Éç Tæý Ï Ðéèv (Í Ç Æó Çù Œl Cìê... : Sakshi

^t V> {l C...
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MSu ^l$MS$y.. C_al {l$ AlV>l ^l$MS$ ^l l$l$ ^l$M.
$MS$ ^t V> E*VSyl *^l]l$..
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^ll^l$a.
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l > *^l ""X Q A$$l X2 Q Al#l$'' ls {l$ l
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{l$*$
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l, , Zl$, lll$, l*l {l$ *$&s ^lO rt$ ^. sZ_ 4
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V> {MSt ^l*.
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{$, l * ]lQ. 4 ]l*$PMS$V>]l$ VS l >
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{]l$ {MSt ^l*. 5 ]l*$P { A&5 ]l$_ ]l$. D { R _{l >
$MS ]l]l$ MS]l$MP]lyl. {V>Z P$ lV> >*. R _{MS A]l ]l$$
stMS]l$ tV> l*. R _{ > ]l]l$ MS]l$MS$P]l l>l B $]l]l$
lV> >*. 1 ]l*$P { V> ]lY A$MS]l$ ^l ]l$ ]l$_
]l$. t&Z D A$ ]l$_ 5 {$ ]l.
HMS*l {MS
D A$Z MS$M> $, S {l$$, $l $,A]l$MS* {l, l$

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A&2 Z {]l$ A]llV> l$aM. 5 ]l*$P { $ JMSs $l$ ]l$_,
]l$MSs HMS*l { MS ]l$_ ]l. 2 ]l*$PMS$V>]l$ S {l$$, $ >$ C_a H
$ ]ll VSt MSt A]l#l$ l ]l$]l$ C^laA]lM> E. T$
A$MS ]l]l l]l$ R_{lO ^l* ]l$$ MS*y ]lQl$.
]l Q$
D A$ ^ $Ol$. 2 ]l*$P {$ yl$, 4 ]l*$P {$ JMSs, 1 ]l*$P {

JMSs ^]l t&GZ 9 ]l*$PMS$ ]l. ]l$]l$ l]l ^l$yMS ]ll$ AMS$
*MS *]l$ VS$$^l$M. ]l $MS, A$MS l]l]l$
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7, 11, 13, i l$ 147Z 1, 2, 3 ]l$$ ]lQ. 2 ]l*$P MS$V>]l$ i l$ 132Z 2,
4, 6, 9, 10 ]l$]l$ {MSt ^l*.
{l$$
D A$Z AMS {l, VS$ {l, >lMS {l$ ]l$ VS$^lyl l$aM. { {lZ n]l
l, n l MS]l$MS$Pl *{]l$ l$$M. yl$ Q AMS]l$l]l$, VS$

]l$l]l$, > lMS ]l$l]l*]l$ MS]l$MS$Pl l l$$ M. D A$ ]l$_
13]l*$P$ ]l. 4 ]l*$P {MS$V>]l$ u#MS A&3Z 1,2 { $, A
&5Z 16]l {, A 6, 7Z 1, 3,4,5 {]l$ {MSt ^l*. A]ll VS$ {l
ll MS]l$MP]lyl, l> ]l$ AMS$ *ZMS ]l*ayl ]ls {]l$ {MSt
^l*.
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RMS >, l*{MS$, VSl A*l$ V> {MSt ^l 45 l*$P$ ^l$a.
R VSl
D A$Z 4 ]l*$PMS$ _ l Ayl$VS$$. ]lQV> {l$MS A]l$l

l, M ]l$Qyl]l l, OVS l, HM>l ]llQyl l,
*]l$ l$a M. l >ryl$ MS _]l r, BV>
l, >, A]l Ol$]l ^r >, El$]l$ >*. 5 ]l*$P {MS$
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l. r ${V> Gr$]ls Mstll$ MS$y Ml]l$ VS$^. *l $]l*$,
AZ$ l ^l]l l$aM . 2 ]l*$PMS$V>]l$ E 7.5, 7.6, A&3Z
4, 5, 10, 11 l 7.12$ ]lQOl$]l. ]ll& Q l>$ ^ ]lQ.
lMS R VSl
D A$Z Q $MS$ ^ ]lQ. sMS _ u#MS i l

269Z *{s l$aM. C_a]l $]l]l$ st QMS$ M>]l]l $MS]l$
E*W^. sr$ yl$ l$]l#]l$ MS Q, C_a]l Z h^l l$
*M>$, {$f Ol> , VS$$l MS{l, yl$ l$]l# ]l$l l* MS]l$MP]lyMS
E*W^l *{$ ^ ]lQ. $MSZ C_a]l l$]l#]l$ {S_]l# yl$, VS$$$,
$]l]l$ g{VSlV> E^. 4 ]l*$P MS$V>]l$ A&3 Z 3,5,9A&4Z (l
]l*$) 1, 6, 8, 9, 10 {$ ]lQ.
{M$
D A$Z *{$ ^ ]lQ M {$f l$]l$ BV> ^l$M Hyl]l
{M$$ l$$, 0 ]l$_ 900 ]lMS$ A {M$$ l$ $]l]l$ l$aM.
5 ]l*$PMS$ _ u#MS A &7 Z (l ]l*$) 2,4,5,6,7,9
{]l$ {MSt ^l*. 4 ]l*$PMS$ A 4Z (l ]l* $) 1,7,9,10,13,20,21
{]l$ l$aM . 5 ]l*$P {$ >ryl$ r l . Al$Z A>]l$
^. F M, ]l$MMS VS ]l]l$ l$$ M.
QMS >
]l*{MS$
A]lYMSl l ]l$_ VSr$, ]l$lVSl, $M>]l$ H lV> MS]l$MS$Ps l$$M.

4 ]l*$PMS$ ]lYMS l C_a S lZ VSr$, ]l$lVSl, $MS H JMSs AylVS
A]lM> E. D ]l$]l$ ^lryl$ sMS _]l s AlV> l*.
*{ > sZ { $]l]l$ MS^. stMS BV> *{lZ A>
$]l]l$ > s {S^. VSr$, ]l$lVSl, $M> ]l$l E]l
MS]l$MP]lyl ]ls ]l$ lV> ]l^la A]lM> E. VSr$, $MS S]l$
l$$M. 2 ]l*$PMS$ i l 339Z 1,2,5,6,8 {$ AylVS]l^l$a.
# 13 ]l*$P$ ]l. ^ $Ol$]l A$. Z ]lQV> A,

]l*{MS, ]ll$, Z]l$, ll]l$, t]l, At]l ]l*{MS ^l$ l$a M. >MS,
]l*{MS Z]l*]l$ MS]l$MS$Pl ll$$ l$aM. $MS ]l$ ^lyMS {M>]l$, Z]l$
]l*{MS l E*W$. D yl$ ll$ ]l VS$$ ^l$M. D yl$ ll$
]l$_ JMS MS_alV> Ayl$VS$$. ]l*{MS VS$M> ^l]l#yl$ g{VSl ]l^. 4 ]l*$P
{MS$ A&2 Z l ]l*]l ]l*Z 3,7,8, A&3 Z7, A&4Z 3,4
{$ ^ ]lQOl$]l. 2 ]l*$PMS$V>]l$ A&3Z 2,3,7,8, A& 3 Z l
]l*]l]l*Z 2,4,6$ ^ ]lQ.
VS]l
Z ]lQV> JMS ]l]l r > MSN r >, MSNr S$, AYll$,
{MS]l$ _{l, sZ yl st$, MSNrZ ]lQ V>$, zl, tl, MSNr
$ ]ls ^l]l$ l$aM. A$ ]l$_ VSlZ AylW]l {l Ayl$VS$l$s$.
4]l*$PMS$ u#MS i l 372Z E 4,5, A 1Z 4,5 {$

l$aM. ]l*$ >ryl$ l V> AYll$$ > {MS]l$_{]l$ X*.
AYll$MS$, MSNr {{V>l$MS$ ]l VS$$^l$M.
S Z C..
S
$Z $$ Gr$ls JylMS Zl$ M>MS$y {>lV> Ey.

l$$l$V> C_al {{ S$V> ^ll. Al$Z V> ll {MS$ l$$l$V>
l*$ >*.
l*l >ryl$.. { l V> l$yl, {Z A> V> >$M lyl
ls {l$MS A>O g{VSlV> Ey.
l*l {lZ Mstll$ MS$y sV> Eyl g{VSl l^. lP M C_al
Zl {lMS {l> MSs$$ ^l$M.
AlOl$l ^r *{$, l$ ^ll$ {M> MSZ {l$$QV>(OOs)
{^.
{V> Xryl$ {V> O X,Y A>l$ VS$_ P$ >*. l$l#l$, Ql$
tV> X*.
l$$OVSl l*$P llZ t& MSMSl$l * VS$$^l$M. Cl$M VSlZ
AylWl sr$ l$$QOl$l s MS*y {MSt ^l*. l$$l$V> ll {MS$
l*$ >*. l>l $VSsl$ G^l$Mlyl Ell$.
www.sakshieducation.com
{]l^l$ & $-l$-$
1. {]l^l]l:
l M>, Al M> H JMSs ]l*{ll$ A$ M>
{]l^l]l As$. {]l^l]l$ p, q, r, ..... *_
$.
lOl$]l {]l^l]l l $]l T, AlOl$]l l
$]l]l$ F ]l* *_$.
2. ]lMS {]l^l]l:
JMS {]l^lMS ""M>l$'' Al ^lal A ]lMS {]l
^l]l A]l#l$. p JMS {]l^l]l Al ]lMS {]l^l
~p *_.
3. *fM>$:
1. ]l$ () 2. () 3. Al ()
4. A]l yl ()
4. MS {]l^l$:
yl$ {]l^l]l$ *fM>]l$ E*W_ MS
> Hyl ]l*l]l {]l^l]l$ MS {]l^l$ A
s$. A...
1. ]l^le$ 2. OlMSMS 3. A]l$WMS
4. ]lR]l$WMS
5. ]l^le$:
yl$ {]l^l]l$ ""]l$'' Al *fMS MS
l Hyl ]l*l]l {]l^l]l. p, q$ yl$ {]l^lOl
s ]l^le* pq *_. p, q$ yl$
O l pq l A]l#l$.
]l^le$ l stMS
p
q
p
p
q
OlMSMS l stMS
p
q
p
p
q
7. A]l$WMS:
yl$ {]l^l]l$ ""A]l^'' Al *fMS
MSl Hyl ]l*l]l {]l^l A]l$WMS As$.
p, q$ yl$ {]l^lOl.. A]l$WMS]l$ pq
*_.
p
l qAlOl$]l pq Al]l$]l#l$.
pqZ p]l$ l q]l$ > As$.
A]l$WMS l stMS
p
pq
qp
8. ]lR]l$WMS:
yl$ {]l^l]l$ ""A]lyl'' Al *fMS
MSl Hyl ]l*l]l {]l^l ]lR]l$WMS
As$. p,q$ yl$ {]l^lOl s ]l
R]l$WM> pq *_$.p, q$ yl* Ol
yl* AO s ]lR]l$WMS l
$]l l A]l#l$.
]lR]l$WMS l stMS
6. OlMSMS:
yl$ {]l^l]l$ ""'' Al *fM> E*
W_ > Hyl ]l*l]l {]l^l OlMSMS As$.
p,q$ yl$ {]l^lOl OlMSM> pq
*_. p, q$ yl$ A$ Al pq Al
A]l#l$.
pq
qp
9. #]l$MS:
JMS MS {]l^l]l l stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z
A T$ E]lrl As {]l^l #]l$MS
As$.
E: p(~p)
10.:
JMS MS {]l^l]l l stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z
A F$ E]lrl Ast {]l^l
As$. E: p(~p)
11.]l*M>$:
]l*M>$ 2 M>$.
1. Al ]l*MS () 2. {MS ]l*MS ()
12.{]l^l]l $, Z]l$, {]ll
1. pq JMS $l {]l^l]lOl$l $ ; qp
2. pq $l {]l^l]l Z]l$ ; ~p ~q
3. pq $l {]l^l]l {]ll ; ~q ~p
13.* ll$$:
C ]lyl$ M>$.
1. {lS * 2. S *
3. {l$ > Al *
4 ]l*$P {$
1. JMS $l {]l^l]l $ Z]l*MS l$]l$
^l*^lyl?
(~q) p
p
Sol:
3.
#]l$MS A ^l*^lyl?
~q
(~q)
p
(~q)
p
p
O MS {]l^l]l l stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z A

T$ E. M>st p(~q) p JMS #]l$MS A]l#l$.
4. {lS * l As H$s? x JMS Q Al
x2 Q A]l#l$l ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
l {_, M $ H$* sMS

M>$ ]l* >> ^l l {lS *
l As$.
]l$ Q
M>$
1.
x Q
2.
x = 2K, KN
3.
x2 = (2K)2
l
Q ^l]l
C$Ol# ]lY ^l
Sol:
pq
JMS {]l^l]lOl$l
qp (~p ~q) A ^l*^.
x2 = 4K2
= 2(2K2)
p
q
~p
~q
~q
~p
qp (~p ~q)
(~q)] [(~p)
q]
2. [p
4.
x2 = 2L, LN
2K2 = L
x2
Q ^l]l
yl$ ]l*$P {$
1. ABCZ AB > AC Al C > B]lMS$ $,
Z]l$, {]l]l$ >$yl?
Sol:
JMS ]l$ ^l*^lyl?

(~q) (~p)
q p
(~q) (~p)
q
p
~p
~q
O MS {]l^l]l l stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z A

F$ E.
[p(~q)] [(~p)q] JMS l A]l#l$.
{]l^l]l: ABCZ AB > AC Al C >B

$: ABCZ C > B Al AB > AC
Z]l$: ABCZ AB < AC Al C < B
{]ll: ABCZ C < B Al AB < AC
2. ]l^le* __ l stMS >$yl?
3. OlMSM> __ l stMS >$yl?
4. A]l$WMS __ l stMS >$yl?
5. #]l$MS, l]l$ _^lyl?
(2 ]l$_ 5 { ]l*$ ll-s i-Z E-.)
JMS ]l*$P {$
1. ~(~p) = p A ^l*^lyl?
p
~p
~(~p)
4 ]l*$P {$
1. A,B,C$
]lyl$ $l$Ol
(AC) A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
A(BC) = (AB) (AC)
~(~p) = p
2. 4 5 = 20
Sol:
4 5 = 20
4 2 = 2 l $]l lyl?
l $]l T
l $]l T
42=2
l $]l T
4 5 = 20 4 2 = 2
3. 5 4 = 20 5 + 2 = 8
Sol:
5 4 = 20 l $]l T
5+2=8
a(BC) = (AB)
A ^l*^lyMS
1) A(BC) (AB) (AC),

2) (AB) (AC) A(BC)
A ^l*^.
(1) xA (BC) xA ]l$- x(BC)

xA ]l$- (xB
xC)
(xA ]l$- xB) (xA
]l$- xC)
x(AB) x(AC)
l $]l lyl?
x(AB) (AC)
l $]l F
A(BC)Z
5 4 = 20 5 + 2 = 8
l $]l F
{ ]lMS
(AB)(AC)Z
Er$. M>st
A(BC) (AB) (AC) ______ (1)
4. ""5 JMS Q ; 5 llMS'' Al {]l^lMS$ OlMS

M> >$yl?
(2) x(AB) (AC) x(AB)
x(AC)
(xA ]l$- xB) (xA
]l$- xC)
xA ]l$- (xB xC)
xA ]l$- x(BC)
Sol:
p : 5 JMS
Q
q : 5 llMS
OlMSMS pq : 5 JMS Q 5 l lMS.
5. p, q$
HOl yl$ {]l^lOl

{]l^l]l l stMS >$yl?
p (~q)
Sol:
xA(BC)
Al MS
(AB)(AC)Z
{ ]lMS
A(BC)Z
Er$.
(AB)(AC) A(BC) ______ (2)
p ~q
~q
$l$$
VS$$^l$M]l A>$
A, B$ yl$
$l$$, x ]lMSOl$l
1. A B = {x / xA xB}
2. A B = {x / xA ]l$-- xB}
3. A B = {x / xA ]l$-- xB}
4. B A {x/xB ]l$-- xA}
5. A B, B A Al A = B A]l#l$.
6. x(AB) xA ]l$-- xB
7. x(AB) xA xB
(1), (2)
]l$_ A(BC) =
(AB) (AC) A]l#l$.
2. ]lMl > A, B,
C$
Sol:
A(BC) = (AB) (AC)
A ^l*^lyMS
]lyl$ $l$Ol
A (BC) = (AB) (AC) A ^l*^lyl?
1) A(BC) (AB) (AC)
2) (AB) (AC) A(BC)
A ^l*^.
(1) x(A(BC)) xA ]l$- x(BC)

xA ]l$- (xB
xC)
(xA ]l$- xB)
(xA ]l$- xC)
x(AB) x(AC)
x(AB) (AC)
A(BC)Z
{ ]lMS
(AB)(AC)Z
Er$.
A(BC) (AB) (AC) (1)
(2) x(AB) (AC) x(AB)
x(AC)
(xA ]l$- xB)
(xA ]l$- xC)

xA ]l$- (xB xC)
xA ]l$- x(BC)
xA(BC)
(AB)(AC)Z
{ ]lMS
A(BC)Z
Er$.
(AB)(AC) A(BC) (2)
= {x ; xA ]l$- xB}
= AB
AllV> BA' = {x ; xB ]l$- xA'}

= {x ; xB ]l$- xA}
= {x ; xA ]l$- xB}
= AB
AB = AB' = BA'
2. A, B$ yl$ $l$Ol A'B' = BA A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
A'B' = {x ; xA' ]l$- xB'}
(1), (2)
3.
]l$_ A(BC) = (AB)(AC)

Al {MS $MS A, B$ yl$ E$l$Ol
(AB)' = A'B' A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
(AB)' = A'B' A ^l*^lyMS
1) (AB)' A'B'
2) A'B' (AB)'
A ^l*^.
(1) x(AB)' x((AB))

x ]l$- x(AB)
x
]l$- (xA ]l$- xB)

(x ]l$- xA) ]l$-
(x ]l$- xB)
x(A) ]l$- x(B)
xA' ]l$- xB'
xA'B'
(AB)'Z
{ ]lMS A'B'Z Er$.
(AB)' A'B' (1)

(2) xA'B' xA'
]l$- xB'
x(A) ]l$- x(B)
(x ]l$- xA) ]l$-
(x ]l$- xB)
x ]l$- (xA ]l$- xB)
x ]l$- x(AB)
x (AB)
x(AB)'
A'B'Z
{ ]lMS (AB)'Z Er$.
A'B' (AB)' (2)

(1), (2)
]l$_ (AB)' = A'B'
JMS {MS $MS A, B$ yl$ E$l$Ol AB

= AB' = BA' A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
AB' = {x ; xA ]l$- xB'}
=
= BA
3. A B Al B' A' A ^l*^lyl?

Sol:
xB' x(B')'
xB
xA ( A B)
xA'
B'Z
{ ]lMS A'Z Er$.
B' A'
4. AB' = AB A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
AB' = {x ; xA ]l$- xB'}
= {x ; xA ]l$- xB}
= {x ; xAB}
AB' = AB
5. A, B$ HOl yl$ $l$Ol.. A'B' = BA A ^l*
^lyl?
Sol:
A'B' = {x ; xA'
]l$- xB'}
= {x ; xA' ]l$- xB}
= {x ; xB ]l$- xA'}
= {x ; xB ]l$- xA}
= {x ; xBA}
A'B' = BA
6. AB = Al BA' = B ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
BA' = {x ; xB ]l$- xA'}
2 ]l*$P {$
1.
]l$- x(B')'}
{x ; xA ]l$- xB}
{x ; xB ]l$- xA}
= {x ; x(A')'
]l$- x(A')'}
= {x ; xB ]l$- xA}
= {x ; xB
= {x ; xB} ( AB = )
BA' = B
1 ]l*$P {$
1. n(AB) = 51, n(A) = 20, n(B) = 44
Al n(AB)
$]l Gl?
Sol:
n(AB) = 51
n(A) = 20
n(B) = 44
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) n(AB)
= 20 + 44 51
= 13
2. A JMS $ Al (A')' = A A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
x(A')' xA'
xA
(A')' A (1)
xA xA'
x(A')'
A (A')' (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ (A')' = A
3. A = {1, 2, 3} ; B = {3, 4, 5}
Sol:
AB = (AB) (BA)
Al AB MS]l$MPyl?
A B = 1, 2, 3 {3, 4,5}
= {1, 2}
B A = 3 , 4,5 {1, 2,3}
= {4, 5}
AB = {1, 2} {4, 5}
= {1, 2, 4, 5}
4. A = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}]lMS$
$ > *
>$yl?
Sol:
A = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
A = {x/xz, 3 z 3}
5. (AB) (AC)
Sol:
ll _{lZ ^l*^lyl?
B
C
= (AB) (AC)
{l$*$
1. {l$$: xA, yB Al fZ H yl$ {MS]l$V>

fl]l$ JMS {l]l$ *M>$ (x, y) {MS]l$V>
$ {l$$ f As$. f: A B A >.
Z A {l, B {l, f(A) .
2. AlMS {l$$: f Al A ]l$_ BMS {l$$Ol$, BZ
]l ]lM>$, AZ ]l ]lM> fl_]l f ]l$
AlMS {l$$ As$.
f (x1) = f (x2) x1 = x2 Al f AlMS.
3. {VS {l$$: f Al A ]l$_ BMS {l$$ A..

{l$$ BMS$ ]l*]lOl$ f]l$ {VS {l$$ As$.
{ yBMS A]l$VS$V> f(x) = y A$r$ MS JMS
]lMS xA E]l f]l$ {VS As$.
f(A) = B
{l$*]l$ ]l*]l {l$*$ As$.
11. MS {l$$: f: A B, g: B
{l$*$ Al.. f, g MS {l$*
*_$.
g o f : A C A]l#l$.
(g o f) (x) = g[f(x)] x A A]l#l$.
C
g
yl$
o f
Note: g o f f o g
4 ]l*$P {$
1. f(x) = x + 2 _lOl$]l {l$$ {l {x : 2 x
5} Al.. f 1{l$$ ]l]ll A ^l*, {l,
#]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
sol:
f(x) = x + 2
_lOl$]l {l$$ {l
{x : 2 x 5}
4. VS$ {l$$: f Al {l$$ AlMS, {VS Al

f]l$ VS$ {l$$ As$.
5. Al@{l$$: f Al A ]l$_ BMS {l$$Ol$.. {l$$
BMS$ E $ Al f]l$ Al@{l$$ As$.
6. ll]l$ {l$$: f: A A {l$$ f(x) = x x A
A$lV> Es f]l$ AO ll]l$ {l$$ As$.
f(x) AlMS]l$ ^l*r:

f (x1) = f(x2) x1 + 2 = x2 + 2
x1 = x2
f (x1) = f(x2) x1 = x2 M>st f(x) AlMS
{VS]l$ ^l*r:
x + 2 = y Al x = y 2
f(x)
f(x) = f (y 2) = y 2 + 2 = y
f(x) {VS
Al AlMS, {VS M>st f(x) VS$ {l$$

M>st f 1 (x) ]l]ll A]l#l$.
f 1 = f {l = {x : 2 x 5}
f 1 {l = f = {x + 2; 2 + 2 x + 2 5 + 2}
= {x + 2; 4 x + 2 7}
= {y; 4 y 7}
f 1 {l = {y ; 4 y 7}
f 1 = {x ; 2 x 5}
f(x)
7. {l$$: {l$$ f: A B, f(x) = c x A

A$r$ c B ]l]llOl$l.. f]l$ {l$$ As$.
8. ]l {l$$:
1. f: A B {l$$Z {l A, l] Q $ RMS$
E $ Al f]l$ ]l ^l> {l$$ As$.
2. f: A B {l$$Z B, RMS$ E$ Al.. A
]l ]l{l$$.
3. f: A B {l$$ A A, B$ RMS$ E$ Al..
A ]l {l$$.
9. Z]l$ {l$$: f: A B Al AlMS, {VSOl$]l f
BA]l$ Z]l$ {l$$ As$.
1:
10. ]l*]l {l$$: JMS {l DO _lOl$]l {l$*$

f, g$ f(x) = g(x) x D A$r$s As
2. {l$*$ f, g, h]l$ MS lV> _^$. f(x) = x

+ 2, g(x) = 3x 1, h(x) = 2x Al h o (g o f) = (h
o g) o f A ^l*yl?
sol:
f(x) = x + 2
g(x) = 3x 1
h(x) = 2x
1. (g o f) (x)
= g [f(x)]
= g [x + 2]
= 3 (x + 2) 1
= 3x + 6 1
= 3x + 5
2. [h o (g o f)] (x) = h[(g o f) (x)]
= h (3x + 5)
= 2 (3x + 5)
= 6x + 10 --------------------------- (1)
3. (h o g) (x) = h [g(x)]
= h (3x 1)
= 2 (3x 1)
= 6x 2
4. [(h o g) o f](x) = (h o g) [f(x)]
= (h o g) (x + 2)
= 6 (x + 2) 2
= 6x + 12 2
= 6x + 10 --------------------------- (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ h o (g o f) = (h o g) o f
2(2x + 1) + x 2
x2
=
(2x + 1) 2(x 2)
x2
=
4x + 2 + x 2 5x
=
2x + 1 2x + 4 5
2x + 1
f
=x
x2
2. f (x) = x + 2, g (x) = x2 x 2
g(1) + g(2) + g(3)
f (4) + f ( 2) + f (2)
$]l MS]l$MPyl?
f (x) = x + 2
f ( 4) = 4 + 2 = 2
f ( 2) = 2 + 2 = 0
f (2) = 2 + 2 = 4
g (x) = x2 x 2
g (1) = 12 1 2 = 2
g (2) = 22 2 2 = 0
g (3) = 32 3 2 = 4
3. f(x) = x + 2, g (x) = 2x + 3, h(x) = 3x + 4 x R
Al (f o g) o h) = f o (g o h) A ^l*yl?
sol:
f (x) = x + 2
g (x) = 2x + 3
h (x) = 3x + 4
1. (f o g) (x) = f [g(x)]
= f (2x + 3)
= 2x + 3 + 2
= 2x + 5
2. [(f o g) o h](x) = (f o g) [h(x)]
= (f o g) (3x + 4)
= 2 (3x + 4) + 5
= 6x + 8 + 5
= 6x + 13 --------------------------- (1)
3. (g o h) (x) = g [h (x)]
= g (3x + 4)
= 2 (3x + 4) + 3
= 6x + 8 + 3
= 6x + 11 --------------------------- (2)
4. [f o (g o h] (x) = f [g o h (x)]
= f (6x + 11)
= 6x + 11 + 2
= 6x + 13
(1), (2) ]l$_ (f o g) o h) = f o (g o h)
g(1) + g(2) + g(3)

2 + 0 + 4
=
f (4) + f ( 2) + f (2) 2 + 0 + 4
2/2 = 1
3. f: R R, f(x) = 3x 4 Al f
sol:
f (x) = 3x 4 = y A]l$MS$s..
x=
y+4
,
3
f;R {2} R
2x + 1
f
=x
x2
f (x) =
{l$$
A ^l*yl?
2x + 1
x 1
2(2x + 1)
+1
2x + 1
x2
f
= 2x + 1
x2
2
x2
MS]l$MPyl?
x = f 1 (y )
f 1 (y ) = x =
As...
4.
y+4
y R
3
f 1 (x ) =
x+4
xR
3
f: R R, g (x) = R R$ f(x) = 1 + 2x,

g(x) = 3 2x
Al
MS]l$MPyl?
1.
3x 4 = y
3x = y + 4
2 ]l*$P {$
2x + 1
f (x) =
x2
Al
_lOl$l
sol: f (x) = 1 + 2x
g(x) = 3 2x
1. (f o g) (3) = f [g(3)]
= f (3 2 3)
= f ( 3 6)
= f ( 3)
= 1 + 2 ( 3)
=16=5
2. (g o f) (3) = g [f (3)]
= g ( 1+ 2 3)
= g (7)
=327
= 3 14 = 11
(f o g) (3), (g o f) (3)]l$
JMS ]l*$P {$
1.
1
f =
x
f {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)}, g = {(2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7)}
Al
(g o f)
MS]l$MPyl?
sol:
B
>
>
>
>
>
>
+1
x
1
1
1+ x
1 x
1+ x
=
x 1
1
f (x) + f =
x
(g o f) = {(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
2.
f {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1)} Al f o f

sol:
f o f {l = f {l = {(1, 2, 3, 4}
x +1 1 + x
x 1 x 1
=0
MS]l$MPyl?
4. {l$$ * _^lyl?
sol: x H $]l ]ll {l$$ $]l *]l A]l#l$ l
{l$$ *]l$]l As$.
(f o f) (1) = f [f(1)] = f(2) = 3

(f o
(f o
(f o
(f
f) (2) = f [f(2)] = f(3) = 4

f) (3) = f [f(3)] = f(4) = 1
f) (4) = f [f(4)] = f(1) = 2
o f) = {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (4, 2)}
x +1
3. f (x) =
x 1
sol:
f (x) =
x +1
x 1
Al
1
f (x) + f = 0
x
5.
f (x) = x2 + 2x 15 (x R) f (2), f (3)]l$
MS]l$MPyl?
sol:
A ^l*yl?
f (x) = x2 + 2x 15
f (2) = (2)2 + 2(2) 15
= 4 4 15
= 15
f (3) = (3)2 + 2(3) 15
= 9 6 15
= 12
-$--l$-$
]lR>-$
1. ]l-Y $-MS-- * ax2+ bx+c = 0 (a, b, c R)
2. ax2 + bx + c = 0 ]l-$ , A-l
=
b + b 2 4ac
b b 2 4ac
, =
2a
2a
f(x)]lMS$ (x2) M>-MS-]l$-]l#-l$.
- --- VS- l-:

f(x)Z - VS$-M>--]l$ $-MS$s...
x=1
b24ac]l$
^lS- As--$.
3. ]l-Y $MS-- ax2+ bx+c = 0 ]l- ll = b/a
4. ax2+bx+c = 0 ]l- = c/a
5. , $ ]l-$-V> VS ]lY $-MS--
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
x=2
4
0
4
0
12
4
8
8
7
8
1
0
3
1
2
2
2
2
0
x2(+)x+ = 0
ll ]l*- f(x)MS$ M>- >$-$ =
(x) (x)>0 A-l x $-l] ,
(x1) (x2) (4x21)

= (x1) (x2) [(2x)212]
= (x1) (x2) (2x+1) (2x1)
]l$l Eyl-l$.
(x) (x)<0 A-l x $-]l , ]l$l Er$.
JMS AMS---$ N>~MS-MS ]l*- f(x)]l$ (xa) W-
]l^la f(a) A]l#-l$. l l As-$.
f(x) AMS---$ N>~MS ]l*-Z- - VS$-M>-
ll $- A-l f(x)MS$ (x1) M>-MS A]l#-l$.
f(x) AMS---$ -N->~MS ]l*-Z- *- VS$M>
ll-, * VS$--M>- l--MS ]l*-]lOl$-l f(x)
MS$ (x+1) M>--MS A]l#-l$.
VS---]l$ VS]l$-]l --l; JMS {]l-^l-]l P(n)
1) n = 1 A-l {]l-^l-]l f,
2) 1, 2,.....nMS$ fOl$-]l--yl- (n+1) MS*y f-Ol$-l.. n
A $-]l--MS$ P(n) f.
--l l-; n JMS -f Q A-l
(x+y)n
nC xn + nC xn1 y + nC xn2+.........+
0
1
2
nC xnr yr+.........+ nC yn
r
n
CMSP-yl nC0, nC1, nC2,........-]l$ -l VS$-M>-$ As$.

13. (x+y)n ---Z (r+1)]l l Tr+1 = nCr xnryr
4 ]l*$P- {-$
1. -- -- E-*-W--_ 4x412x3+7x2+3x2]l$ M>
M>-$-V> >$yl?
Sol:
f(x) = 4x412x3+7x2+3x2
x = 1 A-l f(1) = 4(1)412(1)3+7(1)2 + 3(1)2
= 412+7+32
= 14 14 = 0
f(1) = 0 M>-s t f(x)MS$ (x1) M>-MS-]l$-]l#-l$.
x = 2 A-l, f(2) = 4(2)4 12(2)3 + 7(2)2 + 3(2)2
= 64 96 + 28 + 6 2
=0
2.
x = 0 -l-VSY- ax2+bx+c $-]l 2, (x1) W- 3,

(x+1)
W-
A$-r-r$
a, b, c
lyl?
Sol:
C_a-]l $-MS-- f(x) = ax2+bx+c

x = 0 A-l f(x) $-l] = 2
a(0) + b(0) + c = 2
c = 2
f(x)]l$ (x1) W-
a(1)2 + b(1) + c = +3
]l^la f(1) = 3
a + b 2 = +3 ( c = 2 )
a + b = +3+2
a + b = +5 _____ (1)
f(x)]l$ (x+1) W- ]l^la
a(1)2 + b(1) + c = 3
a b 2 = 3
a b = 3+2
a b = 1 _____ (2)
(1), (2)]l$ -..

a+b=5
a b = 1
-------------2a = 4
a = 4/2 = 2
(1) ]l$_ a + b = 5
2+b=5
b = 52 = 3
b=3
a = 2, b = 3, c = 2
f(1) = 3
$-]l--]l$
3.
3x 2
x
k(ab) = ab
k = ab/ab
k=1
k $-]l-]l$
---Z x l (- l)-]l$ MS]l$MPyl?

Sol:
5
3x 2
x
k2 + ak + b = 0
12 + a(1) + b = 0
a+b+1=0
----Z n = 9
x = 3x
y = 5/x2
5.
(x+y)n -----Z Tr+1 = nCr xnryr

= 9 C r (3x )
9r
5
2
x
= 9 C r 39 r x 9 r (5 )
a(1)2 + b(1) + c = 1
a + b + c = 1 _____ (1)
1
x 2r
l As..
= x0 M>--.
x9r2r
93r = 0
3r = 9
r = 9/3 = 3
r = 3]l$ Tr+1Z
5
3x 2
x
{-S--..
f(2) = 2
f(x)]l$ (x3) W- ]l^la

a(3)2 + b(3) + c = 4
9a + 3b + c = 4 _____ (3)
f(3) = 4
(1), (2) ]l$_

a+b+c=1
4a + 2b + c = 2
--------------------
---Z x l =
-l-
9 8 7 6
3
3 (5 )
1 2 3
x2 +
ax + b,
x2 +
3a + b = 1 _____ (4)
(2), (3)
4a + 2b + c = 2
9a + 3b + c = 4
--------------------
-l-
Sol:
f(x) =
]l$_
bx + a (a b)MS$ JMS E]l$-yl M>-MS-
]ls... a + b + 1 = 0 A ^l*^lyl?
x2
3a b = 1
()
= 84 36 53
4.
f(x)]l$ (x2) W- ]l^la

a(2)2 + b(2) + c = 2
4a + 2b + c = 2 _____ (2)
9C 39r(5)r
r
9
= C3 393 (5)3
3
JMS ]lY ]l*-- (x1), (x2), (x3) W-

]l$--V> 1, 2, 4 ---^la JMS ]lY ]l*-- MS-]l$-MPyl?
]lY ]l*- f(x) = ax2+bx+c A-]l$-Ms..
f(x)]l$ (x1) W- ]l^la
f(1) = 1
9C 39r (5)r x9r2r

r
x --
xZ
Sol:
(1)Z {-S--..
5a b = 2
()
+ ax + b
g(x) = x2 + bx + a A]l$Ms..
5a + b = 2 _____ (5)
f(x), g(x)MS$
E]l$-yl M>-MS (xk) A]l$-Ms..

f(x)MS$ (xk) M>-MS M>-st
(4), (5)]l$
f(k) = 0
k2 + ak + b = 0
k2 + ak + b = 0 _____ (1)
g(x)MS$ (xk) M>-MS
M>-st
3a + b = 1
5a + b = 2
-------------
-l-
g(k) = 0
k2 + bk + a = 0 _____ (2)
k2
k2 +
+ ak + b =
ak + b = bk + a
ak bk = ab
bk + a
2a = 1
2a = 1
a=1
a = 1/2]l$
(1), (2) ]l$_
-..
(4)Z {-S--..
3a + b = 1
3(1/2) + b = 1
b = 1 3/2
b = 1
3x +
2x
a, b $-]l--]l$
T4 = T3+1 = 7 C 3 (3x )
7 3
c =1
---Z
(1)Z {-S--..
a+b+c=1
1/2 1/2 + c = 1
]lY
C 3 .34 x 4 .
]l*- f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

= 7 C3
1 2 1
x x+c
2
2
1
2 .x 3
81
x
8
74
= 7 C 4 33 x 3
= 7 C4
Sol:
T5 = T4 +1 = 7 C 4 (3x )
2 ]l*$P- {--$
1. x4 2x3 + 3x2 mx + 5]l$ (x3) -V> W^lr$
m --$-]l Gl?
1

2x
1

2x
1
2 x4
4
27
16x
f(x) = x4 2x3 + 3x2 mx + 5

5.
f(x)]l$ (x3) -V> W-...f(3) = 0

f(3) = 34 2(3)3 + 3(3)2 m(3) + 5 = 0
81 54 + 27 3m + 5 = 0
593m = 0
3m = 59
m = 59/3
2.
Sol:
x2
Sol:
yl$ ]l$- - Q-$ = x, x+2 A]l$-Ms..

= 143
x(x+2) = 143
x2 + 2x 143 = 0
x2 + 13x 11x 143 = 0
x(x+13) 11(x+13) = 0
(x+13) (x11) = 0
11x + 10 > 0]l$ ^lyl?
x2 11x + 10 > 0
x2 10x x + 10 > 0
x(x10) 1(x10) > 0
(x10) (x1) > 0
x10 > 0, (x1) > 0
x = 13 x = 11
x = 11 A-l
]l$- Q-$ = 11, 13

x = 13 A-l ]l$-
Q-$ = 13, 11
(x) (x) > 0 --l-]l x $-]l

,
]l$l Eyl-l$. M>--st

x $-]l 1, 10 ]l$l Eyl-l$.
6. - - *-^lyl?
Sol:
-^l-]l: x ^l->--V> VS AMS---$ N>~MS ]l*-

f(x)]l$ (xa) W- ]l^la
f(a)
*---: x ^l->--V> VS AMS---$ N>~MS ]l*-
3. x2 6x + 5 < 0 --^lyl?
Sol:
x2 6x + 5 < 0
x2 5x x + 5 < 0
x(x5) 1 (x5) < 0
(x1) (x5) < 0
4.
f(x)
(xa) W- ]l^la VS- -

Ms..
(x), R
A]l$-
f(x) = (xa) (x) + R

f(a) = (aa) (a) + R
f(a) = R
- - l - l] $- = {1 < x < 5}
3x +
2x
yl$ ]l$- Q- 143 A-l s-

MS]l$MPyl?
----Z ]l$l --]l$ MS]l$-MPyl?
Sol:
- l *l 7 M>-s t - - -Z 7+1 = 8 -$
Es. M>-st 4, 5 -$ ]l$l -$ A]l#-.
(x+y)n ---Z- Tr+1 = nCrxnryr
1.
3x 2 + 9x + 6
1 ]l*$P {-$
3 = 0 -]l-Y $-MS-- ]l- ll,
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
-]l-Y $-MS--
5. 3x27x+2 = 0 $-MS-- ]l- -- lyl?

Sol:
3x 2 + 9x + 6 3 = 0
a = 3, b = 9, c = 6 3
-]l-- ll =
=
$-MS-- 3x27x+2 = 0
b 9
=
a
3
a = 3, b = 7, c = 2
^l-S- = b24ac
= (7)2 432
= 4924
= 25
3 3 3
3
> 0 M>-st
= 3 3
]l- =
2.
c 6 3
=
=6
a
3
6.
2 + 3, 2 3
x y
+
y x
]l- ---$, A-]l*--$.
---Z 5]l l MS]l$-MPyl?
Sol:
]l-$-V> VS ]lY $-MS-- >$yl?
(x+y)n ---Z Tr+1 = nCrxnryr
=2+ 3
x y
+ x
y
Sol:
= 2 3
= 8 C4
+ = 2+ 3 + 2 3 = 4
( )(2 3 )
( 3) =1
1.
Sol:
]lY $-MS-- x2(+)x + = 0
x2 4x + 1 = 0
y4
T4 +1
84
( x)
y
y4
x4
5 ]l*$P- {----$
x2x6 = 0]l$ y = x2 R _{l $ ^lyl?
x2 x 6 = 0
x2 = x+6
3. x3 3x2 + 4x 5]l$ (x2) W- ]l^la -l$l?

Sol:
f(x) = x3 3x2 + 4x 5
f(x)]l$ (x2)
x4
---Z
x
= T5 = C 4
y
8
= 8C4
= 2 + 3
= 22
-]l ]l-$ y = x2, y = x+6 Al

]l{M> Qyl-]l l$-]l#- x *--M>-$ A]l#--.
x2 x 6 = 0
y = x2
W- ]l^la f(2) A]l#-l$.
f(2) = 233(2)2 + 4(2) 5

= 8 12 + 8 5
= 1
y = x+6
4. yl$ ]l$- Q- 72 A-l s- MS]l$-MPyl?

Sol:
yl$ ]l$- -Q-$ = x, x + 1 A]l$-Ms..

= 72
1 .$ = 1 -s
y-AS 1 .$ = 1 -s
{V> > y = x2, y = x+6 ---Q- Qyl-]l l$-]l#-$
P$:
x-A
- - S
x(x+1) = 72
x2 + x 72 = 0
x2 + 9x 8x 72 = 0
x(x+9) 8 (x+9) = 0
(x+9) (x8) = 0
(2, 4), (3, 9)
x = 9 x = 8
x2 x 6 = 0 $-MS--
x = 8 A-l
yl$ ]l$- Q-$ = 8, 9

x = 9 A-l yl$ ]l$- Q-$ 9, 8
]l-$ = {2, 3}
2.
y = x2x12
R_{l -$
x2x12 = 0
^lyl?
Sol:
y = x2x12
x
x2
16
16
12
12
12
12
12
12
12 12
10
12
12
10
12 12
y
P$-:
x-AS
1 .$ = 1 -s-
y-AS 1 .$ = 2 -s
(4, 8), (3, 0), (2, 6), (1, 10), (0, 12), (1, 12),
l$-]l#--]l$ {V>-O _{^-.

s- ]l$l$-Ol-]l ]l{MS MS--l ]l$]l-MS$ M>]l--]l -R_{l ]l$.
x-AS Qyl- l] l$-l] #-$ (4, 0), (3, 0)
l-]l $- --$-]l-$ x = 4, x = 3
(2, 10), (3, 6) (4, 0)
HMS*l {MS
HMS*l {MS ]l$: x, y ^l>$Z, T$ A$MS
Z ]lMS ^l$yMS $ M $l$MS$ Zyl
f=Ax+By (A, BR) ]l$ VSt MSt ^l ]l$]l$
HMS*l {MS ]l$ As$.
HMS*l {M> ]l$ l]lZ l $:
1. ]l$Z C_a]l l$MS$ Zyl A$MS]l$ g
*Z >*.
2. A$MS]l$ {V># M>WlO X, A *_^l {l>
]l$ b*]ll ^l, $$h {l >]l$ VS$
^lyl.
3. S{l$$ ]l* >$yl.
4. $$h {l > ]ll ({ ]ll) S{l$$
$]l]l$ MS]l$MP.
5. H ]ll VSt MS MSt A]l#l$ Al
]l$MS$ l]l A]l#l$.
$l $: T$ A$MS l]l $ JMS l$
]l# $. l $l $ As$.
JMS ]l*$P {$
1. MS$M> $ As H$s?
JMS lZ HOl yl$ l$]l#]l$ $M s MS$
V> Hyl RQyl, N~V> B lZl C$yl
Es.. As s MS$M> $ As$.
2. S{l$$ As H$s?
VSt M>, MSt V> ^l*]l {l$$ f = Ax+By;
(A, B R)]l$ S{l$$ As$.
3. A]l$MS* {l As H$s?
JMS HMS*l {M> ]l$Z l$ > Hyl
]ll ]ll MS$M> $l A]l$MS* {l A
s$.
4. ]ll MS$M> $$h As H$s?
$l >$ E]l JMS $$h JMS $f O l # l_
Es As $$h ]ll MS$M> $$h
As$.
5. ]ll MS$M> $$h As H$s?
HMS*l {M> ]l$Z T$ A$MS ]l]l

l]l ]ll MS$M> $$h As$.
6. A]l$MS* l]l As H$s?
A]l$MS* {lZ { l$]l#]l$ A]l$MS* l]l
As$.
7. l$ Q As H$s?
S{l$$ >lOl$]l H ]l*l QOl l$
Q As$.
8. HMS*l {M> ]l$Z ]l$MS$ G#yl$ A]ll l
]l$ Es?
l$ Q, $$h {l A^l$Z H A^l$Z
]l*lV> E.. MS H A^l$ HMS_ ]l$
MS$ A]ll l]l$ Es.
yl$ ]l*$P {$
1. JMS MS$M> $$h >$ (0, 0), (6, 0), (4, 2 1/2),
(0, 5) A]l F = 3x+2y]l$ VSt ^l$yl?
Sol.S {l$$ F = 3x+2y
(0, 0) ]ll F = 3(0) + 2(0) = 0
(6, 0) ]ll F = 3(6) + 2(0) = 18
(4, 2 1/2) ]ll F = 3(4) + 2(2 1/2) = 17
(0, 5) ]ll F = 3(0) + 2(5) = 10
(6, 0) ]ll f $]l VSt A]l#l$.
VSt $]l = 18
2. JMS HMS*l {MS ]l$Z A(3, 0), B (0, 5) Al l$
]l# ]ll S{l$$ $]l$ ]l$V> 6, 15 Al S
{l$* MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.S{l$$ f = ax + by A]l$M]lyl.
A (3, 0) ]ll f $]l = 6
a(3) + b(0) = 6
3a = 6
a = 6/3
a=2
B (0, 5) ]ll f $]l
= 15
a(0) + b(5) = 15
5b = 15
b = 15/5
b=3
S{l$$ f = 2x+3y
MSl C_a]l T$ A$MS ]l]l l]l]l$

R_{O ^l*yl. x 0, y 0, x + y 1?
Sol.x 0, y 0 As lls l (Q1) ]l$ *_$.
x+y 1 *_^s x+y = 1 Q]l$ X,
]ll$]l# Ol# E]l { y ^l*.
3.
x
y
0
1
3.
x 3 As x = 3 x < 3.
x=3 Q]l$ X, ]ll$]l# Ol# E]l { y
^l*.
4. y 3 As y = 3 Q]l$ X ]ll$]l# Ol# E]l
{ y ^l*.
1
0
4 ]l*$P {$
4x+3y 12 A$MS
*_^l$ { MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.4x+3y 12 As 4x+3y = 12 Q]l$ X*.
4x+3y 12Z (0, 0) E_]l 0 12, Al M>st
4x+3y=12 QMS$ ]ll$]l# { *_
$.
4.
x
y
0
4
3
0
1. MS $]l* lt f = 3x + y]l$ VSt ^l$yl?

8x+5y 40, 4x+3y 12
Sol.
x 0, y 0
1. x 0, y 0
l ]l $ Q1 (lls l)
2. 8x+5y 40 As 8x+5y = 40 Q X*.
8x+5y 40 A$MS (0, 0) ]ll 0 40 l M>st
]ll$]l# E]l { y ^l*.
x
y
0
8
5
0
3. 4x+3y 12 As 4x+3y = 12 Q]l$

x
y
0
4
X*.
3
0
4x+3y 12 A$MS (0, 0) ]ll 0 > 12 Al
]ll$]l# { y ^l*.
S {l$$ f = 3x+y
{V># BV> ]ll MS$M> $$h >$
5.
x 1, y 1, x 3, y 3 Al
T$ A$MS ]l]l
l]lMS$ R_{lO ^l*yl?
Sol.
1.
A (3, 0) ]ll f = 3(3)+0 =9

B (5, 0) ]ll f = 3(5)+0 =15
x 1 As x = 1, x > 1
C (0, 5) ]ll f = 3(0)+5 =5
A]l$ Q]l$ X*. C y&A>MS 1 s

l*Z ]l*lV> Er$. (0, 0) l$]l# {
*_$.
2. y 1 As y=1 Q]l$ X_ ]l l$]l#
{ *_^.
x=1
A (3, 0), B(5, 0), C(0, 5), D(0, 4)
D (0, 4) ]ll f = 3(0)+4 =4

B (5, 0) ]ll f $]l
VSt
$]l = 15
({V> 4.1 ^l*ylyl-)
VSt A]l#l$.
M>st
{V> 4.1
2. Cl $ lj$ { *. 20, *. 25 $. A
{ k 4 ^M>P]l$, 2 rl] $; B { 2
^M>P]l$, 4 r]l$ MS$rtVS$. MS 100 ^M>P]l$,
110 r]l$ MSt lMS$ MS$sts.. $ JMMSP$ G
k$ ^l*Z MS]l$MP ]l$MS$ S{l$*,
A$MS ]l]l]l$ >$yl? ({V> A]l l$)
Sol.
k
A
Q = x,
k Q = y A]l$M]lyl.
B
x 0, y 0 Gl$MSs.. k Q llMS
x kZ A MS$r$t ^M>P$ = 4x
y kZ B MS$r$t ^M>P$ = 2y
MSP {M> 4x + 2y 100
2x + y 50 ......................................(1)
kZ A MS$st r$ = 2x
y kZ B MS$st r$ = 4y
MSP {M>
x
l^M>PO = *. 20
BMS$^la ^M>PO = *. 25
ll
= 20x + 25y
{l$$ P = 20x + 25y
4. JMS $u> l$M>Z yl$ M> $u>$ A, B]l$
7MS.{V>. ^l$Z ${]l$ ^l ]l D lV> E.
A MS $u> MS 3 MS.{V> Eylrr$ .. B MS $u>
5 MS.{V>. MSs GMS$P]l M>MS$y MS. A MS $u>O
{ MS.{V>.MS$ *. 15 .. B MS $u>O {
MS.{V>.MS$ *.20 lrrl VSt
s { 7 MS.{V>. _Z H MS $u> G
MS.{V>.$ Ey. D ]l$MS$ _]l l$]l$
*_^l A$MS]l$, S{l$* >$yl. {V>
X$]l]l l$?
Sol.$u> Mr$t $u> M>$ = A, B A]l$M]lyl.
A MS $u> MS 3 MS.{V>., B MS $u> MS 5
MS.{V>. MSs GMS$P]l M>MS$y As A 3, B 5 ..........(1)
JMPMSP _Z VS $u> $]l# = 7 MS.{V>.
A+B 7 .........(2)
2x + 4y 110
A MS
$u>O = *. 15
B MS $u>O = *. 20
{l$$ P = 15A+20B
x + 2y 55 .....................................(2)
lls lj A JMS k l]l = *. 20

B JMS kZ
l]l = *. 25
x kZ A
_]l = 20 x
_]l = 25 y
y kZ B
S {l$$ f = 20x + 25y
5 ]l*$P {$
1.
f=5x+7y]l$
JMS l$M>$ yl$ ]l VS$Z E]l ^M>P]l$ 20

MSs GMS$P]l A]l$yl$. BMS$^la ^M>P A]l$M>MS MS
st# l^M>P]l$ A]lyl$. { l^M>PO
*. 20. M>V> { BMS$^la ^M>PO *. 25 Al
VSt lyMS JMP MS# ^M>P$ Gs
A]l*? D ]l$MS$ _]l l$]l$ *_^l
A$MS]l$, S{l$* >$yl. {V>#
X$]l]l l$?
Sol.BMS$^la ^M>P$ = x,
l ^M>P$ = y A]l$M]lyl.
^M>P Q llMS M>st x 0, y 0.
{ k yl$ ^M>P$ MS 20 MSs GMS$P]l A]l$yl$.
3.
x + y 20 ....................(1)
{k BMS$^la ^M>PMS$ st# l^M>P$ A$]l

2x y
2x y 0 ....................(2)
2x+3y 12, 3x+y 12, x 0, y 0MS]l$VS$V>
VSt ^l$yl?
x 0, y 0 l ]l
$ Q1(llsl)
2x+3y 12 As 2x+3y = 12 Q]l$ X*.
x
y
0
4
6
0
2x+3y 12 Z
(0, 0) {S 0 12 l M>st
2x+3y 12 l]l S{l ]ll$]l# Ol# Er$.
3x+y 12 As 3x+y = 12 Q X*.
x
y
3x+y 12 ]ll$
0
12
4
0
(0, 0) E_]l 0 12 l M>st 3x+y

12 {l MS*y ]ll$]l# Ol Er$. O R
_{ > MS$M> $$h OABC A]l#l$.
$$h >$ O (0, 0), A (4, 0), B (3.4, 1.7), C (0, 4)
S{l$$ f = 5x+7y
O(0, 0) ]ll f=5(0) + 7(0) = 0
{V> 4.2
x + y 6 Z
(0, 0) {S _]l 0 6 Al M>st x+y

6 lS{l ]ll$]l# {l.
2x+y 8Z As 2x+y = 8 Q]l$ X*.
A (4, 0) ]ll f=5(4) + 7(0) = 20

B (3.4, 1.7) ]ll f=5(3.4) + 7(1.7)
= 17 + 11.9 = 28.9
C (0, 4) ]ll f=5(0) + 7(4) = 28
x
y
B (3.4, 1.7) ]ll
S{l$$ VSt A]l#l$.

VSt $]l = 28.9
-({V> 4.2]l$ ^l*ylyl.-)
2. x + y 6, 2x+y 8, x 0, y 0$]l* lt f = x
+y ]l$ MSt ^l$yl?
Sol. x 0, y 0 l ]l
$ Q1(lls l)
x + y 6 As x +y = 6 Q X*.
x
y
0
6
6
0
2x+y 8Z
2x+y 8
0
8
4
0
(0, 0) {S ^lV> 0 8 Al M>st

lS{l ]ll$]l# {
*_$.
O s R_{lZ *__]l
$$h Hyl$l$.
>$ A (6, 0), B(2, 4), C(0, 8)
S{l$$ f = x+y
{V> 4.3
ABC
]ll MS$M>
A (6, 0) ]ll f = 6+0 = 6
x
y
B (2, 4) ]ll f = 2+4 = 6

C (0, 8) ]ll f = 0+8 = 8
A (6, 0), B (2, 4) ]ll f = x+y MSt
A]l#l$.
MSt $]l = 6
-({V> 4.3]l$ ^l*ylyl.-)
3. MS $]l*MS$ A]l$VS$V> f=2x+y]l$ VSt ^l$yl?
2x+y 8, y 4, x 3, x 0, y 0.
1. x 0, y 0
l ]l $ Q1 lls l
2. x 3 R_{l X*s x =3 Q]l$ X
]ll$]l# Ol# { *_^.
3. y 4 R_{l X*s.. y = 4 Q]l$ X
]ll$]l# Ol# { y ^l*.
4. 2x+y 8 R_{l X*s.. 2x+y = 8 Q
X*. 2x+y 8Z (0, 0) E_]l 0 8 l M>st
]ll$]l# Ol# E]l { y ^l*.
0
8
4
0
O s R_{lZ *__]l#yl$ OABCD MS$M>

$$h Hyl.
$$h >$ 0 (0, 0), A(3, 0), B(3, 2),C(2, 4),D(0,4)
S {l$$ f = 2x+y
O (0, 0) ]ll f = 2(0)+0 = 0
A (3, 0) ]ll f = 2(3)+0 = 6
B (3, 2) ]ll f = 2(3)+2 = 8
C (2, 4) ]ll f = 2(2)+4 = 8
D (0, 4) ]ll f = 2(0)+4 = 4
B (3, 2), C (2, 4) ]ll S{l$$ VSt A.
VSt $]l = 8
-({V> 4.4]l$ ^l*ylyl.-)
{V> 4.4
]l Q$
]lR>$:
1. x JMS l] Q Al x ]l* ]l$ ]l |x|
]l$ |x| = x, x > 0
= 1 R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
= - x, x < 0
= 0, x = 0 A
_.
2. a llMS ]l Q Al |x| a - a x a
3. a llMS ]l Q Al |x| a x a
x-a
xn a n
= n a n 1 (n
4. xLt
a x a
x a
x a
5. Lt
x a
3
2. y = 3 + 3
1
y =3 3+ 3
3
(a + b )3 = a 3 + b 3 + 3ab (a + b )
1+ l + m
1
1+ m + n
1
1 + n + l 1
=1
y3 =
A ^l*yl?
1
1+ l + m
2.
1 1
a =
a
1
1+ l +
1
m
1 + m + n 1
3.
3.
1+ n + l
1+ x
1+ m +
1
n
lmn = 1
mn = 1 = l 1
l
1
=
............(3)
1 + n + mn
1+ l + m
-^l-$-V>..
9 + 1 + 9y
3
ab
+x
a c
1
1+x
b c
+x
b a
1
1 +x
c a
+ x c b
=1
sol:
L.H.S
(1) + (2) + (3)

L.H.S =
1
1
1
+ 3 + 3 3 3. 3 3 3 + 3
3
3
3
n
..............(2)
n + mn + 1
1
^l*yl?
mn
.............(1)
mn + 1 + n
3y3 = 10 + 9y
3y3 - 9y = 10
lmn = 1
lm = 1
m
1
m + +1
n
( )
3
1
= 3 + + 3y
3
m
=
m + lm + 1
C$Ol# $]l ^l$V>
sol:
1.
AMS$ Q)
m mn
a
n
Al
y= 33+
lmn = 1
Al 3y3 9y = 10 A ^l*yl?
sol:
4 ]l*$P {$
1.
mn + n + 1
mn + 1 + n
1
1+ m + n
1
1 + m + l 1
mn
n
1
+
+
mn + 1 + n n + mn +1 1 + n + mn
1
1 + x a b + x a c
1
xa x a
1+ b + c
x
x
1
xb xb
1+ c + a
x
x
xb xc
x x +x x +x x
b c
a c
1
1
+
1 + x b c + x b a 1 + x c a + x c b
a b
x b+c
x b + c + x a + c + x a+ b
x b + c + x c+ a + x a + b
x b + c + x a + c + x a+ b
= 1 R.H.S.
L.H.S = R.H.S
1
xc xc
1+ a + b
x
x
x cx a
x x +x x +x x
c a
b a
b c
x c+ a
x c+ a + x b+ a + x b+ c
x ax b
x x + x cx b +x cx
a b
x a+ b
x a+ b + x c+ b + x c+ a
x + a 2a
x a
4. xLt
a
]l$ VS]l ^l$yl?
1
a a 1
2
sol:
x + a 2a
x a
Lt
x a
x a
AMS$ ^l$V>
x a
x a
Lt
x + a 2a
(x a )(
x a
(x a ) (
x a
=
=
x + a + 2a
x a
n
x + a + 2a
1
a + a + 2a
1
2a + 2a
1
(x
Lt
(x
a a
n
an
0
0
A>MS.
) (x a )
) (x a )
Lt x m a m
x a
an
m.a m 1
n.a n 1
m m 1 n +1
a
n
m mn
a
n
x a
xm a m
x a
n
m mn
a
n
3. a1/3 + b1/3 + c1/3 = 0
2 ]l*$P {$
) (x a )
) (x a )
am
(
Lt (x
]l>]l$ (x-a) W^lV>
x a
Lt
2 2a
xn a n
x a
= Lt
x + a + 2a
x a
= Lt
A ^l*yl?
am am
xm a m
x a
x a
x a
m mn
a
n
xm a m
Lt
( x + a ) ( 2a )
= Lt
(x a )( x + a + 2a )
= Lt
x a
n
sol:
x + a 2a
x + a + 2a
x a
x + a + 2a
= Lt
xm a m
2. Lt
Al (a+b+c)3 = 27 abc A
^l*yl?
1.
a = x + x2 +1
Al
sol:
C$Ol# ]lY ^l$V>
( x +1 )
2
a 2ax + x = x + 1
2
a 2 + x 2 x 2 1 = 2ax
a 2 1 = 2ax
x =
a 1
2a
) A ^l*yl?
a x = x 2 +1
1
a a 1
2
C$Ol# $]l ^l$V>

(a1/3 + b1/3)3 = (- c1/3 )3 (a + b ) = a + b + 3a b + 3ab
(a1/3)3 + (b1/3)3 + 3 a1/3 b1/3 (a1/3 + b1/3) = -c
a = x + x2 +1
(a x )2 =
x=
sol:
a1/3 + b1/3 + c1/3 = 0
a1/3 + b1/3 = - c1/3
3
a + b + 3 a1/3 b1/3 (- c1/3 ) = -c

a + b - 3a1/3 b1/3 c1/3 = -c
a + b + c = 3a1/3 b1/3 c1/3
C$Ol# $]l ^l$V>

(a+b+c)3 = (3a1/3 b1/3 c1/3)3
(a+b+c)3 = 27 abc
4. ax = by = cz;
1 a2 1
=
2 a a
b c
=
a b
sol:
ax = by = cz = k
A]l$Ms...
ax = k
a = k 1/x
AllV> b = k 1/y
A-l y/x =
2z
x+z
A ^l*yl?
1/z
c=k
15
MSP {M>
b c
=
a b
b2 = ac
2. |2x 3| 7 ^lyl?
sol:
|x| a l]l - a x a
1 1
+
z
= kx
|2x 3| 7
2 1 1
= +
y x z
x 2 7x + 10
x2
x2
3. |5p - 7| 9 ^lyl?
sol:
|x| a l]l x a x - a
]l$ VS]l ^l$yl?
|5p - 7| 9 5p - 7 9
5p - 7 - 9
5p - 9 + 7
p 16/5 p - 2/5
l]l = p 16/5 p - 2/5
(A>MS)
4.
x 7x + 10
Lt
x2
x2
2
- 7x + 10MS$ M>>$$
= x (x - 5) - 2 (x - 5)
= (x - 2) (x - 5)
x2
- 5x - 2x + 10
(x 2 ) (x 5 )
x 2 7x + 10
= Lt
x2
x 2
x2
(x 2 )
Lt
=2-5
=-3
JMS ]l*$P {$
x1/4 a1/4
]l$ VS]l ^l$yl?
x4 a 4
x a
sol:
xm a m
x a
Lt
x a
x a
x1/4 a1/4
x4 a 4
1
a
4 4
(x ) = x Al p]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
2/3 p
(x ) = x
2/3 p
x2
M>st
5p 9 + 7
x 2 7x + 10 2 2 7 2 +10
=
x2
x 2
2 2
Lt
Lt
4 2 x 10
2
2
2
l ]l $ = - 2 x 5
5. Lt
Lt
l]l 7 2x 3 7
4 2x 10
y
2z
=
x z+x
0
0
M>st
7 + 3 2x 3 + 3 7 + 3
y
xz
=
2 z+x
1.
1
16 a15/4
1
1
= k x .k z
2 z+x
=
y
xz
1 4
a
16
m mn
a
n
1
1 / 4 4 4
.a
4
2p
3
= x2
p= 2
2p
=2
3
3
2
p=3
5. x = ap, y = aq, xq.yp = a2/r Al pqr = 1A ^l*yl?
sol:
x = ap, y = aq,
xq.yp = a2/r
xq.yp = a2/r
(ap)q. (aq)p = a2/r
apq. apq = a2/r
apq + pq = a2/r
a2pq = a2/r
2pq = 2/r
pq = 1/r
pqr = 1
116
4
{l$-$
AMS-{-l (A.P): ll-s l $]l- $W --
N --MS JMS Q-]l$ MS--l H-yl-]l Q- ]l$--
-]l$ AMS-{--l$-s-$ (A.P). D MS]l Q-]l$ l (d) A, lls- l (a)]l$ t1 *_-.
VS$--{-l-Z- - ll:
xVS$-{-l-Z- 'n' - ll
Sn =
a 1 rn
1 r
(--)
d = t2 t1 = t3 t2... etc.,
Sn =
a r n 1
r 1
AMS-{-l ---- *: ll-s l a, l- d Al

AMS-{-l-Z n]l l tn = a+(n1)d
A]ll VS$-{-l-Z- --- ll
where d = t2t1 = t3t2 = etc.,
Sn =
n
[a + l ]
2
where l = _]l-
>-l-MS {l (H.P): C_a-]l {l-Z { l ]l#-{lP-]l$ (-Z]l*-$-) AMS-{-l-Z E]l-r--l... B {l- >-l-MS {--l As$. AMS-{-l Z-]l*-$ >-l-MS {l.
AMS-]l$-l-]l$ (A.M): a, b, c$ AMS-{-l-Z Es b]l$

AMS]l$-l-]l$ As-$.
a, b
a +c
2
1. 'n' -f
2. 'n' -f
>-l-MS {l-Z 'n']l l
tn =
1
a + (n 1)d
>-l-MS {--l-Z 'n' - l--MS *{l l$.

-Q- ll =
n =
-Q- ]l>Y- ll
n (n + 1)
>-l-MS ]l$l-]l$ (H.M):

a, b, c$ >-l-MS {l-Z Es.. b]l$ a, c >-l-MS ]l$l-]l$
As-$.
n 2 =
n (n + 1)(2n + 1 )
6
n 2 (n + 1)
b=
3. 'n' -f
a
1 r
b = ac
(---)
=
S =
VS$]l$l-]l$ (G.M): a, b, c$ VS$-{-l-Z Es.. b]l$ a, c

VS$-]l$-l-]l$ As-$.
n
2a + (n 1 )d
2
b=
), (r > 1 )
VS$-{-l-Z - -Q A--$-lOl$l.. A]ll VS$-{-l

As-$.
a, a+d, a+2d, ...... a + n 1d
AMS-{-l-Z- - ll:
AMS-{-l-Z- 'n']l - ll
), (r < 1 )
-Q- $- ll
n 3 =
= (n )
2ac
a +c
a, b, c AMS-]l$-l-]l$ A, VS$-]l$-l-]l$ G, >-l-MS ]l$l-]l$

H A-l... G2 = A.H A]l#-l$, A G H
VS$-{-l (G.P): ll-s l l $W -- -MS

]ll$-]l --MS JMS -- --Z E]l {l- VS$-{-l As
$. D - ]l*-l] - (r) As-$.
t
t
r = 2 = 3 = etc.,
t1 t 2
VS$-{-l -- *: ll-s l
A-l a, ar, ar2, ar3, .....arn1
VS$-{-l-Z 'n']l l tn = arn1
-
a,
]l*-]l -
'r'
A, G, H$
VS$-{-l-Z Es-.
4 ]l*$P- -{--$
1. l-l-r 'n' -f Q- ll S1, ]l>Y- ll S2, $
ll S3 -A--l 9S22 = S3 (1+8S1) A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
ll-s 'n' -f Q- ll
S1 =
n (n + 1)
ll-s 'n' -f- Q- ]l>Y- ll

n (n + 1)(2n + 1 )
S =
2
-l-l-s 'n' --f Q- $- ll

2
n 2 (n + 1)
S =
3
n (n + 1)
n (n + 1)
1 + 8
4
2
S3 (1 + 8S1 ) =
n 2 (n + 1)
5
1
1
= n 1 n
9
9 10
9n 1 n
5
10
=
9
9
4
n 2 (n + 1)
4
n (n + 1)
(1 + 4n
+ 4n
(2n )2 + 2.2n + 1
S3 (1 + 8S1 ) =
2
ll{l 1.4 + 3.7 + 5.10 +.......

l-l{--l-Z { --MS yl$ -M>--M>-$ E-.
{-- lZ- ll-s M>-M>--]l$ ]l$--V> >..
1, 3, 5, 7, ....... C AMS{- - l - Z E--.
n 2 (n + 1) (2n + 1 )
2
Z ]l, >--]l$ 9 VS$-..
R.H.S.
9n 2 (n + 1) (2n + 1 )
2
S3 (1 + 8S1 ) =
2
a = 1, d = 2
tn = a+(n1)d
= 1+(n1)2
= 1 + 2n2
= 2n 1
9 4
n (n + 1)(2n + 1 )
= 9
5
1
9n 1 n
81
10
3. 1.4 + 3.7 + 5.10 +....... {l-Z n - ll MS]l$-MPyl?

Sol:
1 + 4n (n + 1)
CllV> y M>-M>--]l$ ]l$--V> >-..

4, 7, 10, ...... AMS-{-l-Z E-.
= 9S22
S3 (1+8S1)2 = 9S22
2. 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 +......
{l-Z
'n'
l-
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
a = 4, d = 3
tn = 4+(n1)3
= 4 + 3n 3
= 3n + 1
l-l {l-Z n]l l Tn = (2n1) (3n+1)
Sn = 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 +.......n -$
=6n2 n 1
= 5[0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 +.......n -$]
ll {l-Z n - ll Sn = Tn
= 5[1/10 + 11/100 + 111/1000 +.......n --$]
= (6n2 n 1)
= (6n2 n 1)
9 VS$_ W-...
= 5/9[9/10 + 99/100 + 999/1000 +.......n ---$-]
= 5/9[(1 1/10) + (1 1/100) + (1 1/1000) +......n
$-)-]
-$) (1/10 + 1/100 + 1/1000
= 5/9[1 + 1 + 1 +.....n
+......n -$-)]
= 5/9[n(1/10 + 1/102 + 1/103 +.......n -$-)]
1 n
1
5
1
10
= n
9 10 1 1
10
5
1 10
= n
9
9
10
1 n
10
=
=
6 n (n + 1)(2n + 1 ) n (n + 1)
n
2
6
2n (n + 1)(2n + 1 ) n (n + 1 ) 2n
2
n
2 (n + 1)(2n + 1 ) (n + 1 ) 2
2
n
4n 2 + 2n + 4n + 2 n 1 2
2
n
4n 2 + 5n 1
2
4. (b+c), (c+a), (a+b)$ >-l-MS -{-l-Z -E-s.. 1/a2, 1/b2,

1/c2$ MS*y >-l-MS {l-Z Es$- ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
(b+c), (c+a), (a+b)$
>-l-MS {l-Z Es..
1/b+c,
1/c+a, 1/a+b$
AMS-{-l-Z Es-.
6.
l- d = t2 t1 = t3 t2
yl$ Q-$ = a, b A]l$-Ms..

a, b AMS-]l$-l-]l$ (A.M) = A = a+b/2
a, b VS$-]l$-l-]l$ (G.M) = G = ab
b+ c c a c+ a a b
=
(c + a )(b + c ) (c + a )(a + b )
cb
a, b
(c + a )(b + c ) (c + a )(a + b )
(a+b) (ba) = (b+c) (cb)

(or)
(b+a) (ba) = (c+b) (cb)
b2 a2 = c2 b2
2b2 = a2 + c2
2
AG0
A G (1)
GH=
ab 2ab
1
a +b
ab (a + b ) 2 ab. ab
a+b
A]l$-Ms..
=
ab
a + b 2 ab
a+b
ab
a + b
ab
a+b
Al- >-l-MS {l.
>-l-MS {--lZ Z-]l*-$ AMS-{-l-Z Es--. M>-st

12, x1, x2, x3, x4, 42$ AMS-{-l.
a = 12
t6 = 42
a + 5d = 42
12 + 5d = 42
5d = 42 12
5d = 30
d = 30/5 = 6
x1 = a+d
= 12+6 = 18
x2 = a+2d = 12+26 = 24
x3 = a+3d = 12+36 = 30
x4 = a+4d = 12+46 = 36
AMS{- l
a b
( a b) 0
=
]l$l >-l-MS ]l$l-]l*-$ =
1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , ,
12 x1 x 2 x 3 x 4 42
5. 1/12, 1/42 ]l$l 4 >-l-MS ]l$l-]l*-$ E^lyl?

Sol:
2ab
a+b
a + b 2 ab
2
2
$ >-l-MS {l-Z Es-.
1 1 1 1
, , ,
x1 x 2 x 3 x 4
H=
a+b
ab
2
1
( a) +( b) 2
A G =
AMS-{-l-Z Es-.
1 1 1
,
,
a 2 b2 c2
1/12, 1/42
->-l-MS ]l$l-]l$ (H.M) =
A G =
ba cb
=
b+c a +b
a2, b2 c2$
A, G, H
Sol:
1
1
1
1
c +a b +c a +b c +a
b a
yl$ Q- A.M., G.M., H.M.,$ ]l$--V>

Al A G H A ^l*^lyl?
( a ) +( b) 2
2
( a b) 0
2
a b
(a, b
$ l--l-M>-$-)
GH0
G H ____ (2)
(1), (2)
]l$_ A G H
2 ]l*$P- {-$
1. JMS A-MS-{-l-Z 8]l l 17, 19]l l 39 A-l 25]l l
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
AMS-{-l-Z 8]l l t8 = 17
a + 7d = 17 _____ (1)
= 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42
>-l -MS {l = 1/12, 1/18, 1/24, 1/30, 1/36, 1/42

>-l-MS -]l$-l-]l*-$ = 1/18, 1/24, 1/30, 1/36
AMS-{-l-Z 19]l l t19 = 39

a + 18d = 39 _____ (2)
(1), (2)]l$
-..
a + 7d = 17
4. m, n ]l$l g1, g2, g3, VS$-]l$-l-]l*-$s...
a + 18d = 39
g1 g3 = g22 = mn A ^l*^lyl?
Sol.
VS${- l = m, g1, g2, g3, n

- ]l*-]l -M>--st
----------------------
-l-
11d = 22
d = 22/11 = 2
(1) ]l$_ a + 7d = 17
t 2 t 3 t 4 t5
= = =
t1 t 2 t 3 t 4
a + 7(2) = 17
a = 1714
a=3
g1 g 2 g 3 n
=
=
=
m g1 g2 g3
AMS-{-l-Z 25]l l t25 = a + 24d
ll-s, _]l---s ]l$_
= 3 + 24(2)
= 3 + 48
= 51
g1 n
=
m g3
g1g3 = mn (1)
2. 4, 64 ]l$l 3 VS$-]l$-l-]l*-$ E^lyl?
Sol:
]l$l -- ]l$_
g 2 g3
=
g1 g 2
4, 64
]l$l VS$-]l$-l-]l*-$ = g1, g2, g3 A]l$-Ms..

{l = 4, g1, g2, g3, 64(VS$--{-l-)
g22 = g1g3 (2)
a=4
t5 = 64
(1), (2)
g1g3 = g22 = mn
ar4
= 64
4r4 = 64
r4 = 64/4
r4 = 16
r4 = 24
r=2
5.
JMS AMS-{-l-Z- ]lyl$ ]l$- - ll, $ ]l$V> 12, 48 A--l.. B --]l$ >$yl?
Sol:
AMS-{-l-Z ]lyl$ ]l$- -$ = ad, a, a+d A]l$-Ms..

s ll = 12
a = 4, r = 2 A--l
g3 = ar3 = 4 23 = 32
ad + a + a + d = 12
3a = 12
a = 12/3
a=4
4, 6
= 48
g1 = ar = 42 = 8
g2 = ar2 = 4 22 = 16
3.
]l$_
]l$l VS$-]l$l -l] *-$ = 8, 16, 32
AMS-{-l-Z ll-s 'n' - ll 2n +

- MS]l$-MPyl?
3n2
(ad) a (a+d) = 48
a(a2 d2) = 48
4(42 d2) = 48
16 d2 = 48/4
16 12 = d2
d = 4 = 2
A-l 'r']l
Sol:
AMS-{-l-Z 'n' - ll Sn = 2n + 3n2

'n']l
l tn = Sn Sn1
a = 4, d = 2 A--l
]lyl$ ]l$- - -$ = 2, 4, 6
a = 4, d = 2 A-l - l] -yl $ ]l$-
-$ = 6, 4, 2
= (2n + 3n2) [2(n1) + 3(n1)2]

= (2n + 3n2) [2n2 + 3(n22n+1)]
= 2n + 3n 2 2n + 2 3n 2 + 6n 3
6.
AMS-{-l-Z 'n']l l = 6n1

l = 6r1
AMS-{-l-Z 'r']l
Sol:
AMS-{-l-Z 7]l --MS 7 r$, 11]l --MS 11 rMS$ ]l*]l-Ol$-]l 18]l l $]l A ^l*yl?
AMS{- - l - Z 7]l -M- S 7 r$ = 11]l -M- S 11 r$
7 t7 = 11 t11
7(a+6d) = 11(a + 10d)
7a + 42d = 11a + 110d

42d 110d = 11a 7a
68d = 4a
4a + 68d = 0
4(a + 17d) = 0
(or)
a + 17d = 0
t18 = 10
AMS-{-l-Z
a
80
=
1 r 9
a
1 4
( 5)
80
9
a
80
=
4
9
1+
5
18]l l = 0
a
80
=
9
9
5
1 ]l*$P- {-$
16
1.
2
, x, 7
2
7
Sol:
2
, x, 7
2
7
]l$- Q-$ VS$-{-l-Z Esx $-ll?
a = 16
4.
VS$-{-l-Z E- M>-st
]l*-]l -
J-MS AMS-{-l-Z l = 8, n = 8, S8 = 20 A-l a $-ll?
Sol:
t2 t3
=
t1 t 2
AMS-{-l-Z l = 8
n=8
S8 = 20
7
x
2
=
2
x
7
8
S8 = (a + 8 )
2
n
Sn = (a + l )
2
20 = 4(a+8)
20 = 4a + 32
4a = 20 32
52
a=
4
7 2
x2 =
2 7
7 2
=
2 7
x = 1
x = 1
4a = 52
a = 13
5. 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 +....... -{-l-Z 10]l - l-l-l$l?

Sol:
2. 5, 2, 1, ...... AMS-{-l-Z G l 28 A]l#-l$?

Sol:
1 + 2 + 22 + 23 +........ 10
a=5
d = 25 = 3
10 -
l tn = 28
'n']l
a + (n1)d = 28
5 + (n1) (3) = 28
5 3n + 3 = 28
8 3n = 28
8 + 28 = 3n
3n = 36
n = 36/3
n = 12
ll
1 210 1
2 1
S10 =
a(r n 1)
r 1
) = 210 1
3, 2
6, ....... {l-Z 8]l -l >$yl?
6. 3, 6, 2
Sol:
3, 6, 23, 26, .......
{l-Z - ]l*-]l M>-st C
VS$-{-l.
12]l l 28 A]l#-l$.
a = 3
3.
VS$-{-l ]l*-]l -
A-l ll-s ll$l?
-$
a=1
r = 2, n = 10
AMS{- - l = 5, 2, 1, ......
{l- Z
80 9
a=
9
5
4/5
A]llll
Sol:
VS$-{-l ]l*-]l - r = 4/5

A]ll - ll S = 80/9
80/9
r=
6
3
3 2
3
8]l l t8 = ar7
= 3(2)7
= 2
RVSl
*: JMS BM> E]l s]l$ *s$ As$. JMS
BM> E]l {$g]l$ * {$g$ As$. *
lMS$ VS$$ "'
* {$f l>$: yl$ {$gZ
1) A]l$* M$ ]l*]lOl$,
2) A]l$* $g$ A]l$lZ E.. s *
{$g$ As$.
{$g *l l$ l:
a) ABC ABC (>]l]l l)
b) ABC DEF Al DEF ABC (t]l l)
c) ABC DEF, DEF XYZ Al ABC
XYZ A]l#l$({MS]l$ l)
]ll]lMS$ Q: JMS Q JMS ]l JMS l$]l# ]ll
Qyl, Q As$.
bll]lQ: JMS Q JMS ]l yl$ l$ l$]l# ]ll
Qyl bll]lQ As$.
{MS.
r $
]lR>$:
1. JMS ]l JMS Q JMS JMS l$]l# ]ll Qyl$
$.
2. JMS Q JMS ]ll _]l l$]l#MS$ V>
E]l^ B Q B ]lMS Q A]l#l$.
3. JMS ]lMS l$ E]l l$]l# ]l$_ X$lVS$
Q yl]l#$ ]l*]l.
4. yl$ ]l$ ^l$M]l s MS{lV>$, l$]l#
VS$y l$.
5. JMS ]llQylZ M$ ]l*]l.
6. ^l{MS$ ^ll$$fZ A]lQ M$ ]l*]l.
7. PAB bll]l Q ]l A, B ]ll Qyl_]l. PT
Q A]l PA.PB=PT2.
8. yl$ ]ll>$ R, r A]l$M]lyl. s MS{ ]l$l
l* 'd' r$
$]l$
Q Q
d>R+r
ll Q$=4. yl$
{lS, yl$ M
Q$ X^l$a
1.
AQyll ]l$
2.
V>
^l ]l$
d=R+r
d<R+r
3.
Qyll ]l$
ll Q$=3. yl$
{lS, JMSs E]l$yl
Q]l$ X^l$a
ll Q$=2. yl$
{lS Q$ ]l*{ll$
X$VS
d>Rr
JMS E]l$yl Q X$
]l^l$a.
4.
Al@ ]l$
5.
AlV>
^l ]l$
(HMSMS{l ]l$)
d=Rr
Q$ X$.
Rr>d
5 ]l*$P {$
1. BC = 5 .$., A = 70, ]l$lVSl
Eylr$ ABC {$g ^lyl?
2.
AD=3
.$
.$., A = 70, A ]l$_ BCMS X]l

l D, B ]l$_ 4.5 .$ l*Z E]l ABC
{$g ^lyl?
BC = 7
_l$r
> {MS]l$:
1. BC = 5 .$ RQyl X]l$.
2. BCO PBC = 70 Eylr$ BP]l$ X]l$.
3. BPMS$ B ]ll Q BE X-]l$.
4. BC ]l$Qyl]l Q QR]l$ X-]l$.
5. BE, QR Qyl]l l$]l# 'O']l$ VS$^-]l$.
6. 'O' MS{lV> OB = OC ]l X-]l$.
7. BC ]l$ll$]l# D ]l$_ 3 .$. ]l
A, A' ]ll Qyl^]l$.
8. AB, AC, A'C]l$ MS]l$.
9. M>]l ABC, A'BC$ Hyz.
E:
BC = 5 .$.
CBP = CAB = CA'B = 70
l)
]l$lVSlQ AD=3.$.
(HM>l]ll Qyl
_l$r
> {MS]l$:
1. BC = 7 .$ RQyl X]l$.
2. BCO PBC = 70 Ey r$ BP X]l$.
3. BP MS$ B ]ll Q BE X-]l$.
4. BC ]l$Qyl]lQ QR X-]l$.
5. BE, QR Qyl]l l$]l# 'O'V> VS$^-]l$.
6. 'O' MS{lV> OB = OC ]l X-]l$.
7. BC O BD = 4.5 .$. Eylr$ D]l$ VS$^-]l$.
8. BC O D ]ll X$V> A ]l A ]ll
Qyl_.
9. AB, AC]l$ MS-]l$.
10.M>]l ABC Hyl.
E: BC = 7 .$.
CBP = CAB = 90 (HM>l]ll Qyl l)
A ]l$_ BMS$ X]l l D, B ]l$_ 4.5 .$.
l*Z E.
3.
BC = 4 .$., A = 50, A ]l$_ BCMS X]l
.$ A$r$ ABC {$g ^lyl?
4.
AB = 3 .$., BC = 6
.$., AC= 4 .$, AD=2

.$ Eylr$ ABCD ^l{MS$ ^ll$$g ^lyl?
_l$r
> {MS]l$:
1. BC = 4 .$ RQyl X]l$.
2. BCO PBC = 50 Eyl$]lr$ BP]l$ X]l$.
3. BP MS$ B ]ll Q BE X-]l$.
4. BC ]l$Qyl]lQ QR X--]l$.
5. BE, QR Qyl]l l$]l#]l$ 'O'V> VS$^-]l$.
6. 'O' MS{lV> OB = OC ]l X-]l$.
7. BC MS$ 3 .$. l*Z JMS ]l*l Q]l$ X$V> A
]l A, A' ]ll Qyl_.
8. AB, AC ]l$ MS]l$. A'B, A'C]l$ MS-]l$.
9. M>]l ABC, A'BC $ Hyz.
E:
BC = 4 .$.
CBP = CAB = CA'B = 50
_l$r
> {MS]l$:
1. BC = 6 .$ RQyl X]l$.
2. B ]l$_ 3 .$. JMS ^ X]l$.
3. C ]l$_ 4 .$. lls ^]l$ A ]ll
Qyl^-]l$.
4. AB, AC ]l$ MSV> ABC {$f Hyl.
5. BC ]l$Qyl]l Q PQ ]l$ X-]l$.
6. AB ]l$Qyl]l Q XY]l$ X-]l$.
7. PQ, XY Qyl]l l$]l# 'O'V> VS$^-]l$.
8. OA=OB=OC 'O' MS{lV> ]l X-]l$.
9. A ]l$_ 2 .$. ]l D ]ll Qyl^-]l$.
10. AD, CD]l$ MS-]l$.
11. ABCD ^l{MS$ ^ll$$f Hyl.
(HM>l]ll Qyl
l)
A ]l$_ BCMS = 3 .$.
4 ]l*$P {$
1. {l$MS A]l$l l (l l) >
*^lyl?
l: JMS {$fZ JMS $gMS ]l*l Q]l$ X..
A $W]l yl$ $g]l$ JMS Z Qyl$.
l: ABC Z DE||BC, DE, AB D]ll AC E ]ll

Qyl$.
>:
AD AE
=
DB EC
>: BE, CD]l$ MS. EF BA, DG AC

E: ADE, BDE $ As.. ADE, BDE Ol>$.
1
AD EF
ADE 2
AD
=
=
....................(1)
BDE 1 DB EF DB
2
CllV>
1
AE DG
ADE 2
AE
=
=
....................(2)
CDE 1 EC DG EC
2
l: ABC Z BAC ]l$Qyl]l R BC D ]ll

Qyl$. BAD = DAC
>:
BD AB
=
DC AC
>: DAMS$ ]l*lV> CE X$yl. A BA

ylW^lV> E]ll Qyl$.
E: CE||DA, AC {VSQ M>st CAD, ACE
(HM>l M$) ..............(1)
DA||CE, BE {VSQ M>st BAD, AEC (l
M$) ..............(2)
M> l BAD = DAC ...........(3)
(1), (2), (3) ]l$_ ACE = AEC
AC = AE ( ]l*]l M]l$ Gl$$V> E]l $g$
{$fZ ]l*]l)
BCEZ DA ||CE
{l$MS A]l$l l {M>
BD BA
=
DC AE
BD AB
=
( AE = AC )
DC AC
3. OVS l >, *^lyl?

l: JMS M {$fZ MS~ $ ]lY, $W]l
yl$ $g $ ]l>Y lMS ]l*]l.
M> BDE, CDE$ JMS *$ DEO]l JMS ]l*l

Q$ DE, BC ]l$l E. M>st s Ol>$
]l*]l.
BDE, CDE
(1), (2)
]l$_
AD AE
=
DB EC
2. M ]l$Qyl R l >, *^lyl?

l: JMS {$fZ M ]l$Qyl]l Q, Gl$s
$g $VS yl$ $g Z h^.
l: ABC JMS M {$f.

>: AC2 = AB2 + BC2
>: BD AC
ADB
ABC
A =
ADB=
ABC=90
E: ADB ABC (M.M. *l)

* {$gZ A]l$* $g l$$ ]l*]l
M>st
AD AB
=
AB AC
BAQ = ACB
ADBC ^l{MS$
AB2 = AD.AC ........................(1)
M>st
CllV> BDE, ABC * {$g ]l$_

BC DC
=
AC BC
ACB + BDA = 180

BDA = 180 ACB
= 180 BAQ ( BAQ = ACB)
= BAP
BC2 = AC.DC ........................(2)

(1), (2)]l$ MS$V>
AB2 + BC2 = AD.AC + AC.DC
= AC (AD + DC)
= AC. AC ( AD + DC = AC r
^ll$$f.
BAP = BDA
]l$_)
= AC2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
4. HM>l ]llQyl >, *^lyl?

l: JMS ]lMS JMS Q]l$ X]l, l$]l#
> X]l g, B Q ^l M HM>l]ll
QylZ MMS$ ]l*]l.
l: 'O' MS{lV> E]l ]ll PQ Q ]l, A ]ll

MS$l$. A l$]l# AB g. C, D $ ABMS$ C$Ol#
E]l l$]l#$.
>: 1) BAP = ADB
2) BAQ = ACB
>: AOE E, B ]l$ MSyl.

E: ABE = 90 (A]llZ M)
ABEZ AEB + EAB = 90 ..........(1)
EAQ = 90 ( EA PQ)
EAB + BAQ = 90 .........(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_
AEB + EAB = EAB + BAQ
5. HM>l ]llQyl l * __,

*^lyl?
l: JMS ]ll Z JMS g _]l l$]l# ]l$_ JMS
Q X]l, A g ^l M$ B g HM>l ]ll
QylZ ^l MMS$ ]l*]lOl$ B Q ]lMS
Q.
l: 'O' MS{lV> E]l ]llZ
AB g, C Al ABMS JMSOl# E]l l$]l#.
Q BAQ = ACB
>: A l$]l# ]ll ]lMS X]l Q PAQ.

>: PAQ Q M>MS$s.. A ]ll ]lMS P'AQ' Al
Q]l$ X$yl.
E: A ]ll P'AQ' JMS Q M>st HM>l ]llQyl
l {M>
BAQ' = ACB ..........(1)
BAQ = ACB (l).........(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_

BAQ = BAQ'
MS HMS^lMS$]l C A]l.
M>st P'AQ' lMS PAQ HMS^. As.. PAQ
]lMS Q.
AQ'
AEB = BAQ ........(3)
M> AEB = ACB (JMS ]llQylZ M$) ........(4)

(3), (4) ]l$_
A ]l$_ PAQ
MS
AQ
2 ]l*$P {$
1. ABCD ]l$^ll$$fZ AB2+BC2+CD2+DA2 =
AC2+BD2 A ^l*yl?
Sol. ABCD JMS ]l$^ll$$f. AC, BD MS>~$ 'O' ]ll
Qyl^l$MS$r$.
3.
AC2 CD2 A
AC
BD
+
4
4
OVS l
ABDZ
(1), (2)
AB2
4.
3 2
a
4
ADCZ
OVS l {M>
AC2 = AD2 + DC2
= AD2 + (BD+BC)2
AC2 = AD2 + BD2 + BC2 + 2BD. BC ...........(1)
a 3
2
ADB ]l$_ AB2 =AD2+BD2

AB2 BD2=AD2...........(2)
A $k]l# ^l$yl?
(2)]l$ (1)Z {S^lV>

AC2 = AB2 BD2 + BD2 + BC2 + 2BD.BC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BD.BC
AD2 = AC2 DC2

a2
4
4a 2 a 2 3a 2
=
4
4
3a 2
4
3
AD =
a
2
ABC Ol> = 1/2 *$ Gl$

1
= BC AD
2
1
3
= a
a
2
2
3 2
a
4
^l.r$.
ABC A]l$ AMSM {$fZ B AMSM. AD BC
D = 90
]l$$ {$f.
AB= BC = CA= a r$.
ADCZ D = 90
Gl$
BD2 = AC2 CD2
A]l AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BD.BC A ^l*yl?

Sol.ABC AMSM {$f
Sol.ABC JMS
AD =
]l$_
2. ]l$$ {$f $f 'a' Al (1) Gl$ Ml
{M>
ACDZ AD2=AC2CD2 .................(2)
AC 2 + BD 2
AD =
4
2
2
4AD = AC + BD2
AD2 + AD2 + AD2 + AD2 = AC2 + BD2
AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = AC2 + BD2
( AD = BC = CD = AB)
AD 2 = a 2
^l*yl?
AB2 = AD2 + BD2

AB2BD2=AD2 .................(1)
(2) Ol>
X]l AB2 BD2 =
Sol. ABCZ AD BC
ADO AOD = 90
AD2 = OA2 + OD2
AC BD
=
+
2 2
ABC {$fZ AD, BC OMS
JMS ]l$lZ 6$., 11$ Gl$ E]l yl$ $

st$. s Ayl$VS$V> l* 12$. Al s
M]l ]l$l l* Gl?
Sol.AB = 6$
CD = 11$
AB = CE = 6 M>st
5.
DE = 11 6=5
12
BC = AE = 12$
AEDM {$fZ
AD2 = AE2 + DE2
= 122 + 52
AD = 169
= 13 $.
yl$ M]l ]l$l l* = 13 $.

6. PAB JMS bll]l Q JMS ]l A, B ]ll Qyl$]l#yl$
PT JMS RQyl Al PT2 = PA.PB A
^l*yl?
l* = AB
ABC M {$fZ OVS l {M>,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
252 = AB2+202
AB2 = 252202
= 625 400
AB = 225
l: PAB bll]lQ, PT Q
>: PT2 = PA. PB
>: OP, OT, OA]l$ MSyl
E: PA.PB = OP2 OA2
= OP2 OT2 (OA = OT = >$)
= PT2
AB = 15$.
7. 12 .$ yl]l# E]l MS{]lMSP]l$ rt$]l#V>

st]l#yl$ yl lO 80.$. E. Al ]l$$Z
JMS yl lO 40 .$. B Gl$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol. *MS$ ]l$]l#O JMS ]l$$Z ^l M
]l*]l.
ABCZ AB=AC; D, BCO
HOl JMS l$]l# Al

AB2AD2 = BD.CD A ^l*yl?
Sol. ABCZ AB = AC
BCO D JMS l$]l#, AE BC
ABCZ OVS l {M>
9.
AB2 = BE2 + AE2 ...................(1)

ABCZ OVS l {M>
AD2 = DE2 + AE2 ...................(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_
AB2 AD2 = BE2 + AE2 DE2
AE2
= BE2 DE2
= (BE+DE) (BEDE)
BE = CE M>st
(CE + DE) (CE DE)
(CE + DE) BD
AB2 AD2 = CD.BD
MS{]lMSP = AB, yl = BC
AB = 12 $. Al BC = 80 $.
s ]l$_
JMS ]l*$P {$
1. 3 .$. MS ]lMS MS{l ]l$_ 5
.$. l*Z E]l l$]l# ]l$_ JMS Q]l$ X
ylll?
Sol. OT = 3 .$.
MS{l ]l$_ P MS$ E]l l* OP = 5 .$.
OTP M {$f. T = 90
A = D
B = E
M.M. *--MS-l {M> ABC ~ DEF
12 80
=
x 40
x=
40 12
80
OP2 = OT2 + PT2

52 = 32 + PT2
x=6
.$.
Gl$ = 6 .$.
PT = 25 9 = 4
Q yl]l# = 4 .$.
8. 25 $. yl]l# E]l ^la]l, *$ ]l$_ 20 $. Gl$Z E]l

]l]l# MSsMSMS MS. ^la]l Ayl$VS$VS, ]l]l ]l$_
Gl l*Z E.
Sol. ^la]l yl]l# AC = 25 $.
]l]l MSsMS Gl$ BC = 20 $.
^la]l Ayl$VS$ VS ]l$_ ]l]l Ayl$VS$ V>MS E]l
2. 5 .$., 6 .$. >$

MS yl$ ]l$ V> ^l$MS$s.. {lS
E]l$yl Q yl]l# MS]l$V]lyl?
Sol. R = 6 .$.
r = 5 .$.
V> ^l$M M>st,
AC = 250 $.
d = R+r = 6+5 = 11
{lS E]l$yl Q yl]l# =
d 2 (R r )
112 (6 5 )
121 1 = 120
8. AZ$ l As H$s?
JMS {$fZ yl$ $g $ ]l>Y ll , ]ly
$fZ VS ]lY, O X ]l$lVSl Q ]l>Y
lMS st#V> Er$.
= 2 30
.$.
3. OVS l * {^lyl?
JMS {$fZ yl$ $gMS$ JMS Z h^l$
Q ]ly $gMS ]l*lV> Er$.
9. JMS ]ll Z g AB, g CD$ E ]ll Qyl^l$M

r$. AE = 6, EB = 8, CE = 4 Al DE yl]l#
Gl?
Sol. AE EB = CE ED
6 8 = 4 ED
4. yl$ $$g$ G#yl$ *]l#?

yl$ $$g$ *$ M>s..
1. s A]l$* M$ ]l*]l M>
2. s A]l$* $g$ JMS A]l$lZ Ey.
5. 5 .$., 7 .$. E]l yl$ ]lMS$ ]lyl$
Q$ X$VSY]l s MS{ ]l$l l*l$l?
yl$ ]lMS$ 3 Q$ X*s.. A V>
^. As d = R + r
MS{ ]l$l l* d = 7 + 5 = 12 .$.
6. 3 .$., 1 .$ >$V> MS yl$ ]l
MS{ ]l$l l* 5 .$. Al s M E]l$yl
Q yl]l# MS]l$MPyl?
Sol. R = 3 .$.
r = 1 .$.
d = 5 .$.
M E]l$yl Q yl]l#
= d 2 (R + r )
= 52 (3 + 1) = 25 16
2
6 8
ED =
4
ED = 12.
10. ABCZ PQ || AB; P, Q$
E. CQ: QA =
Gl?
Sol. CABZ PQ||AB
1: 3, CP
CB CA
=
CP CQ
CB 4
=
4
1
CB = 16
11.]l$$ {$f $f 6 .$. Al Gl$,

Ol> MS]l$MPyl?
Sol. a = 6
]l$$ {$f Gl$

3
6 =3 3
2
3
a
2
.$.
3 .$.
]l$--$ {-$-f Ol>-

7. JMS ]l$ 150 $ l*$ V> {*_ l>l El
Ol#MS$ 200$ {*_.. $$l]l ]l ]l$_
Al]l$ Gl l*Z Esyl$?
Sol. AB = 150 $.
BC = 200 $.
M {$f ABCZ
]l$V> BC, CAO

= 4 Al BC yl]l#
3 2
3 3 3
66
a =
4
4
=9 3
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= 1502 + 2002
AC = 62500
^l..$.
3 2
a
4
OlMS RVSl
]lR>$:
1. OlMS RVSl *MS RVSl MS]l$V]l >
ll.. lylM>t.
2. R $MS ax + by + c = 0
3. ax + by + c = 0, Q $ m = a/b
4. x-AS $ = 0, y AS $ _^l.
5. x=k Q y&A>MS ]l*lV> k r l*Z
Er$. y=k Q x-A>MS ]l*lV> k r
l*Z Er$.
6. (x1, y1), (x2, y2) l$]l#]l$ MS Q $
m=
y 2 y1
x 2 x1
*M>$
VS$$lMS{l =
{$f>$ All
x1 + x 2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3
,
3
3
12.A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2)MS

a)
RQy m:n Z
AlV> h^l.. l$ *M>$
mx 2 + nx1 my2 + ny1
=
,
m+n
m+n
V> h^l l$ *M>$

mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
=
,
mn
mn
13.A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3)
{$f >$ A]l
{$f Ol> =1/2|x1 (y2y3)+x2(y3y1)+x3(y1y2)|

^l..
14. ax+by+c=0MS$ ]l*lV> Eyl Q ax+by+K=0
Q bxay+K=0
15.ax+by+c=0MS$ V> Eyl
(x 2 x 1 ) + (y 2 y 1 )
2
x1 + x 2 y1 + y2
,
2
2
11.A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C (x3, y3)$
b)
7. yl$ Q $$ ]l*]lOl$l.. B Q$ ]l*l

Q$ A]l#. yl$ Q $ &1 Al B
Q$ JMSMMSs Q$ A]l#.
8. A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) Al A, B ]l$l l*
AB =
10. A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) l$]l#]l$ MS Q ]l$ll$]l#
9. B l$]l# ]l$_ (x, y) l$]l#MS$ ]l$l l* =

x 2 + y2
16. R $MS $MS$ & ]l &

Q ]l~]l
R $MS
1. ]ll$]l# VS$y l*.. m $V>

VS $MS
2. $ m, y AlQyl CV> E]l
R $MS
3. $ m, l$]l# (x1, y1) VS$y $
R $MS.
4.
Qyl a, y-Al Qyl bV> VS

R $MS
5.
(x1, y1), (x2, y2) l$]l#
x-Al
VS$y ]l#
* $
y = mx
$ MS El*
y = mx+c
$&AlQyl *
yy1 = m(xx1)
$&l$ *
x y
+ =1
a b
AlQy *
(yy1) (x2x1) = (xx1) (y2 y1)
yl$ l$]l# *
R $MS.
y y1 =
y 2 y1
(x x1 )
x 2 x1
17. A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) l$]l#$ T$

l$]l#$ M>s.. A, B, C Hyl {$f Ol>
$]l A.
4 ]l*$P {$
1. A (3, 5), B (5, 7)]l$ MS QMS$ V> Er*..
(2,&3) l$]l# VS$y $ R $MS
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.A (3, 5), B (5, 7) l$]l#]l$ MS Q$
m=
y 2 y1
x 2 x1
ll QMS$ V> Eyl Q $ m2 A]l$MS$s..

m1.m2 = 1
6m2 = 1
m2 = 1/6
2.
2. a = 2 Al b = (12)
=+1
m2=1/6
$V> E]l
x y
+ =1
a b
a+b = 1
b=1a
b= (1 + a)
AlQyl *Z R $MS
x y
+ =1
2 1
3. (3, 2), (6, 1)]l$
l$]l# VS$y l* *MS A>O ^l

AlQy ll &1MS$ ]l*]l A]l#l*.. ]l]ll
]l$$ R $MS MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.*MS A> ^l Al Qy$ = a, b A]l$MS$s..
(4, 3)
MS RQy y-AS H Z
h$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.(3, 2), (6, 1) l$]l#]l$ MS RQy y-AS P
l$]l# ]ll m:n Z Qyl$ A]l$MS$s..
(x1, y1), (x2, y2)]l$ MS RQy m:n Z
h^l l$]l# =
(0, y )
$]l M>st P = (0, y)

m (6 ) + n (3 ) m (1 )+ n (2 )
=
,
m+n
m +n
{l]l$ *M>]l$ aV>

0=
x
y
+
=1
a (1 + a )
6m 3n = 0
6m = 3n
O Q (4, 3) VS$y l$ M>st

,
m+n
m+n
y ASO x - *MS
x y
+ =1
a b
x
y
=1
a (1 + a )
M>]l]l R $MS
x 2y = 2
or
x 2y + 2 = 0
R $MS x + 6y + 16 = 0
4
3
+
=1
3 1+ a
M>]l]l Q
x y
=1
2 3
or
3x 2y = 6
a = 2, b = 1 Al,
yy1 = m2 (x x1)
y (3) = 1/6 (x2)
y + 3 = 1/6 (x2)
6y + 18 = x + 2
x + 6y + 18 2 = 0
x + 6y + 16 = 0
M>]l]l
1. a = 2 Al b = (1+a)
=3
x y
+
=1
2 3
l$]l# VS$y l*
R $MS
a + 4 = a(1+a)
a + 4 = a + a2
a2 + a a 4 = 0
a2 = 4
a = 4 = 2
a = 2, b = 3 Al,
7 + 5 12
=6
=
53
2
(2, 3)
4 + 4a 3a
=1
a (1 + a )
6m 3n
m+n
m 3
=
n 62
m 1
=
n 2
y-AS
h^l = 1:2
4.
A>O a+b = 2, ab= 3 ]l$ l^l a, b]l$

Al Qy$V> MSW]l QMS$ $MS MS]l$MPyl?
x, y
Sol. a + b = 2
ab = 3
(ab)2 = (a+b)2 4ab
= 22 4 (3)
= 4 + 12
= 16
5 1
,
2 2
y y1 = m (x x1)
y + 1/2 = 5/6 (x 5/2)
2y + 1 5
5
= x
2
6
2
case(i) a b = 4 Al
a+b=2
2y + 1 5 2x 5
=
6 2
2
=6
=3
a = 3]l$ a + b = 2Z
12y + 6 = 10x 25
10x 12y 25 6 = 0
10x 12y 31 = 0
{S^lV>..
3+b=2
b=23
b=1
a = 3, b = 1 Al
x y
+ =1
a b
M>]l]l R $MS 10x 12y 31 = 0

---R $-MS--
6. (p, 3), (1, 3), (5, 5)$
T$ l$]l#Ol.. p]l$
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.A (p, 3), B(1, 3), C (5, 5)$
]lyl$ T$
l$]l#Ol... s Hyl {$f Ol> '0' A]l#l$.
ABC O l > = 0
x y
+
=1
3 1
x y
=1
3 1
x 3y = 3
1/2 |x1 (y2y3) + x2(y3y1) + x3(y1y2)| = 0

1/2 |p (3+5) + 1 (5+3) + 5 (3 3)| = 0
1/2 |8p 2 30| = 0
1/2 |8p 32| = 0
8p 32 = 0
8p = 32
case (ii) a b = 4 Al
a+b =2
__________
2a = 2
a =1
32
p=
8
Al,
p=4
a+b=2
1+b=2
b=2+1=3
a = 1, b = 3 A
l$]l# VS$y l*.. $ m=5/6V> VS
R $MS
a b = 16 = 4
2a
a
5 1
,
2 2
l$]l# VS$y l* 2x5y+4=0MS$ V>

Eyl R $MS >$yl?
Sol.C_a]l Q 2x 5y + 4 = 0
$ m = & x VS$MS/ y VS$MS = 2/5
2x5y+4=0MS$ V> Eyl Q $ m' = 1/m =
7. (4, 3)
R $MS
x y
+ =1
1 3
3x y = 3
1/2/5 = 5/2
5. (1, 2) (4, 3) ]l$
MS R Qy ]l$Qyl]l ^l*
$ 5/6V> E]l R $MS MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.C_a]l l$]l#$ = A (1, 2), B(4, 3)
A, B]l$ MS RQy ]l$Qyl]l ^l l$]l#
x1 + x 2 y1 + y2
,
2
2
1+ 4 2 3
,
2
2
l$]l# VS$y l* $
R $MS$
(4, 3)
m' =5/2V>
yy1 = m' (xx1)

y+3 = 5/2 (x 4)
2y + 6 = 5x + 20
5x + 2y + 6 20 = 0
5x + 2y 14 = 0
M>]l]l
R $MS 5x+2y14 = 0
VS
2 ]l*$P {$
1. (2, 3), (4, &2) l$]l#MS$ ]l*]l l*Z x - ASO
E]l l$]l# MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.C_a]l l$]l#$ = A (2, 3), B (4, 2)
X - ASO E]l l$]l# = P (K, 0) A]l$MS$s..
P l$]l# A, BMS$ ]l*]l l*Z E. M>st
PA = PB
2
P (4, 6)
Z h$?
Sol.A, B l$]l#]l$ MS RQy m:n Z h
$.
P(x, y) =
,
m+n
m+n
MS RQy m:n Z P
(4, 6) l$]l# -h-..
m (6 ) + n (2 ) m (1 )+ n (3 )
P(4,6) =
,
32
4)2
22
(k
+ = (k
+
2
2
k 4k + 4 + 9 = k 8k + 16 + 4
k2 4k + 13 k2 + 8k 20 = 0
4k 7 = 0
4k = 7
k = 7/4
x - ASO
MS RQy
A (2, 3), B(6, 7)]l$
(k 2 ) + (0 3 ) = (k 4 ) + (0 + 2 )
C$Ol# ]lY ^l$V>..
2)2
4. A (2, 3), B(6, 7)]l$
4 =
m +n
6m 2n
m+n
4m+4n = 6m 2n
4n + 2n = 6m 4m
2m = 6n
3
l$]l# = (7/4, 0)
m 6
=
n
2
2. 2x 4y 7 = 0 Q *M>> Hyl {$fOl>

Gl?
Sol.C_a]l Q
$MS = 2x 4y 7 = 0
ax + by + c = 0 Q x AlQyl = c/a
y AlQyl = c/b
2x 4y 7 = 0 Q x AlQyl = 7/2
y AlQyl = & 7/4
*MS A>$, Q JMS M {$g H$
.
M {$f Ol>
= 1/2 |x-Al Qyl y-Al Qyl|
= 1/2 |7/2 (7/4)|
= 1/2 | 49/8|
m: n = 3 : 1
AB RQy P l$]l# 3:1 Z
h$.
5. *MS A>O 2x+3y+13=0 $MS ^l Al

Qy]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.AlQyl
$MS
x y
+ =1
a b
C_a]l Q 2x+3y+13 = 0
2x+3y = 13
2x
3y 13
+
=
13 13 13
x/13/2 + y/13/3 = +1
x - AlQyl a = 13/2
= 49/16 ^l..
y AlQyl b = 13/3
3. (3, 4) VS$y l* 4x + 7y = 8]l$ *_^l QMS$ ]l*l

V> Eyl R $MS MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.4x + 7y = 8MS$
]l*lV> Eyl Q 4x + 7y = k
A]l#l$.
O Q (3, 4) VS$y l$l$. M>st (3, 4)]l$ 4x + 7y =
kZ {S^lV>,
4(3) + 7(4) = k
k = 40
4x + 7y = 8
k = 40
4x + 7y = 8MS$
m+n
6. (t, 2t), (2, 6), (3, 1)
Hyl {$f Ol> 5 ^ll#

r$ Al t $]l]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) Hyl {$f
O l > = 1/2|x1 (y2y3)+x2(y3y1)+x3(y1y2)| ^l..
A (t, 2t), B(2, 6), C (3, 1) Hyl {$f O l > =
5 ^l..
1/2|t(61) 2(12t) + 3 (2t6)|=5
]l*lV> Eyl Q 4x + 7y = 40.
1/2|5t 2 + 4t + 6t 18| = 5
1/2|15t 20)|=5
15t 20 = 5
15t = 10 + 20
t = 30/15
t=2
JMS ]ll JMS _]l l$ *M>$ (5, 4) ]llM S

{l (0, 0) Al y _]l l$ *M>$
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.]ll MS{l = (0, 0)
JMS _]l l$]l# = (5, 4)
y _]l l$]l# = (x, y) A]l$MS$s..
MS{l = ]l$ll$]l#
7.
5+ x 4+ y
,
(0,0 ) =
2
2
5+x
=0
2
or
5+x = 0
x=5
or
or
8.
x1 + x 2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3
,
3
3
(4, 4), (2, 2), (6,12)
>$V> E]l {$f VS$$l
4 2 + 6 4 + 2 + 12
,
2
2
l$]l# VS$y l*.. $ 7/3 MSW]l R

$MS MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.$ m = 7/3
l$]l# = (3, &5)
R $MS
3. (3, 5)
y _]l l$]l# = (&5, &4)
y y1 = m(x x1)
y + 5 = 7/3 (x 3)
3y + 15 = 7x 21
7x 3y 21 15 = 0
y&
AlQyl c = 1
m = 1/3, C = 1 A R $MS
y = mx + C
y=
VS$$l MS{l
>$V> E]l {$f
(0, 9)
4+y = 0
y=4
m = tan 150
= tan (90+60)
= cot 60
= 1/3
Sol.A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3)
0 18
,
2 2
4+y
=0
2
VS Q $MS MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.x- ASZ l]lZ ^l M = 150
$ m = tan
>$V> E]l {$f VS$$l
MS{l MS]l$MPyl?
MS{l =
x- AS l]lZ 150 M ^l
*.. y-AlQyl &1V>
y=
2. (4, 4), (2, 2), (6, 12)$
M>]l]l R $MS 7x 3y 36 = 0
4. (4, 7), (1, 5) l$]l#
VS$y $ R $MS
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol. (x1, y1), (x2, y2)
x 1
l$]l# VS$y $ Q
$MS
x 3
(y y1) (x2 x1) = (x x1) (y2 y1)
(4, 7), (1, 5)
3y = x 3
$MS
(y + 7) (1 4) = (x 4) (5 + 7)
x + 3y + 3 = 0
JMS ]l*$P {$
1. JMS _]l l$]l#$ (9, 3), (1, &1) Al ]ll
MS{l MS]l$MPyl?
Sol. _]l l$]l#$ = A (9, 3), B (1, 1)
]l$l l$]l# ]ll MS{l A]l#l$.
]llMS{l
9 +1 3 1
=
,
2
2
5 1
10 2
=
,
2 2
(5, 1)
l$]l# VS$y $ R
(y + 7) (3) = (x 4) 12
3y 21 = 12x 48
12x + 3y 48 + 21 = 0
12x + 3y 27 = 0
or
4x + y 9 = 0
5. 2x3y=12 Q
$, y-AlQy]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.C_a]l Q 2x 3y = 12
2x 12 = 3y
y=
2x 12
3
4
2
12
= x
3
3
8. (3, 0), (0, 4), (0, 0) >$V>
2
y= x4
3
E]l {$f Ol> Gl?
Sol. OAB Ol>=
$ m = 2/3
1/2 OA OB
B (0, 4)
= 1/234
y-AlQyl c = 4
6. 2x+3y+5=0
QMS$ V> E]l Q$]l$
= 6 ^l..
3
0
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.C_a]l Q 2x+3y+5 = 0
3y = 2x 5
y = 2/3x 5/3
llQMS$ Q $ = 1/m = 1/2/3 = 3/2

VS$y l* A>O ]l*]l AlQy$ ^l
R $MS MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.A>O ]l*]l AlQy$ ^l R $MS
x+y=a
2 + 3 = a
a=1
M>]l]l
MS RQy 2:3 Z
V> h^l l$]l#]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol.A (x1, y1) B (x2, y2) ]l$ m:n Z V>
h^l l$]l# *M>$
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
=
,
mn
mn
]l$
l$]l# *M>$
A (2, 6) B (5, 1)
C (&2, 3) VS$y l$.. M>st
R $MS x+y = 1
(3, 0)
9. A (2, 6), B(5, 1)]l$
$ m = 2/3 = (m)
7. (2, 3)
X
A
2:3
Z V> h^l
2 5 3 2 2 1 3 6
=
,
23
23
10 6 3 18
=
,
1
1
( 4, 15)
{M--$-
]lR>-$:
{$-fZ- ]lyl$ -M---MS$, s $g--MS$ VS -
{M--$- As-$. {$-f $g--MS$, s M--MS$ ]l$l
VS - --MS-- 140 B.CZ BP^yl$.
M: yl$ MS--- l$- M -As-$. M-
]lyl$ l-l$- > M$--$.
l-
{-]l*-
1. t-]l*]l(BVS l--)
&
yl{X
2. -]l*]l({-_ l--)
&
{VSyl$
3. ]l$--]l*-]l yl-$-l ]l*]l
&
-yl-$-l
VS]l$--MS:
1. 90 yl{X-$ = 100 {VSyl$ = /2 yl-$-]l$
2. 1 yl- $-l = 5716'22" (57 yl{X- 16 $-- 22 MS- l] $){M--$- -l$-$:
13. tan =
sin
cos
cos
sin
15. sin(AB) = sinA cosB cosA sinB
14. cot =
16. cos(AB) = cosA cosB sinA sinB

tan A tan B
17. tan (A B) =
1 tan A tan B
{M--$- -- $-]l-$:
1.
sin 0 = cos 90 = 0
2.
sin 30 = cos 60 =
3.
sin 45 = cos 45 =
4.
sin 60 = cos 30 =
5.
sin 90 = cos 0 = 1
1
2
1
2
3
VS]l$--MS:
1.
tan =
sin
cos
2.
sec =
1
cos
3.
cs c =
1
sin
]l$ E-*-W_ '' $-]l--]l$
MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
$f/MS~ = AB/AC
2. cos = B-]l-$-f/MS~ = BC/AC
3. tan = Gl$-s $f/B-]l$f = AB/BC
4. csc = cosec = MS-~/Gl$-s $f = AC/AB
5. sec = MS~/B-]l-$-f = AC/BC
6. cot = B-]l-$-f/Gl$-s $f = BC/AB
*{-$:
1.
sin = Gl$-s
4 ]l*$P- {-$
1.
tan + sec 1 1 + sin

=
tan sec + 1
cos
Sol:
We know that
sec2 tan2 = 1
7.
1
sin csc = 1
sin =
csc
8.
cos =
1
cos sec = 1
sec
9.
tan =
1
tan cot = 1
cot
10. sin2 + cos2 = 1

11. csc2 cot2 = 1
12. sec2 tan2 = 1
A ^l*^lyl?
L.H.S =
2
2
tan + sec 1 (tan + sec ) sec tan
=
tan sec + 1
tan sec + 1
(tan + sec ) (sec + tan )(sec tan )

tan sec + 1
(tan + sec )1 (sec tan )

tan sec + 1
(tan + sec )(1 sec + tan )
tan sec + 1
= tan + sec
sin
1
sin
1
+
and sec =
tan =
cos cos
cos
cos
sin + 1
cos
3.
A -^l*-^lyl?
Sol:
(1)
= R.H.S
L.H.S = R.H.S
2.
3(sinxcosx)4 +6(sinx+cosx)2 +4(sin6x+cos6x) = 13
+ cot
=P
cosec
3 (sin x cos x ) = 3 (sin x cos x
= 3 sin 2 x + cos 2 x 2sin x cos x
A-l (P2+1) cos = (P21) A
)
2
= 3[1 2sin x cos x ]
^l*^lyl?
Sol:
= 3 1 + 4sin 2 x cos 2 x 4sin x cos x
We know that
cosec2 cot2 = 1
(cosec + cot) (cosec cot) = 1
given that cosec + cot = p ____ (1)
p(cosec cot) = 1
cosec cot = 1/p ____ (2)
= 3 + 12 sin2x cos2x 12 sinx cosx

(2) 6(sinx + cosx)2 = 6(sin2x + cos2x + 2sinx cosx)
= 6(1 + 2sinx cosx)
= 6 + 12 sinx cosx
(1), (2)-]l$ --..

(3)
cos ec + cot = p
1
p
________________
cos ec cot =
) + (cos x )
3
= 4 sin 2 x + cos 2 x
) 3sin
3
x cos 2 x sin 2x +cos 2x
= 4 1 3sin 2 x cos 2 x
p +1
p
2
cos ec =
a 3 + b 3 = (a + b ) 3ab (a + b )
1
2cos ec = p +
p
2cos ec =
4 sin 6 x + cos 6 x = 4 sin 2 x
= 4 12 sin2x cos2x
(1) + (2) + (3) ^l$-V>
p2 + 1
2p
L.H.S =
3(sinx cosx) +6(sinx + cosx)2 +4(sin6x + cos6x)
= 3 + 12sin 2 x cos2 x 12sin x cos x + 6 + 12sin x cos x + 4 12sin 2 x cos2 x
=3+6+4
= 13 = R.H.S
L.H.S = R.H.S
4.
cosec = MS~/B-]l$-f =
ABC -M-
sin =
15
17
A-l
15cot + 17sin
8 tan + 16sec
$-]l MS-]l$-MPyl?
BC p 2 + 1
=
AB
2p
Sol:
{--$-fZ O-VS-- l -{-M>-..
l sin = 15/17
AC2 = BC2 AB2

= (p2 + 1)2 (2p)2
= p2 + 1 + 2p2 4p2
= p2 + 1 2p2
AC2 = (p2 1)2
AC = p2 1
r ]l$_ cos = B-]l-$-f/MS~ =

cos =
p2 1
p 2 + 1 cos = p 2 1
p2 + 1
p2 1
p2 + 1
ABC -M-
{-$-f {M>-..
sin =
AC 15
=
BC 17
6.
O-VS-- l {M>-..
L.H.S = tan2 tan2

=
sin 2 sin 2
sin
tan =
cos 2 cos2
cos
cos 2 sin 2 cos2 sin 2

cos 2 cos 2
ABC ]l$_
=
15
sin =
17
BC 17
=
AB 8
AC 15
=
tan =
AB 8
15cot + 17sin
=
8 tan + 16sec
8 + 15
15 + 34
23
49
( sin
= 1 cos 2
cos 2 cos2
cos 2 cos 2
1 cos
= cos ec cot
1 + cos
1.
A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
L.H.S =
1 cos
1 cos (1 cos )
=
1 + cos
1 + cos 1 cos
(1 cos )
]l$_ '']l$
12 cos 2
(1 cos )
Sol:
a = xcos + ysin
C$-Ol-#- ]lY ^l..

a2 = (xcos + ysin)2
= x2cos2 + y2sin2 + 2xysincos _____ (1)
C$-Ol-#- ]lY ^l...
2.
tan (A B ) =
1
3
, sin A =
1
2
A-l
]l$--]l*-]lZ MS]l$MPyl?
a2 + b2 =
Sol:
x 2 cos2 + y2 sin2 + 2xysin cos + x 2 sin 2 + y2 cos2 2xysin cos
x2(cos2
y2(sin2
= x2 + y2 sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
sin2)
= sin 2
1 cos
sin
(1) + (2) ^l..
b2
1
cos
sin sin
= cosec cot
= R.H.S
L.H.S = R.H.S
b = xsin ycos
b2 = (xsin + ycos)2
= x2sin2 + y2cos2 2xysincos _____ (2)
( 1 cos
sin 2
Cl lV>..
2 ]l*$P- {-$
8
15
+ 17
15
17
2
15
17
8 + 16
8
8
-W^lyl?
a2
cos 2 cos2 cos2 cos2 + cos2 cos2

cos 2 cos 2
15
+ ysin
, b = xsin
ycos
a = xcos
cos 2 cos 2
5.
cos 2 1 cos 2 cos 2 1 cos 2
= R. H. S
L. H. S = R.H.S
AB 8
=
cot =
AC 15
A ^l*-^lyl?
Sol:
AB2 = BC2 AC2

= 172 152
= 289 225
AB2 = 64
AB = 64 = 8
sec =
cos 2 cos2
cos 2 cos2
tan 2 tan 2 =
x2 +
y2
cos2)
tan (A B ) =
1
3
tan (A B ) = tan 30 tan 30 =
A B = 30 _____ (1)
-]l*--
= 32 32 + 243
= 243
CllV>..
sin A =
1
2
, y = btan
$-MS---Z '
' ]l$ -W^lyl?
5. x = asec
Sol:
x = asec ; y = btan
x/a = sec ; y/b = tan
sin A = sin 45 sin 45 =
A = 45 ____ (2)
sec2 tan2 = 1 M>-st
(2)]l$ (1)Z {-S--..
B $-]l
3.
x y
=1
a b
45 B = 30
45 30 = B
B = 15
]l$--]l*-]lZ
x2 y2
=1
a2 b2
c c
=
B = 15
12
180
cosA = 4/5, 0 < A < 90
b2 x 2 a 2 y 2
=1
a 2b2
b2x2 a2y2 = a2b2
A-l secA tanA $-]l
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
6.
sin2A + cos2A = 1 A ^l*^lyl?
l cosA = 4/5
ABC -M-
cos A =
{-$-fZ
AC 4
=
AB 5
r ]l$_..
-M- {-$-fZ O-VS-- l {M>-..

BC2 = AB2 AC2
= 52 42
BC = 9 = 3
AB 5
sec A =
=
AC 4
tan A =
BC
AB
cos A =
AC
AB
2
BC AC
sin 2 A + cos 2 A =
+
AB AB
BC 3
=
4
AC
3
sec A tan A = 5 = 2 = 1
4 4
4
2
4.
sin A =
32cot 2 8sec 2 + 8cot 3

4
3
6
BC 2 + AC 2
AB 2
-O--VS-- l {M>-..
BC2 + AC2 = AB2 M>-st
$-ll?
sin 2 A + cos 2 A =
AB 2
AB 2
=1
Sol:
180
= cot 2 45 =1 2 =1
cot 2 = cot 2
4
4
7.
180
2
= sec 2 60 = (2 ) = 4
sec 2 = sec 2
3
3
180
= cot 3 30 =
cot 3 = cot 3
6
6
( 3 ) =3
sec =
2 mn
Sol:
sec =
32cot 8sec + 8cot = 32 (1 ) 8 4 + 8 3 3

4
3
6
2
m+n
m+n
2 mn
Al sin]l$ MS]l$-MPyl?
1 cos 2
cos
3. sin 420 $-]l-]l$ MS]l$-MPyl?

Sol:
sin 420 = sin (360 + 60)
= sin 60
ABC -M-
= 3
{$-f ]l$_..
BC m + n
=
AB 2 mn
sec =
4. sin 45 cos 30 + cos 45 sin 30 $-ll-?

Sol:
1
1
cos 45 =
sin 45 =
2
2
O-VS-- l {M>-..
AC2 = BC2 AB2
= (m+n)2 (2mn)2
= m2 + n2 + 2mn 4mn
= m2 + n2 2mn
= (m n)2
AC = m n
r
]l$_
sin =
AC
BC
cos30 = 3
sin 30 = 1
2
2
sin 45 cos 30 + cos 45 sin 30
1
3
1 1
+
.
2 2
2 2
mn
=
m+n
8.
6.
JMS ]l*$P {---$
5 c
= 100 g 5
2
= 500g
$-]l-]l$ cos
Z l-yl?
2. tan
Sol:
sin
tan =
cos
180
c
180
3
2
sin =
5
13
A-l cos $-]l MS]l$-MPyl?
Sol:
$-]l-]l$ -]l*-]lZ ({VS-yl$-Z-) lyl?
= 100
= sec2 tan2
= 1 = R.H.S
= (sec tan )(sec + tan )
Sol:
270 = 270
sin
= sec
(sec + tan )
cos
2 2
1 =
L.H.S = sec(1 sin) (sec + tan)

= (sec sec.sin) (sec + tan)
3 +1
90 =
(1 sin
) (sec
+ tan
) = 1 A ^l*^lyl?
sec
5 c
5. 270]l$ ]l$--]l*-]l (-yl-$-l-)-Z-MS ]l*ayl?

Sol:
Sol:
1.
sin2 + cos2 = 1 A
cos2 = 1 sin2
cos = 1 sin 2
5
= 1
13
25
= 1
169
169 25
169
l$-$ M>--st
CDE = 45
144
169
BAE = 60
12
=
13
7.
BC + CE = BE M>-st
+ tan
, y = sec
tan
Z '
']l$
x = sec
5 + CE = h
CE = h5
Z--
ABE -M-
^l$yl?
Sol:
tan 60 =
x = sec + tan
y = sec tan
xy = (sec + tan) (sec tan)
= sec2 tan2
xy = 1
A ^l*-^lyl?
+ cos
)2 = 1 + sin2
8. (sin
Sol:
(sin + cos)2 = sin2 + cos2 + 2sincos
= 1 + 2sin cos sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
3=
h
AB
AB =
_____ (1)
tan 45 =
{$-fZ..
CE
CD
h 5
CD
CD = h5 _____ (2)
1=
= 1 + sin 2 ( 2sin cos = sin 2 )
9. sec2 + cosec2 = sec2.cosec2 -A- ^l*^lyl?

Sol:
1
1
+
sec 2 + cos ec 2 =
2
cos sin 2
AB = CD -M>--st
h
3
(1), (2) ]l$_
= h 5
h = 3h 5 3
sin 2 + cos 2
=
sin 2 .cos 2
3h h = 5 3
( 3 1)= 5
1
sin .cos 2
1
1
.
2
sin cos 2
h=
= cosec2.sec2
5 3
3 1
$.
^la-V-#-
5 ]l*$P- {-$
1. J-MS ]l-]l l- ]l$rt ]l$_, ll-s Al-$ ]l$_ JMS ^la
V#-O -V>- yl--yl-V> ^l*-]l-#-yl$ 60, 45 F-
-M--$-V> VS-]l$-^$. ]l-]l ll-s Al-$ 5 $r-
Gl$-Z E]l-r--l, ^la V#- Gl$-]l$ MS]l$-MPyl.
^l- a V#- Gl$ BE = h$. A]l$--Ms..
]l-]l Gl$ AD = BC = 5$.
l {M>-..
BE
AB
CDE -M--
Sol:
{-$-fZ..
Gl$
h=
5 3
3 1
$.
2. -]l*-]l-Ol$-]l Gl$ MS-W-]l yl$ -$ J-MS---M-MS-s 100

$r- l*Z ---st E-. D yl$ --MS$
]l$l J-MS l$-]l# ]l$_ D - M]l-$ ]l$--V> 30,
60 F- M-$ ^l$-]l-r--l.. - G-l$-]l$, ]l$l ---]l ^l- l$--]l# --]l$ MS]l$-MPyl?
Sol:
lyl$ - Gl$-$ AB = CD = h$. A]l$-Ms..

yl$ - ]l$l l* AC = 100$.
E ]l$_ AMS$ VS l* AE = x$. A]l$-Ms..
CE = AC AE
= 100 x
l {M>-..
3.
JMS VS Vrt l VS$y $ S-f Q-O JMS l$]l#

]l$_ l Ol# 50$. l* ]lyl-_ l-]l-#-yl$ -V-rt O
-VS ^l F-M- 30 ]l$_ 60--MS$ ]l*$-l$-]lr-l VS Vrt Gl$-]l$ MS]l$-MPyl?
Sol:
VS Vrt Gl$ AB = h$. A]l$-Ms.. ---MS$-yl$ S-f

Q-O P ]l$_ VS VrtO - -V>- 30 F-M-Z
^l*, l O l # 50 $r- $ ]lyl_- C ]ll ]l$_ 60
MZ VS V-rt O V>--]l$ ^l*>-yl$.
AEB = 30, CED = 60
ABE -M-
tan 30 =
1
3
{$-fZ..
AB
AE
h
x
x=h 3
x ______ (1)
3
h=
CDE M
-{-$-fZ..
CD
tan 60 =
EC
3=
h
100 x
PC = 50$.
AC = x A]l$-Ms..
PA = PC + CA
= 50 + x
tan 30 =
(1), (2) ]l$_

3
BCA = 60
APB --M-
h = 3 (100 x) ______ (2)

x
BPA = 30
= 3 (100 x )
AB
PA
ABC
75
3
3
h = 253
h
x + 50
x + 50
3
AB
AC
h
x
h = x3 ______ (2)
3=
(1), (2) ]l$_
l$-]l# AB MS$ 75$. l*Z E.

x = 75]l$ (1)Z {-S--..
3
h=
tan 60 =
75
75 3
3
]l*-]l yl-]l# MS-W-]l Gl$-$

253$.
x + 50
3
h 3 = x + 50
x = 3(100 x)
x = 300 3x
x + 3x = 300
4x = 300
300
x=
4
x = 75
h=
{$-fZ..
=x 3
x + 50 = 3x
3x x = 50
2x = 50
x = 50/2
x = 25$.
x = 25$.-]l$
(2)Z {-S--..
h = x3
AB=CD =
h = 253$.
VS
Vrt Gl$ h = 253$.
_______(1)
4.
A, B Al yl$ l--*-$ ]l-MS C$-Ol-#- VS VSrO JMS---M-MS-s Gl$-$-V> E--. 40 $r- -G-l$ VS l--$ A O -
VS ]l$_, l--$ B O VS, l (Ayl$-VS$ VS) ]l$--V> 1230', 2148' -]l$-M-$ ^l$-]l-r--l ]l lyl-$-]l$,
l--$ B Gl$-]l$ $]l*-$-V> MS]l$-MPyl?
-$--$-/yl{X-$
0'
6'
12'
18'
24'
30'
36'
42'
]l$l-]l$ -$
48'
3 6
12
0.2126
0.2144
0.2162
0.2180
0.2199
0.2217
0.2235
0.2254
0.2272
21
0.3839
0.3859
0.3879
0.3899
0.3919
0.3939
0.3395
0.3979
0.4000
Sol:
tan 21 48' =
A l--$
G-l$ AC = 40$.
B l---$ G-l$ BD = h$. A]l$-Ms..
]l ly- l - $ = AB = DE
9 12 15
7 10 13 17
AC
AB
sM-t S > tan 2148' = 0.4000

0.4000 =
CE = AC BD
= 40 h
DE // CX
AB =
--MSP {M>-..
AB =
40
AB
40
0.4
400
= 100
4
$.
]l lyl- $ = 100$.
CDE --M- {$-fZ..
tan12 30' =
CE
DE
sM-t S > tan 1230' = 0.2217
M--$-)
5.
0.2217 =
40 h
100
l--$
ABC = XCB = 2148'

ABC -M-
40 h
DE
( DE = AB = ]l lyl
- $
100 0.2217 = 40 h
22.17 = 40 h
h = 40 22.17
= 17.83
XCD = 1230'
XCB = 2148'
CDE = XCD = 1230' (H--M>-l-
0.2217 =
= 100$.)
-G-l$ = 17.83$.
{$-fZ
2500 $r- Gl$-Z G-VS$-$-l$-]l JMS ]l*-]l ]l$_ JMS ]l C-$-Ol-#- Gl$--l$-$-V> E]l yl$ --]l$ ^l*--]l--yl$ 4120',
5210' ]l$-M---]l$ ^l-]l-r--l, ]l lyl-$-]l$ $r--Z MS]l$-MPyl?
$--$/yl{X-$
0'
6'
12'
18'
24'
]l$l-]l$- -$
2 3 4 5
41
0.8693
0.8724
0.8754
0.8784
0.8816
10
16
21
26
52
1.2799
2846
2892
2938
2985
16
24
31
39
Sol:
st-MS ]l$_ tan 5210' = tan(526' + 4')

]l*-]l 2500$. Gl$-Z GVS$-$-l$.
AB = 2500$.
]l lyl- $ = CD
l {M>-..
= 1.2846 + 0.0031
= 1.2877
2500
1.2877 =
BC
BC =
2500
1.2877
= 1941.4$. _____ (1)

ABD -M-
tan 41 20' =
{$-fZ..
AB
BD
sM-t S > tan 4120' = tan(4118' + 2')

= 0.8785 + 0.0010 = 0.8795
0.8795 =
XAC = 5210
YAD = 4120'
CD // XY, AC, AD$
BD =
-MS Q-$ M>-st
ACB = XAC = 5210'

ADB = YAD = 4120'
--M- {$-f ACBZ

tan 52 10' =
AB
BC
2500
BD
2500
0.8795
= 2842.5$. _____ (2)
]l- lyl- $ CD = CB + BD
= 1941.4 + 2842.5
= 4783.9$.
QMS>
*{$
1. A]lYMSl l VSr$ =
lVS Al
6. $MS = 3 ]l$lVSl 2 VSr$
C=
x
n
4 ]l*$P {$
CMSPyl x = >$
n = A> Q
1. MSl C_a]l ]l@#]l fMS S l > VSr$

MS]l$MPyl?
2. ]lYMSl l>MS lZ VSr$ =
fx
N
lVSl$$
]l@#]l
lVS ]l$l $]l$

f = ]l@#$
N = ]l@# ll
0-9
10-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
15
20
45
12
x=
Sol:
lVSl$$ ]l@#$ ]l$l $]l$ ^l$
3. ^l]l l (S l)Z VSr$ =
A+
1
(fU
i i ) C
N
fi Ui
fi
xi
0-9
4.5
16
15
Ui = xiA/C
10-19
15
14.5
CMSPyl A = MSl VSr$

N = ]l@# ll
20-29
20
24.5 A
30-39
45
34.5
45
x A
Ui = i
= ^l$
C
40-49
12
44.5
24
fiUi =
31 + 69
= 38
N = 100
]l@#$
C = lVS Al
fi =
4. ]lYMSl l ]l$lVSl =
A = 24.5
N = 100
N F
C
L+ 2
f
VSr$ =
VS$]l l$
N = ]l@# ll
F = N/2 lVS ]ll$ lVS _l ]l@#]l
f = ]l$lVSl lVS ]l@#]l
C = lVS Al
A+
L = N/2 lVS
5. ]lYMSl l $MS =
L+
f f1
C
2f (f1 + f2 )
()
=L+
= 24.5 +
C = 10
fiUi = 38
1
(fU
i i )C
N
38
10
10 0
= 24.5 + 3.8 = 28.3
2. MS l>MS ]l$lVSl MS]l$MPyl?

lVS Al
]l@#]l
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79

15
16
38
15
N/2
lVS
Sol:
1C
1 + 2
lVS Al ]l@#]l _l ]l@#]l

20-29
15
15
CMSPyl 1 = f f1
30-39
16
31 F
2 = f f2
40-49
38 f
69
50-59
15
84
60-69
93
70-79
100
VSt ]l@#]l
f1 = VSt ]l@#]l O]l E]l ]l@#]l
f2 = VSt ]l@#]l MSl E]l ]l@#]l
L = VSt ]l@#]l lVS VS$]l l$
f=
N = 100
N = 100
2 ]l*$P {$
1. 20 > VSr$ 12.5. r$]l JMS A 15MS
l$$ 15 A ]ll*l$ ^l]lrl O]l VSr$ Gl?
N = 100 = 50
2
2
F = 31
f = 38
L=
Sol:
20 > VSr$ = 12.5

20 > ll = 12.5 20 = 250
39 + 40
= 39.5
2
C = 10
]l$lVSl =
O]l A lV> >]l

$]l
A $]l
N F
C
L+ 2
f
15
15
= 39.5 +
50 31
10
38
= 39.5 +
5
19
10
38
20
19
O]l VSr$ =
l
llZ 15 (15)
= 15 + 5
= 30 V>.
A> ll = 250 + 30 = 280
= 39.5 + 5
= 44.5
28 0
= 14
20
2. AMSVSl VSr$ tl]l$ >$yl?

3. 100 ]l$ $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ stMSZ C^a$.
$M> MS]l$MPyl?
]l*$P$
$ Q
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 54-64 65-74

8
20
28
30
10
Sol:
1. JMS $]l]l$ MSW Er$.

2. A l $]lO Byl Er$.
3. $V> Zlyl$l$.
4. $V> MSP^l]l^l$a.
Sol:
]l*$P$
$ Q
15-24
25-34
20
35-44
28 f1
45-54
30 f
54-64
10 f2
65-74
3. JMS ]lZ x1, x2, 2x1$ A>$. x1<x2<2x1 s

A.M, ]l$lVS$ 6MS ]l*]l. B >]l$
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
$MS lVS
>$ = x1, x2, 2x1

A.M. = 6
x1 + x 2 + 2x 1
=6
3
3x1 + x2 = 18 ____ (1)
f = 30
fl = 28
f2 = 10
]l$lVSl = 6
x1, x2, 2x1 ]l$l VSl = x2
44 + 45
L=
= 44.5
2
x2 = 6
(1)
]l$_ 3x1 + x2 = 18
3x1 + 6 = 18
3x1 = 186
C = 10
$MS =
L+
f f1
C
2f (f1 + f2 )
= 44.5 +
30 28
10
2 30 (28 + 10 )
= 44.5 +
2 10
60 38
= 44.5 +
20
22
= 44.5 + 0.91 = 45.41($]l*$V>)
x1 =
12
=4
3
>$ = 4, 6, 8
JMS ]l*$P {$
1. HMS $MS l A.M., ]l$lVS$ ]l$V> 28.2,

30.5 Al $MS Gl?
Sol:
5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 21, 27, 30, 33, 42
VSr$ A.M. = 28.5

]l$lVSl = 30.5
$MS = 3 ]l$lVSl 2 VSr$
lZ A> Q = 10 M>st
As 5, 6 A> VSr$ ]l$lVSl A]l#l$.
= 3 30.5 2 28.5
= 91.5 57.0
= 34.5
2.
x
x x x
, x, , ,
5
4 2 3
]l$lVSl =
]l$lVSl 8 Al x $]l Gl? (x>0)
Sol:
C_a-]l -$-]l--]l$ B--- {MS]l$Z >$-V>..

x x x x
, , , ,x
5 4 3 2
]l$lVSl =
x
3
MSP {M> ]l$lVSl = 8
x
=8
3
x = 24
3. 9, 11, 13, p, 18, 19
AMSVSl VSr$
Al
$]l]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
l = 9, 11, 13, p, 18, 19

VSr$ = p
9 + 11 + 13 + p + 18 + 19
=p
6
70 + p
=p
6
70 + p = 6p
70 = 6pp
5p = 70
p=
10 10
,
+1
2 2
70
5
p = 14
4. $MS l>]l$ yls lyl?

Sol:
1. l>MS $MS Eyl]l^l$a MS]l^l$a.

2. $MS E]lrl A JMS JMS Al$ M>]l]l
l$.
3. JMPMSPyl$ $MS MS]l^l$a.
5. 30, 5, 21, 42, 13, 10, 27, 33, 17, 8 l ]l$lVSl
Gl?
Sol:
C_a]l l> B {MS]l$Z >...

17 + 21
= 19
2
]l*{MS$
]l*{MS:
AMS]l$ Q]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z]l$, $]l# ]l$
Z]l$ A]l$al Hyl A]l$MS]l$ ]l*{MS As$.
E:
^ll${ ]l*{MS:
Ayl$z ]l$ Q, $]l# ]l$ Q ]l*]lV>
Es..B ]l*{MS]l$ ^ll${ ]l*{MS As$.
1 2
A=
3 4 22
^ll${ ]l*{MS:
]l*{MSZ Ayl$z]l$ Q, $]l# ]l$ QMS$
]l*]lV> ]lrl A ^ll${ ]l*{MS A]l#l$.
E:
1 2 3 4
A=
5 6 7 8 24
MS ]l*{MS:
JMS Ayl$z ]l$ VS ]l*{MS]l$ MS ]l*{MS Ayl$z ]l$
]l*{MS As$.
E: A = [a b c ]13
]l*{MS:
JMS JMS $]l# ]l$ VS ]l*{MS]l$ $]l# ]l$ ]l*{MS
, ]l*{MS As$.
E:
x
A = y
z
31
JMS ]l*{MS Al
a b
a c
A=
AT =
c d 22
b d 2 2
R ]l*{MS:
JMS ^ll${ ]l*{MSZ {]l MS~]lZ ]lM>$
]l*]lV> Eyl, $W]l ]lM>$ $ Al B
]l*{MS]l$ R ]l*{MS As$.
E:
2 0 0
A = 0 2 0
0 0 2 33
ll]l$ ]l*{MS:
^ll${ ]l*{MSZ {]l MS~Z { ]lMS 1V>
Eyl.. $W]l ]lM> 0 Al A s ]l*{MS
ll]l$ ]l*{MS.
E:
1 0 0
A = 0 1 0
0 0 1
t]l ]l*{MS:
JMS ]l*{MS ]ll$ ]l*{MSMS$ ]l*]lOl$
A t]l ]l*{MS A]l#l$.
E:
(A = AT)
a b
a c
A=
AT =
c d 22
b d 2 2
At]l ]l*{MS:
JMS ]l*{MS ]ll$ ]l*{MS MS]l Z]l*MS ]l*
]lOl$l (AT = A) A At]l ]l*{MS.
E:
a b
a c
A=
AT =
c d 22
b d 2 2
a b a b
A T = A, =
=
c d c d 22
*]l ]l*{MS:
]l*{MSZ { ]lMS $ Al A *]l ]l*{MS.
E:
E:
4 7 8
A=
2 8 7
JMS ]l*{MSZ Ayl$z ]l$ Q m, $]l# ]l$ Q

n, Es mn]l$ B ]l*{MS ]l* As$.
E:
]ll$ ]l*{MS A]l#l$.

]ll$ ]l*{MS AT.
0 0
A=
0 0 22
]ll$ ]l*{MS:
JMS ]l*{MSZ Ayl$z ]l$]l$ $]l# ]l$$ V>]l$, $
]l# ]l$]l$ Ayl$z ]l$$ V>]l$ A]l$al A ll ]l*{MS
S ]l*{MS:
>MS $V> VS ^ll${ ]l*{MS]l$ S ]l*{MS
As$.
AS ]l*{MS:
JMS ^ll${ ]l*{MS >MS *llOl$l B ]l*{MS]l$
AS ]l*{MS As$.
Z]l$ ]l*{MS:
A JMS AS ]l*{MS Al A ]l*]lOl$]l
]l* AB = BA = I]l$ l^l ^ll${]l*{MS B]l$,
A VS$]l Z]l$ As$. B = A1 *_$.
a b
A=
c d
A 1 =
Al
2 3 1 1
B 1A 1 =
1 2 2 1
2 + 6 2 3
=
1 4 1 + 2
4 1
=
____ (2 )
3 1
(1), (2)
1 d b
ad bc c a
A]l#l$.
]l$_ (AB)1 = B1A1
2. 4x y = 16,
3x 7
=y
2
$MS]l$ {M>]l$ l]l
^lyl?
4 ]l*$P {$
1.
1 1
2 3
A=
, B =
2 1
1 2
Sol:
4x y = 16 (1)
Al (AB)1 = B1A1 A
3x 7 = 2y
3x 2y = 7 (2)
(1), (2) $MS]l$ ]l*{MS
^l*yl?
Sol:
1 1
A=
2 1
4 1
x
16
A =
, X = , B =
3 2
y
7
1 1 2 3
AB =
2 1 1 2
|A| = 4(2) 3(1)

= 8 + 3
= 5
A ]l*{MSZ lls $]l# ]l$MS$ l$$ B > B1, A
2 1 3 2
=
4 1 6 2
Z y $]l# ]l$MS$ l$$V> B > B2 A]l#l$.
1 1
=
3 4
a b
A=
c d
Al
A 1 =
1 d b
ad bc c a
1 4 1
4 3 3 1
4 1
____ (1)
3 1
(AB )1 =
1 1
A=
2 1
A
1 1 1 1 1
=
1 + 2 2 1 2 1
2 3
B=
1 2
B
* (AX = B)Z >...
4 1 x 16
=
3 2 y 7
2 3
B=
1 2
(AB )1 =
3x 7
=y
2
1 2 3
=
4 3 1 2
2 3
=
1 2
16 1
B1 =
7 2
|B1| = 16(2) 7(1)

= 32 + 7
= 25
4 16
B2 =
3 7
|B2| = 47 163
= 28 48
= 20
x =
y=
B1
A
B2
A
25
=5
5
20
=4
5
x = 5, y = 4
3. 2x + 5y = 11, 4x 3y = 9 $MS]l$ ]l*{MS Z]l$
l]l ^lyl?
Sol:
2x + 5y = 11
4x 3y = 9
a b
c d
]l*{MS *Z >...
(a + d )A = (a + d )
2 5 x 11
=
4 3 y 9
A
X = B
(a + d )a
=
(a + d )c
CMSPyl
A]l$MS$s...
Al
A 1 =
1 d b
ad bc c a
1 3 5
6 20 4 2
X=
1 0
= (bc ad )
0 1
Al X = A1B A]l#l$.
1 3 5 11

26 4 2 9
= (bc ad)I
A2(a+d)A = (bcad)I
2 ]l*$P {$
1 33 45
26 44 + 18
2 m
1 4
; AB = BA
=
,
B
0 1
0 1
1. A =
1 78
26 26
A]lyl$ m]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
78
26
=
26
26
Sol:
1 4
A=
0 1
3
X=
1
2 m
B=
0 1
x 3
=
y 1
x = 3, y = 1
a b
1 0
, I =
c d
0 1
4. A =
ab + bd ab db
bc + d2 ad d2
0
bc ad
=
0
bc
ad
1 3 5
26 4 2
AX = B
a2 + bc ab + bd a 2 + ad ab + db
A 2 (a + d ) A =
ac + dc bc + d2 ac + dc ad + d 2
a2 + bc a 2 ad
=
ac + dc ac dc
2 5
A=
4 3
A 1 =
a2 + ad ab + db
=
ac + dc ad + d 2
2 5
x
11
A=
; X = , B =
4
3
y
a b
A=
c d
(a + d )b
(a + d )d
Al
A2(a+d)A = (bcad)I
Sol:
A ^l*^lyl?
1 4 2 m
AB =
1
0 1 0
2
2 + 0 m 2
=
0 + 0 0 + 1
a b
A=
c d
2 m 2
=
1
0
a b a b
A2 =
c d c d
2 m 1 4
BA =
0 1 0 1
a2 + bc ab + bd
=
ac + dc bc + d 2
2 + 0 8 m
=
0 + 0 0 + 1
2 8 m
=
1
0
3 2
=
1 1
AB = BA (l)
1 2 3 2
B + B 1 =
+
1 3 1 1
2 m 2 2 8 m
1 = 0
1
0
2
2
1 + 3 2 2
=
1 1 3 + 1
l ]lM>]l$ al...
4 0
=
0 4
m2=8m
m+m=8+2
m = 10/2 = 5
m=5
2.
1 0
= 4
0 1
1 2
MX
= (2 3 )
0 5
Al
]l* MS]l$MP,
= 4
B + B1 = 4I
M
1 4
3 2
1 0
2
, B =
, C =
Al A + BC
2 1
4 0
0 2
4. A =
]l*{MS >^lyl?
Sol:
MS]l$MPyl?
1 2
MX
= (2 3 )
0 5
Sol:
]l*{MS Ayl$z ]l$ Q, ]l*{MS Ayl$z ]l$

QMS$ ]l*]l. $]l# ]l$ Q VS$]l ]l*{MS Ayl$z
]l$ QMS$ ]l*]l.
M ]l*{MS
]l* = 12
M = (a b) A]l$Ms...
M
(a
1 2
b )
= (2 3 )
0 5
(a + 0
a=2
2a + 5b = 3
22 + 5b = 3
5b = 3 4
b = 1/5
M = (2 1/5)
9 8
=
4 9
3 2 1 0
BC =
4 0 0 2
A]lyl$ B + B1 = 4I A ^l*^lyl?
Sol:
B 1 =
3 + 0 0 + 4
=
4 +0 0 +0
3 4
=
4 0
9 8 3 4
A 2 + BC =
+
4 9 4 0
1 2
B=
1 3
a b
A=
c d
1 0
C=
0 2
1+ 8 4 + 4
=
2 + 2 8 +1
l ]lM>]l$ al...
1 2
3 2
B=
4 0
1 4 1 4
A2 =
2 1 2 1
2a + 5b ) = (2 3 )
3. B =
1 3
1 4
A=
2 1
Al
A 1 =
1 3 2
3 2 1 1
1 d b
ad bc c a
9 3 8 + 4
=
4 + 4 9 + 0
6 12
=
8 9
4 3
x 3
, B =
; BA = I22
9
7
9 y
5. A =
Al
2 3 p
=
0 1 1
x, y]l$
1 p
=
1 1
MS]l$MPyl?
Sol:
4 3
A=
9 7
p = 1
x 3
B=
9 y
3.
d2 5
4
d2 5
4
4x 27 3x 21
=
36 + 9y 27 + 7y
MSP {M> BA = I22

4x 27 3x 21 1 0
=
=
36 + 9y 27 + 7y 0 1
3x21 = 0
36+9y = 0
3x = 21
9y = 36
x = 21/3
y = 36/9
x=7
y = 4
x = 7, y = 4
JMS ]l*$P {$
AT
MS]l$MPyl?
=0
2(d2) 5(4) = 0
2d4 + 20 = 0
2d + 16 = 0
2d = 16
d = 16/2 = 8
3 1
1 2
4. X + 2I =
l ]lM> aV>...
Al A +
Al d $]l Gl?
Sol:
x 3 4 3
BA =
9 y 9 7
1 3
1. A =
5 6
=0
Al X ]l*{MS MS]l$V]lyl.
3 1
X + 2I =
1 2
1 0 3 1
X + 2
=
0 1 1 2
2 0 3 1
X+
=
0 2 1 2
3 1 2 0
X=

1 2 0 2
3 2 1 0
=
1 0 2 2
Sol:
1 3
A=
5 6
1 1
=
1 0
1 5
AT =
3 6
1 2
2 4
, B =
3
4
3 5
1 3 1 5
A+A =
+
5 6 3 6
5. A =
1+ 1 3 + 5
=
5 + 3 6 + 6
Sol:
]l*{MS MS]l$MPyl?
1 2
2 4
A=
; B =
3 4
3 5
2 8
=
8 12
AB + X=0
1 3 2
X = A + B
X = BA
2.
=
0 1 1 1
Sol:
1 3 2 p
=
0 1 1 1
Al AB + x = 0 Al X
Al p MS]l$MPyl?
M>st
2 1 4 2
2 4 1 2
X=

= 3 3 5 4
3 5 3 4
1 2
X=
0 1
VS]l
MSNr: $ gq {VS_, $]l E^l$M lVS$
Z G lVSV> VS^l JMS G{M>tM MS.
MSNr V>$: MSZ$z, ]l*r (l), MS{l ]l
VS.
MSNr {{V>: JMS ]l$]l$ VS^lyMS M>]l]l
*^l]l]l$ JMS ~l lZ A]l$a]l MSNr
{{V> As$.
6. MSNr zl VS As H$s?
& MSNrZ E]l oMSV>$ HOll ]l$]l ^l
^lVSl* s MSNr zl As$.
7. AV>ll$]l$ >r#yl$ VS$$^l$M]l *$
lyl?
& 1. M> ]l^l$MS]lyl
2. {MSV> *W^lyl
3. >ylV> E^lyl
4. ]l$]l$ MS*MSV> ^la_ ^lyl
MSNrZ ]lQ MS>$:

1. C#s l]l
2. MS{l]l VS
3. Ls#s l]l
MS{l ]l VS: fq {l^l , ${l
MS, AMSVSl PMS V> ]l MS{l ]l
VS As$.
JMS ]l*$P {$
1. AV>ll$ As H$s?
& JMS ]l$]l$ MSNrO l]l ^l$yMS g ^l]l Bfq
]l {MS]l$Z l*$^l, ]l {MS]l$
MSMSV> AV>ll$ As$.
2. {MS]l$_{l As H$s?
& ]l$ l]lMS$ >]l AV>ll$MS$, ]l$ MS*yl]l
]l~]l]l$ {MS]l$_{l As$.
3. MSNr 4 ]l$ >$yl?
& BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN,
5. {{V>$V VSg As H$s?

& AYll$]l$ MSNrMS$ A]l$$ ZMS l$j]l* ^l
MSNrMS$ A^l ]l$ {{V>$V VSg
As$.
PASCAL, JAVA,
ORACLE
4. * E*VS H$s?
& "" ]l lVSYMS$ l$' Al Bfq {MS]l$_{lZ
*_^l D Bfq ]l ]l {MS]l* MS$^lyMS, Bfq
Q]l$ lWY^lyMS E*VSyl$l$.
8. JMSs, yl$, ]lyl$, ZYl MSNrZ ls

E*W$?
& JMSsZl & *]l MS$
yl & _]l {st$
]lyl & G{M>tM ]l*$
ZYl & ]l$M>]l G{M>tM ]l*$
As H$s? MSNr ]l$$yl G]l
$$?
& C.P.U. Central Processing Units (MS{l ]l VS)
MSNr ]l$$yl$ & ^ g
9.
C.P.U.
yl$ ]l*$P {$
1. ]l$ l]lZ ]lMS ?
1. ]ll$V> ]l$]l$ MS*MSV> ^la_ g{VSlV>
^l*.
2. $MS$]l ]l$MS$ yl AV>ll$ >*.
3. >]l AV>ll$MS$ O]l {MS]l$_{ X$yl.
4. AV>ll$MS$ O]l {{V>l$]l$ >, MSNrMS$
A^.
2. {MS]l$_{lZ yl l M> st]l$ lyl?

1.
^ll${M> st
2.
> Oyl]l$y BM> st
3.
Al (l$) st
4.
C#s & A]l#ssst
3. G]lOMS, G#Oyl $V> A]l$]lyMS

$yl$l$.
4 ]l*$P {$
1. A$ ]lylzr$ C_a]l#yl$, lls ]ll>l ]l$_ 5
]ll>$ N A$]lMS$ { ]ll>MS A$
]lylz MS]l$MP]lyMS AV>ll$ > -MS -yl$ {MS]l$-_-{- X$yl?
AV>ll$
Bfq
Q
(]l)
1.
A$, ]lylzr$]l$ P,R $V> VS$^lyl.
T = 1 V> $Myl (T M>)
2.
3.
I = PTR/100]l$ VS]l ^l$yl
4.
T, I]l$ >$yl
T = T+1 VS^l$yl.
5.
6.
T5 A]l 3,4,5 ]l$ N ^l$yl
B^l$
3. MSNr > ]l]l]l$ X$yl?
C#s
l]l
fq {l^l$
A$ P, ]lylzr$]l$
R VS$^l$
Ls#s
l]l
T=1
${l MS
AMSVSl PMS VS
I= PTR /100
VS^l$
4. MSNr ^l$VSVS ]l$$ H?

& C_a]l G l$l A]l$$^lyl, G
lVS Q_alOl$]l VS]l]l$ ^l$yl, $VS$
^llll, G ]l*^> {l^lyl ]ls
MSNr ^l$.
5. MSNrO ]l$]l$ ^l Z AV>ll$,
{MS]l$_{ {]lQl]l$ ]l^lyl?
1. PMSV>, tV> lM> l*$^ll$MS$
$yl.
2. M>{MS]l$ ^l ]lMSMS l]l$ G^l$M]l Z
{{V> >$yMS GlV> EMS$.
T, I ]l$ ]l{^l$
T = T+1 VS^l$
A]l#]l$
T 5
M>l$
BWl
2. A$ P, r >l ^l{MS]lylz 5H M>MS A$ lMS ^l{MS]lylz MS]l$MPyl. P = *. 2000, r = 18% MS$ O l>MS
AV>ll$]l$ >, {MS]l$_{ X$yl?
& AV>ll$
1. A$ P, ]lylzr$ R, M> n]l$ C]l#
2.
A = P 1 +
100
]l$ VS^lyl.
3. A $]l ]l{^l$.
4. I = A P VS^l$
5. I $]l ]l{^l$
6. BW.
{MS]l$_{l
B^l$
P = 2000 Rs
r = 18%
n=5
A = P(1+r /100)n
A=2000(1+18/100)5
VS$^l$
]l{^l$
A = 5399 *.
A
I = A P VS^l$
I = 5399 2000
I = 3399
*.
I ]l{^l$
BW
3. V JMS yl*]l$ 500*. MS$ M 600 *.MS$ A]l*yl$. D l>MS V>, ]ltV> ~^lyMS {MS]l$_{
X$yl?
{^l$
A$]ll=*. 600
M]ll=*. 500
A]l#]l$
M>l$
A.l > M.l.
]lt = M.l & A.l
= A.l & M.l

= 600 & 500
]lt>l =
]lt/M.l 100
>l =
/M.l 100
= 100/200500 =
20
]lt>l
]l{^l$
>l = 20
]l{^l$
BVS$]l
BVS$]l

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Éç Tæý Ï Ðéèv (Í Ç Æó Çù Œl Cìê... : Sakshi

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^t V> {l C...

l*ll$sMSl$ Ml$ $$ MStOl$l jMStV> $. M> l ll, {l$MS

{l^l$&$l$$, {l$*$, lQ$, {l$$, $l$Z $MSl$ R

*fM>$, $$MS {l^ll l stMSOl l$$^le$l$, OlMSMS, Al$WMS, l$$Rl$

V> {MSt ^l*.

# 4 ]l*$PMS$ _]l {$ ]l. 2 ]l*$PMS$V>]l$ A&2Z 1,2,3

D A$Z MS$M> $, S {l$$, $l $,A]l$MS* {l, l$

D A$ ^ $Ol$. 2 ]l*$P {$ yl$, 4 ]l*$P {$ JMSs, 1 ]l*$P {

l, n l MS]l$MS$Pl *{]l$ l$$M. yl$ Q AMS]l$l]l$, VS$

RVSlZ g$$ >Ol {$f, ^l{MS$ ^ll$f >, OlMS RVSl,

D A$Z 4 ]l*$PMS$ _ l Ayl$VS$$. ]lQV> {l$MS A]l$l

D A$Z Q $MS$ ^ ]lQ. sMS _ u#MS i l

A]lYMSl l ]l$_ VSr$, ]l$lVSl, $M>]l$ H lV> MS]l$MS$Ps l$$M.

# 13 ]l*$P$ ]l. ^ $Ol$]l A$. Z ]lQV> A,

4]l*$PMS$ u#MS i l 372Z E 4,5, A 1Z 4,5 {$

$Z $$ Gr$ls JylMS Zl$ M>MS$y {>lV> Ey.

{]l^l$ & $-l$-$

O MS {]l^l]l l stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z A

l {_, M $ H$* sMS

JMS ]l$ ^l*^lyl?

O MS {]l^l]l l stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z A

{]l^l]l: ABCZ AB > AC Al C >B

1) A(BC) (AB) (AC),

(1) xA (BC) xA ]l$- x(BC)

4. ""5 JMS Q ; 5 llMS'' Al {]l^lMS$ OlMS

(2) x(AB) (AC) x(AB)

HOl yl$ {]l^lOl

(1) x(A(BC)) xA ]l$- x(BC)

(2) x(AB) (AC) x(AB)

(xA ]l$- xB)

(xA ]l$- xC)

AllV> BA' = {x ; xB ]l$- xA'}

]l$_ A(BC) = (AB)(AC)

(1) x(AB)' x((AB))

]l$- (xA ]l$- xB)

{ ]lMS A'B'Z Er$.

(AB)' A'B' (1)

{ ]lMS (AB)'Z Er$.

A'B' (AB)' (2)

]l$_ (AB)' = A'B'

JMS {MS $MS A, B$ yl$ E$l$Ol AB

3. A B Al B' A' A ^l*^lyl?

{ ]lMS A'Z Er$.

B A = 3 , 4,5 {1, 2,3}

1. {l$$: xA, yB Al fZ H yl$ {MS]l$V>

3. {VS {l$$: f Al A ]l$_ BMS {l$$ A..

{l$*]l$ ]l*]l {l$*$ As$.

4. VS$ {l$$: f Al {l$$ AlMS, {VS Al

f(x) AlMS]l$ ^l*r:

Al AlMS, {VS M>st f(x) VS$ {l$$

7. {l$$: {l$$ f: A B, f(x) = c x A

10. ]l*]l {l$$: JMS {l DO _lOl$]l {l$*$

2. {l$*$ f, g, h]l$ MS lV> _^$. f(x) = x

3. f(x) = x + 2, g (x) = 2x + 3, h(x) = 3x + 4 x R

g(1) + g(2) + g(3)

f: R R, g (x) = R R$ f(x) = 1 + 2x,

(g o f) = {(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}

f {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1)} Al f o f

(f o f) (1) = f [f(1)] = f(2) = 3

f) (2) = f [f(2)] = f(3) = 4

f (x) = x2 + 2x 15 (x R) f (2), f (3)]l$

f(x)]lMS$ (x2) M>-MS-]l$-]l#-l$.

- --- VS- l-:

# 4 ]l$PMS$ _]l {$ ]l. 2 ]l$PMS$V>]l$ A&2Z 1,2,3

D A$ ^ $Ol$. 2 ]l$P {$ yl$, 4 ]l$P {$ JMSs, 1 ]l*$P {

{l$]l$ ]l]l {l$*$ As$.

10. ]l]l {l$$: JMS {l DO _lOl$]l {l$$