M HNH THC NGHIM MY KHOAN PHUN CC XI MNG T T NG

THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AUTOMATIC LIME CEMENT COLUMN MACHINE

TRN XUN TU Trng i hc Bch Khoa - i hc Nng DNG KIM I Trung tm Kim nh k thut an ton xy dng - B Xy dng

TM TT Bi bo ny gii thiu kt qu nghin cu thit k, ch to mt m hnh thc nghim ng dng iu khin t ng cho my khoan phun cc xi mng t. Vi m hnh ny, tc nng cn khoan c iu khin v cp theo lng va thc t phun vo nn t trong qu trnh khoan phun theo mt t l nht nh m ta ci t trc bng k thut vi iu khin. ABSTRACT This article introduce the results of research on designing and manufacturing a application model of automatic control for Cement Column Machine. By this model, the speed to lifting the drill bar is controlled steplessly according to the amount of real mortar ejected into the ground during the process of drilling-ejecting in according with the given ratio that we have preinstalled by the microcontroller technique.

1. T VN Cng ngh gia c nn t yu bng cc xi mng t bt u p dng nc ta vo nhng nm u th k 21, n nay c s dng tng i rng ri. Cng ngh ny t hiu qu cao khi p dng cho cc cng trnh c ti trng phn b u nh ng, bn cng, sn bay, kho cha duCc tp on xy dng nc ngoi nh: Hercules ca Thy in, Sumitomo Construction ca Nht a thit b vo thi cng ti Vit Nam. Vi nhu cu pht trin nhanh chng v xy dng cc cng trnh nh hin nay, nhiu cng ty xy dng trong nc nhp my khoan phun ca Trung Quc thi cng do gi thnh tng i thp. Tuy nhin, qua s dng cc my ny c nhiu nhc im, trong nhc im ln nht l iu khin bng tay nn kh nng kim sot cht lng rt kh khn, ph thuc rt nhiu vo trnh cng nhn. T nhu cu thc t trn, bi bo ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu thit k, ch to m hnh my khoan phun cc xi mng t iu khin t ng. Trn c s p dng ci tin my khoan phun cc xi mng t trong iu kin hin nay ti Vit Nam. 2. NI DUNG NGHIN CU Nguyn tc gia c nn t v nguyn l hot ng ca my Cc xi mng t l hn hp gia t nguyn trng ni gia c v xi mng c phun xung nn t bi thit b khoan phun. Mi khoan c khoan xung lm ti t cho n khi t su lp t cn gia c th quay ngc li v dch chuyn ln. Trong qu trnh dch chuyn ln, xi mng c phun vo nn t (bng p lc kh nn i vi hn hp kh hoc bng bm va i vi hn hp dng va t). Nguyn l hot ng c th hin nh hnh 1. Nguyn l ca my thit k

My khoan phun cc xi mng t ca Trung Quc c nhiu nhc im, nhc im ln nht l iu khin lng xi mng phun vo nn t v dch chuyn ln ca mi khoan hon ton bng tay. My ny c hai tn hiu hin th: l hin th khi lng xi mng phun bng cch ly tn hiu t cn in t v hin th chiu su khoan ca mi khoan nh cm bin o su. iu khin qu trnh khoan phun, cng nhn cn c vo cc hin th ny trc tip phi hp s di chuyn i ln ca mi khoan v lng xi mng phun theo t l nht nh. Do iu khin bng tay nn cht lng cc thng khng n nh, ph thuc rt nhiu vo tay ngh cng nhn.

Khoan xung su thit k

i chiu quay, va ln va phun xi mng

Cc xi mng t gia c

Thi cng phn mng pha trn

a) b) Hnh 1. S m t qu trnh khoan phun v nguyn l ca my khoan cc xi mng t a) S m t qu trnh khoan phun b) Nguyn l ca my khoan cc xi mng t: 1. ng c nng h cn; 7. u cn; 2. Phanh; 8. Cn khoan; 3. Hp gim tc nng h cn; 9. Mm quay; 4. B truyn xch; 10. Cp bnh rng n khp ngoi; 5. Con trt dn hng xch; 11. Hp gim tc quay cn; 6. a xch; 12. ng c quay cn; 13. Mi khoan; 14. ng dn; 15.Ni trn va; 16. Bm va; 17. ng c bm.

khc phc nhc im trn, qua nghin cu chng ti xy dng mt m hnh iu khin t ng qu trnh khoan phun ca my bng cch iu khin v cp tc i ln ca cn khoan theo lu lng thc t lng va phun vo nn t (hnh 2b). S khi th hin mi quan h gia cc tn hiu v cc thit b th hin hnh 2a. Trn c s nguyn l trn chng ti thit k v lp rp c mch iu khin nh hnh 3. T thit lp thut ton iu khin nh hnh 4 v vit chng trnh iu khin. Hnh trnh xung: mi khoan va quay va khoan xung, n su ci t trc, y l qu trnh lm ti t. Hnh trnh ln: mi khoan quay theo chiu ngc li, va c bm cung cp cho h khoan. Cm bin lu lng o lu lng phun thc t ca bm. Khi cm bin lm vic th ng c nng cn khoan mi hot ng nng dn mi khoan ln. Cm bin bo lng va thc t chy qua ng ng phun vo nn t, tn hiu c truyn v b x l trung tm CPU. Lc ny cm bin o gc quay

(encoder) lm vic bo tn hiu hi tip tc nng mi khoan v su khoan, tn hiu ny cng c a v CPU x l. Da vo cc tn hiu CPU s truyn tn hiu ti b iu khin, b iu khin s ra lnh iu khin lm thay i in p cp cho ng c dn ng nng mi khoan. ng c s quay theo tc ng vi yu cu iu khin lm cho mi khoan nng ln tng ng vi lng va thc t chy qua cm bin phun vo trong nn t.
4 5 6

3 7 Nhp s liu u vo

2 Cm bin o gc quay (encoder) 1 8

Chng trnh iu khin

b)
CPU B iu khin ng c in H thng chp hnh Hnh trnh Th tch H thng bm phun H thng cp liu

a)
Lu tr v xut s liu Cm bin o lu lng

Hnh 2. S khi v s nguyn l my khoan phun iu khin t ng a) S khi nguyn l iu khin b) S nguyn l my khoan phun iu khin: 1. C cu nng h cn khoan; 4. CPU; 7. C cu quay cn khoan; 2. ng c nng h cn khoan; 5. B iu khin; 8. C cu bm phun va 3. Encoder; 6. Cm bin lu lng; Mi quan h gia tc khoan v th tch va phun c th hin c tnh hnh 5c. c tnh ny biu th mi quan h gia lng va thc t phun vo nn t (cm3) v khong dch chuyn ln ca cn khoan (cm) vi ng knh mi khoan l 9,5cm. S liu thc t nh bng 1. M hnh thc nghim c thit k, ch to nh hnh 5a, 5b. Bng 1. S liu v quan h gia khong dch chuyn mi khoan v th tch va phun su khoan (cm) 10 15 20 25 c tnh 1 (MAC1) 59,1716 88,7574 118,3432 147,9290 Th tch va (cm3) c tnh 2 c tnh 3 c tnh 4 (MAC2) (MAC3) (MAC4) 70,9220 88,6054 118,1377 106,3830 132,9080 177,2065 141,8440 177,2107 236,2754 177,3050 221,5134 295,3442 c tnh 5 (MAC5) 177,3050 265,9574 354,6099 443,2624

30 35 40 45 50

177,5148 207,1006 236,6864 266,2722 295,8580

212,7660 248,2270 283,6879 319,1489 354,6099

265,8161 310,1187 354,4214 398,7241 443,0268

354,4130 413,4819 472,5507 531,6195 590,6884

531,9149 620,5674 709,2199 797,8723 886,5248

Start

Hnh 3: S mch iu khin

Chng trnh chnh

ORG 00H

Nhy n chng trnh chnh Nhy n chng trnh phc v ngt ngoi 0
ORG 000BH ORG 0003H

Khi ng cc thanh ghi iu xung Cho php cc knh iu xung thc hin Thit lp ch cho b nh thi Thit lp cc mc u tin ngt Cho php ngt Call Reset machine Chn su khoan, chn mc Call hin th thng s Call qut phm nhn (OK) Chn chng trnh chy

Nhy n chng trnh phc v ngt b nh thi 0 Nhy n chng trnh phc v ngt ngoi 1 Nhy n chng trnh phc v ngt b nh thi 1
ORG 001BH ORG 0013H

Hnh 4. Lu thut ton iu khin

Chn ng chng trnh

Yes

No

Thc hin chng trnh Call hin th s l Call hin th thng s

C TNH 5 (MAC5)

C TNH

1000

900

MAC5

800

700

Th tch va phun (cm3)

600

MAC4
500

400

MAC3 MAC2 MAC1

300

200

100

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

su khoan (cm) vi mi khoan 9,5 cm

a)

b) Hnh 5. M hnh thc nghim

c)

a) nh chp ca m hnh thc nghim; b) nh chp ca mn hnh iu khin c) ng c tnh ca m hnh thc nghim Kt qu t c Nghin cu thit k ch to c m hnh my khoan phun cc xi mng t. M hnh c iu khin t ng bng k thut vi iu khin. Trong gii quyt tt cc vn : iu khin tc nng cn khoan v cp theo lng va thc t phun vo nn t trong qu trnh khoan phun. M hnh t vn hnh hon ton t ng theo mt ng c tnh m ta ci t trc (MAC1, MAC2, MAC3, MAC4 hoc MAC5). M hnh ny hon ton c th p dng vo thc t cc n v thi cng cc xi mng t ti Vit Nam. M hnh thc nghim th hin m phng tt qu trnh hot ng ca my khoan cc xi mng t, rt ph hp lm m hnh ging dy. 3. KT LUN Vic ci tin my khoan phun cc xi mng t t iu khin bng tay sang iu khin hon ton t ng qu trnh khoan phun lm cho lng va xi mng phun vo nn t mt cch ng u trn sut chiu su khoan, lm tng cht lng ca cc xi mng t ng thi tng nng sut khoan. M hnh thc nghim c thit k, ch to, hot ng hon ton t ng v m phng c my thc t. Kt qu ny l c s nghin cu p dng cho thc t cc n v s dng thit b thi cng ti Vit Nam. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] [2] [3] Hi a k thut Thu in (1997), Cc vi v cc t xi mng - Ch dn lp k hoch, thi cng v gim st d n. Bo co 4:95 SGF. Xun Tin (2001), K thut vi x l v lp trnh ASSEMBLY cho h vi x l, NXB xut bn Khoa hc v K thut. Nguyn Minh Tuyn (2005), Bm my nn qut trong cng nghip, NXB Xy dng.

[4]

D.T.Bergado - J.C.Chai - M.C.Alfaro - A.S.Balasubramaniam (1996), Nhng bin php k thut mi ci to t yu trong xy dng, NXB Gio dc.