PRESENTATION ON

FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (FACTS)

BY CHANDAN KUMAR ME/EEE/1013/2011

INTRODUCTION:
A flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy.

It is meant to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability of the network. It is generally a power electronics-based system.

The main idea of FACTS can be explained by the basic equation for transmission systems.

Different FACTS devices can actively influence one or more of these parameters and control the power flow through the interconnection.

Examples of shunt compensation

Regulate the line voltage by connecting an inductor or a capacitor in shunt with the transmission line.

Most common SVCs are:

Thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR): Reactor is connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve. The thyristor valve is phase-controlled. Equivalent reactance is varied continuously.

Thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC):

Capacitor is connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve. Thyristor is either in zero- or full- conduction. Equivalent reactance is varied in stepwise manner.

Examples of FACTS for shunt compensation (schematic)

Mechanically-switched capacitor (MSC):

Capacitor is switched by circuit-breaker. It aims at compensating steady state reactive power. It is switched only a few times a day.

Examples of series compensation

Thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC):

A series capacitor bank is shunted by a thyristor-controlled reactor

Thyristor-controlled series reactor (TCSR):

A series reactor bank is shunted by a thyristor-controlled reactor

Thank you