Fusarium wilt of soybean & CHILLI

Some facts
Soybean wilt is caused by fungus group Fusarium oxysporum wilt.
Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme and F. solani causing pod and collar rot This pathogen is soil and seed borne. Dicotyledonous weeds also acts as hosts for this fungi This disease is also known as Sudden death syndrome.

Favourable climatic condition

Wet weather early in the growing season favors the initial infection of soybeans by the fungus. Disease development can be most severe in poorly drained soils. This is probably at least partially due to greater moisture retention, compaction, and slower warming of the soil Warm, dry conditions contribute to foliar symptom development when soybean plants are under moisture stress.

Symptom

Infected seedlings may damp off. Infections of older plants cause stunting Infection is often limited to the lower tap and lateral roots, which may be completely rotted Foliar symptoms begin, as small chlorotic spots on leaves.

The spots coalesce until the entire intervenal tissue of leaf is chlorotic. The chlorosis progresses to necrosis giving the leaves a fired look.

Continued.
The leaf veins remain green and the leaves often drop off the plant leaving bare petioles still attached to the plant stems The dead inter venal tissue falls from the leaf giving the leaf a tattered appearance

The roots are rotted near the crown, and plants can be easily pulled from the soil.

The outer cambial tissue of SDS infected stems exhibit rot but the stems pith remains white

Control

1. As it is a seed and soil borne so seed treatment is necessary with Benzimidazole group of fungicides

2. As benofit has an adverse effect on the fusarium growth so it can be used

as spray or soil drenching.

DOSE - 2 TO 2.5 gm FOR SPRAY PER LTR/W & 400gm to 500gm FOR DRENCHING PER ACRE (soyabean & chilli)

Chilly Wilt
Causal organism: Fusarium annuum

Favourable condition

a) Humid weather b) High moisture in the soil c) Poor drained soil

Symptom

a) First visible symptom is drooping of lower leaves

b) Infection usually begins at the point where the side

roots are attached c) Roots become soft and develop a water soaked appearance d) Younger shoots at the later stage turn brown and die

Symptom often resembles Magnesium deficiency