®hShpw c≠matØXv A]mcamb em`°®hShpamWv! iw hgn e-`n-®- kzØv.--
am{Xhpa√, c≠matØXv (kI-mØv) \¬Ip∂h¿ ]Ww Cc´n∏n°p∂hcmWv! F√m kaqlßfpw \yq\]£w
AsXßs\sb∂mWv kmºØnI imkv{X]cambn hmb\°m¿ [\nIcpw `qcn]£w km[mcW°mcpw
Adn™ncnt°≠Xv. tPmen°mcpsams°bmb ASnkvYm\h
"kImØv (kz-ZJbpw a‰v [¿aßfpsams°) sImSp°p∂h¿ Xs∂bmWv ([\w) ¿KhpaS-ßn-b-Xm-Wv. AhcpsS hcpam\
Cc´n∏n°p∂h¿' F∂mWv BbØns≥d Ahkm\ `mKØn¬ A√mlp {]Jym]n amWv AhcpsS D]t`mKØns≥d Af
°p∂Xv. Hcp Hcp kvYqekmºØnI imkv{X (Macroeconomic) {]{InbbmWv hpw XZzmcm D¬]mZ\hpw Xocpam\n°p
kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. kmºØnI imkv{XØn¬ Cu {]{Inbsb aƒ´nπb¿ C^Iv‰v ∂Xv. `qcn]£w hcp∂ Cu ASnkvYm\
(Multiplier effect) F∂v ]dbp∂p. H‰ hmNIØn¬ Cu BibsØ Cßs\ kw{Kln h¿KØns≥d Iønep≈ ]WØns≥d
°mw: Hcp kºZvhyhkvYbn¬ D¬]mZ-\ taJebntem at‰m \nt£]n°s∏Sp∂ AfhmWv AhcpsS {Ibtijn (Purchas-
[\w B BZy\nt£]Øns≥d Hcp \nivNnX A[nIaSßmbn h¿[n®pImWmw. ing power) bpw AXphgn k^etNmZ\
DZmlcWambn tIcfØn¬ hyhkmb taJebn¬ HcptImSn cq] \nt£]n®psh∂v hpw AXphgn aƒ´nπbdns≥d aqeyhpw
IcpXpI. ct≠m aqt∂m h¿jw Ign™v ]cntim[n®m¬ Cu Hcp tImSn cq] ]e¿ XZzmcm kaqlØns≥d [\h¿[\hpw
°pw Iqenbmbpw ]m´tam hmSIbmtbm ]enibmtbm em`amtbm Hs° h∂v tN¿∂n Xocpam\n°p∂Xv . kzm`mhnIambpw
cn°pw. Ah BsI°-qSn t\m°nbm¬ Cw•ojnse "sI' (k) F∂ sNdnb A£cØm `qcn]£whcp∂ ASnkvYm\h¿KØn
¬ {]Xn\n[m\w sNøp∂ aƒ´nπb¿ F∂ BibØns≥d aqeyw aq∂v (3) BsW¶n s≥d ssIIfn¬ Ignbp∂{X {Ibtijn
¬ ta¬]d™ BZy\nt£]amb Hcp tImSn cq] 3 tImSnbmbn kºZvhyhkvYbn¬ e`yam°pIsb∂Xv D¬]mZ\ {]{Inb
h¿[n®ncn°pw. aƒ´nπbdns≥d aqeyw "5'BsW¶n¬ A©v tImSnbmbn h¿[n®ncn sbbpw hcpam\ h¿[\hns\bpw DtØ
°pw. Cu aqeyw I≠p]nSn°m≥ kvYqe kmºØnI imkv{XØn¬ Hcp t^m¿apebp Pn∏n°psa∂XpsIm≠mbncn°Ww ]cn
≠v. AXv k = 1/(1-MPC) F∂mIp∂p. AXmbXv aƒ´nπb¿ F∂m¬ Ht∂ lcWw ip≤ Jp¿B\neqsS A√mlp kI-mØ
Ht∂ Ingn°Ww MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume) MPS + MPC=1. AXmb \¬Is∏Sm≥ A¿lcmbn F´v P\hn`m
Xv Hcp hyIvXnbpsStbm kaqlØns≥d samØtam Bb koam¥ kºmZy{]`mhw+ Kßsf FÆn∏d™Xv˛ Zcn{Z¿, AKXn
koam¥ D]t`mK {]`mhw=1. B H∂n¬\n∂v D]t`mKw Ingn®m¬ _m°n kºmZyw Iƒ, hgnt]m°¿, tNmZn®phcp∂h¿,
In´pw. AXs√¶n¬ H∂n¬\n∂v kºmZyw am‰nbm¬ _m°n D]t`mKn®Xmbncn°pw. kI- m Øv ]ncn®v hnXcWw sNøp∂
Npcp°Øn¬ kaqlØn¬ BfpIfpsS D]t`mKØns≥dbpw kºmZyØns≥dbpw AXns≥d tPmen°m¿ XpSßn F´v
tXmX\pkcn®mWv aƒ´nπbdns≥d aqeyw IW°m°p∂Xv. hn`mKw.
Hcp kºZvhyhkvYbpsS kmºØnI hnIk\w, ]ptcmKXn Fs∂ms° ]dbp ho≠pw Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: ""Ah
∂Xv B kaqlØns≥d samØw hcpam\ h¿[\hpw (Increase in National Income) cpsS ([\nIcpsS) [\Øn¬ tNmZn®ph
{]Xnio¿j hcpam\ h¿[\hpamWv (Increase in Per Capita Income). AXv \S°Wsa cp∂h¿°pw (D]Poh\w) XSbs∏´h
¶n¬ D¬]mZ\w h¿[n°Ww. D¬]mZ\w h¿[n°Wsa¶n¬ kºmZyhpw aqe[\ \pw Hcp AhImiap≠v'' (51:19). Cßs\
\nt£]hpw (Savings and Investment) h¿[n°Ww. Aßs\ \nt£]n°s∏´ aqe[\ Hmtcm kaqlØnsebpw [\nIcn¬ \n
Øns≥d Hcp \nivNnX tXmXnembncn °pw hcpam\w h¿[n°pI. CXmWv C° ∂pw AtX kaqlØnse Zcn{Zcnte°v
tWmanIvkn¬ C≥shkv‰vsa≥dv aƒ´nπ b¿ (Investment Multiplier) F∂v ]dbs∏ \n¿_\v[hpw sFNvO - nIhpambpw Im¿jn
Sp∂Xv. D]cnkqNn∏n® \nt£] h¿[\ hn\v A\nhmcyamb Hcp LSIamWv k tIm¬]∂ßfpsS kImØmbpw \¬I
^e tNmZ\w AYhm effective demand. s∏Sp∂ kmºØnI klmb߃ kaq
Cu k^-etNmZ\wsIm≠v Dt±in °p∂Xv P\߃ Imiv sImSpØv \m´n ¬ lØn¬ [\Øns≥d Hcp Hgp°v (Incom
D¬]mZn∏n°s∏´v hn¬]\°v sh® hkvXp°ƒ hmßm\p≈ Ignhns\bmWv. e flow) krjvSn°p∂p. CXv tkmjyenkv
CuImcyw \S°Wsa¶n¬ P\ßfpsS Iøn¬ BhiyØn\v D]t`mKaqeyamb Imiv ‰pIƒ km[mcWbmbn tkmjyenkØn
As√¶n¬ ]Ww thWw˛ H∂pIn ¬ kz¥w sXmgnen¬IqSnbp≈ hcpam\w. s≥d ]cnWXnbmbn FSpØp]dbmdp≈

Hcp kºZvhyhkvYbpsS kmºØnI hnIk\w, ]ptcmKXn

Fs∂ms° ]dbp∂Xv B kaqlØns≥d samØw hcpam\
h¿[\hpw (Increase in National Income) {]Xnio¿j hcpam\
h¿[\hpamWv (Increase in Per Capita Income). AXv
\S°Wsa¶n¬ D¬]mZ\w h¿[n°Ww.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 36

a\pjys≥d I≠p]nSpØßfn¬sh®v G‰hpw kp{][m\amWv

]WØns≥d I≠p]nSpØsa∂v ]dbs∏Smdp≠v. AXns≥d
km∂n[yØnse kuIcyßfpw AXns≥d A`mhØnse
_p≤na-p´pIfpw ]T\hnt[bam°nbm¬ \mapw AXv AwKoI
cn°m≥ XbmdmIpw.

Hcp hcpam\ ]p\¿hnXcWw (Income red
istribution) BWv. X¬^eambn kaql
Ønep≠mIp∂ k^e tNmZ\w D¬]m
Z\ {]{Inbsb BIam\w Asænepw
hym]Iambn kPoham°pIbpw D¬]m
Z\ LSIßfmb `qan, sXmgn¬, aqe[
\w, kwcw`IXzw (Land, Labour, Capital,
Enterprise) F∂nhsb {]h¿Ø\ \ncX
am°pIbpw sNøp∂p. CXns≥d ]cyh
km\w, kvYqekmºØnI imkv{Xw
kn≤m¥n°p∂ `Circular flow of eco-
nomic activity' F∂ {]Xn`mkamWv;- AY
hm kmºØnI {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS Hcp
Hgp°v hebw kwPmXamIp∂p.
ta¬]d™ hebw kºZvhyhkv
Ybnse F√m hn`mKw P\ßsfbpw
kPoham°pIbpw sXmgn¬h¿[-\hpw
`qan, aqe[\ D]tbmKw XzcnXs∏SpØp
Ibpw AXv sXmgnehkch¿[-\hv D≠m
°pIbpw {ItaW sXmgnen√mbva Ipd®p
sIm≠nhcnIbpw hcpam\h¿[-\hpw
AXphgn P\߃°nSbn¬ kºmZy
Øn\v (savings) Ahkcsamcp°pIbpw
B kºmZyw _m¶pIfnepw a‰pambn
\nt£]ambn hcnIbpw {]kvXpX \n
t£]߃ ho≠pw kaqlØnte°v
aqe[\ambn (investment capital) HgpIpI
bpw AXv ho≠pw D¬]mZ\sØbpw
(production) hcpam\ krjvSn∏ns\bpw
(income generation) klmbn°pI-bpw-
sN-øp-∂p. Cßs\bmWv kaql߃
s]mXphn¬ As√¶n¬ samØØn¬
kmºØnI ]ptcmKXn ssIhcn°p∂Xv.
h y I v X n I f p s S b p w
kvYm]\ßfpsSbpw kz- Z JIfn¬
IqSnbpw kI- m Øn¬ IqSn bpw
Bcw`n°p∂ Cu kq£va kmºØnI
{]{Inb (micro economic activity)sb
kºZv hyhkvYsb BIam\wXs∂
Ne\mXvaIam°p∂ kvYqe kmºØnI
{]{In b (macro economic activity) bn¬
sIms≠Øn°pIhgn F√m hn`mKw
P\ßfpsSbpw kmºØnI sa®w e£ywsh°p∂ A√mlphpw
a\pjytamN\Øns≥d hnimeamb am¿Kshfn®amb hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw F{X
{]hnimeamb Hcp am\hnIXbmWv Hcp ]eni \ntcm[\Øn¬IqSn
e£yanSp∂sX∂v \njv]£ambn,- _p≤nsImSpØv Nn¥n°p∂ GsXmcp a\pjy\pw
a\ nem°m≥ Ignbpw. AXn\v Hcp D]m[n A\nhmcyamWv; ap≥[mcW ehteiw
D≠mImXncn°pIbpw Xo¿Øpw kXyw a\ nem°pIsb∂ e£ytØmsS
ASnkvYm\ {]amWßfpsS hmIyßfpsS Bgßfnte°ndßnsN√pIbpw sN-øp-
I-. Aßs\bp≈h¿°v Cu {K\vYw k∑m ¿Khpw ]ctemI hnPbØns≥d
hgnbpambnØocpw. {kjvSmhv Cu hnjbØn¬ \sΩsb√mhscbpw
A\p{Kln°pamdmIs´. Bao≥.
D¬]∂ ssIam‰hpw ]Whpw
a\pjys≥d I≠p]nSpØßfn¬sh®v G‰hpw kp{][m\amWv ]WØns≥d
I≠p]nSpØsa∂v ]dbs∏Smdp≠v. AXns≥d km∂n[yØnse kuIcyßfpw AXn
s≥d A`mhØnse _p≤na-p´pIfpw ]T\hnt[bam°nbm¬ \mapw AXv AwKoI
cn°m≥ XbmdmIpw. kmºØnI imkv{XØn¬ ]Whpw AXns≥d [¿aßfpw Hcp
N¿®mhnjbamWv. ]Ww F∂m¬ F¥mWv F∂pw AXv F¥n\p≈XmsW∂pw
AXv Fs¥√mw [¿a߃ \n¿hln°p∂psh∂pw F∂m¬ AXv Fs¥√mw sNøp
∂ns√∂pw F¥ns\√mw ]‰pIbns√∂pw {]Xn]mZ-n°s∏Sp∂p. ]WØns≥d ASnkv
Ym\[¿a߃ `uXnI kmºØnI imkv{Xw DXvtLmjn°p∂Xv a\ nem°nbm¬
]Ww ]eni°v ISw sImSp°p∂Xnse A¿Yiq\yXbpw AXv- \ntcm[n-®-X-n-se-
am\hnIXbpw- {]ISamhpIbpw sNøpw.
]Ww,- As√¶n¬ [\w Hcp e£yta A√. ]Ww˛ AXv ISemkv cq]Øntem
\mWb cq]Øntem H‰ temlØntem Iq´ptemlØntem H∂ne[nIw temlßfn
tem (bimetalism) BIs´ D¬]∂ßf-pw tkh\ßfpw (goods and services) ssIamdm
\p≈ Hcp a[yh¿Øn As√¶n¬ IÆn am{XamWv. AXpsIm≠v ]WØns\ Hcp
ssIam‰ am[yaw AYhm medium of exchange F∂v ]dbpw. Hcp km[\tam tkh\
tam D¬]mZn∏n°s∏´m¬ AXv hn]W\w sNøs∏SWsa¶n¬ Hcp bqWn‰v ]Ww
thWw. C¥ybn¬ B bqWn‰n\v Ddp∏nI (Rupee) F∂pw kDuZn Atd_ybn¬
dnbm¬ F∂pw Atacn°bn¬ tUmf¿ F∂pw ]dbpw. kmºØnI imkv{XØn¬
]WØn\v c≠pXcw [¿a߃ sNøm\ps≠∂v ]dbp∂p. H∂v: {]mYanI [¿a߃
AYhm primary functions. c≠v ZznXob [¿a߃ AYhm secondary functions. Hmtcm
∂nepw c≠v hyXykvX [¿aßfp≠v. DZmlcWw,- {]mYanI [¿aßfn¬ BZytØXv
ssIam‰ am[yaamWv. c≠matØXv D¬]∂ßfpsS aqeyw Af∂v Xn´s∏SpØm\p≈
AfhptIm¬ AYhm a measure of value BWv. Ch°v ]pdsabp≈ ]WØns≥d
[¿aßfmWv A°u≠nwKv bqWn‰v (unit of account) F∂Xpw aqey kq£n∏v am[yaw
AYhm store of value F∂Xpw. CXmWv kmºØnI imkv{Xho£Ww. Npcp°Øn¬,-
{][m\ambpw D¬]∂ßfpsS aqeyw \nivNbn°p∂ am]n\nbpw AXn\pti-jw aqey
a\pkcn®v D¬]∂߃ ssIamdm≥ (Exchanging) D]tbmKn°pIbpw B Bhiy
Øn\v th≠n kq£n®psh°pIbpw sNøm\p]tbmKn°p∂ Hcp hkvXphmWv ]Ww.
as‰m∂pw AXpsIm≠v Dt±in°s∏´n´n√; AXn\v IgnbpIbpan√. C\n ]WØns≥d
Afhv Hcmƒ°v h¿[n®v In´Wsa¶n¬ AXv D]tbmKn®v a\pjyhn`hw D]tbmKs∏
SpØn Fs¥¶nepsamcp km[\tam tkh\tam a\pjy\v D]t`mKn°m≥ ]cphØn¬
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 37

e`yam°Ww AYhm D¬]mZn∏n°Ww. Cu A[zm\Øns≥d A`mhØn¬ Hcn° [zm\n°m≥ Ignhp≈h¿ A[zm\n°m

epw Ipd®v ]Ww IqSpXem°pI km[ya√. CXpsIm≠pXs∂bmWv Imd¬ am¿Ivkv sX AekcmIp∂Xpw D]t`mKmkIvXn
Cßs\ tNmZn®Xv: `How can some money become more money unless through enter- hfcp∂Xpw B¿`mS]q¿hamb BUw
prise?' (Fßs\bmWv a\pjys≥d A[zm\w hn\ntbmKn°msX Ipd®v ]Ww IqSpX _c PohnXw \bn°p∂Xpw D≈h\pw
¬ ]Wambn amdp∂Xv? Cu tNmZyØns≥d DØcw ]n¬°meØv Atacn°≥ C√mØh\pw XΩnep≈ kmºØnI
kmºØnI imkv{XPvR\mb s{]m^. t]mƒ kmaph¬k≥ ]d™XmWv:- `Foul is AkaXz߃, [\Øns≥d tiJc
fair and fair is foul' (A\ymbw \ymbhpw (kaqlØn¬); \ymbw A\ymbhpamWv). a\kvYnXn, D]Poh\w XSbs∏´htcmSv
AXmbXv ]enibnS]mSpw kvYm]\ßf-pw NqjWßfpsams° ]e BfpIƒ°pw h¿[n®phcp∂ AhKW\, BhiyØn
\√XmWv. F∂m¬ Cu NqjWamb ]enisb FXn¿°p∂Xpw AXnse sX‰pw \v kºØv sNehgn°msXbp≈ ]W
A{Iahpw Xn∑bpw ssZhI¬]\IfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ P\ßsf t_m[h¬° tem`w F∂nh Ahbn¬ NneXmWv.
cn°p∂Xpw- Hcp Ip‰w t]msebpw AXv ]dbpIbpw {]kwKn°pIbpw FgpXpIbpw AXn\v ]pdsa, [\imkv{X]cambn
sNøp∂hsc- A\ytKmfßfn¬\n∂ph∂ PohnIƒ sIm≠ph∂ hnNn{X hkvXp° kºZvhyhkvYbn¬ ]eni krjvSn°p
sf t]mse t\m-°n-°m- WpIbpw sNøp∂p! AtXkabw Kh¨sa≥dpIfpw dnk¿hv ∂ G‰hpw {]IShpw Zqchym]Ihpamb
_m¶pw a‰v ]ecpw P\߃°v Bizmksa∂ \ne°v Irjn hmbv]IfpsSbpw a‰v {]Xn`mkßfmWv \mbWs∏cp∏hpw
]eni\nc°pIƒ Ipd°m≥ Xocpam\n°p∂Xpw ]{XZzmcm hmbn°m≥ Ignbp∂p. sXmgnen√mbvabpw ]´nWnbpw AXphgn-
Fs¥mcp hntcm[m`mkw! ]eni\nc°v Ipd°p∂ \S]Sn BizmkIcamsW∂v kmºØnI hnIk\Øn\v apcSn∏pw.
]dbp∂h¿ Db¿∂ ]eni\nc°v A{Iahpw NqjWhpamsW∂v kΩXn°p∂n√. hniz{]ikv X {_n´ojv kmºØnI
Ipd°p∂Xv \√XmsW¶n¬ ]qPyØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂Xmbncn°pat√m AXyp imkv{XPvR\pw kvYqe- kmºØnI
Øaw! AXpw kΩXn°n√. ImcWw ]ns∂ _m¶pIfpw a‰pw Fßs\ {]h¿Øn°p imkv{XimJbpsS B[p\nI in¬]nbp
sa∂mbncn°pw tNmZyw. AXns≥d DØcw tIƒ°mt\m hmbn°mt\m a\ nem amb s{]m^. tPm¨ sa\m¿Uv sIbn
°mt\m £abpan√. ≥kv {]`p (Lord Prof. John Maynard
]eni krjvSn°p∂ Zqjy߃ (Evils of Interest) Keynes) (]enibpsS {ZhXzm`nemj
]eni°v hyXykvXamb cq]ßfpw tXmXpap≠v. AXv ]W∏enibpw `£W∏ kn≤m¥Øns≥d (Liquidity Preference
enibpsams° ASßp∂XmWv. ]W∏eni Xs∂ Ipd™ \nc°nep≈Xpw hym] Theory of Interest) D]Pv R mXmhpam
Ihpamb _m¶v ]enibpw Db¿∂ \nc°nep≈Xpw bmsXmcp HutZymKnI \S]Sn Wt±lw) temIØp\n∂v ]eni \n¿am¿
{Ia߃°pw hnt[bamImsX e`n°p∂ \mS≥ h´n∏eni As√¶n¬ "sªbvUv' P\w sNøs∏tS≠Xn\v ]Xn\©v {]_
Iº\nIƒ CuSm°p∂ sªbvSUv ]enibpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. GXv ]enibmbmepw eamb ImcW߃ ]dbp∂ps≠∂v
AXns≥d s]mXpkz`mhw H∂pXs∂. ]t£, NqjWØns≥d tXmXv \nc°n\\p {]ikvX {K\vYImc\mb Shaikh Mah
kcn®v Ipd™pw IqSnbpancn°psa∂v am{Xw. tIcfØn¬ Cu sImSpw NqjWamb mud Ahmed At±lØns≥d ``Towards
sªbvUv ]eni A\nb{¥nXambn kaqlsØ Im¿∂v Xn∂p∂ {]tZiamWv Ip∂w Interest Free Banking'' F∂ ]pkvXIØn
Ipfw. AXpsIm≠pXs∂bmbncn°Ww Gjyms\‰v Sn.hn. irwJe GXm\pw h¿j ¬ (t]Pv 27) ]dbp∂p. AXn¬ G‰hpw
߃°v apºv AhcpsS "\m´cßv' F∂ {]kn≤ Sn.hn. t{]m{Kmans≥d BZysØ F {][m\s∏´ ImcWw s{]m^. sIbn≥kv
∏ntkmUv kn\nam \S≥ {iocmas≥d t\XrXzØn¬ Ip∂wIpfw Su¨-lmfn¬ \S ]dbp∂Xv.- ]eni kaqlØn¬ \ne\n¬
ØnbXns≥d {]tabw ""sªbvUv Iº\nIfpsS "tkh\w': kaqlØn\v KpWIctam °pt∂StØmfw Imew sXmgnen√mbva
tZmjI-ctam'' F∂v sXcs™SpØXv. {]kvXpX ]cn]mSnbn¬ sªbvUv ]eni°v bpw \ne\n¬°psa∂mWv. c≠masØ
A\pIqeambpw {]XnIqeambpw A©pt]¿ hoXw ]s¶SpØv aWn°qdpItfmfw G‰hpw {][m\ImcWw ]eni \mWb
N¿® sNbvXXn¬\n∂v Bbnc°W°m b t{imX-m°ƒ GIIWvTambn FØn s∏cp∏w krjvSn°pIbpw AXv \ne\n¿
t®¿∂ ]enibpsS Nne s]mXptZmjß fmWv Cu `mKw FgpXnt®¿°m≥ t{]c ØpIbpw sNøp∂psh∂pw AXn\p≈
IambXv. ]cnlmcw ]eni\nc°v KWyambn
Ipd°pIbpamsW∂mWv. Cu Bibam
]eni s]mXphnepw sªbvUv ]en i {]tXyIn®pw krjvSn°p∂ Xn∑Ifn Ws{X s{]m^. sIbn≥kns≥d G‰hpw
¬s]´XmWv BXvalXy,- sIme]mXI ߃, am^-nbm kwLßfpsS DXv`hhpw hnπhmXvaIamb kw`mh\. Cu hkvXp
hf¿®bpw, hml\m]IS߃, AXpam bn _\v[s∏´ acW߃ F∂nh. A X At±lØns≥d temI{]ikvX amkv

]eni s]mXphnepw sªbvUv ]eni {]tXyIn®pw krjvSn°p∂

Xn∑Ifn¬s]´XmWv BXvalXy,- sIme]mXI߃, am^-nbm
kwLßfpsS DXv`hhpw hf¿®bpw, hml\m]IS߃,
AXpambn _\v[s∏´ acW߃ F∂nh.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
c-≠mw- tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-Øn¬- tXm-‰- c-≠v- cm-Py-ß-fm-Wv- P¿-a-\n-bpw- P-∏m-
\pw.- {_n-´-\pw- A-ta-cn-°-bpw- bp≤-Øn¬- P-bn-®-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- bp-
≤m-\-¥-c-ap-≈- Cu- \m-ev- h≥- cm-jv-{S-ß-fp-sS- k-º-Zv-L-S-\-Iƒ- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-
am-°n-b- km-º-Øn-I- hn-Z-Kv-[¿-°v- Im-Wm≥ I-gn™-Xv- bp-≤-Øn¬- P-bn-®- cm-
Py-߃- "b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬'- tXm-‰-h-cpw- bp-≤-Øn¬- tXm-‰- cm-Py-߃- "b-Ym¿-Y-
Øn¬'- P-bn-®h-cp-am-bn-cp-s∂-∂m-Wv.
‰¿ ]okv Bb ``General theory of Em-
ployment Interest and Money'' F∂ {K\vY
Ønse 351˛mw t]Pn¬ Cßs\ {]Jym]n
°p∂p. ``Extinction of Unemployment is
not possible without euthanasia of the
rentier'' (kmcw: ]eni°v ]Ww ISw
sImSp°p∂hsc Zbmh[w \SØnbme
√msX sXmgnen√mbva (temIØp\n∂v)
DOmS\w sNøm≥ km[ya√). At±l
Øns≥d {]_eamb A`n{]mbw ]eni
\nc°v c≠v iXam\ (a technical mini-
mum of 2 %) Ønte°v Ipd®psIm≠ph
cm≥ Ign™m¬ Cu e£yw t\Smsa
∂mWv Cu ]d™ \n¿tZ- i tØmSv
hfsc ASpØ Hcp kao]\ coXn
ssIs°m≠ temIØnse GI
cmPyamb kzn‰v k ¿em≥dv {]kv X pX
e£yw t\SpIbp≠mbn F∂Xv Hcp
Ncn{XkXyamWv. ]ecpw AXv AXn
hnZKv[-ambn ad®psh®pt]mcp∂ps≠
¶nepw! CsXßs\ kw`hn®p F∂dntb
t≠? BZyw kzn‰vk¿em≥dns≥d tI{µ
_m¶v (C¥ybn¬ dnk¿hv _m¶v D≈Xp
t]mse) B cmPyØnse hym]mc _m¶p
Iƒ°v (Commercial) \¬Ip∂ hmbv]I
ƒ°v tI{µ _m¶v CuSm°p∂ ]eni\n
c°v (Bank rate) s{]m^. sIbn≥kv \n¿
tZ-in® sSIv\n°¬ an\na (Technical
minimum) amb c≠v iXam\Øn\v ASp
Øv hsc XmgvØnsIm≠ph∂p. XpS¿∂v
1949 apX¬ 1983hscbp≈ 35 h¿jØn
se kzn‰vk¿em≥dns≥d icmicn _m¶v
td‰v 2.63 iXam\w am{Xambncp∂p. (In-
ternational Financial Statistics Yearbook
1979 by I.M.F. Page 392, 1984 issue, Page
555) AXv `pXIcsa∂v ]dbs´, Hcp
kv s ]jy¬ sIbv k v F∂ \ne°v
bp.F.C b- p w Ipssh‰pw Hgn®m¬
temIØnse Gddhpw Db¿∂
{]Xnio¿j hcpam\w (Per capita income)
kzn‰vk¿em≥dn\mWp≈Xv! (World Devel-
opment Report, 1985 by World Bank, Page
175).
38
Cu t\´Ønt\°mƒ A`qX]q¿hhpw AXnalØchpamb t\´ambncp∂p kzn
‰vk¿em≥dv AXns≥d sXmgnen√mbva A£cm¿YØn¬ Xs∂ \n¿am¿P\w sNbvXp
sh∂Xv!- 1970 ap-X¬- 1980h-sc-bp-≈- Z-i-I-Øn-se- B- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- i-cm-i-cn- sXm-gn
en√m-bv-a- F-{X-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-dn-bm-tam?- 0.-4 i-X-am-\w- am-{Xw-!-- (Yearbook of Labour
Statistics, 1981 by I.L.O. Page325). ""C-Ø-cw- A-km-[m-c-W-Xz-߃- D-≠m-bncp-∂n-´p-
t]m-epw- B- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- \m-Wb - s- ∏-cp-∏\ - v- (Rate of Inflation) tem-IØ
- n-c° - n¬-sht®-
‰hpw- Ip-d-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p''- sh-∂-Xv- H-c-Xv-`p-X-am-Wv- (World Development Report 1985by
the World Bank, Page 175). Cu- A-\p-`-hw- ap-X-em-fn-Ø- km-º-Øn-I- im-kv-{X-Øn-t\-‰-
I-\-Ø- {]-l-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-.-- Im-c-Ww- km-º-Øn-I- im-kv-{X- kn-≤m-¥-{]-Im-cw- sXm-gn-en
√m-bv-a- \n¿-am¿-P-\w- sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂-tXmSp-Iq-Sn- \m-W-b-s∏-cp-∏w- X-e-s]m-°p-∂-Xm-bncn-
°pw,-- A-s√-¶n¬-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°pw (World Development Report, 1985, page 175). C-ßs\-
F-{X-sb-{X- D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv,- A-\p-`-h- bm-Ym¿-Yy-ß-fm-Wv- tem-I- km-º-Ø-n-I- Ncn-
{X-Øn¬-\n-∂v- D-≤-cn-°m-\p-≈-Xv-!-
H-cp- c-k-I-c-am-b- D-Z-m-l-c-Ww-Iq-Sn- ]-d-bm-sX- h-ø.- c-≠mw- tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-Øn¬-
tXm-‰- c-≠v- cm-Py-ß-fm-Wv- P¿-a-\n-bpw- P-∏m-\pw.- {_n-´-\pw- A-ta-cn-°-bpw- bp≤-Øn¬-
P-bn-®-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- bp-≤m-\-¥-c-ap-≈- Cu- \m-ev- h≥- cm-jv-{S-ß-fp-sS- k-
º-Zv-L-S-\-Iƒ- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b- km-º-Øn-I- hn-Z-Kv-[¿-°v- Im-Wm≥ I-gn™-Xv-
bp-≤-Øn¬- P-bn-®- cm-Py-߃- "b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬'- tXm-‰-h-cpw- bp-≤-Øn¬- tXm-‰- cm-Py-
߃- "b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬'- P-bn-®h-cp-am-bn-cp-s∂-∂m-Wv.- C-Xn-\v- ]-e- Im-c-W߃- ]-d-b-
s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-b- H-s∂m-gn-®v.- A-sX-¥-m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-t√?- tXm-
‰- cm-Py-ß-fm-b- P¿-a-\n-bn-se-bpw- P-∏m-\n-se-bpw- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- km-º-Øn-I- h-f¿-
®m-\n-c-°p-≠m-b- (Period of the highest growth rate) Im-e-b-f-hn-se _m-¶v-td-‰v,- bp≤w- P-
bn-®- cm-Py-ß-fn-se- _m-¶v- td-‰n-t\-°mƒ- K-Wy-am-bn- Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-∂p.- sX-fnhv- X-cmw-:-
I.M.F s≥-d- 1984se- International Financial Statistics Year Book se- kv-Yn-Xn-hn-h-c-I-W-
°-\p-k-cn-®v- Cu- \m-ev- cm-Py-ß-fn-se- i-cm-i-cn- hm¿-jn-I- _m-¶v- \n-c-°v- (Bank rate)
1970 Z-i-IØn¬- C-{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.- P¿-a-\n 4.-8 i-X-am-\w,- P-∏m≥- 6.-12 i-Xam\w,-
A-ta-cn-°- 9.-45 i-X-am-\w,- {_n-´≥- 11.-45i-X-am-\w.-
{]-]-©- {k-j-vSm-hpw- \n-b-¥-m-hpw- a-\p-jy-\-S-°-ap-≈- kr-jv-Sn-I-fp-sS- {k-jv-Sm-
hpw- ]-cn-]m-e-I-\pw- I-cp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bpw- ]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\pw- kr-jv-Sn-I tfm-Sv- ]-c-a-Z-
bm-ep-hpw- ]m-]-߃- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-\pw- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- Zn-h-k-Øn-s≥-d- D-S-a-kv-Y-\p-am-
b- A-√m-lp- ]-en-i- \n-tcm-[n-®-se am-\-hn-I-X- F-ß-s\- {]-I-S-am-Im-Xncn-°pw.- ]-t£,-
kzm¿-Y-a-Xn-bm-b- a-\p-jy≥- h-f-sc- Ip-d-®v- am-{X-sa _p-≤n- {]-tbm-Kn°p-∂p-≈q.- {]n-b-
s∏-´- hm-b-\-°m¿- I-gn-bp∂-{X- hm-bn-°p-I˛th-Z-{K-\v-Y-hp-w,- km-º-Øn-I- im-kv-{X-hpw,-
k-Xyw- a-\- n-em-°p-I.- F-√m- ap≥-hn[n-I-fpw- am-‰n-sh-°p-I.- Xp-d-∂- a-\-t m-sS- Im-cy-
߃- {K-ln-°p-I.- \-∂m-bn- Nn-¥n-°p-I.- B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-bn-k-w-h-Zn-°p-I.- {k-jv-Sm-hv-
Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- am¿-Kw- F-fp-∏-am-°n-Ø-cpw.- A-Xm-Wv- A-\p-`-hw.-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
(t]-Pv- 20 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ tNm-tZym-Ø-c-߃--...)
IbmWv. k¶¬]n®v Ign™n´v ]ns∂ you are
immediately showing is as an error. What was the
second question. H∂pw aq∂pw Ign™p.
A[y£≥: Zbhmbn´v F\ns°mcp sNdn
b \n¿tZiap≠v. {_Z¿ aq∂v tNmZy߃ tNmZn
®p. tPm¨k¨ km¿ kab]cn[n Ign™pw
adp]Sn ]dtb≠nh∂p. Ipsdb[nIw kabw
\Ωƒ AXn\v spend sNbvXp t]mbn. AXpsIm
≠v Zbhmbn´v tNmZyI¿Øm°ƒ Hcp tNmZyw
am{Xw tNmZn°pI. F¶n¬ am{Xsa kab_\v[n
Xambn´v ]cn]mSn apt∂m´v sIm≠pt]mIm≥
Ignbq. Hcp tNmZyw AXn\v adp]Sn. ASpØ
tNmZyw ASpØbmƒ tNmZn°pI. AXmbn
cn°pw \√sX∂v Rm≥ moderate sNøp∂p.
Thank you.
tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv B\µv, s]cpºmhq
cn¬ Xmakn°p∂p. tamibpsS XudmØn¬
Ckvemw hnizkn°p∂psh∂mWv Rm≥ a\ n
em°nbXv. tamibpsS XudmØn¬ ^tdmhsb
°pdn®v F¥v ]dbp∂p. ^tdmhsb°pdn®p≈
A{_lmw {]hmNIs≥d ImeL´Ønep≈
CuPn]vXnse cmPmhns\°pdn®v ss__nƒ ^tdmh F∂v
hnfn°p∂p. AXv Ncn{XØns\XncmWv.
Ckvemans≥d ImgvN∏mSv F¥msW∂v Adn
bm≥ B{Kln°p∂p.
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv _ ¿): tNmZyw
H∂pIqSn Bh¿Øn°pI.
tNmZyI¿Ømhv: ^tdmhsb°pdn®v ss_
_nƒ ]dbp∂Xv sX‰msW∂v AIv_¿ ]d™n
cp∂p. Ckv e mw tamibpsS XudmØn¬
hnizkn°p∂psh∂mWv Rm≥ a\ nem°n
bXv. Asæn Ckveman\v tamibpsS Xudm
Øpambn´v Fs¥¶nepw _\v[apt≠m. Ds≠
¶n¬ AXn¬ ^tdmhsb°pdn®v F¥v ]dbp∂p
F∂dnbm≥ Xm¬]cyw.
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_¿): kplrØns≥d
tNmZyw; Ckvemw tamibpsS XudmØn¬ hniz
kn°p∂p F∂mWv kplrØv a\ nem°nbXv.
^tdmhsb°pdn®v ss__nƒ ]d™Xn¬
A_≤ap≠v F∂v Rm≥ ]d™p. AXns\°p
dn®v Ckvemw F¥v ]dbp∂p. Jp¿B≥ F¥v
]dbp∂p F∂mWt√m;- At√?
Ckvemw tamsi {]hmNI\v ssZhw \¬In
b XudmØn¬ ]q¿Wambpw hnizkn°p∂p. ]
39
t£, B XudmØv C∂v D]e_v[-a√. AtXXv
XudmØmWv? Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p, A©mw
A[ymbw,- kqdØv amCZbn¬ 44˛mw hN\Øn¬:-
"\mw BWv XudmØns\ tamsi°v Xo¿®bm
bpw AhXcn∏n®n´p≈Xv. AXn¬ k∑m¿KZ¿
i\hpw {]Imihpap≠v'. tamsi°v ssZhw Xºp
cm≥ AhXcn∏n® XudmØv,- tamsi ]Tn∏n®
XudmØv, AXn¬ Ckvemw hnizkn°p∂p.
AXv ]q¿Wambpw icnbmbncp∂psh∂v kΩXn
°p∂p. ]t£, AXn¬ ]eXpw ISØn°q´nb
\nebnemWv Ct∏mƒ e`yambncn°p∂Xv. A-
Xv- Rm≥ t\csØ kqNn∏n®p. kvYm]n®p.
Ckvemw ^tdmhsb°pdn®v F¥v ]dbp∂p
F∂mWv kplrØns≥d ASpØ tNmZyw. AXv
`pXIcw;- ]cnip≤ Jp¿Bs≥d ssZhnIX
°p≈ IrXyamb sXfnhmbn°qSn CXv \nesIm
≈pIbmWv. Rm≥ ]d™p. A{_lmw {]hmN
Is≥d ImeL´Ønep≈ CuPn]vXnse cmPm
hns\°pdn®v ss__nƒ ^tdmh F∂v hnfn°p
∂p. AXv Ncn{XØns\XncmWv. Ncn{XØn¬
e`n®n´p≈ sXfnhpIƒ°v FXncmWv. AtX
t]mseXs∂ tbm-k^ns≥d ImeØp≈ CuPn
]vXnse cmPmhns\ ss__nƒ 90 XhW ^tdm
h F∂v hnfn°p∂p. AXpw In´nb sXfnhpI
ƒ°v FXncmWv. tamsibpsS ImeØn\v sXm´p
apºmWv ^tdmh F∂ ]Z{]tbmKw h∂Xv.
Jp¿B\n¬ ^tdmh F∂Xn\v XØpeyambn´p
≈ ]Z{]tbmKw ^n¿Hu≥ F∂mWv. ]cnip≤
Jp¿B\n¬ A{_lmans≥d Ncn{Xw hniZoIcn
°p∂p≠v. B ImeL´Ønse cmPmhns\- Hcn°
epw Jp¿B≥ ^n¿Hu≥ F∂v hnfn°p∂n√. ^
tdmh F∂v hnfn°p∂n√. AtXt]mse tbmtk
^ns≥d ImeL´Ønse Ncn{Xw Ipd®v hniZ
ambnØs∂ Jp¿B≥ hniZoIcn°p∂p≠v. Jp¿
Bs≥d 12˛masØ A[ymbw Xs∂ kqdØp¬
bqkp^mWv. B kqdØp¬ bqkp^n¬ hfsc
hniZambnØs∂ Jp¿B≥ hniZoIcn°p∂p
≠v; tbmtk^ns≥d ImesØ Ncn{Xw. Ahn
sSbpw B cmPmhns\ ^n¿Hu≥ F∂v hnfn°p
∂n√. ^tdmh F∂v hnfn°p∂n√. adn®v Jp¿
B≥ tamsibpsS ImeL´Ønse cmPmhns\
am{Xsa ^n¿Hu≥ F∂v hnfn°p∂p≈q. Jp¿B
≥ IrXyamWv, kXyk\v[amWv, ssZhnIamWv
F∂Xn\v ]e sXfnhpIfn¬ H∂mbn;- ss__n
fnse ssZhnIX°v FXnscbp≈ sXfnhv Jp¿
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
Bs≥d ssZhnIX°v A\pIqeamb sXfnhmbn
amdp∂Xv \Ωƒ ImWpIbmWv. hnibm[njvTn
Xa√, F¶nepw tNmZn®t∏mƒ Rm≥ DØcw ]d
™XmWv. F√mw hnjbm[njvTnXa√msb∂v
]d™v X≈n°fbp∂ Hcp coXnbmWv Cu
`mKØp\n∂v kzoIcn®Xv F∂v \n߃ ]db
cpXt√m F∂v hnNmcn®v ]d™XmWv. ChnsS
Jp¿B≥ IrXyambn B ]Z{]tbmKw D∂bn
°p∂p F∂p≈XmWv Jp¿Bs≥d khnti
jX. Jp¿B≥ ss__nfn¬\n∂v tIm∏nbSn®v
FgpXnbXmWv F∂v hfsc `wKy¥tcW ]d
™pt]mbn Fs≥d Nne kplrØp°ƒ . AXn
s\Xnsc°qSnbmWv Cu sXfnhv. Jp¿B\n¬,
ss__nfnep≈ CØcØnep≈ bmsXmcp
A_≤hpw IS∂pIqSnbn´n√. tIm∏nbSn®Xm
sW¶n¬ CØcw A_≤߃ Jp¿B\n¬
D≠mtI≠nbncp∂p. \n߃ ]Tn°pI F∂v
Rm≥ kqNn∏n°p∂p.
tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv A_vZp∂-mkn-¿.
aqe`mjbnep≈ ]pXnb \nbaa√ Fs≥d
Iønep≈Xv. tbip{InkvXphns≥d [mcmfw hN
\ßsf°pdn®v Rm≥ a\ nem°p∂p≠v. AXn
ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIXsb°pdn®p≈ CkvemanIamb
ho£Ww Rm≥ ]d™pIgn™p. AXn¬ ssZhnIamb
hN\ßfpap≠v. {]hmNI∑mcpsS hN\ßfp≠v.
]ptcmlnX∑mcpsS hN\ßfp≠v.
¬- tbip{InkvXp ]d™ncn°p∂ Hcp hN\Øn
s≥d hniZoIcWØn\pth≠nbmWv Fs≥d
tNmZyw. AXmbXv aØmbnbpsS kphntijw
12˛mw A[ymbØns≥d 39 apXep≈ hmIy߃
hmbn°ptºmƒ imkv{Xnamcpw ]coi-∑mcpw
tbiphns≥d ASp°¬h-∂v kwkmcn®t∏mƒ
tZmjhpw hy`-nNmchpap≈ Xeapd ASbmfw
sIm≠√msX hnizkn°pIbns√∂v ]dbp∂p.
At∏mƒ tbip{InkvXp ChnsS ]dbp∂Xv
tbm\ {]hmNIs≥d Ncn{XamWv. tbm\ {]hm
NI≥ aXvkyØns≥d hb‰n¬ aq∂v cmhpw aq∂v
]Iepw Ccp∂Xpt]mse a\pjy]p{X\pw `qan
bpsS D≈nencn°pw F∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv. CXn
s≥d hniZoIcWw F\n°v a\ nemIp∂n√.
tbip{InkvXp `qanbpsSbp≈n¬ aq∂v cmhpw
aq∂v ]Iepw tbm\m {]hmNI≥ aXvkyØn
s≥d hb‰n¬ Ccp∂Xpt]mse Ccp∂psh∂v
ss__nfn¬ FhnsSbmWv tcJs∏SpØnbncn
°p∂sX-∂-v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂n√. aqe`mj
A√msb¶n¬IqSn AXn\v hniZoIcWw th
Ww. aqe`mj ChnsSbp≈hcpsS BcpsSsb
¶nepw ]°eps≠¶n¬ AXn¬ t\m°nbmsW
¶nepw km¿ AXn\v adp]Sn ]dbWsa∂v At]
40
£n°p∂p.
adp]Sn (tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v): aebmf
Øn¬ hmbn®Xn¬ aqe`mj FhnsSh∂psh∂
Xv F\n°v a\ nembn√. I will leave it. aØmbn,
am¿t°mkv, eqt°mkv, tbml∂m≥ \mev kphn
tijßfnepw emkv‰v aq∂v \mev A[ymb߃
FSpØv t\m°n°gn™m¬ AhnsSsb√m`mK
Øpw I¿Ømhmb tbiq{InkvXphns\ AS°n
sb∂pw AXpIgn™v tbip{InkvXp I√dbn¬
D≠mbncp∂psh∂pap-≈ details ]d™n´p≠v.
At∏mƒ AhnsS kplrØn\v {]iv\sa¥mbncp
∂psh∂p≈Xv F\n°v a\ nembn√. tbm\
Poht\msS D≠mbncp∂psh∂p≈Xv ss__nfn
¬ FhnsSbpan√. AXv Xm¶ƒ Iq´nt®¿ØXm
Wv. Hcp request D≠v. kabw save sNøWsa
¶n¬ questions tNmZn°p∂h¿ Ipds®m∂v AXv
clear Bbn´v especially \nßfpsS k¶¬]w,-
AsXm∂v kvYm]n®v ]d™pIgn™m¬ As√
¶n¬ k¶¬]Øn\v ]Icw clear Bbn´v ]d
™pIgn™m¬ that will be good.
tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv kt¥mjv kmapth
¬. tbip{InkvXphns\bpw kIe \_nIsf
bpw {]hmNI∑mscbpw AhcpsS {]hrØnIsf
bpw BZc]q¿h-w AwKoIcn® ankv‰¿ AIv_¿
thZ]pkvXIØns≥d ZnhyXsb AdnbmsX
Xs∂ AwKoIcn°p∂psh∂v Rm≥ ]d™pI
gn™m¬ \ntj[n°m≥ ]‰ptam?
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_¿): ktlmZc
s≥d tNmZyw,- "\ntj[n°m≥ ]‰ptam...- Rm≥
AdnbmsX AwKoIcn®m¬ AXv \ntj[n°m≥
]‰ptam'- F∂mWv. ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX
sb°pdn®p≈ CkvemanIamb ho£Ww Rm≥
]d™pIgn™p. AXn¬ ssZhnIamb hN\
ßfpap≠v. {]hmNI∑mcpsS hN\ßfp≠v.
]ptcmlnX∑mcpsS hN\ßfp≠v. a\pjycpsS
hN\ßfp≠v. ]ecpsSbpw hN\ßfp≠v. CsX
√mw IqSn°pg™n´mWv kvYnXnsNøp∂Xv. {]
hmNI∑msc°pdn®v F¥psIm≠v hnizkn°p
∂p?- {]hmNI∑msc°pdn®v hfsc hyIvXambn
]cnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n®pXcp∂p. ChnsS
ss__nfn¬ ]dbp∂p F∂ GIImcWw sIm
≠√ {]hmNI∑msc°pdn®v Rm≥ hnizkn°p
∂Xv. ]cnip≤ Jp¿B≥ B {]hmNI∑mcpsS
kXyX°v km£yw \n¬°p∂p. B {]hmNI
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
∑m¿ Bcmbncp∂p F∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂p. ss_
_nƒ t\csØ kqNn∏n® coXnbn¬ {]hmNI
∑msc sIm≈cpXmØhcmbn ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ
Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p, A√...-A√....-{]hmNI∑msc
√mw am\hIpeØn\mIam\w amXrIm-]cambn
Pohn®hcmsW∂v. ss__nƒ {]Imcw C{km
Cuente°v Ab°s∏´ {]hmNI∑mcn¬s]´
hyIvXnbmb tbip{InkvXp,- \nßfpsS hmZ{]
Imcw ssZh]p{X≥, Cu tbip{InkvXp ss_
_nƒ {]Imcw BZyambn {]h¿Øn® AXv`pXw
Im\mbnse IeymWhncp∂n¬ ]®sh≈w
ho™m°n am‰nb AXv`pXamWvv. ]cnip≤ Jp¿
B\n¬ ]dbp∂ AXv`pXw ˛\n߃°nXv ]nSn
°p∂n√ A-t√?- ˛ \Ωƒ°n-Xv ]dbptºmƒ
]nSn°p∂n√. tbip{InkvXphns≥d t]cn¬ AXv
]dbpIbpw sNømw. Fs¥mcp IjvSw! tbip
{InkvXphns≥d t]cn¬ AXv Btcm]n°mw. B
sX‰v Btcm]n°mw. ]t£, \Ωƒ°v AXv Cj
vSs∏Sp∂n√. CsX¥mWv?- AXmWv ]dbp∂X,-
v\Ωƒ°v CjvSs∏SmØ Hcp Imcyw tbip
{InkvXp Hcn°epw sNbvXn´n√. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp
∂ BZysØ AXv`pXw F¥mWv?- Jp¿B\n¬
Jp¿B≥ ss__nfn¬\n∂v Is´SpØv FgpXnbXmsW¶n¬
Bdmw \q‰m≠n¬t]mepw C≥^m≥ kn tKmkv]¬
Atd_ybnse BfpIƒ D]tbmKn®ncp∂psh∂v \Ωƒ
kΩXnt°≠nhcpw.
]dbp∂ BZysØ AXv`pXw;- tbip {Inkv
Xphns≥d amXmhmb I\ymadnb K¿`nWnbmIp
∂p. K¿`nWnbmbXn\ptijw {]khn°p∂p. {]
khn®n´v Ip™ns\bpambns°m≠v Xs≥d kaq
lØnte°v Cdßnhcp∂p. Cdßnhcp∂ ka
bØv kaqlØnse {]amWnam¿ IS∂ph∂p
sIm≠v tNmZn°p∂p. F¥mWv adnbta \ns≥d
{]h¿Ø\w. \o tXm∂yhmknbmbnt∏mbt√m!-
\o Altcms≥d ]p{Xnamcn¬ Hcmfmbn´v Adnb
s∏Sp∂ hyIvXnbmWt√m.- Cu kabØv adnb
H∂pw ]dbm\n√msX \n»_vZbmbn, ImcWw
]cnip≤mXvamhn\m¬ K¿`nWnbmbXmsW∂v-
AhnSsØ BfpItfmSv ]d™n´v bmsXmcp
Imcyhpan√. Ah¿ hy`nNmcamWv Btcm]n°p
I. At∏mƒ Ah¿ F¥v sNøp∂p?- Ip™ns≥d
t\¿°v hnc¬Nq≠p∂p. hnc¬Nq≠p∂ kab
Øv sXm-´nen¬ InS°p∂ B ]n©pss]X¬
AXm ]dbm≥ XpSßp∂p. B ]n©p ss]X¬
kwkmcn°m≥ XpSßp∂p.- ]cnip≤ Jp¿B\n
se 19˛masØ A[ymbØn¬ \ap°Xv- ImWm≥
Ignbpw. At∏mƒ Rm≥ ]dbp∂sX¥msW∂p
sh®m¬ ss__ntfm a‰v {K\vYßtfm,- Nnet∏m
ƒ ]dbpw C≥^m≥kn tKmkv]en¬ D≈XmWv
41
Cu hN\ßsf∂v. Aßs\bmsW¶n¬,- Jp¿
B≥ ss__nfn¬\n∂v Is´SpØv FgpXnbXm
sW¶n¬ Bdmw \q‰m≠n¬t]mepw C≥^m≥
kn tKmkv]¬ Atd_ybnse BfpIƒ D]tbm
Kn®ncp∂psh∂v \Ωƒ kΩXnt°≠nhcpw.
AhnsS \ΩpsS Imt\m\ns\°pdn® ]pXnb
k¶¬]߃ ho≠pw IS∂phtc≠nhcpw. Jp¿
B≥ Cukm (A)sb°pdn®v hfsc kpµcamb
Nn{Xw \¬Ip∂p. F¥mWv BZyambn AXv`p
Xw sNbvXXv. amXmhns≥d Nmcn{XyØn¬ kwi
bw {]ISn∏n® P\ßtf A√!- A√!- Fs≥d
amXmhv XnI®pw AXv`pXIcambn ssZhnIamb
A\p{KlwsIm≠v K¿`nWnbmbXmWv F∂v
sXfnbn®psIm≠v sXm´nen¬\n∂v kwkmcn
°p∂ Ip´nbmbn. AtXkabw,- ss__nƒ ]cn
Nbs∏SpØp∂Xv Im\mbnse IeymWhncp∂n
¬ ]®sh≈w aZyam°nb hyIvXnbmbn!- BZy
sØ AXv`pXw AXmWv. AXpsIm≠mWv Rm
≥ ]d™Xv. \nßsf {]bmks∏SpØm≥ th
≠nb√. At∏mƒ Jp¿B\n¬ ]dbp∂psh∂p
≈XpsIm≠mWv Imcy߃ \Ωƒ AwKoIcn
°p∂Xv. AX√msX ss__nfn¬ ]d™psh
∂p≈XpsIm≠√. ss__nfnse Bib߃
°v,- ss__nfnse ]cma¿i߃s°√mw apI
fnep≈ Hcp kwc£Wambns°m≠mWv Jp¿
B≥ kvYnXnsNøp∂Xv. F¥mWv ssZhw Ah
Xcn∏n®Xv F∂p≈Xv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n®pXcp
∂p≠v F∂mWv hnizkn°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv bq\pkv. t\csØ
tPm¨k¨ km¿ ]d™p;- Alkymhv cmPmhv
cmPhmgvN XpSßnb-t∏mƒ- At±l-Øn-∂v 42
hb mbncp∂psh∂v. ANvO - ≥ acn®v Ipd®pIm
e߃°ptijw--˛ B- I-mew ]d™n√. F∂m¬
ChnsS ]dbp∂Xv Alkymhv cmPhmgvN XpS
ßnbt∏mƒ 22 hb mbncp∂psh∂m-Wv.- GXm
Wv ss__nfnse bmYm¿Yyw?- CXn¬ GXmWv
Rm≥ AwKoIcnt°≠Xv?- c≠mwZn\ hrØm
¥w 22˛mw A[ymbØnem-W-nXp- ]dbp-∂-Xv.---
adp]Sn˛ h¿Kokv kmaph¬: Cu tNmZy
Øn\v ChnsS DØcw ]d™XmWv. CXn\nS°v
Hcp ImcywIqSn ]dt™ms´ thZ]pkvXIw ]Tn
t°≠Xv˛ apºv AIv_¿ kmln_v ]d™Xp
t]mse, ss__nƒ ]Tnt°≠Xv apkvenwIƒ
]Tn°p∂Xpt]mseb√. {Inkv X ym\nIfmb
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
R߃ ]Tn°p∂Xpt]mse ss__nƒ ]Tn°
Ww. F¶nte ss__nƒ ]Tn®m¬ a\ nemI
Øp≈q.- am{Xa√,- Cu ssZh hN\Ønse
{]hN\sØ°pdn®v ]d™t∏mƒ AXn-s\-mcp
hniZoIcWw \¬tI≠Xv- BhiyamsW∂v
F\n°v tXm∂n. ChnsS tbiq{InkvXphns\
°pdn®p≈ ]e {]hN\ßfpw FSpØv
]d™t∏mƒ... AXv ]ivNmØehpambn _\v[
s∏´XmWv. AXn\v Hcp XncpØv Xmsg ]dbp∂p
≠v. ImcWw sX‰n≤cn°s∏Sm≥ km[yXbp≈
Hcp.... (Fw.Fw. AIv_dn\p≈ adp]Snt]mse
{]kwKn®pXpSßnbXn\m¬ thZnbn¬ hmKzmZw
\S°p∂p. HSphn¬ tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v
Fgpt∂‰psIm≠v ]dbp∂p) "{]iv\w CXmWv.
Rm≥ ]d™ Hcp ImcyØn\v ankv‰¿ AIv_¿
directly adp]Sn ]d™p. AXv ]dbm≥ ]mSn√m
sb∂v Rm≥ appeal sNbvXp. AXpIgn™t∏m
ƒ ankv‰¿ AIv_¿ Rm≥ ]d™ H∂n\pw adp
]Sn ]d™n√. Fs≥d IqsSbp≈ ]mkv‰¿
jmPn ]dbp∂p R߃°pw AXpt]mse Hcp
{]mhiyw \nbaw ewLn°m≥ A\phZn°Wsa
∂v.- Rm≥ ]mkv‰dnt\°mƒ senior BbXpsIm
R߃ B[nImcnIambn´v AwKoIcn°p∂Xv
]pXnb \nbaw {Ko°nep≈Xpw ]gb
\nbaw F{_mb `mjbnepw AXpt]mse
Xs∂ AdmanIv `mjbnepw
D≈Xns\bmWv.
≠v A-Xv- completely hot‰m sNøp∂p. Hcmƒ
ewLn®XpsIm≠v at‰bmƒ ewLn°Wsa∂n
√. c≠pt]cpw equal BIp∂n√. tit for tat Rß
fpsS principle A√. AXpsIm≠v Rm≥ ]mkv‰
¿ jmPnsb hot‰m sNbvXncn°p∂p'.-
tNmZyw: Fs≥d t]cv amXyp, s]cpºmhq¿,
km[mcWKXnbn¬ {]hmNI≥ F∂v ]dbp∂
Xv `mhn Imcyßsf°pdn®v ]dtb≠p∂ Imcy
߃ ]dbp∂ Hcmfns\bmWv. t\ml, tami,-
ZmhoZv apXemb {]hmNI∑msc√mw sX‰n¬
AIs∏´pt]mbn´p≈hcmWv. F∂m¬ AIs∏
SmØh\mbn Hcmƒ am{Xsa D≠mbncp∂p≈q.
D≈q Ct∏mgpw. AXv I¿Ømhmb tbip{In
kvXp am{XamWv. tbip {InkvXphns\ R߃
{]hmNI≥ F∂v AwKoIcn®n´n√, ssZhw
F∂mWv R߃ AwKoIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. Aß
s\bmWv RßtfmSv ]d™ncn°p∂Xpw.
F∂m¬ _m°nbp≈hsc√mw˛ aplΩZv
Dƒs∏sS F√mhcpw˛ sX‰n¬ AIs∏´pt]m
bn´p≈hcmWv. tbip{InkvXphns≥d \nehm
cØnte°v Chcmcpw Db¿∂n´n√. Dbcms\m´v
km[yhpa√. tbip{InkvXphns\ R߃ ssZh
]p{Xs\∂v ]dbptºmƒ ss__nfns≥d
42
ssZhnIX AXns≥d IqsS shfns∏Sp∂p≠v.
tbip{Inkv X p kwkmcn®sX√mw, tbip
{InkvXp ap≥Iq´n ]d™ Imcyßsf√mw, tbip
{InkvXp sNbvXImcyßsf√mw tbip{InkvXp
hns≥d ssZhXzsØ shfns∏SpØp∂p. tbip
{InkvXphns\ kw_\v[n®v FgpXnbn´p≈Xmb
]pkvXIØn¬- tbiphns≥d PohNcn{XsØ
°pdn®v sX‰pIsfm∂pw Nq≠n°mWn°m\n√.
I¿Ømhns≥d kIe {]hy-ØnIsfbpw FgpXn
sh®ncn°p∂Xmbn´p≈ Cu ]pkvXIw ssZhn
Iw Xs∂bmWv.
adp]Sn (Fw.Fw. AIv_¿): tNmtZymØc
Øn\p≈ thZnbmWn-Xv.- A`n{]mb {]IS\߃
°p≈ thZnb√. Aßs\bmsW¶n¬ F√mh¿
°pw Atßm´pw Ctßm´pw A`n{]mb {]IS\
߃ \SØmw. kplrØv H∂pw tNmZn®n´n√.
a‰p≈ {]hmNI∑msc√mw sX‰v sNbvXn´p≠v.
tbip{InkvXp sX‰v sNbvXn´n√. tbip {InkvXp
{]hmNI\√. {]hmNI\mbn´√ \Ωƒ hnNmcn
°p∂Xv- F-s∂m-s°-bmWv- ]-d-™-Xv.- ]t£,
tbip{InkvXp kzbw {]hmNI\msW∂mWv
]dbp∂Xv. tbip{InkvXphns≥d injy∑m¿
{]hmNI∑mcmsW∂mWv IcpXnbXv. At∏m
kvXe∑m¿ tbiphns\ ssZhZmk\mbn´mWv
IcpXnbXv. CsX√mw ss__nfn¬ D≈XmWv.
aØmbnbpsS kphntijw- 10˛mw A[ymbØn¬
58˛mw hN\Øn¬ tbip kzbw {]hmNI
\mbn´mWv ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. AXp-t]mse
Xs∂ injy∑m¿ tbiphns\°pdn®v ]d™Xv
˛eqt°mkns≥d kphntijw 24˛mw A[ymbØn
se 19˛mw hN\Øn¬-˛ "Ah≥ ssZhØns≥d
bpw a\pjycpsSbpw apºn¬ iIvX\mb {]hm
NI≥'-F∂mWv. AXp-t]mseXs∂ tbiphns\
°pdn®v- At∏mkvXe∑m¿ a\ nem°nbXv˛
At∏mkvXe{]hrØnIƒ aq∂mw A[ymbØn
se13˛mwhN\w- ˛ A{_lmans≥dbpw- Ckv a m
Cuens≥dbpw Ckv l mJns≥dbpw \ΩpsS
]q¿h {]hmNI∑mcpsSbpw ssZhw Ahs≥d
Zmk\mb tbiphns\ alXzs∏SpØnsb∂m
Wv. tbip Zmk\mWv F∂v At∏mkvXe∑m¿
a\ nem°n. injy∑m¿ tbip {]hmNI\msW
∂v a\ nem°n. tbip kzbw {]hmNI\msW
∂v ]d™p. ]t£, R߃ AwKoIcn°n√msb
∂mWv. AhnsSbmWv {]iv\w. tbip F¥m
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
tWm kzbw ]d™Xv, tbip F¥mtWm {]
Jym]n®Xv,-tbip F¥mtWm ]Tn∏n®Xv AXv
]n¥pScpI F∂p≈XmWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p
∂Xv. AXmWv hyXymkw. F√m {]hmNI∑m
cpw Htct]mse sX‰pIfn¬\n∂pw apIvXcmbncp
∂psh∂p≈XmWv C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.--
(tNmZyI¿Ømhv CS°pIbdn tNmZyw tNmZn
°m≥ Hcpßp∂p) kplrØv tNmZyØn\v DØ
cw tIƒ°pI;- AhnsS Ccn°pI. ho-≠pw- Ah
kcw Ds≠¶n¬ Xcmw. ]t£, Ahkcan√. C
hnSsØ \nbaw AXmWv. \nba{]Imcw c≠m
aXv Ahkcw sImSp°m≥ \n-¿hm-l-an√. AXp
sIm≠mWv. Aßs\sbmcp \nbaw FgpXnbp
≠m°n.
(tNmZyI¿Ømhv ho≠pw CSs]Sp∂p)
"_m°nbp≈hscsb√mw {]hmNI∑m
cmbn´v AwKoIcn®mepw tbip{InkvXphns\
{]hmNIs\∂v am{Xw AwKoIcn®m¬ t]mc,
tbip{InkvXp ]t{Xmknt\mSv tNmZn®p: Fs∂
°pdn®v a\pjy≥ F¥v ]dbp∂p?- ]t{Xmkv ]d
bp∂p: \o Poh\p≈ ssZhØns≥d ]p{X\mb
{InkvXp.'-
F¥mWv C{kmCu¬ ssZh]p{X≥ F∂p≈XpsIm≠v
IcpXnbsX∂v \Ωƒ a\ nem°Ww. tbip kzbw
a\pjy]p{X\msW∂mWv ]d™Xv. tbip kzbw a\pjy
]p{X≥ F∂v ]d™Xv ss__nfn¬ DS\ofw ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
adp]Sn: AsX, tbiphns≥d ssZhXzØn
te°v t]mhpIbmWv \ΩpsS N¿®. N¿®bpsS
kabw IqSpw. AXmWv {]iv\w. tbiphns\°p
dn®v am{Xa√ ss__nfn¬ ssZh]p{X≥ F∂v
]d™n´p≈Xv. hniZambn N¿® sNtø≠Xm
W-n-X-v. \n߃ FSpØv ]cntim[n°m≥ th≠n
Nne hN\߃ ]d™pXcmw. ]pd∏mSv \memw
A[ymbØnse 22˛mw hN\Øn¬ C{kmCu¬
\Ωƒ ssZh]p{Xs\∂v ]d™n´p≠v. k¶o¿
Ø\w c≠mw A[ymbØnse GgmasØ hN\
Øn¬ ZmhoZv ssZhØns≥d ]p{X≥ F∂v ]d
™n´p≠v. AtXt]mse bncaym {]hmNIs≥d
31˛mw A[ymbØnse GgmasØ hN\Øn¬
F{^bnw ssZhØns≥d ]p{Xs\∂v ]d™n´p
≠v. At∏mƒ ssZhØns≥d ]p{X≥ F∂p≈
]Z{]tbmKwsIm≠v am{Xw B ]p{X≥ F∂p≈
A¿Yw hcp∂n√. adn®v F¥mWv C{kmCu¬
ssZh]p{X≥ F∂p≈XpsIm≠v IcpXnbsX∂v
\Ωƒ a\ nem°Ww. tbip kzbw a\pjy]p
{X\msW∂mWv ]d™Xv. tbip kzbw a\pjy
]p{X≥ F∂v ]d™Xv ss__nfn¬ DS\ofw
ImWm≥ Ignbpw. At∏mƒ F\n°v kqNn∏n°m
\p≈Xv Fs¥∂psh®m¬ tNmtZymØcØn
43
te°v IS°pI. \Ωsf√mhcpw kphntij
{]kwKØn\pw Jp¿B≥ ¢mkn\pwth≠n CXn
s\ D]tbmKs∏SpØnbm¬ Imcyan√. hnjb
hpambn _\v[s∏´ tNmZy߃ tNmZn°pI.
DØcw ]dbs´. tPm¨k¨ km¿ ]dbs´. Cu
]m\en¬\n∂v Rßfpw ]dbmw. AX√msX
\Ωƒ HmtcmcpØcpw kphntij {]kwKØn
\pth≠n {ian®m¬, As√¶n¬ Jp¿B≥ ¢mkn
\pth≠n {ian®m¬ \S°n√. AXv KpWIcam
In√. adn®v tNmZy߃ tNmZn°s´.- DØc߃
C≥im A√m ChnsS\n∂v e`n°pw. DØcw ]d
bptºmƒ \Ωƒ AklnjvWpX ImWnt°≠.
tbip ssZh]p{X\√msb∂mWv Rm≥ hnizkn
°p∂Xv. AXv kvYm]n°m≥ F\n°v kzm`mhnI
ambn´pw A[nImcap≠v, AhImiap≠v. AXv
Rm≥ ss__nfns≥dbpw Jp¿B\n-s≥dbpw
ASnkvYm\Øn¬ kvYm]n°pw. ChnsS F¥n
\mWv AklnjvWpX?- AXv kvYm]n°p∂Xv
tI´p\n¬°pI. \n߃°v tNmZn°m≥ AhIm
iaps≠¶n¬ F\n°v DØcw ]dbm\pw AhIm
iap≠v. AXv \n߃ tI´ncn°Ww. ]n∂oSv
ASpØ tNmZyØn¬ F¥mWv hniZoIcn°m
\p≈Xv AXv ]dbWw. AXmWv Hcp kwhmZ
Øns≥d ssien. \Ωƒ AklnjvWp°fmIm
Xncn°pI.
A[y£≥: Zbhmbn´v AIv_¿ kmln_v
Hm¿an∏n®Xpt]mse \Ωƒ hnjbw hn´v tNmZy
߃ ˛DØc߃ sNømXncn°pIbmWv \√Xv.
ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX F∂ hnjbØn¬
am{Xw tI{µoIcn®v \n¬°m≥ {i≤n°m≥
A`y¿Yn°p∂p.
tNmZyw: _lpam\s∏´ tPm¨k¨ kn.
^nen∏v kmdnt\mSv tNmZn°m\p≈Xv. c≠mw
cmPm°∑mcn¬ 26˛mw hN\Øn¬ Cßs\
]d™p: Alkymh-v hmgv-N -XpSßnbt∏mƒ
Ah\v 22 hb mbncp∂p. AXn¬ I¨^yqj≥
D≠mtI≠ Bhiyan√. AtXImcywXs∂
Zn\hrØm¥w 22˛mw A[ymbØn¬ ]d™p:
Alkymkv hmgv-N- XpSßnbt∏mƒ Ah\v 42
hb -mbncp∂p. Hcp kvYeØv 42 hb pw as‰m
cp kvYeØv 22 hb pw. CXv hyIvXamb sshcp
[yamWv. CXn\v Fs¥¶nepw clarifications thW
sa¶n¬ tNmZn°mhp∂XmWv. Ccp∂Xn\pti
jw ho≠pw tNmZn°ptºmƒ kZ -y¿ CSs]tS
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
≠nhcpw.
adp]Sn: Thank you my dear young friend
Ct∏mgmWv tNmZyw clear BbXv. Thank you
very much. ]mkv‰¿ jmPn ChnsS ]d™ Hcp
Imcyap≠v. ss__nƒ hymJym\n°ptºmƒ
AXnt≥dXmb Hcp hymJym\ imkv{Xap≠v.
AXns≥d IqsS Hcp Imcyw IqSn Rm≥ tN¿°
s´. ss__nfnse Ncn{X ]pkvXI߃ hmbn
°ptºmƒ AXn¬ Hcp Ncn{X]ivNmØeap≠v.
AXpIqSn H∂v t\m°nbm¬ \∂mbncn°pw.
A∂sØ ImeØv ]e cmPm°∑mcpw Hcp cer-
tain {]mbØn¬ `cWw XpSßpIbpw as‰mcp
{]mbØn¬ cmPym`ntjIw \S°pIbpw sNbvX
Xmbn´p≈ kw`hap≠v. CXv am{Xa√, ]e kw`
hßfpw ]gb \nbaØnep≠v. especially cmPm
°∑mcn¬ ]d™n´p≈ Imcyhpw AXpIgn™n
´v Zn\hrØm¥Øn¬ ]d™n´p≈ Imcyhpw
XΩnepw dates s≥d difference Rm≥ Xs∂ FSp
ØpImWn°mw. AXns≥d ImcWanXmWv. ]e
cases epw Hcp {]mbØn¬ Ah¿ cmPyw `cn°m
≥ XpSßn. as‰mcp {]mbØnemWv cmPym`ntj
Iw \SØp∂Xv. thsd Nne cases ¬ A∏\pw
aI\pw As√¶n¬ A∏\pw A\¥ch\pw,
AΩm®\pw A\¥ch\pw As√¶n¬ relatives
Htckabw `cn® cases D≠v. Aßs\hcptºmƒ
Ah¿ `cWw XpSßnbXns\°pdn®v Hcp age
]dbpw. F∂m¬ c≠masØbmƒ independend
charge FSpØXns\°pdn®v as‰mcp age ]d
bpw. Aßs\ H∂v imapth¬, c≠v imapth¬,
H∂v cmPm°∑m¿, c≠v cmPm°∑m¿, H∂v Zn\
hrØm¥w, c≠v Zn\hrØm¥w˛ CXn¬ dates
]dbptºmƒ Cßs\bp≈,- \ap°v s]s´∂v
conflict BsW∂v tXm∂p∂ ]e cases D≠v.
AXv AhcpsS social practices s≥d result BWv.
ho≠pw AhcpsS social practice F∂v ]d™p
Ign™m¬ Hcmƒ `cWw G¬°ptºmƒ Nne
(t]-Pv- 5 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-- -...)
an. kmaphepat√? hmb\°msc sX‰n≤
cn∏n°m≥th≠n F¥n\mWv Cu I]S
X{¥w {]tbmKn°p∂Xv?
adp]SnbpsS Ahkm\ `mKØv- Hcp
Jp¿B≥ hN\w Xm¶ƒ sImSpØncp
∂p. "\n߃ kXyw AkXyhpambn
Iq´n°pg°cpXv. Adn™psIm≠v
kXyw ad®psh°pIbpw AcpXv'' (2:42).
Bsc kw_\v[n®mWv Jp¿B≥ A{]
Imcw ]d™sX∂v Xm¶ƒ a\ nem°m
sXbmWv FgpXnbXv. Xm-¶ƒ- kzbw Ip
gntXm≠pIbmbncp∂p. Xm¶fpsS ]°
ep≈ thZ{K\vYsØ (ss__nfns\)
kw_\v[n®pw blqZ∑mscbpw Xm¶ƒ
44
t∏mƒ Hcp {]mbambncn°pw. G‰v Ht∂m
At©m, ]tØm h¿jw Ignbptºmgmbncn°pw
independent Bbn´v X\n°v `cWw In´p∂Xv.
At∏mƒ as‰mcp {]mbambncn°pw. CXv c≠pw
IqSn mentioned sNøptºmƒ conflict Ds≠∂v
Nn¥n°p∂Xv background t\m°mØXns≥d
ImcWw sIm≠mWv. Bhiyan√mØ confusion
\p-w- AXns\°pdn®p≈ repeated question \pw-
h∂v time waste B°-c-p-Xv.- Hcp particular stage
h∂t∏mƒ blqZ∑m¿ c≠mbn´v split sNbvXp.
hS°≥ B≥dv sX°≥ km{amPyßfmbn´v amdn.
Ch¿ c≠pw c≠v coXnbnep≈ collenders BWv
D]tbmKn®ncp∂Xv. AXpt]msesX∂ Hcp
cmjv{SØn¬ Hcmƒ `cWw start sNøptºmƒ
AXv first year Bbn´v consider sNbvXp. a‰p≈
h¿ zero year Bbn´v consider sNbvXp. B
]ivNmØew \mw a\ nem°msX just numbers
am{Xw t\m°n°gn™m¬ Cu coXnbnep≈
confusion D≠mIpw. CXv hfsc detailed Bbn´v
workout sNbvXn´p≈XmWv. main ImcWsas¥
∂psh®m¬ `cWw XpSßnbXpw `cWw G‰Xpw
cmPym`ntjIhpsa-√mw ]ecpsSbpw cases¬ ]e
ages emWv . Aßs\bp≈ Hcp confusion
am{XamWnXv.
A[y£≥: tNmtZymØcw ChnsS Ah
km\n°p∂p.
hnjbmhXcWØns≥d ]ivNmØeØn
¬ {ioam≥ h¿Kokv Fw. kmaph¬ RßfpsS
`mKØp\n∂v conclud sNbvXpsIm≠v Nne re-
marks \SØpw. AXn\ptijw {ioam≥ Fw.Fw.
AIv_¿ conclusion ]dbpw. c≠pt]cpw kabw
divide sNbvsXSp°pw.- IrXyw F´paWn°v Cu
]cn]mSn \ap°v Ahkm\n∏n°msa∂v \mw
{]Xo£n°p∂p. klIcWw {]Xo£n°p∂p.
Dƒs°m≈p∂ ss{IkvXh kaqlsØ t]mbn. A]ISØnemb ss__nfns\
bpw Ipdn®-mWv A-∏-d-™-Xv.- IYbdnbm c£s∏SpØm≥ AhXcn® ]pXnb
sX BSnt∏mbn At√? kmcan√. ssh At∏mkvXe≥ ImWn°p∂ ]cm{Iaß
ImcnIX ssIshSnbpI. Imcy߃ hkv ƒ ImWptºmƒ dnßnse tImamfnsb
Xp\njvTambn a\ nem°pI. F∂n´v Hm¿Øv t]mIpw F∂msc¶nepw ]d™m
hna¿in°pI. ¬ ZbhpsNbvXv Ip‰w ]dbcpXv. Imc
A_q- jao¿, sI. ap°v Ww AIv_¿ kmln_pambn kwhmZw
\SØnb tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v a-dp-
]-Sn-bn-√m-sX -D-gd-n-b--- AhkvY I≠n´pw,
ss_-_nƒ- im-k-v{Xo-b-tam?- "kwhmZw'- ImWp∂ B¿°pw klXm]w
am¿®v amkØnse kvt\lkwhm tXm∂p∂ AhkvY kwPmXambn-´pw-
ZØn¬ Fs∂bpw \n®ns\bpw hna¿in Xm¶ƒ°nt∏mgpw tPm¨k¨ km¿
®psIm≠v h¿Kokv Fw. kmaph¬ km¿ Xt®mfn HtX\\mbn tXm∂p∂Xv
FgpXnb IØv hmbn®t∏mƒ Nncnh∂p kXyhpw AkXyhpw tI´mepw I≠m
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
epw th¿Xncn®v a\ nem°m≥ DXIp∂
hnthN\ iIvXnbpsS IΩnsIm-t≠m,---
Htc tXm´neqsS t]mbsXms° "]qfm≥'-
F∂v ]≠mtcm ]d™ AhkvY kwPm-
Xam-b-Xp-sIm-t≠m- B-bn-cn-°mw--.-
s]cpºmhqcn¬ \S∂ kwhmZsØ
°pdn®v Xm¶ƒ tNm-Zn-®-Xv- "R߃ \nc
Ønb A©v Imcyßfn¬ (imkv{Xw,
]pcmhkvXp imkv{Xw, Ncn{Xw, Isøgp
Øv{]XnIƒ, {]hN\w) H∂pt]mepw
hyIvXambn ]cma¿in°m≥ Ign™n´p-
t≠m-'- F∂m-Wv-(kvt\lkwhmZw 2003
am¿®v,- t]Pv 50).- C√ F∂mWv \n߃°v
a\ nembsX¶n¬ "kvt\lkwhmZw'-
sNbvXXpt]mse kXyk\v[ambn A-Xv-
{]kn≤oIcn°cptXm?- AXs√¶n¬
˛A∂v \S∂ kwhmZØns≥d hoUntbm
Imk‰v \nßfpsS ssIhiw D≠mIpa
t√m˛ AsXm∂v ]ckyambn {]Z¿in∏n
®m¬ ss__nfns\°pdn® apkvenwIfp
sS hna¿i\w temImSnkvYm\Øn¬ ae
sh≈Ønse N≠nt]mse Hen®ps]mbv
s°m≈pat√m!- ]ns∂ F¥mWXv sNøm
ØXv?-
kmaph¬ km¿ ]d™X\pkcn®v
imkv{XkXyw I≠p]nSn°m\mbn ss_
_nƒ ]cXp∂ Hcp imkv{X IpXpIn D¬
]Øn ]pkvXIØnse imkv{XkXyw
I≠v A¥whn´p\n∂pt]mbm¬ Abm
sf Ip‰w ]d™pIqSm. ImcWw ss__n
fnse imkv{X{]Imcw Cu `qanbn¬
cmhpw ]Iepw D≠mIp∂Xn-\-pw Poh≥-
\ne\n¬°p∂Xn-\pw kkyPme߃
\ne\n¬°p∂Xn\psa√mw Bhiyamb
kqcy≥ D≠mIp∂Xv apIfn¬ ]d™
sX√mw D≠mbXn\ptijw \memw Znh
kamWv. "ss__nƒ a\pjytam£Øn
\mbn ssZhØneqsS AhXo¿Wamb
sX‰v ]‰mØ DØa {K\vYamWv,- t]mcm
ØXn\v B[p\nI imkv{XØn\pt]m
epw hgnImWn°p∂ imkv{X kXy߃
\nd™ DØa{K\v Y am- W v ' - . - Bcpw
AXv ` pXs∏´v aq°Øv hnc¬sh®p
t]mIpw Cu- h-o-c-hm-Z-w- tI-´m¬.-- Cu
hnjbw- Iq-Sp-X¬- a\ nem°-m≥ tamdn-
kv _p°mbv - FgpXnb "ss__nƒ,-
JpB≥,- kb≥-kv' ,-A-s√-¶n¬-- AIv_¿
kmln_ns≥d "ss__nfns≥d ssZhn
IX'- hmbn®m¬ aXnbmIpw.
kmaph¬ km¿ ]d™pht√m;-
tPm¨k¨ kn. ^nen∏v \ncØnb
sXfnhpIƒs°m∂pw AIv_¿ adp]Sn
]d™n√ F∂v. ss__nfns≥d ssZhn
IXsb "\n®v Hm^v {SqØv'- tNmZyw sNøp
Ibmbncp∂p. ss__nfns≥d ssZhnI
Xsb kwibn°p∂h¿ AXn\v \nc
Øp∂ sXfnhpIƒ°v adp]Sn ]dbmsX
Fßs\bmWv ss__nfns≥d ssZhn
IX kvYm]n°m≥ IgnbpI?- \n߃ Hcp
Imcyw {]tXyIw a\ nemt°≠Xp-≠v.
ss__nƒ apgph≥ sX‰msW∂v apkv
enwIƒ hnizkn°p∂n√. AXn¬ kXy
hpw AkXyhpw IqSnbn´p≠v F∂mWv
Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. 3:70 hmbn®m¬
apkvenwIƒ F¥v hmZn°p∂p F∂v
a\ nemIpw. (thZ°mtc,- \nßsf¥n
\mWv kXysØ AkXyhp-ambn Iq´n°
e¿ØpIbpw Adn™psIm≠v kXyw
ad®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv?- (3:70).
Ct∏mƒ a\ nembnt√ Jp¿B\ns≥d
bpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw hmZw?- Hcp tπ‰v
_ncnbmWnbn¬ Hcp Xp≈n s]m´mkyw
kbss\Uv tN¿∂m¬ aXn,- AXv Ign
°p∂ BfpIƒ acWs∏Spw. AXv a\
 nem°nb BfpIƒ AXns\°pdn®v
ap∂dnbn∏v \¬Iptºmƒ tπ‰nte°v
Nq≠ns°m≠v CXn¬ Cd®nbp≠v ,
tNmdp≠v Iiph≠nbpw ap¥ncnbpap≠v
F∂v hmZn°p∂Xpt]mse _meniat√
kmaph¬ kmtd,- ss__nfn¬ Nne
kXyßfp≠v F∂ hmZhpw?- apkvenw
Iƒ temImSnkvYm\Øn¬ ss__nfn
s≥d ssZhnIXsb°pd®v D∂bn°p∂
tNmZy߃°v DØcw \¬Im≥ Ignbm
ØXn\v F¥n\mWv Fs∂ sIm™Ww
IpØp∂Xv. Rm≥ am{Xa√, ss__n
fns≥d ssZhnIXsb tNmZyw sNøp
∂Xv. 1400 h¿jwapºv AhXcn® thZ{K
\v Y amb Jp¿B≥ ss__nfns≥d
ssZhnIXsb- tNmZyw sNbvXn-´p≠v. Ign
™ \q‰m≠nse kønZv k\mD√ aIvXn
X߃ apX¬ Alv-a-Zv ZoZmØpw km°n
¿ \mbn°pw ambn≥Ip´n taØdpw Fw.
Fw. AIv_dpsa√mw ASßp∂ Bbn
c°W°n\v BfpIƒ \q‰m≠pIfmbn
D∂bn°p∂ tNmZy߃°pw Fs∂t∏m
ep≈h¿ D∂bn°p∂ kwib߃°pw
F-¥v- adp]SnbmWp≈Xv?- AXns\ms°
tPm¨k¨ kmdn\v ]dbm\p≈Xv
CsXms° \q‰m≠pIƒ°v apºv adp]Sn
]d™ hnjbßfmWv F∂mWv. CXv
45
tIƒ°ptºmƒ "F≥dp∏m∏m°v Hcp
Bt\≠m¿∂p'- F∂v ]dbp∂ _jodn
s≥d IYm-]m-{X-sØ-bmWv.
Hcp sNdnb kwibw Ipdn°s´.
\nßfpsS hnizmk{]Imcw tbip Bcm
Wv?- ssZh]p{X≥-! B ssZh]p{Xs\ß
s\bmWv hwimhen D≠mIp∂Xv ? -
(aØmbn 1:18¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:-
"tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\w C{]Imc
ambncp∂p. Ahs≥d AΩbmb adnbw
tbmtk^n\v {]Xn{ipX h[phmbncns°
Ah¿ klhkn°pwapºv ]cnip≤mXvam
hn\m¬ K¿`nWnbmbn ImWs∏´p'- ) .
Fßs\bmWv tbiphn\v hwimhen
D≠mIp∂Xv?- C\n hmZØn\pth≠n
kΩXn®m¬Xs∂,- aØmbnbnepw eq
t°mknepw D≈ hwimhen c≠v hn[
Ønem-bn- Im-W-mw.- aØmbn°pw eqt°m
kn\pw ]cnip≤mXvamhv Cdßnb kml
NcyØn¬ A∏∑m¿ amdnt∏mbsXt¥?
CXv ]dbptºmƒ ]e ]mkv‰¿amcpw ]d
bm-dp-f-f-Xv- H∂v adnbØns≥dbpw H∂v
tbmtk^ns≥dbpw hw-im-h-en-bm-sW-
∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ {]kvXpX hN\w {i≤n
®m¬ B¿°pw a\ - n emIpw c≠pw
tbmtk^v hgn hcp∂ hwimhenbmsW
∂v. (eqt°mkv 3:23. Xs≥d {]h¿Ø\w
Bcw`n°ptºmƒ tbiphn\v GXm≠v
ap∏Xv hb -v Bbncp∂p. Ah≥ tbm
tk^ns≥d ]p{X≥ F∂v IcpXs∏
´ncp∂p).
(aØmbn 1:17.- bmt°m_v adnban
s≥d `¿Ømhmb tbmtk^ns≥d ]nXm
hv) c≠pw tbmtk^ns≥d Xs∂bt√?-
H∂n¬ tbmtk^ns≥d ]nXmhv bmt°m
_v. eqt°mkns‚- h-N-\- {]Imcw tbm
tk^v l-menbpsS ]p{X≥ (eq°v 3:24)-
CXn¬ GXv icn?- GXv sX‰v? hwimhen
bpambn _\v[s∏´v kwkmcn®m¬ Xs∂
Hcp]mSv FgpXm\p≠v. F∂m¬ ]sø
Ø-n∂m¬ ]\bpw Xn∂mw F∂v ]d™
t]mse kmaph¬ kmdn\v Zl\iIv
XnbpsS I∏mkn‰n A\pkcn®v X¬-°m-
ew- C{Xam{Xw.- km¿ hyIvXn]cambn
FgpXnb _meniImcy߃ adp]Sn A¿
ln°mØXn\m¬ t]mbn≥dpIƒ am{Xw
FgpXp∂p. kXyw kXyambn a\ nem
°n Dƒs°m≈m≥ k¿h-iIvX≥ XpW
°s´ F∂v {]m¿Yn®v Npcp°p∂p.
dknb, s\´q¿.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 46

(t]-Pv- 27 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ Cu-kv-‰-dpw-.-...)

"Cu-kv-‰¿-'- F-∂- ]-Zw- "F-H-m-kv-t{S'- (Eostre) F-∂- ]p-cm-X-\- Bw-t•m- kmIv-k¨- tZ-h-X-bp
sS- t]-cn¬-\n-∂v- D-cp-Øn-cn-™-Xm-Wv- F∂v- _o-Uv- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Cw-•-≠n¬- G-tXm-
]pcm-X-\- B-Nm-c-߃- C-Xn-\v- h-gn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-Øn-´p-≠-v F∂v- kv-]-jv-Sw.
D-Xv-`-hw- A-Xn-s≥-d- s\-‰n-bn¬-X-s∂- h-ln-°p-∂p.- Cukv-
‰¿- F-∂X - v- t_¬-‰n-kn-s≥-d- C-kv‰ - m-dn-s≥-d˛- kvY - m-\t- ∏cp-
I-fn¬- H-∂m-b- A-k‰ v- m¿-s´- am-{X-am-Wv.- A-hf - p-sS- t]cv......-
A-ko-dn-b≥- kv-am-c-I-ß-fn¬- te-bm¿-Uv- I-≠-{]-Im-cw-
C-kv-‰m¿- F-∂m-Wv.....- A-Xm-Wv- Cu-kv-‰-dn-s≥-d- N-cn-{Xw.-
A-Xn-s≥-d- B-tLm-j- k-a-b-tØm-Sv- _-\v-[-s∏-´-Xpw- P\-
{]o-Xn- t\-Sn-bn-´p-≈-Xp-am-b- B-Nm-c-߃- A-Xn-s≥-d-
_m_n-tem-¨- kw-`h - w- kw-_\ - [
v- n-®v- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- km
£y-Øn-\v- th-≠-{X- D-d-∏v- \¬-Ip-∂p.- Zpx-J-sh-≈n-bm-gv-
N-bn-se- Nq-Sp-≈- Ip-cn-i∏ - ß- f- pw- ]m-kv° - ¬- Zn-hk - s- Ø˛
A-s√-¶n¬- D-bn-¿-∏v- Rm-b-dmgv-N-sØ- Nm-b-a-Sn-®- ap-´-I-
fpw- C-∂-sØ-t∏-m-se-X-s∂- I¬-Zm-b- a-X-N-S-ßp-I-fn-epw-
D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p''- (d-h-:- A-e-Iv-km-≠¿- ln-kv-tem-∏v,- Zn- Sp-
_m-_n-tem¨-kv,- t]-Pv- 103,- 107,- 108).-
k`mNcn{X \nL≠p- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- "Cu-kv-‰¿-'- F-∂-
]-Zw- "F-Hm- k - tv- {S'- (Eostre) F-∂- ]p-cm-X\ - - Bw-t•m- kmIv-
k¨- tZ-h-X-bp-sS- t]-cn¬-\n-∂v- D-cp-Øn-cn-™-Xm-Wv-
F∂v- _o-Uv- A-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sp-∂p.- Cw-•≠ - n¬- G-tXm- ]pcm-
X-\- B-Nm-c-߃- C-Xn-\v- h-gn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-Øn-´p-≠-v F∂v-
kv] - j
- Sv- w.- Cu-k‰ v- ¿- ap-´I - ƒ- ssI-am-dp-∂- ]-Xn-hv- A-Xns‚-
ti-jn-∏m-bn-cn-°mw.- Xo-b-Xn- \n-iv-N-bn-°p-∂-Xv- s]-k-lm-
tbm-SSp-Øp-≈- ]q¿-W-N-{µn-Ib-p-sS- Zn-\-am-bn-cn-°pw.- am¿
®v- 21\pw- G-{]n¬- 25\pw- C-S-bv-°m-Wv- A-Xv- h-cp-I''- (k`m-
N-cn-{X- \n-L≠ - p,- ssZ-hi - m-kv{- X- km-ln-Xy- k-an-Xn,- Xncp-
h-√- 1986,- t]-Pv- 46).-
k¿-h-hn-Pv-Rm-\-tIm-iw- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- "C-jv-Sm¿,- _m
_n-tem-Wn-b≥-˛A-ko-dn-b≥- tZ-hX - .- hw-ih - r-≤n-bp-sS-bpw-
Im-a-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- tZ-h-X-bm-b- B-kv-Xm¿-Xo-bp-sS- {]-Xn-
cq]-am-bn- Cu- tZ-h-X- I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p....- a-\p-jy-cn-
epw- ar-K-ß-fn-epw- ssew-Kn-Im-k-Iv-Xn- P-\n-∏n-°m≥- I-gn-
hp-≈- H-cp- Cu-iz-cn- B-bn-´m-Wv- Cu- tZ-h-X- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-
°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv......- _m-_n-tem-Wn-b≥-˛A-ko-cn-b≥- \-K-
c-ß-fn-se-√mw- C-jv-Sm-dn-\v- B-e-b-߃- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.....-
C-jv-Sm¿- B-e-b-ß-fn¬- A-Sn-a-I-sf- _-en-I-gn-®n-cp-∂p.-
N-{µ-tZ-h-\m-b- ko-\n-s≥-d- ]p-{Xn-bpw- kq-cy-tZ-h-\m-
b- {`m-am-jn-s≥-d- k-tlm-Z-cn-bm-bpw- Cjv-Sm-dn-s\- k-¶¬-
]n-®n-cp-∂p......- Cjv-Sm-dn-s≥-d- Im-ap-I-\m-b- X-Ωq-kn-s≥-d-
hn-tbm-K-Øn¬- A-\p-tim-Nn-°m≥- Iq-´-°-c-®n¬- B-Ncn-
°m-dp-≠v.....- tdm-am- km-{am-Py-Øn¬- {In-kv-Xpa-Xw- {]-Ncn-
°p-∂-Xp-h-sc- C-jv-Sm¿- tZ-h-X-°v- B-Z-c-Wo-b-am-b- ]-Zhn-
D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p'- (k¿-h-hn-Pv-Rm-\-tIm-iw,- hm-fyw- 4,- Ub:-
tUm.- sh-≈m-b-Wn- A¿-Pp-\≥,- t]-Pv- 423).-
{In-kvX - p-hn-s≥-db - pw- X-Ωq-kns≥-db - pw- t]-cn¬- am{X-
a-√- D-bn¿-∏v- Xn-cp ∂m ƒ- B-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv. A tUm-
Wn-kv- F∂- kn-dn-b≥- tZ-h\pw- a-cn-°p-I-bpw- D-bn¿-sØ-
gpt∂ ¬-°p-Ibpw- sN-bv-X-Xmbn- I-Y-I-fp-≠v.- Uq-∏n-b-
kv- ]-dbp-∂-Xv- Im-WpI-:-
""h-f-sc- hn-]p-e-am-b- N-S-ßp-I-tfm-sS-bm-Wv- A-tUm-
Wn-kn-s≥-d- ti-j-{In-b-Iƒ- A-e-Iv-km-≠-dn-b-bn¬- \-S-
Øn-h-∂-Xv.- At±-l-Øn-s≥-d- {]-Xn-a-Iƒ- hn-[n-{]-Im-cw-
H-cp- i-h-Ip-S-o-c-Øn-¶¬- sIm-≠p-t]m-bn- ti-j-{In-b-Iƒ-
\-S-Øp-∂p.- A-t±lw- Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°v- Xn-cn-®p-h-cp-∂-
Xn-s\- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- kwKo-Xw- B-e-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ap-
ºv- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]o Um-\p-`-h-ß-sf-bpw- a-c-W-sØ-
bpw- A-\p-kv-a-cn-∏n-°p-∂- N-S-ßp-Iƒ- \n¿-hln-°-s∏-Spw.-
Ip-¥w-sIm-≠v- Ip-Øn-b-t∏mƒ- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\p-≠m-sb-∂v-
]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ap-dn-hn-s\- A-\p-kv-a-cn-∏n-°p-∂- H-cp- ap-dn-
hv- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- e-`n-®n-cp ∂-Xv- B-fp-I-sf- Im-Wn-°pw.-
A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- D-bn¿-∏pXvk - h- w- am¿-®v- 25\m-Wv- B-tLm-
jn-®n-cp-∂-Xpw'' (Dupius, The origin of all religious wor-
ship. P. 161. Quoted to Christ and Krishna ner of lived) kn-
dn-b-°m-cpw- A-e-Iv-km-≠-dnb-°m-cpw- am-{X-a-√,- {Ko-°p-
Im-cpw- Cu-Pn-]v‰p-Im-cpw- A-tUm-Wn-kn-s≥-d- D-bn¿-∏p-Xvk
hw- B-tLmjn-®n-cp-∂p.-
Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im-cp-sS- ssZ-h-am-b- Hm-kn d-kpw- a-cn-®-
h-cn¬-\n-∂v- D-bn-¿s
- Ø-gp-t∂‰-Xm-bn- hn-iz-kn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p.-
h-k-¥-Im-e Øn-s≥-d- B-cw-`-Øn¬- Hm-kn-d-kn-s≥-d- ac-
W-hpw- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]pw- Cu-Pn-]X v- p Im-cpw- B-tLm-
jn-®p-t]m-∂p.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp Im-cp-sS- a-s‰m-cp- ssZ-h-am-b-
tlm-d-kpw- ]o-Um-\p-`-hw- G¬-°p-I-bpw- a-cn-°p-I-bpw-
sN-bv-X-Xm-bn- I-Y-bp-≠v.-
{^n-Pn-b-°m-cp-sS- ssZ-h-am-b- A-‰n-kv,- {Ko-°p-Im-cp-
sS- Im-a-tZ-h-\m-b- _m-°-kv,- ]p-cm-X-\- IYm-]m-{X-am-b-
Aw-^n-bm-dh - p kv,- kvI
- m≥-Un-t\-hn-b≥- ssZ-ha - m-b- _¬-
Zq¿,- A-ta-cn-°≥- B-Zn-hm-kn-I-fp-sS- ssZh-am-b- sIz-‰v-
km¬- Xp-S-ßn-b- I-Ym-]m-{Xß-sf-√mw-X-s∂- a-cn-°p-I-
bpw- D-bn¿-sØgp-t∂¬-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-Xm-bn- I-Y-I-
fp≠v.-
C-¥y-bn¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠v- P∏m≥,- _¿-a,- ssN-\,- Xm-
bv-e≥-dv- Xp-S-ßn-b- cmPy-ß-fn-se- {]-_-ea-X-am-bn-Ø-o-cp-
I-bpw-,- A ta-cn-°≥˛- bq-tdm-]y≥- cm-Py-ß-fn¬- {]N-cn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- H-cp- a-X-amWv _p-≤-a-Xw.-
_p≤≥- a-cn-®v- A-S-°n-b-Xn-\p-ti-jw- ar-X-tZ-lw- s]m-Xn-
™n-cp-∂- XpWn- kz-bw- Np-cp-≠p-am-dp-I-bpw- i-h-s∏-´n-
Xpd °-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- A-t±-lw- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂‰v- i-co-c-
tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Ø-s∂- kz¿-Kmtcml Ww- sN-øp-I-bp-≠m-
bn- F-∂p-am-Wv- _p≤-a-X-°m-cp-sS- hn-izm-kw.-
_m-_n-tem-Wn-b-bn-epw- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn epw- kn-dn-b-bn-
epw- tdm-a-n-epw- t]¿-jy-bn epw- a‰pw- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂- {]m-
Ir-X- ssZh-k-¶¬-]-ß-fp-sS- B-sI-Ø-p-I-bm-Wv- ss{I-
kv-X-h¿- B-N-cn-°p-∂- ]o-Um-\p-`h ß-fpw- Zpx-Jm-N-c-W-
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1
hpw- D-bn¿-∏pw- F-∂v- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Iv-
X-am-Ip-∂p.- tdm-am- km{am-Py-Øn¬- ss{I-
kv-X-h-X- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- a-X-am-bn- Xo-cpw-h-
sc- Ckv-‰m¿- tZhn °v- B-Z-c-Wo-b-am-b-
]-Z-hn- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- {]-N-
cn-®-tXm-sS- Ckv-‰m¿- Cu-kv-‰-dm-bn- ]-cn-W-
an-®p.- X-Ωq-kv- tZ-hs‚--kvY- m-\Ø
- v- {In-kv-
Xp-tZ-hs- \- A-htcm[n®p.- B-Nm-cß - f- pw-
A-\p-jv-T-m-\-ß-fpw- BtLm -j-ß-fp-sa-
√mw- A-Xp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂- \ne-\n¿-Øn-
s°m-≠v- A-Xv- {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- Gs‰-Sp-Øp.-
A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ -
(t]-Pv- 31 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ A√mlphns\ -...)
Nne Jp¿B≥ hN\߃ {i≤n°pI.
""\nt∂mSv Fs≥d Zmk∑m¿
Fs∂∏‰n tNmZn®m¬ Rm≥ (Ah¿°v
G‰hpw) ASpØp≈h\mIp∂p (F∂p
]dbpI). {]m¿Yn°p∂h≥ Fs∂
hnfn®v {]m¿Yn®m¬ B {]m¿Y\°v
Rm≥- DØcw \¬Ip∂XmWv. AXpsIm
≠v Fs≥d Blzm\w Ah¿ kzoIcn°p
Ibpw F∂n¬ Ah¿ hnizkn°pIbpw
sNøs´. Ah¿ t\¿hgn {]m]n°phm≥
th≠nbmWnXv''(2:186).-
""Xo¿®bmbpw a\pjys\ \mw
krjv S n®ncn°p∂p. Ahs≥d a\ v
a{¥n®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv \mw Adnbp
Ibpw sNøp∂p. \mw (Ahs≥d) IWvT
\mUntb°mƒ Aht\mSv ASpØh\pw
BIp∂p. heXp`mKØpw CSXp`mK
Øpw Ccp∂psIm≠v G‰phmßp∂ c≠p
t]¿ G‰phmßp∂ kµ¿`w. Ah≥
GsXmcp hm°v D®cn°ptºmgpw Ah
s≥d ASpØv Xbmdmbn \n¬°p∂ \nco
£I≥ D≠mhmXncn°pIbn√.''(50:16˛18)
Nne lZokpIfpw A√mlp kao]
kvY\msW∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂p≠v.
A - d n - b p - I
""A_q aqk¬ AivAcnbn¬\n∂v
(y) \nthZ\w: R߃ dkq¬(r) Xncp
ta\nsbm∂n®v Hcp bp≤bm{Xbnembn
cp∂t∏mƒ R߃ h√ Ip∂nte°pw
IbdpItbm Ip∂n≥apIfnembncn°p
Itbm h√ Xmgvhcbnepw CdßpItbm
sNøptºmsg√mw Xs∂ i_vZw Db
¿Øn XIv_o¿ sNm√mXncn°pambncp
∂n√. At∏mƒ Xncpta\n (r) ]d™p:
"tl a\pjytc! \n߃ \nßfpsS
tZlßtfmSv anXXzw ImWn°phn≥.
\n߃ hnfn°p∂Xv _[nc\mb Hcp
hs\tbm k∂nlnX\√mØ Hcphs\
tbm A√. (F√mw) tIƒ°p∂h\pw
ImWp∂h\pamb Hcphs\bmWv \nß
ƒ hnfn°p∂Xv. \nivNbambpw \n߃
hnfn°p∂h≥ \nßtfmtcmcpØcp
sSbpw IgpØnt\°mƒ Aht\mSv ASp
∏ap≈h\mIp∂p (_pJmcn, apkvenw,
AlvaZv).
A_qlpdbv-dbn¬ (y)\n∂v \nth
Z\w: \_n (r) ]d™p: A√mlp ]dbp
∂p: Fs≥d ASnbm≥ Fs∂ kv a
cn°pIbpw Fs∂°pdn®v Ahs≥d A[
c߃ CfIns°m≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp
tºmsg√mw Rm≥ Aht\mSpIqsS D≠m
47
bncn°p∂XmWv (AlvaZv).-
Cu kqIvXßfnsem∂pw hnh£n
°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv ssZhnIkØ a\pjy
¿°SpØmsWt∂m Ahs≥d IWvT\m
fn°p≈nemsWt∂m As√∂ hkvXpX
{]mamWnIcmb Jp¿B≥ hymJymXm
°ƒ hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. A√mlphn
s≥d Adnhpw IgnhpamWnhnsS hnh£n
°s∏´n´p≈sX∂v C°mcyw ]cma¿in
°p∂ kqIvX߃Xs∂ kq£vaambn
hniIe\w sNbvXm¬ hyIvXamhpw.
\tS kqNn∏n® lZokpIƒ \¬Ip∂
hnhchpw adn®√. IWvT\mUntb°mƒ
ASpØmsW∂v ]d™Xv A√mlphn
s≥d hnip≤ krjvSnIfmb ae°pI
sf°pdn®msW∂v hymJym\n® ]WvUn
X∑mcpap≠v. GXmbncp∂mepw ]Zm¿
YmXoX\mb ]S®Xºpcms≥d kØ
{]]©ØnemIam\w \nd™pInS°pI
bmsW∂ AssZzXhmZØn\v Dt]m¬
_eIamb bmsXmcp ]cma¿ihpw
Jp¿B\ntem {]hmNIhN\ßfntem
ImWphm≥ Ignbn√.
2003 G-{]n¬-˛1 48

I-hn-X-
D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-

F√mw- \-ap-°p-th-≠n-

\-ap-°p-th-≠n-bp-Zn-°p-∂p- N-{µ≥-
\-ap-°p-th-≠n- Pz-en-°p-∂p- kq-cy≥-
\-ap-°p-th-≠n- hncn-bp-∂p- ]q-°ƒ-
\-ap-°p-th-≠n-sbm-gp-Ip-∂-cp-hn-Iƒ-
a-e-Iƒ- \-ap-°m-bv- Np-c-Øp-∂p-d-h-Iƒ-
I-S-ep-Iƒ- \-ap-°m-bv- h-f¿-Øp-∂p- a-Xv-kyw-
I-\-Iw- hn-f-bn-°pw- \-ap-°m-bv- h-\-߃-
]-®- NqSo-Sp-∂p- sN-Sn-Iƒ- \-ap-°m-bv-
\-ap-°m-bn- I-Xn-cn-´p-\n¬-°pw- h-b-ep-Iƒ-
\-ap°m-bn- ta-Lw- sNm-cn-bp-∂p- h¿-j....-
F-√mw.....-F-√mw- \-ap-°m-bv.....-
B-cn-h-sb-√m-sam-cp-°p-∂p- a¿-Xym?
B-cn-h-sb-√mw- \¬-Ip-∂p- a¿-Xym?
B-cm-cp-a-dn-bm-sX,- bmcm-cp-an-√m-sX-
Xm-t\-bn-h-sb-√m-ap-≠m-bnSp-∂p-thm?-
Ir-Xy-am-bv,- kq-£v-a-am-sb-√m-a-dn-bp-∂-
F-√m-‰n-\pw- I-gn-hp-s‰m-cp-\m-Y-s≥-d-
Zm-\-am-Wn-h-sb-√m,- a-dn-bq- a-\p-jym-
A-h-\-t√m- \-Ωp-sS-tb-I-\m-am-cm-[y≥-
A-Xn-\m-e-h≥-ap-ºn¬- am-{Xw- \-an-bv-° -\mw.-