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11
12
13
14
15
16
17
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59 + 21 = 50 + 9 + 20 + 1
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o :
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6
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43 + 62 + 17 + 38

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62 + 70 + 8

6
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7
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=
=
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(B)

140
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3 38
6
0 + 100

160

=
43 + 62 + 17 + 38

YdL :
UtLiP GjdLhLp GiLs RdLlThP \L[ YdL,
GjdLh 7 :
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1 1 1
2
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9,502

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5
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6

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6
7
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12
3
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14
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1
1
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5
6
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2. rdLiP LjRp LQdL[ GV \Vl TVuTj LdL, Um SPVLd Lj PL[f
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3758
9574

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4.

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GjdLh 10 :
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750 99

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ApX 100 \Ls 750 J \ 750
ApX 75000 750
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750 99 = 74250
8

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(B) 0 3 = 0
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(B) 165 101
(C) 102 101
(D) 999 20
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10
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32
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(2)

24
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(3)

16
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8 5 = 40 Gp
(A) 40 5 = 8

(D) 40 8 = 5 Gu\ C YjRp tLs Es[],

YdL :
JqY YjRp ttm, RPoPV JW J TdLp t Ei, ARY 40 8 =
5 Gp 8 5 = 40
GjdLh 14 :
56 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 = 0Cu YjRp tL[ GL,
o : 56Ck 8I 7 \ LdL P fVU\,
CR J YjRp t\L 56 = 7 Gum
8
Ut\ YjRp t\L 56 = 8 Gum GRXm,
7

10

GjdLh 15 :
42 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 = 0Cu YjRp tL[ GL,
o :
42 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 = 0Cu YjRp tLs
=
42 7
42 = 6
Um 6
7
YdL : rdLiP TdLp tLs JqYutm RPoPV YjRp tLs RWlThP RjRd
LYdL :
10=0

20=
0

30=
0

15 0 = 0

23 0 =
0

(A) 1 = 0

2 = 0

3 = 0

= 1

0 = 2

0 = 3

= 0
1
5
0 = 15

0
,

(B) 0
0
0
0
UtLiPYtk Sm C Vlhm TiL[l T\Xm,

= 0
2
3
0 = 23
0

(A) fVjR, fVpXR GiL[p YdLd PlT fVm Bm,

2) fVjR, fVjRp YdL TX UlLs 1, 2, 3, G]d Pdu\], C HtLlTPR
Ju\m, G]Y fVjRp YlT GuT LRjp AUdLlTPRRu\m,
YdL :
fVjRl TtV UtU ]m G\,
fVUpXR GiL[, fVjRp YjRp Gu] Pdm? ARY 1 0, 2
0, 3 0 Tu\Ytu UlTd LQ Yim,
J Y[1 0Cu Ul J Gi Gp ARtj RPoPV TdLp
t
( Gi) 0 = 1 Gu B\,
B]p GkR GiQm fVjRp Td]p fVU Pdm GuTR Sm AYm,
G]Y UtLiP t RY\] t\m, Ck
GiL[l fVjRp YlT GuT AUdLlTPR NVp Gu Sm A\m,
CWU_u Sm Shu LlTm LRURVL [eVYo, AYo RrShp
mTLQjs[ Pu EVoXl Tsp Lp Tu\o, AYo HZm Ylp TmT J Ss
AYW BVo Ko GiQ AR GiQp YjRp PlT Ju\ G]d ]o, EP] CWU_u
Gk Aq fVjtm TkU G]d LhPo, GlT CWU_u AYW BVWm,
YlTm VlTPVf Nnd\o TojoL[!

GjdLh 16 :
20I 6Bp YdL,
11

o :

20 GuT YTm Gi
6 GuT Y Gi
3 GuT D

Ce
3
6

20
2 GuT
18
2

20

YTm Gi = Y Gi D +
YjRp GuT RPofVLd Ldm NVp GuTR Sm AYm,
B]p, Y GiQ P Ydm Gi LlTVRL CdmT Ydm NVp L]U]R \,
G]Y AYt\ GRdL SUd X dLeLm RYlT\,
GjdLh 17 :
639I 3Bp YdL,
o :
Ce YTm GiQ YdL \p (CPUld ) G\m,

200

10

600

30

600

30

D = 200 + 10 + 3 = 213.
ClT X TdLp Utm YjRp LQdLd d \ Xm LQdm \L[d LiTm,
GjdLh 18 :
5Bp TdL.: (A) 240 5
10
(A) 240 5
(B) 3645 5
GjdLh 19 :

240 2
10

2
36450

1200

3645 2

1822
5

25Bp TdL.: (A) 32 25

100
(A) 32 25
(B) 2003 25
GjdLh 20 :

170 5

(B) 2003 25
3200

32 4
100

4
200300

800

2003 4

5007
5

5Bp YdL :
(A)

(B) 3645 5
2400

(B) 2345 5

12

o :
(A) 170
5
(B) 2345
5

170 2
52

2345 2
52

340
10
4690
10

34

46
9

GjdLh 21 :
25Bp YdL : (A) 325 25
325
(A) 25
325
=
325 4
25 4
25
875
(B) 25
875
25

(B) 875 25

875 4
25 4

1300
100

13

3500
100

35

YdL : Ko GiQ 125Bp YdL UtLiP \L[l Tp Ju\ Eu]p \ CVU?

Tt 1.4
1. rdLiPYtt YjRp tL[d L,
(A) 63 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 = 0
(B) 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 0
(C) 4 4 = 0
(D) 15 5 5 5 = 0
2. rdLiP YjRpLd RPoPV TdLp tL[d L,
(A) 18 6 = 3
(B) 84 7 = 12
(D) 121 11 = 11

(C) 120 10 = 12

3. LdLlThP TdLp tLdj RPoPV C YjRp tL[d L,

(A) 8 7 = 56
4. d \p TdL,
(A) 777 5

(B) 10 8 = 80

(D) 13 5 =
(C) 12 14 = 168 65

(B) 264 5

(C) 3256 5

(F) 472 25

(G) 5329 25

5. d \p YdL,
(A) 85 5

(B) 315 5

(C) 1995 5

(E) 1225 25

(F) 550 25

(G) 2875 25

(D) 2875 5
(H) 8775
25

(C) 2925 23

(D) 8243
43

(E) 299 25

(D) 988 5
(H) 6251
25

6. rdLiPYtt D Utm LiL,

(A) 564 6

(B) 1234 12

7. JYo , 345I 25 LL[L Ut\o, AYd GjR] 25 LLs Pdm?

8. J LQdp Y Gi 15, D 4 Utm 2 Gp YTm GiQd Li,

9. Ko GiQ 215Bp YdL D 74, 19 Pd\, AkR GiQd LiL,
10. C GiLu TdLtTXu 140436, Ap Ko Gi 249 Gp Ut\ GiQd LiL,
11. J YP CkVl TVQjp 42 To TeLt\]o, AlTVQju UjR NX , 90,300 Gp,
JqYYm NjR YiV RL GqY[?
13

]p LsL
1) GiLp Su AlTPf NVpLs hPp, LjRp, TdLp, YjRp Bm,
2) hPp GuT CWi ApX ARt UtThP GiL[f Noj JW GiQLd
YRm,
3) LjRp GuT hPu GoU\f NVXm, Ce LdLlThP Gik \Y]
UlPV GiQ d Vd LiTRm,
4) TdLp GuT JW GiQ TX\ hm NVu YYUm,
5) YjRp GuT JW GiQl TX\ Lj Vd Lm NVXm,
6) YjRp :
YTm Gi = D Y Gi + ,
7) GkR GiPm fVjRd h]p AR GiQj Rm, GkR Gikm
fVjRd LjRp AR GiQj Rm, GkR GiQm fVjRp TdL
fVm Pdm,
GkR GiQm fVjRp Ydm \ YWVdLlTPpX,

1,3 Gi AUlLs
1.31YjLs, LWLs Utm UPeLs
1.32CWhP GiLm Jt\ GiLm
1.33T GiLm TL GiLm
ClTPjp YjLs, LWLs, UPeLs Utm TL GiLs TtV LjL[d LtL Cd\m,
Um Gi AUlLu \lT] TiL[l Ttm TodL Cd\m,
1,3,1 YjLs, LWLs Utm UPeLs :
YjLs :
24 Gu\ GiQ Gjd LsYm, 24 Gu\ GiQ 3Bp YdL 0.
G]Y 3I 24Cu Yj Gu\m, AR Tp 24I 2Bp YdL 0.
G]Y 2Im 24Cu Yj G]Xm, AR \p 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 BVYm YjLs Bu\],
G]Y 24Cu YjLs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 Bm,
13Cu YjLs VY? 1, 13 UhU YjLs Bm,
GjdLh 22 :
(A) 18,

(B) 45-CYtu YjLs VY?

o :
(A) 18Cu YjLs 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
(B) 45Cu YjLs 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
14

Gi
24

YjLs
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

YWeLs
1 24 = 24 ; 2 12 = 24
3 8 = 24 ; 4 6 = 24

1, 13

1 13

= 13

18

1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

1 18

= 18, 2 9 = 18, 3 6 = 18

45

1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45

1 45

= 45, 3 15 = 45, 5 9 = 45

1, 19

1 19

= 19

13

19

AhPYQ 1.2
l: AhPYQ 1.2Cp X GiLs C YjL[ UhU Ttdu\], AqYjLs 1 Utm AR Gi
UhU,
LWLs :
Jo Giu YjLp 1Im AkR GiQm RW Ut\ YjLs. AkR Giu LWLs G]lTm,
GjdLh 23 :
(A) 20,
GpX YjL[m, LWL[m LiL :
o :
(A) 20Cu YjLs 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 Bm,
20Cu LWLs 2, 4, 5, 10 Bm,
(b) 32Cu YjLs 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Bm,
32Cu LWLs 2, 4, 8, 16 Bm,
UPeLs :
Gi 4I Gjd LsYm,
1, 2, 3,.......... Gu\ GiL[p 4Il TdL
4, 8, 12, 16, 20,............. Gu\ GiL[l T\m,
CYVpXm 4Cu UPeLs Bm,
GjdLh 24 :
(A) 8Cu UPeLs B]d LiL, (B) 12Cu UPeLs Ik]d LiL,
o :
(A) 8Cu UPeLs
18

2 8 = 16
3 8 = 24
4 8 = 32
5 8 = 40
6 8 = 48
8Cu UPeLs 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 Bm,
(B) 12Cu UPeLs

1 12
= 12

2 12
= 24

(B) 32


3 12
= 36

4 12
= 48

5 12
= 60
12Cu UPeLs 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 Bm,
15

1,3,2 CWhP GiLm Jt\ GiLm :

GiL[2Bp TdLd Pdm UPeL[d LYdL,
0 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2,
ARY 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, GuTY 2Cu UPeLs, GiLp
2Cu UPeLs ApXR GiL[d LYdL,
ARY 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, GuTY 2Cu UPeLs ApX,
GiLp 2Cu UPeL[L Es[ GiLs CWhP GiLs G]lTm, CWhP GiL[ 2Bp
YdL Pdm 0 Bm,
GiLp 2Cu UPeL[L AUVR GiLs Jt\ GiLs G]lTm, Jt\ GiL[ 2Bp YdL
Pdm 0 ApX, 1 Bm,
rdLiPYt\d LYdL:
+
+
2
=
4
;
2
6
= 8
;
(A) 2

(B) 2 2 = 4 ; 2 6 = 12
; 48
+
(C)
+3 = 4 ; 3 5
= 8
; 7+9
1

(D)
3 = 3 ; 3 15 = 15 ; 7 9
1

4 + 8 = 12
= 32
= 16
= 63

; 10 + 20 = 30
20
; 10 20 = 0
; 13 + 11 = 24
14
; 13 11 = 3

UtLiP GjdLhLk rdLiPY UnV] tL[m,

+ CWhP Gi
= CWhP Gi
CWhP Gi
= CWhP Gi
CWhP Gi
CWhP Gi
+ Jt\ Gi
= CWhP Gi
Jt\ Gi
= Jt\ Gi
Jt\ Gi
Jt\ Gi
1,3,3 T GiLm TL GiLm :
uYm AhPYQ 1.3Id LYdL :
YjLs
1

GiLs
1
2

1, 2

1, 3

1, 2, 4

5
6

1, 5
1, 2, 3, 6

1, 7

1, 2, 4, 8

1, 3, 9

10

1, 2, 5, 10
AhPYQ 1.3

2, 3, 5, 7

Sm mm YW CqYhPYQs[ YWeL[j RPWXm,

UtLiP AhPYQp GjR] GiLs C YjLs UhU Ttdu\]?

BV GiLd C YjLs UhU Es[],

16

CVp GiLp C YjLs UhU Ttdm GiL[l TL GiLs Gu\m,

CVp GiLp CWitm UtThP YjL[l Ttdm GiL[l T GiLs Gu\m,
YdL :
1 Gu\ Gi TL Gim ApX. T Gim ApX. Hu?
GjdLh 25 :
rdLiP GiL[ TL GiLu TdLt TX]L GL,
(B) 10
(C) 12
(A) 6
o :
3
(A) 6
= 2
(2, 3 TL GiLs)

(B) 10 = 2 5 (2, 5 TL GiLs)

(B) 12 = 3 4 = 3 2 2 (3, 2 TL GiLs)

Ce GpX T GiLm, TL GiLu TdLt TX]L GRlThs[],
Cm\Vl TLdLWlTjRp Gu\m,
Ck GlT GiQm, TLd LWLu TdLt TX]L GR m
G] A\m,
CWPvRv Gu\ WdL LRUR TL GiL[d LiTRt Ko GV Y\Vd s[o,
AqY\Vl TVuTj 1 Rp 100 V Es[ GiLp TL GiL[d LiTm,
1 Rp 100 V Es[ GiL[ GL,
1 TL Gi ApX, AR Aj ,
2 TL Gi, ARf t YhP, ClT 2-Cu UPeL[ GpXm Aj
,
3 J TL Gi, ARf t YhP, ClT 3Cu UPeL[ GpXm Aj ,
4 J T Gi, CqYim CRu UPeLm HtL]Y AdLlTh hP], (Hu?)
5 J TL Gi, ARf t YhP, ClT 5Cu UPeL[ GpXm Aj ,
Sm GV GiLs GpXm YhPPlThP, AdLlThP CdmYW UtV \Vj
RPok NnYm,
ClT YhPPlThP TL GiL[ rdLiP AhPYQp GYm,
1 Rp 100 V Es[ GiLp GL GiLs:
2
11
31
41
61
71

3
13
23
43
53

7
17

19
29

37
47
59
67

73
83

79
89
97

AhPYQ 1.4
17

AhPYQ 1.4Ck X YWeL[ Sm Li\m,

1 Rp 100 V Es[ GiLp 25 TL GiLs Cdu\], 2Ij RW GpX TL GiLm Jt\ GiLs,
5Ij RW 5Cp m TL GiLs JupX,.
GjdLh 26 :
20, 30 CYtt CPp Es[ TL GiL[ GL,
o :
20, 30 CYtt CPlThP TL GiLs

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
23, 29 TL GiLs Bm,

Tt 1.5
1)

rdLiP GiLd GpX YjL[m LWL[m GL,

(A) 16

(B) 25

(C) 27

(E)
125

(D) 42

2) rdLiP GiL[ TLdLWlTj GL,

(A) 36
(B) 24
(C) 80
(D) 63
3) 30, 40 CYttPp C YjL[ Uhm Lidm GiLs GjR]?
4) TL GiL[ GL,
(A)1, 20 CYttPp
(C) 55, 65 CYttPp

(E)
120

(B) 45, 50 CYttPp

(D) 90, 100 CYttPp
]p LsL

1) LdLlThP GiQ Ko Hi u YdUu, AkR Gi LdLlThP Giu Yj

G]lTm,
2) X GiLs, 1 Utm AR GiQ UhU YjL[Ld Lidu\],
3) Ko Giu YjLp 1Im AkR GiQm RW Ut\ YjLs AkR Giu LWLs
G]lTm,
4) GiLp 2Cu UPeL[L Es[ GiLs CWhP GiLs G]lTm,
5) GiLp 2Cu UPeL[L AUkR GiLs Jt\ GiLs G]lTm,
6) CVp GiLp C YjLs Uhm Ttdm GiL[l TL GiLs Gu\m,
7) CVp GiLp CWitm UtThP YjL[l Ttdm GiL[l T GiLs Gu\m,
8) GlT GiQm TL GiLu TdLt TX]L GR m,

1,4 Add hp TV GiLs

Ko GiQ AR]d Li TX\ Tdd LsYRp HtTm TdLt TX]d dL Ko GV
\ Es[, AR Add YYm GuTo, CqYYm LlTV GiL[ GYRt ERVL Cd\,
6 6 GuT dLUL 62 G] GRlT\,

18

62,Cp 6 GuT AU]m Gum 2 GuT Ad ApX T Gum \lTm, 62 GuT 6Cu
Ad 2 Gu \ Yim,
uYm AhPYQ 1.5Id LYdL:
mTj mT

Add

Ad
ApX

TdLlTm Gi

YYm

66

AU]m
6

TdL

T
2

6Cu Ad 2

ApX 6CuT 2
ApX 4Cu YodLm
5Cu Ad 3

ApX 5Cu T 3
ApX 5Cu L]m
2Cu Ad 5

555

3
5

22222

5
2

ApX 2Cu T 5
101010101010
10

10

10Cu Ad 7

10

ApX 10Cu T 7
AhPYQ 1.5
Add YYjp GR, Ad AU]ju YXl\jt UX GRlT\,
TYL LlTV GiLs CdhPl TVuTj GRlT\,

103 = 10 10 10
= 1000

105 = 10 10 10 10 10
= 100000
10 10 10 10 10
1000000
107 = 10 10
= 0
YdL :
108Cp 1dl \ GjR] fVeLs GRlTu\]?
1036Cp 1dl \ GjR] fVeLs GRlTu\]?
Ko GiQ YdLd h \lT CPUlPu GmT, Add YYjm
GRlT\,
GjdLhPL, 58634Cu YdLjRl uYU HRlT\,

=5
=

1 1 =1
2 =4

58634 =
50000 + 8000 + 600 + 30 + 4
10000 + 8 1000 + 6 100 + 3
10 + 4
104 + 8 103 + 6 102 + 3 10 +
54
uYm TdLpL[d LYdL:
5 5 = 25
6 6 = 36

9 9 = 81
10 10 =

3 3 =9

4 4 = 16

7 7 = 49
8 8 = 64

100
11 11 =
121
12 12 =
144

Ko GiQ AR GiQp TdmT Pdm Gi YodLm (CT) G]lT\,

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, GuTYt\ YodL GiLs Gu\m,
19

YdL :
1Ck 30 V Es[ CVp GiLu YodLeL G AYt\d LYdL, YodL GiLu JuXdLm 0,
1, 4, 5, 6 ApX 9 BV CXdLeLpRu \, 2, 3, 7, 8 BVYtp m JuXdLeL[d
Li YodL GiLs AUV,
GjdLhPL,
20, 51, 44, 35, 46, 39 Tu\Y YodL GiLs ApX,
YdL :
0, 1, 4, 5, 9 BV CXdLeLp m GiLs GpXm fNVm YodL GiL[L Cdm Gu SmUp
\U?
GjdLh 27 :
75Cu YodLjRd LiL,
o
:
75Cu YodLm

= 752

= 75 75
= 5625

uYm TdLpL[d LYdL :

1
6 6 6 = 216
1 1 =1

7 7 7 = 343
2 2 2 =8

8 8 8 = 512
3 3 3 = 27

9 9 9 = 729
4 4 4 = 64
10 10 10 =

5
5
1000
5
= 125
Jo Gi AR GiQp u \ TdLlTmT Pdm Gi AkR Giu L] Gi (lT Gi)
G]lT\,
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, BVY L] GiLs G]lTm,
GjdLh 28 :
13Cu L] Gi G?
o :
13Cu LQm = 133 = 13 13 13 =
169 13 =
GjdLh 29 :
216I Add YYjp GL,
o :
216

= 666

21
6

= 63

36
6
6

GjdLh 30 :
(A) 81 J YodL GiQ?
o :
20

(B) 125 J L] GiQ?

(A)

81

99 =

92 G]Y 81 J YodL Gi,

(B)
125
= 5 5 5 = 53
Gi,
GjdLh 31 :
5 5 7 7 4 4I Add YYjp GL,
o :
557744
GjdLh 32 :

G]Y 125 J L]

52 72 42

23 32 52Cu UlTd LiL,

o :
23 32 52
=
=

= 2223355
8 9 25
1800

YdL :
Jt\ Giu YodLm Jt\ Gi,
CWhP Giu YodLm CWhP Gi,
Jt\ Giu L]m Jt\ Gi,
CWhP Giu L]m CWhP Gi,
TL Giu YodLm (2Ij RW) Jt\ Gi,

Tt 1.6
Add YYjp GL,
(A) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (B) 10 10 10 10
(C) 8 8 8 8 8
(D) 3 9 7 5 3 7 5 5 3 9
5
2. Add YYjp GL :
(A) AU]m 6,
Ad 4
(B) AU]m 4,
Ad 7
(C) AU]m 10,
Ad 6
3. uYY]Ytu YodL Utm L] UlL[d LiL,
(A) 5
(B) 14 (C) 8 (D) 15
4. uYY]Ytu UlL[d LiL :
1.

(A) 172

(B) 212
(C) 63
(D) 123
(E) 24 32

(F) 22 52 72
(G) 105 53 (H) 107 23
5. (A) Gi 64I YodL GiQLm, L] GiQLm GL, (B) Gi 1I
YodL GiQLm, L] GiQLm GL,
]p LsL
1) Ko GiQ AR GiQp TX\ Tdd LsYRp HtTm TdLt TX]d
dm GV YYm Add YYm G]lTm,
2) Add YYjp GR, Ad AU]ju YXl\jt UX GRlT\,

3) Ko GiQ AR GiQp TdmT Pdm Gi YodLm (CT) G]lT\,

4) LKo Gi AR GiQp u \ Tdd LsmT Pdm Gi AkR Giu L]
Gi (lT Gi) G]lT\,

21

1,5 YTkRuU sToY

GiLdPVV] YTkRuU Tt Ak LiPp, GiL[ Ym YdLUXV YjL[d
LQXm,
fVjp m GiLs 10Bp YTm
GjdLhPL 10, 20, 50, 580, 2700 BV GiLs fVjp YRp GpX GiLm 10Bp
YTm,
0 ApX 5Cp m GiLs 5Bp YTm
GjdLhPL 10, 15, 35, 175, 825 (0 ApX 5Cp \) BV GiLs 5Bp YTm,
0 2 4 6, 8 BVYtp m GiLs 2Bp YTm
GjdLhPL 20, 32, 64, 76, 28 BV GiLs 2Bp YTm,
YdL :
Jo Gi 2 Utm 5Bp YTm Gp 10Bp YTm,
Ko Giu LP CWiXdL Gi 4Bp YThPp AkR Gi 4Bp YTm,
GjdLh 33 :
216, 1900, 1788 BV GiLs 4Bp YTU?
o :
216, 1900, 1788 BV JqY Gim 4Bp YTm, H]p 216Cu LP
CWiXdL Gi 16, 16 SuLp YTm, G]Y 216 SuLp YTm,
1900Cu LP CWiXdL Gi 00. fVm 4Bp YTm, G]Y 1900
SuLp YTm,
1788Cu LP CWiXdL Gi 88, 88 SuLp YTm, G]Y 1788
SuLp YTm,
GjdLh 34 :
1930 Gu\ Gi 4Bp YTU?
o :
1930Cu LP CWiXdL Gi 30, 30 SuLp YTP, G]Y 1930
SuLp YTP,
Ko Giu LP uXdL Gi 8 Bp YThPp AkR Gi 8Bp YTm,
GjdLh 35 :
78848 Gu\ Gi 8Bp YTU?
o :
78848Cu LP uXdL Gi 848. Ce 848 GhPp YTm, G]Y 78848
GhPp YTm,

22

GjdLh 36 :
23102 Gu\ Gi 8Bp YTU?
o :
23102 Cu LP uXdL Gi 102. Ce 102 GhPp YTPR GiQm, G]Y 23102
GhPp YTP,
Ko Gip CXdLeLu Rp 3Bp YThPp AkR Gi 3Bp YTm,
GjdLh 37 :
6234 Gu\ Gi 3Bp YTU?
o :
CXdLeLu Rp = 6 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 15 15
Gu\ Gi 3Bp YTm,
G]Y 6234 Gu\ Gi 3Bp YTm,
Ko Gip CXdLeLu Rp 9Bp YThPp AkR Gi 9Bp YTm,
GjdLh 38 :
7623 Gu\ Gi 9Bp YTU?
o :
CXdLeLu Rp = 7 + 6 + 2 + 3 = 18 18
Gu\ Gi 9Bp YTm,
G]Y 7623 Gu\ Gi 9Bp YTm.
YdL :
Ko Gi u\m, CWiPm YTUu 6Bp YTU?
Jo Giu CXdLeL[ Juh Ju hd Pdm CWi RLLu
jVNm 11Bp YThP,p, AkR Gi 11Bp YTm,
GjdLh 39 :
92785 Gu\ Gi 11Bp YTU?
o :
9
9 + 7 + 5 = 21

2 7

C hPpLdm CPp Es[ jVNm 11.

2 + 8 = 10
C 11Bp YTm,
92785 Gu\ Gi 11Bp YTm,
GjdLh 40 :
49853 Gu\ Gi 11Bp YTU?

23

o :
4

4 + 8 + 3 = 15
9 + 5 = 14

C hPpLdm CPp Es[ jVNm 1

C 11Bp YTP.
49853 Gu\ Gi 11Bp YTP.

Tt 1.7
1. * hP CPjp AUVdV CXdLm ApX CXdLeL[ Li,
(A) 7354 * , 10Bp YTP

(B) 275*0, 10 Bp YTP

(C) 5381*, 5Bp YTP

(D) 634*, 4Bp YTP

(E) 57*2, 4Bp YTP

(F) 6*432, 3Bp YTP

(G) 2463*, 9Bp YTP

(H) 5326*, 8Bp YTP

(J)
495*38,
11Bp YTP

(I) 4*3016, 11Bp YTP

2. Z LdLlThs[ GiLs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 BVYtp GkRkR GiL[p YTm?

LWQm RL,
(A) 4356

(B) 73520
(D) 792135

(C) 480963
(E) 202408

(E) 2004
3) (A) 4Bp YTm Gi 2Bp YTU? GjdLh RL, (B) 9Bp
YTm Gi 3Bp YTU? GjdLh RL,
4) N ApX RY GuTR GjdLhPu , (A)
4Bp YTm Gi 8Bp YTm,
(B) 2 Utm 4Bp YTm Gi 8Bp YTm
(c)

3Bp YTm Gi 9Bp YTm.

]p LsL
1) fVjp m GiLs 10Bp YTm,
2) 0 ApX 5Cp m GiLs 5Cp YTm,
3) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 BVYtp m GiLs 2Bp YTm,
4) Ko Giu LP CWiXdL Gi 4Bp YThPp, AkR Gi 4Bp YTm,
5) Jo Giu LP uXdL Gi 8Bp YThPp, AkR Gi 8Bp YTm,
6) Ko Gip CXdLeLu Rp 3Bp YThPp, AkR Gi 3Bp YTm,
7) Ko Gip CXdLeLu Rp 9Bp YThPp, AkR Gi 9Bp YTm,
8) Ko Giu CXdLeL[ Juh Ju hd Pdm CWi RLLu jVNm
11Bp YThPp, AkR Gi 11Bp YTm,

24

1,6 lT T Yjm f T UPem

1,6 (A) lT T Yj (lT T,Y,) :
CWi GiLu TY] YjLs TX CdLXm, AYtp LlTV YjV lT T Yj
(lT T,Y,) Gu\m,
GjdLh 41 :
12, 16Cu lT T,Y, LiL,
o :
\ 1 : lT T,Y, LQ
1) 12, 16Cu YjL[ GL,
2) 12, 16Cu TY] YjL[ GL,
3) lT T YjVj RokR,
12Cu YjLs
:
1, 2, 4, 8, 16

16Cu YjLs
TY] YjLs

1, 2, 4

lT T Yj

:
12

1, 2, 3, 4, 6,

\ 2 : lT T Yj LQ
1) 12, 16Cu TLd LWL[ GL,
2) TY] YjL[ YhPL,
3) YhPhP TY] YjL[l TdL,
12
16

2 2

(TLdLWlTjRp)
(TLdLWlTjRp)

Ce TY] YjLs 2 C\ Bm,

G]Y lT T,Y, = 2 2 = 4
\ 3 : d \
2 12 16

(TY] Yj 2Bp YdL)

2 6

(TY] Yj 2Bp YdL)

3,

lT T,,Y, = 2 2 = 4 (TY] YjL[l TdLd PjR),

\ 4 : RPofV] YjRp \
TV GiLd lT T,Y, LQ RPofV] YjRp \ TVuT\,
Cm\p Rp TV GiQ V GiQp YdL Yim, Pdm Vp Y GiQ YdL
Yim, fVm PdmYW Cm\Vj RPW Yim, LPVLd PjR Y GiQ
LdLlThP GiLu lT T,Y, G]lTm,

25

GjdLh 42 :
124, 648Cu lT T,Y, LiL,
o :
124) 648 (5
620
28) 124 (4
112
12) 28 (2
24
4) 12 (3
12
0
Ce LP Y Gi 4. G]Y 124, 648Cu lT T,Y, 4.
GjdLh 43 :
10, 15, 20BVYtu lT T,Y,I d\p LiL,
o :
(TY] Yj 5Bp YdL)

5 10 15 20
2 3 4
lT T,Y, = 5
GjdLh 44 :

TLdLWlTjm \p 12, 18, 60 BVYtu lT T,Y, LiL,

o :
12
18
60

=
=
=

2
3
2

Ce T YjLs 2, 3. lT
T,Y, . = 2 3 = 6.
GjdLh 45 :
J NqYL AhPu [m 12N,,. ALXm 8 N,, Ck NU A[s[ NWeL[, AhPV
QdLUp YhVdL Yim, AjRLV NWju TdL A[ Gu]YL Cdm?
o :
NqYLju [m, ALXm CYtk
lT NU A[Y] [eL[ YhP
Yim, CRtLL 12, 8 CYtu lT

T,Y, LQ Yim,
12

26

[m 12, ALXm 8 CYtu lT T,Y,

12 =
8 =

3
2

lT T,Y, = 2 2 = 4
NWju TdL A[ 4 N,,
1,6 (B) f T UPe (f T,U,) :
CWi GiLu UPeLp TY]Ytp LfV Gi f T UPe (f T,U,)
G]lTm,
f T,U, Lm \:
1) Rp Giu UPeL[ GL,
2) CWiPm Giu UPeL[ GL,
3) TY] UPeL[ GL,
4) AYts f T UPeL GL,
GjdLh 46 :
8, 12 BVYtu f T,U, LiL,
o :
8Cu UPeLs
12Cu UPeLs
T UPeLs
f T UPe : 24

: 8,
16,
, 32, 40,
: 12,
, 36, , 60,
: 24, 48, 72,

Ut\ \ (YjRp \) :
GjdLh 47 :
30, 12 CYtu f T,U, LiL,
o :
30

12

(T Yj 2)

15

(T Yj 3)

2
3
5,
2
(T YjLs CpX)
f T,U, = 2 3 5 2 =
60
GjdLh 48 :
36, 48 BVYtt lT T,Y, Utm f T,U, LiL,
o :
2 36
2
2 18 4

4
8

(TY] Yj 2)
(TY] Yj 2)

3 9

1
2

(TY] Yj 3)

3,

(TY] Yj CpX)

64
, 56, ,
, 84

2
2 3 = 12
f T,Y, =

[TY] YjL[p Uhm

B] TdLt TXu]

2
2 3 3 4 = 144.
f T,U, =
27

GjdLh 49 :
1) 8, 12Cu lT T,Y,. f T,U, BVYt\d LiL,
2) lT T,Y,. f T,U, BVYtu TdLt TXu LiL,
3) 8, 12 BVYtu TdLt TX]d LiL,
(D) CYtu PLk Gu] Li\n?
o :
(A)

8 12
4
2

2 3
lT T,Y, = 2 2 = 4
= 2 2 2 3 = 24

f T,U,

(B) lT T,Y,. f T,U, CYtu TdLt TXu = 24 4 = 96.

(C) 8, 12 BV GiLu TdLt TXu = 8 12 = 96.
(D) lT T,Y,, f T,U, BVYtu TdLt TXm LdLlThP GiLu TdLt
TXm NUUL ClTRd Li\m,
CR]p
C GiLu lT T,Y,. f T,U, BVYtu TdLt TXm,
LdLlThP C GiLu TdLt TXm NUm,
GjdLh 50 :
36, 80 BV GiLu lT T,Y, 4 Gp AYtu f T,U, LiL,
(lT T,Y,) (f T,U,) = (LjR GiLu TdLt TXu)
4 f T,U, = 36 80
f T,U,

4 f T.U.
4
f T,U,.
f T,U,

= 2880
= 2880 (C \eLm 4Bp YdL)
4
= 2880
4
= 720

GjdLh 51 :
12, 20, 32 CYtt lT T,Y,. f T,U, LiL,
o :
d \Vl TVuTjR
12 20 32
2
2

10 16
6
3

8
=
lT T,Y,
=
f T,U,

2
2 =4
2 358=
2 480

28

GjdLh 52 :
C GiLu lT T,Y, 2, f T,U, 48, J Gi 16 Gp Ut\
GiQd LiL,
C GiLu TdLt TXu =

f T,U, lT T,Y,

(J Gi) (Ut\ Gi) =

f T,U, lT T,Y,

16 (Ut\ Gi) =
=
16 (Ut\ Gi) / 16 =
Ut\ Gi =

48 2
96
96
16
6

GjdLh 53 :
3, 5 CYtu lT T,Y,. f T,U, LiL,
o :
3
1 5
3
5

3, 5 CYtu lTT,Y, = 1
3, 5Cu f T,U, = 15
YdL :
(A) C TL GiLu lT T,Y, 1 Bm

(B) C TL GiLu f T,U, Aq GiLu TdLt TXu Bm,

Tt 1.8
1
.

uYY]Ytt lT T,Y, LiL :

(A) 3 5 7,

2
.

3 7 13

(C) 18, 24

(D) 26, 32

(G) 120, 274

(H) 285, 480

(B) 2 2 2 3,
(E) 16, 32, 48

2357

(F) 15, 20, 30

uYY]Ytt f T,U, LiL :

(A) 2 3 3 3, 2 3
(B) 3 5
57
11,

25
11

(C) 8, 15

(F) 20, 30, 45

(D) 12, 20

(E) 6, 18, 24

3. 12, 16, 24 CYtu lT T,Y,,. f T,U, LiL,

4. C TL GiLu lT T,Y, Gu]? f T,U, Gu]?
5. J YLo 120 hPo, 180 hPo A[PV C YqY GiQn Yjd\o, AYt\ NU
Ls[[PV uLp Ft tL ]d\o, AqY EYdLlTm uu LlTm Ls[[
Gu]?
6. J Yls[ UQYoLs JYm TPUp 6 ApX 8 To LiP dL[Ll dLlTP,
AqYlp \kRThNm GjR] To CdL Yim?
7. 72, 252Cu lT T,Y, 36 Gp f T,U, LiL,

8. C GiLu f T,U, 1320. lT T,Y, 12. Ko Gi 132 Gp Ut\ GiQd LiL,

29

]p LsL
(1)

CWi ApX CWit UtThP GiLu TY]

YjLs LlTV Yj lT T Yj (lT
T,Y,) G]lTm,

(2)

CWi ApX CWit UtThP GiLu TY]

UPeLp LfV Gi f T UPe (f T,U,)
G]lTm,

3) C GiLu lT T,Y,. f T,U, BVYtu TdLt TXm,

LdLlThP C GiLu TdLt TXm NUm,

1,7 dLs
Sm CYW GiLu TX TiL[m hPp, LjRp, TdLp, YjRp BV Su AlTPf
NVpL[m Tjd\m, B]p 5 7, 6 10, 20 30 Tu\ LjRpL[ GiLp Gm \
Tt Sm TdLpX, CYt\d lYRtLLY GiL[ TjR YiV RY HtThs[,

AjRLV GiL[l Ttl TYRt u, GiL[j NPu dm V Lj]l TodLXm, CqY

NPu Nojd dLlTm GiL[j NViLs Gu\m,
1.7.1NViLs
1.7.2dLs Utm GiLhp dLu YN
1.7.3dLp hPm LjRm
1.7.4dLp TdLp
1.7.5dLp YjRp
1.71NViLs :
Au\P Yrp GWo Gu\ LjR Sm AdL TVuTj\m, Zd Ut, YXm
CPm, Up - r, CXTm SxPm Tu\Y GWo
GuTRt GjdLhL[m,
uYm rXVd LYdL,
West
Ut

ZdEast

TPm 1.1
TPm 1.1Cp Zd UtLLf Npm J NX LhPlThs[, C AjRjs[ CPeLd
CPp Es[ RX 1 ,, BL CdLhm,
A Gu\ s J Tk XVjRd dLhm, Ym Npm RLs, CYm Tk
XVjp C\e GWo Np Np\[oLs, ClT Np DCm, Y GCm Cd\oLs
GuTm, CRu Ts Gu]?
Np Tk XVjk ZdLL 3 ,, Nud\s, CR 3 ,, G]d lYm,
ARTp Y Tk XVjk Ut Np 2 ,, Nud\s, CR 2 ,, G]d
lTm,
30

UtLiP Lk AYoL[ RtTRV CPjRj RYLd LQ \,

RXLPu NL[d lPUp CkRp AYoL[ CPjRf NVLd LQ V,
G]Y NLPu RPoPV GiL[ NViLs Gu\m,
GjdLh 54 :

U]m
LPp UhPjd Up
2000 EVWjp T\d\, o rd
LlTp LPp 800 BZjp Np\,
CR N GiL[l TVuTj GL,
o :

2000 m

U]m T\dm EVWm 2000

ord LlTp Npm BZm
800 .
800

.2
GjdLh 55 :
U Yep NjV RL , 1000, C , 1000 G]d dLlT\, AYs Yek
mTl Tt\ RL , 400. CR AYs GqY lTs?
o :
U NjV RL , 1000 U
mTl Tt\ RL , 400.
TpY XL[d dL , , , BV Amd L[l TVuTjd\m, ARtl TXL
GWo NVpLd + , Gu\ L[ Sm TVuTjRXm,
TPm 1.1I uYU Ut GRXm :
4

+1

+2

+3

+4

TPm 1.3.
Ce B, C, D, EGuTY + 1, + 2, + 3 G]d dLlT\, Um F, G,
H, I GuTY 1, 2, 3, . G]d dLlT\,

YdL :

0+ 1, + 2, + 3, + 4, BV GiL[ L GiLs G]m,

1, 2, 3, BV GiL[ \ GiLs G]m \m,

fVm L GiQ, \ GiQ?

fVm BlsVd d\, A GkR NVm dLpX, BLY fVm L GiUpX, \
GiUpX,
31

GjdLh 56 :
LiQu Nld LQdp , 5000 Nj]o, u AYo , 1500 mTl Tt\o, CdtL[ L Gi.
\ Gi BVYt\l TVuTjd L,
o :
LiQu NjV
LiQu mTl Tt\ :

: + . 5000
, 1500

Tt 1.9
uYm tLdl TjRU] NL[ Amd h GL,
1) Nu\ YW Cp RVl TefNkRd h Gi 26 sLs EVokR, CqYWm RVl
Tef NkRd h Gi 15 sLs \kR,
2) Tk XVjk 10 ,, YPdL NpRp,
Tk XVjk 12 ,, RtL NpRp,
3) UZdLXjt u Qt o UhPm 1 hPo Z Nu\, UZdl u oUhPm 2 hPo
EVoks[,
4) LPdLWd St ,, 500 CXTm PjR, Cu AYd , 100 CZl HtThP,
5) u dp 5 R[m UX NpL, u 3 R[m \e YL,
6) UtLiP Ik tLm + , L[l TVuTj GL,
1.72dLs Utm GiLhp dLu YN :
L GiLs, fVm, \ GiLs BV YL GiLm NokR Rl
dLs G]lTm,
dL[i AUlT Z G]d l\m,
G]Y Z = { 3, 2, 1, 0, + 1, + 2, + 3, .}
+ 1, + 2, + 3, GuTY L dLs
1, 2, 3, GuTY \ dLs
l : L GiL[ + CpXUm GRXm,
GjdLhPL +5, +4, +3, +2, +1 GuTR 5, 4, 3, 2, 1BL GRXm,
dLs GiLhp uYU dLlT\,
4

TPm 1.4
TPm 1.4Cp
4

B] 2 Gu\ Git YXl\m Es[

4 > 2

B] 0 Gu\ Git YXl\m Es[

3 > 0

B] 1 Gu\ Git YXl\m Es[

0 > 1

B] 4 Gu\ Git YXl\m Es[

2 > 4

B] 5 Gu\ Git CPl\m Es[

3 < 5

B] 3 Gu\ Git CPl\m Es[

B] 2 Gu\ Git CPl\m Es[

B] 1 Gu\ Git CPl\m Es[

1 < 3
3 <
2
4 <
1

32

GiLhp YXl\m NpXf NpX Giu Ul ALd\, CPl\m NpXf NpX Giu Ul \
u\,
GjdLh 57 :
4, 2 CYts G TV?
o :
CqYiL[ GiLhp dL :

TPm 1.5
GiLhp 2 B] 4 Gu\ Gid YXl\m Es[,
2 > 4.
GjdLh 58 :
H YNp GL :
5,
2,
1, 0, 3, 4, 3
o :
CqYiL[ GiLhp dL,

TPm 1.6
ClT CqYiL[ CPl\jk YXl\UL G]p HYNp AUkR GiL[l T\Xm,
5 < 3 < 1 < 0 < 2 < 3 < 4.
HYNp 5, 3, 1, 0, 2, 3, 4 BL AUm,
GjdLh 59 :
C\e YNp GL : 4, 5, 0, 2, 3, 6.
o :
CqYiL[ GiLhp dL,
6

2 1

TPm 1.7
ClT CqYiL[ YXl\jk CPl\UL G]p C\e
YNp AUkR GiL[l T\Xm,
5 > 3 > 0 > 2 > 4 > 6.
C\e YNp 5,

3, 0, 2, 4, 6BL AUm,

YdL :
C dLp G TV GuTR GiLhu ERu Eu]p oUdL U?

33

Tt 1.10
1. uYY]YttPlThP GpX dL[m LiL :
(A) 0, 6

(B) 1, 5

(C) 3, + 2

2. CPkReLp < ApX > h WlL :

(A) 3
1
(B) 1
4
(D) 5

(E) 0

10

uYm N GiLp G T?

(A) 37, 45
(B) 28, 18
(E)
(D) 200, 318
145,
150
4. uYY]Yt\ H YNp GL,

(D) 8, 1

(C) 15

(F) 24

48

3.

(A) 3, 4, 5, 10, 7, 10, 9

5. uYY]Yt\ C\e YNp GL,
5, 2,
(A) 4, 3, 6, 8, 0, 1

(C) 0, 145
(F) 100,

(B) 4, 7,

4
2
, 0, 7, , 2, 3

(B) 100,

4
, 20, 50, 45, 65,

75

1.7.3 dLp hPm LjRm

1.7.3 (A) hPp :
GjdLh 60 :
3EPu 4Id hL,
o :
+4

+3

2 1

3
7
TPm 1.8
Rp 0Cp RPe 3 AXLs NpL, u Aek 4 AXLs YXl\ULf
Nu\p Sm APY 7.
G]Y 3 + 4 = 7.
GjdLh 61 :
2 EPu 5Id hL,
o :
5

2
1

8
0

1
TPm 1.9

Rp 2df NpL, \ Aek CPl\UL 5 AXLs Nu\p Sm

APY 7.
G]Y ( 2) + ( 5) = 7.
GjdLh 62 :
7EPu 3Id hL,
34

o :
7
3
3

TPm 1.10
Rp 7df NpL, \ Aek CPl\UL 3 AXLs Nu\p Sm APY 4.
G]Y 7 + ( 3) = 4.
GjdLh 63 :

6EPu 4Id hL,

o :
6
+4
8

O1

TPm 1.11
TPjk ( 6) + 4 = 2.
GjdLh 64 :
3EPu 3Id hL,
o :
3
+4
4

+3
1

TPm 1.12
TPjk 3 + ( 3) = 0.
X NUVeLp J \ GiQm J L GiQm hmT fVm Pd\, AqY\p
AqYiLs JudLu hPp RXLs Gu AZdLlTu\],
Ce 3, 3 JudLu RXLs,
ARTp 4, 4 ; 5, 5 ; 6, 6 GuTY hPp RXLd
GjdLhL[m,
YdL :
1) GiLhp, GjdLhLs (60) Utm (63)Cp X AXLs YXl\m Np\m,
GjdLhLs (61) Utm (62)Cp X AXLs CPl\m Np\m, Hu?
2) UtLiP GjdLhLk, J L GiQm, J \ GiQm hPd PlT J
L Gi ApX J \ Gi ApX fVm Bm,
G]Y dLu hPp NVd uYm GV Y TVuTjRlT\,

35

J L GiQm J \ GiQm hP, ]d LRUp, TV

Gik V GiQd Ljl u TV GidV V CL,
ClT dLs GiLp GiLhPl TVuTjRUp hPXf NnYm,
GjdLh 65 : hL : 10 + ( 12)
o :
10, 12 CYts TV Gi 12
CYtt CPlThP jVNm (12 10) = 2
TV GidV
10 + ( 12) = 2
GjdLh 66 :
hL : (A) ( 3) + 8
(B) ( 9) + 6
o :
(A) 3, 8 CYts TV Gi 8.
CYtt CPlThP jVNm 5.
TV GidV +.
3 + 8 =
=
(B) 9, 6 CYts TV Gi 9.
CYtt CPlThP jVNm 3.
TV GidV .
9 + 6 =
(C) 7, 2 CYts TV Gi 7.
CYtt CPlThP jVNm 5.
TV GidV +.
7 + ( 2) =
=
(D) 3, 5 CYts TV Gi 5.
CYtd CPlThP jVNm 2.
TV GidV .
3 + ( 5) =

(C) 7 + ( 2)

(D) 3 + (
5)

+5
5 (Hu)

+5
5

CYW C dLp
(A) CWim LVL CdmT
(B) Ju L, Ut\u \ BL CdmT Rp LiT GlT GuTRl TojRm,
ClT C dLs GiLU \VL CdmT Rp LiTRt GV YVd LiTm,
T 1 : Vd LRUp C GiL[m hL, T 2 :
hV Pd u CL,
GjdLh 67 :
5Im 3Im hL,

36

o :
T 1 : 5 + 3 = 8
T 2 : 8
G]Y 5 + ( 3) = 8

1.7.4 (B) LjRp:

GiLp hPm LjRm GWof NVpLs GuTRd Lt\m, Um JqY LjRp
ttm J hPp t Ei GuTRm Sm LtkRm,
8 2 = GuTRt hPp t 8 = + 2 G] G\m, CRu Ts 8 PlTRt 2 EPu GRd hP
Yim GuTRm, CRu P 6 GuTR Sm AYm,
GjdLh 68 :
7Ck 3Id LdL,
o :
7Ck 3Id LdL, 3EPu GRd h]p 7 Pdm G]d LQ Yim, CRu P 4 GuT
RY\,
GjdLh 69 :
8Ck 2Id LdL,
o :
8Ck 2Id LdL, 2EPu GRd h]p 8 Pdm GuTRd LQ Yim, CR
GiLhu XULf NnYm,

6 5

4 3 2 1 O

10

11

12

13 14

TPm 1.13
TPjp 2Ck 8V 10 AXLs Es[R Sm Li\m,.
8 ( 2) = 10
B]p 8 + (+ 2) = 10 GuTR Sm AYm,
G]Y 8Ck ( 2)Id LdL, 8EPu ( 2)Cu hPp RXVd hYR TU]Rm,
CRVh uYm GV Y LjRpL[f NnVl TVuT\,
J dL[ik Ut\ dL[iQd
LdL,
CWiPY
dL[iu
hPp
RXVd hY TU]Rm,
ClT ZCp LjRpL[ GiLL[l TVuTjRUp NnYm,
GjdLh 70 :
LdL : (A) 10Ck 4

(b) 5Ck 3

37

o :
(A) 10 ( 4)

= 10 + ( 4Cu hPp RX)

= 10 + 4
= 6

(B)

5 (3) = 5 + (3Cu hPp RX)

= 5 + ( 3)
= 53

= 8

Tt 1.11
1. GiLhPl TVuTj hL :

2.

(A) 5 + 3

(B) ( 3) + 7

(E) 4 + ( 4)

(F) 0 + ( 3)

(C) 6 + ( 4)

(D) ( 3) + (
4)

uYm TPeLp LQlTm hPp ApX LjRp tL[ GL,

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D
)

(E
)

(F)

3. GiLhPl TVuTjRUp hL :
(A) 11 + ( 7)
(D) ( 250) + (+ 150)

(B) ( 13) + 8
(E) (+ 380) + ( 273)

(C) ( 15) + ( 18)

(F) 0 + ( 36)

38

4. LdL :
(A) 35 ( 20)

(B) ( 15) ( 45)

(C) 28 ( 12)

(D) 67 ( 67)

(E) 73 ( 38)

(F) 850 ( 350)

YdL :
+ Gu\ m Gu\ m TpY XLp TVuTjRlThs[], (A) + Gu\ GqY
TpY Rjp TVuTjRlT\?
1) L Gu\ RuUVd dL,
2) hPp Gu\ NVXd dLl TVuTjRlT\,
(B) Gu\ GqY TpY Rjp TVuTjRlT\?
(1) \ Gi RuUVd dL,
(2) LjRp Gu\ NVXd dLl TVuTjRlT\,
1.74dLu TdLp :
TdLp GuT RPofVLd hYRtf NUm GuTR Sm AYm,
GjdLh 71 :
TdL : (A) 2I 3Bp

(B) ( 2)I 3Bp

o :
RPofV] hPp \p uYY]Yt\l T\m :
(A)
(B)

2 3
( 2)
3

2 + 2 + 2 = 6.

( 2) + ( 2) +

( 2) =
6

CYt\ GiLL[l TVuTjf NTolTm,

6
1

O
1

TPm 1.14
(+ 2) 3 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6

TPm 1.15
( 2) 3 = ( 2) + ( 2) + ( 2) =
6
UtLiP GjdLhLk
(A) C L dL[iL[l TdLd PlT L dL[i,
(B) \ dL[iQm, L dL[iQm TdLd PlT \ dL[i
GuTRd Li\m,
Gi LLp 2 3, ( 2) 3 BVYtu TdLt TX]d LiPm, B]p
2 ( 3), ( 2) ( 3) BVYtu TdLt TX] GiLL[l TVuTjd LQ CVX,

39

ClT uYm TdLp AUl]d LYdL,

(+ 3) (+ 3) =
(+ 3) (+ 2) =

+ 6

(+ 3) (+ 1) =

+ 3

(+ 3)

(0) =

+ 9

Gu] LioLs? UtLiP TdLp AUlLp NUdhd CPl\m Rp Es[ Gi AR Gi,

CWiPYRL Es[ Gi JqYu\Ld \k LiP Y\, YX\m Es[ TdLt TXu u u\Ld
\k LiP Y\,
CqYUlTj RPok hjRp uYm TdLp tL[l T\Xm,

(+ 3) (
= 3
1)

(+ 3) ( 2) = 6

(+ 3) ( 3) = 9
CYtk J L GiQd \ViQp Td]p PlT \Vi GuTRd Li\m,
ClT (+ 3) ( 3) = 9 GuTR Gjd LsL, CPl\jp CWiPY GiQ AR
GiQLm Rp GiQ JqYu\Lm \dL, uYm TdLp AUlTl T\m,
(+ 3) ( 3) =
(+ 2) ( 3) = 6
(+ 1) ( 3) = 3
(
3) = 0
0

YXl\m GiLs u u\L ALlTRd Li\m,

CqYUlTj RPW
(
3) = + 3
( 1)
(
3) = + 6
( 2)
( 3) ( 3) = + 9 G]d Li\m,
CYtk C \ dL[iL[l TdLd PlT L dL[i B\,
G]Y dL[iLu TdLp L[l uYU \m,
C L dL[iLu
dL[iQm,

TdLt

TXu

J L dL[iQm J \ dL[iQm
TdLd PlT J \ dL[iQm,
C \ dL[iLu
dL[iQm,

TdLt

TXu

CR uYUm GRXm :
L Gi L Gi = L Gi

L Gi \ Gi = \ Gi
\ Gi L Gi = \ Gi
\ Gi \ Gi = L Gi
40

GjdLh 72 :
TdLt TXu LiL :
(A) (+ 6) ( 5)

(B) ( 12) (+ 12)

(C) ( 15) ( 4)

o :
(+ 6) ( 5) =

(A)

30

(L Gi \ Gi = \ Gi)

(B)( 12) (+ 12)

144

(\ Gi L Gi = \ Gi)

(C)( 15) ( 4)

+ 60

(\ Gi \ Gi = L Gi)

GjdLh 73 :
TdLt TXu LiL :
(A) ( 3) (+ 5) (+ 2)
o :

(B) ( 2) ( 5) (+ 10)

(A) ( 3) (+ 5) (+ 2)
= ( 15) (+ 2)

(C) ( 4) ( 2) ( 6)

(B) ( 2) ( 5) (+
10)
= (+ 10) (+
10)

= 30

(C) ( 4) ( 2) (
6)
= (+ 8) ( 6)

= + 100

= 48

Tt 1.12
1.
2.
3.

TdLt TXu LiL :

(A) (+ 5) ( 3)

(B) 20 ( 8)

(C) 11 ( 7)

(D) 0 ( 13)

TdLt TXu LiL :

(A) ( 6) 8

(B) ( 13) 6

(C) ( 15) 6

(D) ( 7) 9

(B) ( 8) ( 4)

(C) ( 25) (
4)

(D) ( 17) (
17)

TdLt TXu LiL :

(A) ( 15) ( 4)

4.

5.

TdLt TXu LiL :

(A) ( 3) ( 5) (+
4)

(B) ( 12) ( 5) ( 10)

(C) 8 ( 7) (+
12)

(D) ( 4) (0) ( 28)

(E) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)

(F) 14 ( 2) ( 2)

rdLiP TdLp AhPYQV WlL:

X

2
1
01
2

6. J ]] Lrfp 50 ]dLs JqYYPm LhLlThP], NV] Pd 2

UlTiLm. RY\] Pd 1 UlTim, PVdLUp Clu 0 UlTim
YZeLlThP], AkLrfVp Nm
39 ]dLd NV] Pm, 6 ]dLd RY\] Pm AjRu,

]dLd PVdLpX Gp Nm Tt\ UlTiLs GqY[?

41

1.7.5 dLp YjRp :

JqY TdLdm C YjRp tL[l T\Xm GuTR Sm uT
20
20
Tjd\m, GjdLhPL 5 4 = 20 GuT 5
= 4 Utm 4 = 5 Gum C
YjRp tL[j Rm,
ClT uYm GjdLhL[d LYdL,
GjdLh 74 :
+ 21I + 7Bp YdL,
o :
(+ 7) (+ 3) = + 21 GuTR Sm AYm, ClTdLdj RPoPV C
+ 21
+ 21
YjRp tLs + 7

= + 3 Utm + 3

= + 7 Bm,

+ 21 = + 3
G]Y + 7
GjdLh 75 :
o :

(+ 30)I ( 6)Bp YdL,

( 6) ( 5) = + 30 GuTR Sm AYm, ClTdLdj RPoPV C

+ 30
+ 30
YjRp tLs 6
= 5 Utm 5 = 6 Bm,
+ 30 = 5.
G]Y 6
GjdLh 76 :
o :

( 15)I (+ 3)Bp YdL,

15

0+3 = 5 [H]p (+ 3) ( 5) = 15]

GjdLh 77 :
( 35)I 7Bp YdL,
o :
35

= +5
L Gi = L Gi

H]p ( 7) (+ 5) = ( 35)
7
UtLiP GjdLhLs 74, 75, 76, 77 BVYtk

L Gi

L Gi

= \ Gi

\ Gi

\ Gi
L Gi

\ Gi
\ Gi
GjdLh 78 :
YdL :
(A) (+ 200)
o :
+ 200

= \ Gi
= L Gi
(+ 25) (B) ( 144) (+ 12)
144

(
(C) ( 75) ( 15) (D) (+ 96) 8)
75
+ 96

(A) + 25

= +8

(B) + 12

= 12
42

(C) 15 = + 5

(D) 8

=
12

 d L:

GjdLh 79 :
o :

()
A

( 32) ( 2) (B) ( 45) ( 2)2

( 8)

( 32) ( 2)

(A)

+ 64 = 8

( 45) ( 2) ( 2)
( 3) (
3)

( 8)

( 45) ( 2)2

(B)

( 3)

( 3)

=
=

( 45) (+
4)
(+ 9)
20

180
=

+9

Tt 1.13
1.

2.

YdL :
(A) (+ 100) (+ 25)
(B) (+ 18) (+ 18)

(F) ( 91)
7
(J) 350 ( 70)

(E) ( 156)
12
(I) ( 84) (+ 42)
LPeL[ WlL :
(A) ( 18) (
3)

(C) 28
(G) (
108)

(
4)
(
6)

(D) 441 ( 21)

(H) ( 77) (
11)

(B) ( 20) (+ 10) =

=

3.

(C) (28)

= 4(D) 84

(E) ( 56)

=
8

=
7
(F) ( 169)

= 13

dL :

(A)

( 4 ) (

8)

(B)

( 3 ) (

12)
(+ 16)

( C)

( 2) (+

12)
( 9)

(+ 4) ( 6)

(D )

( 2)

3 2

( 4)

]p LsL
1) L GiLs, \ GiLs Utm fVm AUlT dL[m,
Z = { 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, }
2) J L GiQm, J \ GiQm hP, ]d LRUp, TV Gik
V GiQd Ljl u TV GidV V CPYim,
3) J dL[ik Ut\ dL[iQd LdL CWiPY dL[iu hPp
RXVd hY TU]Rm,
4) (A) C L dL[iLu TdLt TXu J L dL[iQm,
(B) J L dL[iQm, J \ dL[iQm TdLd PlT J \
dL[iQm,
(C) C \ dL[iLu TdLt TXu J L dL[iQm,

5) L Gi = L Gi L Gi

= \ Gi \
\ Gi = \ Gi L
Gi
\ Gi = L Gi
\ Gi
L Gi
Gi

43

1,8 u]eLs
u] GiL[l Tt kRV YlLp Tjd\m, u]eLs TtV X YWeL[ ClT
]oYm,
1.81u]eLs - sToY
1.82u]eLp hPm LjRm
1.83u]eLp TdLm YjRm
1,8,1 u]eLs sToY :
u]m GuT lTp J Te ApX TX TeL[m,
uYm TPeL[l TodL JqYum ZPlThP TLs lTp Gu] u]m GuTRd
lL,

(i)

(ii)
(B)

(A)

(iii)
(C)
2

TPm (A)Cp 4Cp 2 Te ZPlThs[, CR 4 G]d d\m, Ce 2

GuT R G]m 4 GuT T G]m AZdLlT\, TPm (Bi) 14

Gu\ u]jRd d\,
TPm (C) 35 Gu\ u]jRd d\,.
J u]jp R, TV Pl VRL CkRp Alu]m Ru]m G]lTm,
2

19

7 , 4 , 8 , 37 GuTY R u]eLd GjdLhL[m,

Ko CVp Gim R u]m LXk AUm u] Gi LXl u]m
G]lTm,
1
4
7 0
28
3 , 2 , 4 ,
YdL :

5 GuTY LXl u] GiLd GjdLhL[m,

J R u]m GlTm 1I Pd \, RNU

u]m GlTm 1I P ALm,
Jo CVp Gim R u]m LXk AUm u] Gi LXl u]m G]lTm,
1

2 2 , 3 4 , 10 4 , 4 7 GuTY LXl u] GiLd GjdLhL[m,

GjdLh 80 :
RL u]m 195I LXl u] GiQL Ut :

44

o :
Rp 195Cu D, Vd LidL,
ARY
5

19
15
4

19
= D +

19

5
GjdLh 81 :

= 3 + 5

Y Gi
19

ARY 5 = 3 5

LXl u]m 4 35I RL u]UL Ut,

o :

34 5 + 3

20 + 3

23

45
=
= 5
5
5
=
TLs JW GiQd LikRp AY K] u]eLs G]lTm,
1
2 5 8
10
7 , 7 , 7 , 7 , 7 GuTY K] u]eLs,
TLs YqY GiL[d LikRp AY Yt] u]eLs
G]lTm,
1
3
5 6 3
20
1
4 , 8 , 7 , 4 ,
GuTY Yt] u]eLs,
JW u]jRl TX YLp [dLXm,

11

(a)

(A)

(B)(b)

(C)(c)
TPm 1.17

TPm (A) 12 T ZPlThs[,

TPm (B) 24

T ZPlThs[,

TPm (C) 48

T ZPlThs[,

TPm (D)Cp 168 T ZPlThs[,

(d
)

(D)

GpX TPeLm ZPlThs[ T NUUm,

G]Y 12
45

= 24

= 48

= 168 .

CYt\ NU] u]eLs Gu\m,

CWi ApX ARtm ALU] u]eLs JW UlTl TtkRp AYt\ NU] u]eLs Gu\
AZd\m,
l :
J u]ju R, TL[ JW GiQp Td]m, YjRm u]ju Ul U\,
GjdLh 82 :
5

C u N U ] u ]e L s H R m u ]d L ,

12

o :

5
1
2
5
1
2
5
1
2
5
GjdLh 83 :
120

280

= 5 2
12
2
5
=
4
12
4
5
=
7
12
7

= 10
24
= 20
48
= 35
84
10

20

35

C u X N U ] u2]e
4 , L48s ,

12

84.

G u T R dV Y p G L,

o :

120

2 23
10

280

227
10 = 7 (RVm, TVm \V 2, 2, 10Bp YdL)
GjdLh 84 :
85

175

G u T R d V Y p G L ,

o :

5 85 175
35
17

85, 175

85

5 17

CYtu lT T,Y, 5.
17

= 3 5 = 35 .
G]Y 175
l : J u]jR dV Yp Utj RVm TVm AYt]s LWL[p
RPok YdL Yim ApX AYtu lT T,Y,Bp J\ YdL Yim,
GjdLh 85 :

57 , 67 CYts G T?
o :
J] u]eLp R TR]p Alu]U TRm, G]Y 67 TV u]Um,

46

GjdLh 86 :

25 , 37 CYts G T?
o :
CeL u]eLu TV K]Udl u JlL, TLs 5 , 7
CYtu f T,U, 35.
ClT 2 = 2 7 = 14
57
5
35
3 = 3 5 = 15
75
7
35
15 14 TV u]m,
35 35
3
2
G]Y 7 Gu\ u]m 5 I P TV,.

l :

CWi ApX ARtm ALU] Yt] u]eL[ JlmT, GpX u]eL[m J]

u]eL[dl u Glu]jp R TRL Cd\R Alu]U Ut\Yt\P TV u]m
Gu\m,
ARtl uYm \Vl TVuTj\m,
1) TLu f T,U, LiL,
2) f T,U,Yl Tj u]eL[ TY] TL[dL,
3) AYts TV RVl Tt\ u]m TV u]m,

GjdLh 87 :
J Ylp 35 To Es[]o, AYoLp 20 To UQYVo, Yls[ UQYu GidL. UQVu
GidL BVYt\ u]jp ,
Yls[Yo GidL = 35
o :
UQVo GidL = 20
UQYo GidL = 15
5
Yls[ UQYo GidL u]jp = 15
3
3

5 =7
35 =

Yls[ UQVo GidL u]jp = 20

4 5 4

35 = 7 5 = 7
GjdLh 88 :
]Ym u]eL[ H YNm C\e YNm GL:
2
3
5
1
3 , 4 , 6 , 4
o :
2
3
5
1
f T,U,Il TVLd Li 3 ,
4 ,
6 , 4 BVYtu NU]
u]eL[d LiL,
f T,U, = 12
3 4 6 4
3
1 4 2 4
2
3 2 2 = 12
1 2 1 2

2
1 1 1 1
47

3
3

4
5
6
1

=
=

8
3
3

4 = 12
3

12
12

=
4
5
2
10
6 2 =
1
3
3

4
=
CYt\ HYNp.

12
8

12 1 2

10

, 12 G] GRXm,

1
2
1
4

, 3 , 4

, 6

AR Tp 6

GuTY HYNp AUkRY,

1
, 4 GuTY C\e YNp AUkR u]eL[m,
Tt 1.14

, 4 , 3

1. uYm TPeLs JqYum ZPlThP TLs lTLp Gu] u]m?

(A)

(B) (C) (D)

(d
)
(D
)
2. uYm RL u]eL[ LXl u]eL[dL :
2
10
5
138

(e)
(E)
100
(D
)

(A) 3
(C) 11
(B) 4
3. uYm LXl u]eL[ RL u]eL[dL :
(A) 3 2
8
1
(B) 2 12
5
4. CPkReL[ WlL :
2
2
0
(A) 5 =

10

(B)

(C) 14 3
2
= 1

(D) 13 9

13
(C) 16

39
=

21
(D
) 4 = 28

(E) 5 =

1 0=

5.
uY
Y]Ytt
HR
m u
NU]
u]eL
[j
RL :

(E) 2358

(E) 25

3
4

3
(A) 4
48

(B) 6

1
(C) 5

2
(D) 7

6. uYm u]eL[ dV Yt UtL,

3
6
60
144
(A) 48
(B) 48
7. HYNp GL :
2
3 11
7
,

432

(C) 180

(D) 576

15 20

,
(A) 3 , 4
8. C\eL YNp GL,
2
8 1
3

(B) 10 , 15
5

12

,8

,
,

(A) 5

1 1,

2 ,

(B) 6

5 , 3

1
0
9. J Pp 150 TZeLs Cdu\], AYts 25 TZeLs Lh hP], UjRjp SpX TZeLu
GidL u]jp Gu]YL Cdm?
10. T LRjp Rp Rop 20d 18 UlTiLs Tt\s, CWiPm Rop 50d 41 UlTiLs
Tt\p Gp GjRop AYs \lTLf Nnd\s?
1,8,2 u]eLp hPm LjRm :
1,8,2 (A) u]eLp hPp:
JW Ts[ u]eL[d hP, AYtu RL[d hj RVLm, TV AR
TVLm GR Yim,
GjdLh 89 :
2
3
hL :
o :

(A) 9 + 9

(A)
(B)

(B) 7 + 7 + 7

+ 9

2 +3
=

= 9
9
+3+
12

= 7
7+ 7 + 7 =
7
u]eLu TLs YTmT hYRt uYm \Vl TVuTj\m :
(A) u]eLu TLd f T,U, LiL,
(B) f T,U,Y TVLd Li GpX u]eL[m NU] u]UdL,
(C) f T,U,Y TY] TVLd Li, RL[d hL,
7
11

12

GjdLh 90 : hL : 8 +
o : 8, 12 CYtu f T,U, 24
7

73

21

8
11
12
7

+
8
49

11

12

8
=
= 3
11
2
22
12
=
= 2
2
21
2
43

24

24

24 +
= 24

19

2 4 = 12 4

GjdLh 91 :
1
1
Y Rp Ss 2 2 ,, SPkRs, AjR Ss 3 4 ,, SPkRs, Cq
ShLm AYs SPkR UjR RX GqY[?
o :
1
RpSs Y SPkR RX = 2 2 ,,
1
3
CWiPm Ss Y SPkR RX =

,,

1
Y SPkR UjR RX = 2 2 + 3 4 (2, 4Cu f T,U, 4)
5
13 5 2
13
= 2 + 4 =
= 10 + 13
4
4

22

= 23
4
3
= 54
C ShLm Y SPkR UjR RX 5 34 ,,
1,8,2 (B) u]eLp LjRp :
JW Ts[ u]eL[d LdL, AYtu RL[d Ljj RVLm TV AR
TVLm GR Yim,
u]eLu TLs YTmT LlTRt uYm \Vl TVuTj\m,
1) u]eLu TLd f T,U, LiL,
2) f T,U,Yl TVLd Li GpX u]eL[m NU] u]UdV u LdL,
GjdLh 92 :
7
4
Ck 15 Id LdL

1
5
o :

1
5
GjdLh 93 :
13

24

o :

74
=

15

15 = 5

1
5

Ck 12Id LdL
12, 24 CYtu f T,U, 24.
5 2
5

10
=

24

13
24

1
2

12
2

1
13
0

24
= 24

1
2

GjdLh 94 :
7
LdL : 10
50

15

24 = 8

o :
10, 15Cu f T,U, 30.
7
8
7 3

15

82

15 2

10
3

1
0

1
6

= 21

30

30
21 16

GjdLh 95 :

5
o :

30
=
= 1
6
3

30

Ck 7 L

4
7

5
= 7

3
5

7
(5, 7 CYtu f T,U, 35)

5
1
5

= 28

35

35
13

35
GjdLh 96 :

35 28

o :

35

28 =

=
=

1
17
9
5 8
17
8
19 5
5
8
85
136
95
4

0
41
40
1

(5, 8 CYtu f T,U, 40)

40

=
GjdLh 97 :

40
1

dL : 3

o :
1

+ 22

1
16

1
=

3
=

+ 2 2 16
5

+ 2
12

7
1

53

32

+23 6

(3, 2, 6 CYtu f T,U, is 6)

1
5

6
=

2 + 15

7
6
10

=
51

5
= 3

2
= 1 3 (GlT)

Tt 1.15
1. hL :
5

11

1
8

17

13

11

1 6 (B) 15

(A) 16 +
2. hL :
1
3
(A) 2

+ 15 +

+ 4

15

(C) 20 +

(B) 5 + 9

20

(D) 17 +

(C) 9 +

17 + 17 17

11

13

(D) 12 +

14

1
8

3. hL :
1

(A) 2 4 + 1 4
1
1

(D) 2 3 + 4 4 + 1 3
4. LdL :
1

(B) 2 9
5

+33
5

14

(C) 3 5 + 2 25

(E) 3 6 + 2 12 + 5 18

(A) 8 Ck 8
5. dL :
1
1

2
4

13

(B) 16 Ck 16
1

(D) 25

17

17

25

(E) 33 33

(D)
(A) 2 4
6. dL :
1

(B) 4

(C) 5 3

(A) 1 2
2

+ 4

(F) 4 5
5

(B) 3 1 2
2

(E) 5 3 2 3
7. dL :
2
1
5
(A) 3

10

(C) 5 3 4

(D) 4 4 3 2

24
3

(B) 8 + 4

13

24

(C) 2 4 + 1 2

3
24

(D) 3 4 + 5

1,8,3 u]eLp TdLm YjRm :

1,8,3 (A) u]eLp TdLp :
ClT J u] GiQ GiQp Tdm \V GiLhp TodLXm,

1
0
8

4
8

2
8

3
8
1

6
8

TPm 1.18
1
1
1

5
8

1
8

Ce 5 8 = 8 + 8 + 8 + 8
= 5

+ 8

7
8

8
8

1
2 10

8
CR UlT uYm \ Xm APVXm,
51
1
5
1
5
58 = 1
52

8 =18

= 8

G]Y C u]eL[l TdmT Ru TdLtTX]j RVLm TLu

TdLtTX]l TVLm LiP u]jR AUdL Yim, \ dV YYjt Ut\ Yim,
GjdLh 98 :

35 , 86

CYt\l TdL,

o :
3

8
5

3 8
6
=

24
30

5
6
= 4
5
GjdLh 99 :
1
1
3 2 , 4 7 CYt\l Td,
o :
1

29

29

47

= 2 7
1

32

= 2

= 14 2

GjdLh 100 :
TdLtTXu LiL :

(A) 2

6 3

5,4

(B) 7 , 8

o :
2

2
3

5
= 4
= 3
1
0

(A)

6
(B)

6
3

= 7 8

= 20

18
= 56
= 9
28

GjdLh 101 :
3
TdLtTXu LiL : (A) 1 4 , 7
o :
3
4

(A)

1
5

(B) 22 , 4 5

= 4 7
5

= 1
22

45

=
2
2
2
2
C u] GiLu TdLt TXu 1
7
JudLu RX Bm,. 4 GuT 7
RX.

(B)

l :

YdL :
1) 1Cu RX 1
2) fVjt RX CpX,
53

= 1

B]p Aq u] GiLs
22
5
Cu RX, 5
GuT 22Cu

GjdLh 102 :
uYY]Ytu TdLp RXL[d LiL,
3
o :

(A) 5

(B) 5 7

(A) 35Cu RX 53 , H]p 35 53 = 1. (B) 5 37

Cu RX 387

387Cu RX 387 .
1,8,3 (B) u]eLp YjRp :
J u]jRm Ut\ u]jRp YdL, uYm \p NnL,
1) CWiPY u]ju RXVd LiL,
2) Rp u]jRm CWiPY u]ju RXVm TdL,
3
GjdLh 103 :
5 5
(A) 8I 7 Bp Y(B) 6I 9 Bp Y

o :

5
(A)
8

=
8
5
= 8
= 7
8

Cu RX

3
6

(B)

3
=

Cu RX

24
= 3

=
1

= 8
GjdLh 104 :
6
3
2 11I 1 11 Bp Y,
o :

11

1 11

2
8
1
= 1
2
8
=
1
1
2
= .

1
4
11
1
1

14

14

11

11 Cu RX 14

GjdLh 105 :
JYo 42 ,, RXY 4 23 Up LPd\o Gp 1 Up AYo Npm RX GqY[?

54

2
o : 4 3 Up JYo LPdm RX 42 ,,

1 Up AYo Npm RX 42 4 3

,,
42

14

1
42

14

= 1
= 9
J Up AmURo LPdm RX 9 ,,

126
14 .

Tt 1.16
1. Tdf dL,
3
7

(A) 14 10
1
(E) 2

12

(10)
9

(B) 8

(I) 18 10 6
2. Yjf dL,
2
5
5

(A) 3

(F) 10 3

(B) 6

(F) 7 2
1

5
(C) 21 7
5
1

2
1

(G) 2 8 1 2
5

3
1

(J) 4 2 1 3

22

(D) 11
5

39

(H) 5 9 7 5

6
10

11
5

(C) 10

6
1

(G) (5) 6

(H) 21 1 2

(D) 22 33
16
(I) 21 8

(E) 7

5
3

1
4

(J) 15 4

3. J RVpLWo 19 15 hPo Yjd\o, ARd Li 16 V NhPL[j RVdL

YiUu JqY NhPdm RYV] u A[ GqY[?
4. J X Clu X , 85 Gp 2 14 X Clu X Gu]?
5. J Ltu [m 16 23 hPo, AdL 10 NUiL[L YhPlT\ Gp J iu [m
Gu]?
6. JYo RuPs[ , 802 12 I R] u ULuLdf NUULl Tehj R\o Gp JqY
ULm Tm RL GqY[?
7. C GiLu TdLt TXu 11 13

AYtp Ko Gi 4 14 Gp Ut\

GiQd LiL,
]p LsL

1) u]m GuT lTp J Te ApX TX TeL[m,

2) J u]jp R, TV Pf VRL CkRp Alu]m Ru]m G]lTm,
3) J u]jp R, TV Pl TVRL CkRp Alu]m RLu]m G]lTm,
4) Ko CVp Gim R u]m LXk AUm u] Gi LXl u]m G]lTm,
5) TLs JW GiQd LikRp AY K] u]eLs G]lTm,
55

6) TLs YY GiL[d LikRp AY Yt] u]eLs G]lTm,

7) CWi ApX ARtm ALU] u]eLs JW UlTl TtkRp AY NU] u]eLs
G]lTm,
8) J u]ju R Utm TL[ JW GiQp Td]m, YjRm u]ju Ul
U\,
9) Yt] u]eL[ K] u]eL[dL uYm \Vl TVuTj\m,
(A) TLu f T,U, LiL,
(B) f T,U,Yl Tj u]eL[ TY] TL[dL, (NU] u]UdL),
10) CWi ApX ARtm ALU] Yt] u]eL[ JlmT, GpX u]eL[m K]
u]eL[dl u Glu]jp R TRL Cd\R Alu]U Ut\Yt\ P TV
u]m Gu\m,
11) K] u]eL[d hP, AYtu RL[d hj RVLm, TV AR TVLm
GR Yim,
12) Yt] u]eL[d hYRt uYm \Vl TVuTj\m,
(A) u]eLu TLd f T,U, LiL,
(B) f T,U,Yl TVLd Li GpXl u]eL[m NU] u]UdL,
(C) f T,U,Yl TY] TVLd Li, RL[d hL,
(13) K] u]eL[d LdL, AYtu RL[d Ljj RVLm, TV AR TVLm
GR Yim,
(14) Yt] u]eL[d LlTRtl uYm \Vl TVuTj\m,
(A) u]eLu TLd f T,U, LiL,
(B) f T,U,Yl TVLd Li GpX u]eL[m NU] u]UdV u LdL
Yim,
(15) C u]eL[l TdmT RLu TdLtTX]j RVLm TLu TdLt
TX]l TVLm LiP u]jR AUdL Yim, \ dV YYjp GR Yim,
(16) J u]jR Ut\ u]jRp YdL, Rp u]jPu CWiPY u]ju RXVl
TdL Yim,

1,9 RNU GiLs

1.91RNU u]eLs
1.92RNU u]eLp Su AlTPf NVpLs
1,9,1 RNU u]eLs : RNU
\ - sToY :
u]eL[l Tt u YlLp Ltd\m, ClT u]eLu TLs 10,100,1000... BL Cdm
RYL u]eL[l Ttd LtL Cd\m, Clu]eLs 10Cu Adp ClTRp CYt\j RNU u]eLs
Gu\m,

56

101I Tjp Ju Gu\m, CR 0.1 G]d d\m,

1001 I tp Ju Gu\m, CR 0.01 G]d d\m,
10001I BWjp Ju Gu\m, CR 0.001 G]d l\m,
RNU GiL[ CPUl YYjp GRp :
Sm Gi \ AUlT] 10I AU]ULd Li EYdLlT\,
Ko Giu CPUl Tju AdL[L YXl\jk CPl\UL EVok LiP Np\,
CPl\jk YXl\UL CPUl L\k LiP Np\,
Cm\p RNU GiLu CPUl AUYR Ce LiTm,
GjdLh 106 :
2843.654 Gu\ GiQ CPUl AhPYQm YLd h \m LidL,
o :
Tjp
BWeLs

BWjp

JuL
Ls

JuLs

TjLs

JuLs
s

JuLs
1
1

10

10

10

10

10

10

2
8
4
3
6
CqYiQ
CWiPWj Git StTj u s B Ik Su Gu TdL
Yim,

CqYiQ YLd hp uYU GRXm,

= 2 1000 + 8 100 + 4 10 + 3
2843.654 1
1
1
1

+ 4
+ 6 10

1000

+ 5 100

= 2 103 + 8 102 + 4 101 + 3 1 + 6 101 + 5 102 + 4

2843.654 103
l : RNUsd CPl\m ClTY GiLs, RNU sd YXl\m ClTY RNU u]eLs,
RNU GiL[ GiLhp jRp :
GiL[ GiLhp lTR Sm AYm, ARTp RNU u] GiL[m GiLhp
dLXm,
0.3, 0.5, 0.8 BVYt\ GiLhp dL,
GjdLh 107 :

o :
P
0
0
10

.1
1
10

.2
2
10

.3
3
10

Q
.4
4
10

.5
5
10
TPm 1.20

57

R
.6
6
10

.7
7
10

.8
8
10

.9
9
10

1
10
10

0Ck 1 YWs[ GiLhl TV 10 NUTLeL[Ll dL.

TPjp P Gu\ s 0.3, Q Gu\ s 0.5, R Gu\ s 0.8 Gu\ RNU u]eL[d dm,
u]eL[ RNU u]eL[L UtRp :
u]eL[ RNU u]eL[L UtYRt u Y\L[l TVuTj\m,
\ 1 :
J u] Giu T 10 ApX 10Cu AdL[L CkRp. uYU RNU u]UL
Ut\lT\,
3
37
376
3768
,

100

1
0
3

1000

100
0
37
= 0.3 ; 100

GuTY
376

3768

= 0.37 ; 1000 = 0.376 ; 1000 = 3.768

1
0
\ 2 :
J u] Giu T 10 ApX 10Cu AdL[L CpXUp CkRp, Rp Alu] Giu TV 10
ApX 10Cu AdL[L UtV u RNU u]UL Ut\lT\,
\ 3 :
J u]jR kRV \Lp UhUpXUp, NRWQ YjRp \m RNU u]UL
Ut\Xm,
GjdLh 108 :

38I RNU u]UL UtL,

o :
(A) u]ju TV 10 ApX 10Cu AdL[L Ut\ SUdd PlT
3 125
3
375
125 =
8 =
= 0.375
(B) YjRp \lT,
0.375

1000

3.000
24
60
56
40
40
0

38

= 0.375

l : X u] GiLu T 10 ApX 10Cu AdL[L Ut\ VRTm Es[],

58

u] Gi 13I Gjd LsYm, CR UV] RNUu]UL GR CVX, uf

Npm, (YjRXl TodL),
0.33333
3

1.00000000
9

10
9
10
9
10
9
10
9
YdL :
1) RNU u] Yp GRVR uf Npm HRm CWi u]eL[d L,
2) 0.5, 0.50, 0.500, 0.5000 GpXm JW UlTl Tt\YV?
3) 0.3, 0.03 CWim JW UlTl Tt\YV?
l : 0.5, 0.50, 0.500, 0.5000 GuTY NU] u]eLs G]lTm,
GjdLh 109 :
8.37 Gu\ RNU u]jRf NRWQ u]UdL,
1

8 1 + 3 10 + 7
o :

8.37

= 100

7
+
= 8 + 10
8
100
3 10

100

1
= 100
80
0
10
= 0
83
= 7
10
0

10 10 1 0 0

30

100 + 100

GjdLh 110 :
0.2 Utm 0.09 CYts G T?
o :
2

20

=
0.2

0.09

59

=
1
0
= 9
10
0

100

20

100

Gu\ Gi 100 I Pl TV,

0.2 GuM\ Gi 0.09 I Pl TV,

Tt 1.17
1. uYm RNU GiLp 5Cu CPUlTd LiL,
(A) 413.258

(B) 4.31524

(E) 5216.293

(F) 385.432

(D)
216.9253

(C) 503.826

2. ]Ym RNU GiL[ YdL Yp GL,

(A) 2458.615

(B) 405.008

(C) 11.111

3. uYY]Yt\ RNU GiL[L GL,

5
3

(D) 0.0005

(A) 6000 + 200 + 40 + 8 + 10 + 100 + 1000

2

(B) 2 103 + 7 102 + 3 101 + 4 + 10 + 102 + 103

4
8
9
5
+
+
(C) 10 +
10000
10
0
1
1
1

1000

(D) 5 100 + 4 10 + 3 1 + 2 10 + 4
100
4. RNU u]eL[L UtL,
3
5

+ 5
7

(A) 5
(B) 8
(C) 25
5. rdLjs[ NLp G T?
(A) 0.3, 0.03

1000
5

(D) 125

(B) 0.4, 0.08

(C) 0.6, 0.06

(E) 3
(D)1.09,
1.90

6. uYm RNU u]eL[ NRWQ u]eL[L UtL,

(A) 0.4

(B) 0.8

(E) 0.75

(F) 0.08

(C) 0.66
(G)
1.250

(D) 0.25
(G) 2.125

7. uYm RNU u]eL[ HYNp GL,

(A) 10.271, 10.207, 10.272, 10.222, 10.277
(B) 0.9876, 0.9918, 0.9753, 0.9873, 0.9921
8. uYm RNU u]eL[ C\e YNp GL,
(A) 5.81, 5.08, 5.88, 5.85, 5.87, 5.82
(B) 3.301, 3.031, 3.310, 3.290, 3.931, 3.321

1.9.2 RNU u]eLp Su AlTPf NVpLs : 1.9.2 (A) RNU

u]eLp hPm LjRm:

RNU u]eL[d hmTm, LdmTm RNU GiL[ Juu r Ju\L AYtu

CPUltLt\ YLp GR Yim, \ Pp AkR GiLdPp Es[ sd SWLl sP

Yim,
GjdLh 111 :
16.302, 3.672, 145.07, 76.3, 2 BVYt\d hL,
60

o :
CkR Ik GiLp C GiLs ALThNm 3 RNU CPeL[l Ttdu\], UlL[ Ut\Up Ut\
u GiL[m 3 RNU CPeLd uYU UtL,
145.07 = 145.070
ARY
76.30
76.3 = 0
2

= 2.000

ClT Clu]eL[d rdLiPT Gd hL,

16.302
3.672
145.070
76.300
2.000
243.344
GjdLh 112 :
362.725Ck 573.863Id LdL,
o :

573.863
362.725
211.138

GjdLh 113 :
dL : 37.62 14.05 + 15.467 27.108
o :
CYt\f dL uYU NnL :
TLs

(i)

L GiL[d hL

(ii) \ GiL[d hL

(iii) jVNjRd LiL.

hL :

(iv) TV Giu V CL

37.62 + 15.467 = 53.087

37.62
0
15.46
7
53.08
7

hL :

14.05 + 27.108 =
jVNm

41.158
53.087
41.158

11.929

14.05
0
27.108
41.15
8

TV Giu L,
37.62 14.05 + 15.467 27.108 = 11.929
61

GjdLh 114 :
J YLo 235.5 , Yjd\o, RPok u ShLp 32.25 ,
105.5 , 83.75 V ts[o Gp. tLR u A[ GqY[?
o :
32.25
Rp Ss tT] =

CWiPm Ss tT] =

105.50
u\m Ss tT] =

83.75
UjR tT]

221.50

u UjR [m
UjR tT]

=
=

235.50
221.50

tLR u [m

14.00

Tt 1.18
1. hL :
(A) 4.7 + 0.47
(B) 3.002 + 2.030
(C) 38.102 + 6.138
2. LdL :
(A) uYY]Ytu
175.562 43.84
119.072
(C) 100 13.452
3.
Rp (B)
LiL325.042
:
(A) 19.465 + 10.201 + 32.457 + 13.0583 (B)
137.291 + 118.321 + 108.005 + 0.927
4. dL :
(A) 45.743 25.06 + 12.345 11.214
(B) 345.421 131.140 421.263 + 507.215
5. KPjp Su ShLp TnR UZu A[ 7.52 N,, 4.05 N,, 6.15 N,. 5 N,,
Bm, Su ShLm TnR UZu UjR A[Yd LiL,
6. GXW Su RPokR UReLp NjR RL ,, 105.50, , 84.25, , 38.75, , 110.75,
AYu UjR Nl GqY[?
7. C GiLu hjRL 74.65. Ko Gi 39.28 Gp Ut\ GiQd Li,
8. J Rio Rhp 0.875 TLm o Wm Es[, Cum GqY[ TLm WmT
Yim?
9. eZ AeLd , 100 Gjf Nu\s, Ae Ro , 8.25dm. A , 43.50dm,
LnLLs , 23.25dm, TZeLs , 15.75dm Ye]s, AYPm Rs[ TQm GqY[?

1,9,2 (B) RNU u]eLp TdLm YjRm :

RNU GiL[l 10Bp TdRp :
uYm TdLpL[d LYdL.
12.345 10 = 12345 10
1000
12.345 100 = 12345 100
1000
12.345 1000 = 12345 1000
1000

= 12345
100
= 12345
10
= 12345

= 123.45
= 1234.5
12345.
= 0

62

UtLiP GjdLhLp Sm LYlT,

RNU GiQ 10Bp TdL RNUls CPTdLjk 1 CPm YXl\UL SL\,
100Bp TdL RNUls CPTdLjk 2 CPm YXl\UL SL\, 1000Bp
TdL RNUls CPTdLjk 3 CPm YXl\UL SL\,
RNU GiL[l 10Bp YjRp :
uYm YjRpL[d LYdL :
123.45 = 12345

100
10
10
123.45

100
123.45

1000

= 12345

= 12.345

1000

12345

100 100

= 12345

12345

100 1000

= 1.2345

10000
12345

0.1234
= 5

100000

UtLiP GjdLhLp Ck uYm Ls Pd\, 10Bp YdL, RNUls

YX TdLjk 1 CPm CPl\UL SL\,
100Bp YdL, RNUls YXTdLjk 2 CPm CPl\UL SL\,
1000Bp YdL, RNUls YXTdLjk 3 CPm CPl\UL SL\ GjdLhPL
85.6 10 = 856
3.48 10 = 34.8
0.032 10 = 0.32
0.124
100 = 12.4
7.325
100 = 732.5
43.6 100 = 4360
0.2934 1000 = 293.4
GjdLhPL
531.4 10 = 53.14
8.9242 10 = 0.89242
2.574 100 = 0.02574
54.32 100 = 0.5432
7 1000 = 0.007
25 1000 = 0.025
YdL :
1

10

1
=

100

G]Y .1 .1

= 0.01

1
0
1

100

1
=

1000 .

G]Y .1 .01

= 0.001

G]Y .1 .001

0.000
= 1

G]Y .01 .01

0.000
= 1

1
0
1

1000
1
0
1

1
=

10000 .
1

100 = 10000 .
10
0

63

RNU GiLp TdLp:

1.2
GjdLh 115 : TdL (A) 15.4

(B) 6.43 0.22

o :
(A)

154

12

15.4 1.2 = 10
643

10

154 12
=

22

100 =
6.43 0.22 = 100
(B)
CqYjdLhLk Sm AY Gu]?

100
643 22
10000

1848
=

100
14146

= 10000

= 18.48
1.414
= 6

RNU GiLu TdLp, Rp sL[d LRUp TdLt TX]d LQ Yim, \

AqYiLu TdLt TX]d LQ Yim, \ AkR GiLp UjRm GjR] RNU CPeLs CkR]Y
AjR] RNU CPeLd, PjR Pp YXl\jk LQdhl sP Yim,
GjdLh 116 : TdL : 14.2

2.13

o :
Rp 142 213Cu TdLt TXu LiL

142 213
426
142

142 213 = 30246.

284
30246

CWi GiLm Es[ RNU CPeLu GidL 3

14.2 2.13 = 30.246
GjdLh 117 : TdL : 2.1

1.3
1.2

o :
Rp 21 13 12Cu TdLt TXu LiL

21 13
63
21
273
27312

21 13 12 = 3276.
u GiLm Es[ RNU CPeLu
UjR GidL 3
2.1 1.3 1.2 = 3.276

546
273
3276

64

GjdLh 118 :
J X NodLWu X , 14.70 Gp 6.5 X NodLWu X Gu]?
o :
1 X NodLWu X = , 14.70.
1470
65

6.5 X NodLWu X = 14.70 6.5

= 95550
= 95.550

7350

= 95.55

8820

95550
6.5 X NodLWu X , 95.55
RNU GiLp YjRp:
J RNU GiQV ApX GiQV J RNU GiQp YdL, Ydm GiQ 10 ApX
10Cu AdLp Td GiQdL Yim, Um YTm GiQm AR GiQp Tdl u
YdL Yim,
GjdLh 119 :
YdL : 8.4 1.4
o :
1.4
8.
4
1.4

8.4
1.4
10

8.4
= 10

= 84 = 6.

14

= 6

GjdLh 120 :
66.65 I 0.215Bp YdL,
66.65 1000
o :
66.65
=
=
0.215
0.215
1000

66650
215

= 310
310
215

66650
645
215
215
0

660.215.65
GjdLh 121 :
YdL : 37.5 1.5
65

310

o :

37.5

37.5
= 10
= 375
1.5 10
1.5

15
25
15 ) 375
30
75
75
0

37.5
1.5 = 25
GjdLh 122 :
30 T]dLs X , 172.50 Gp J T]u XVd LiL,
o :
30 T]dLs X = , 172.50
1 T]u X = 172.50 30
= , 5.75

30 )

5.75

172.50
150
225
210
150
150
0

1 T]u X , 5.75

Tt 1.19
1.

TdL :
(A) 12.15 23
(E) 34.3
5.3

(B) 3.562 47

(C) 0.625 12

(D) 4.5 2.8

(F) 0.4 0.4

(G) 0.25 0.25

(H) 0.007 0.2

(I) 0.09 0.08

2.

132 214 = 28248 Gu\ TdLt TX]l TVuTj rdLiP LQdLdl

TdLtTXu LiL,

3.

(A) 1.32 2.14

(B) 13.2 21.4
(C) 0.132 21.4
(E) 013.2
0.0214
(F) 0.132 0.214
uYY]Ytu TdLt TXu LiL :
(A) 1.2 1.1
(C) 12 0.25
0.2
(B) 3 4 1.3 2.5
YdL :

4.

(A) 96.85 5

(B) 4.5 3

(C) 7.91 7

(D) 132 0.214

(D) 0.5 0.4 8.0

(D) 0.144 12

(E)
24.8
66

0.4

(F) 3.42

0.02

(G) 0.168
0.8

(H) 0.0064 0.008

5. J hPo Np Ft]p J Tk 8.75 ,, Npm, 3.5 hPo Nd GqY[

RX Npm?
6. J X Au X , 23.75 Gp 25 X Au X Gu]?

]p LsL

1) u]ju T 10 ApX 10Cu AdL[L Clu Alu]m RNUu]m G]lTm,

2) RNUu]eLp NU] u]m GuT, u]eLu YXl\d LPp fVeL[f
NodLd PlTRm, 0.5, 0.50, 0.500, 0.5000 GuTY NU] u]eL[m,
3) RNU GiL[d hmT RNU GiL[ Juur Ju\L AYtu CPUlt Ht\
YLp GR Yim, u hV Pp AkR GiLdPp Es[ sLd
SWLl sP Yim,
4) RNU GiL[d LdmT RNU GiL[ Juur Ju\L AYtu CPUlt Ht\
YLp GR Yim, u LjR Pp AkR GiLdPp Es[ sLd
SWLl sP Yim,
5) RNU GiLu TdLp, Rp sL[d LRUp AqYiL[l TdL Yim,
\ AkR GiLp UjRm GjR] RNU CPeLs Cdu\]Y AjR] RNU
CPeLdd PjR Pp YXl\jk LQdhl sP Yim,
6) J RNU GiQV ApX J GiQV J RNU GiQp YdL, Ydm
GiQ 10 ApX 10Cu AdL[p Td GiQdL Yim, Um YTm
GiQm AR GiQp Tdl u YdL Yim,

AXj Ro 1
T I

NV] PVj RkR,

(1) Gi 1Cu u
(A) 0
(B) 1
(2) uYY]Yts TL Gi
(A) 93
(B) 95
(3) u\p YTm Gi
(A) 215
(B) 138
(4) SuLp YTm Gi
(A) 114
(B) 202
(5) 5, 7 CYtu lT T,Y,
(A) 1
(B) 5
(6) 6 Cu hPp RX
(A) 0
(B) 6
(7) ( 6) + ( 2) GuT
(A) 4
(B) + 4
(8) 15
60

20 1 =
20

(C) 2

(D) 3

(C) 97

(D) 99

(C) 209

(D) 200

(C) 512

(D) 126

(C) 7

(D) 12

(C) + 6

(D) 1

(C) + 8

(D) 8

Gu\ u]ju dV YYm

1

(A) 4

(B) 5

(9) 123.456 Gu\ Gip 5 Cu CPUl

(D) 4

(C) 6

1
(A) 100

(B) 10

(C) 10

1
(D) 100

67

(10) 5 0.2Cu Ul
(A) 0.1
(B) 1.0
(C) 10
uY]Yt\
WlL:Gu\ Gip Es[ BWeLu GidL____________ .
11) 215083
12) 21dm 25dm CPp Es[ TL Gi ____________ .
13) 12, 18 CYtu f T,U, ___________ .
14)
15)
16)

(D) .
01

23, 32 CYts TV ___________ .

( 15) ( 5) = __________ .
( 20) ( 5) = ____________ .

17)13

15

= _________ .

18) 3/7Cu TdLp RX _________ .

19) 0.0123 1000 = __________ .
1.25

20)0.25 = __________ .

T II
20)

(10 2 =

Ju ApX CWi TLp P RL :

21) Ko AhPlThp 144 WhLs YdLXm, 348 AhPl ThLp
WhL[ YdLXm?
22) C GiLu TdLt TXu 45355. AYtp Ko Gi 235 Gp Ut\ GiQd Li,
23) 31526 Gu\ Gi 11Bp YTU GuTRd LiL,
24) 15, 20, 30 BVYtu lT T,Y, Gu]?
( 8) (+ 3)
(25) dL : (+ 6) ( 4) .
5 7
(26) 6 , 8
3
9
17
,
, 48 .
(27) H YNp GL : 4
1
1
(28) 3 4 Ck 1 2 Id L.
(29) hL : 4.312 + 9.26 + 7.18 .
(30) TdL : 18.46 1.2
T III

GqY[

C Y t s G T ?
16

(4 5 = 20)

Y] PV :
31) JYo 220 BLs YjkRo, JqYu\m ,. 650 Rm td PjR TQjp
TdL[ Ye]o, J Tu X , 5800 Gp AYo GjR] TdL[ Ye ClTo?
32) 32, 48, 96 CYtt lT T,Y, Utm f T,U, LiL,

33)152 ,

35 CYtu RXd LQdh AR 1112 Ck LdL Gu] Pdm?

34) J YPL Ek Rm Y]m, X hPd , 5.50 Yd\, JYo Ko EkY

YPLd AUoj 120.5 ,, TVQm NnRo Gp AYo AkY]jtf NjR YiV RL
GqY[?

68

2, Au\Pd LQdLs
JqYYm ReL[ YrdLp SWVLY U\LULY GiVX (arithmetic)
TVuTj\m, GjR A[Y] u RL[d Li LQdPlT\, Ce BeX YojRL[]
Read, wRite and aRithmetic GuTY u RL[d d\, CYtk GiVX] JqYYu
Au\P YrdLp Lm dVU] GuTR] Rk Ls\m, YtLWU] Yrt
JqYYm GiVu dVjYjR AYVm AkdL Yim,

21 Rm R NUm
22 NRRm
23 AeLd LQdLs
24 d LQdLs

2,1 Rm R NUm
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5

Rm AUjRp
ReL[ JlPp
R NUm - AUjRp
R NUm TVuTLs
So Rm

2,1,1 Rm AUjRp :
ALm :
SU Au\P YrdLp Sm UlL[ AYtu A[L[p JlPXm, JW UV] C
UlL[ Sm YjRu Xm JlmT SUdd
PlT AkR C UlLu Rm Bm,
YWV\ :
Rm GuT JW UV] CWi UlL[ YjRu Xm JlY,
GjdLh 1 :
J Ylp 25 UQYoLm. 15 UQVoLm Es[]o Gp UQYoLu GidLdm
UQVoLu GidLdm Es[ Rm Gu]?
o :
UQYoLu GidLdm,UQVoLu GidLdm Es[ Rm = 2515 = 53 = 5 : 3

53 Gu\ Rj] 5 : 3 Gu GY UW, 5 : 3 GuTR] 5d 3 G] TdLm,

l :
1)

TYL : Gu\ , RjRd dLl TVuTjRlT\,

69

2) RjR TYL a : b G] lPXm,

3) Rm dV Yp CdL Yim, GjdLhPL, 2 : 4 GuT dV Yp CpX,
H]p 24 GuT dV Yp CpX, CRu dV YYm 12 . G]Y 2 : 4Cu dV
YYm 1 : 2 Bm,
4) Rjp ElLu YN dVU]Rm, GjdLhPL, UQYoLu GidLdm
UQVoLu GidLdm CPVs[ RU] UQVoLu GidLdm UQYoLu
GidLdm CPVs[ Rjk UThPRm,
5) Rm GuT J Ym GiQm, RjR GkR J AXPm GRd P,
(GjdLh 3I TodL),
6) C UlLm JW AXp CdL Yim, (GjdLh 4 Utm 5Il TodL),
YdL :
GjdLh 1Cp UQVoLu GidLdm UQYoLu GidLdm Es[ Rm Gu]?
GjdLh 2:
Wu RkRu YV 40. Wu YV 10. Wu RkRu YVdm Wu
YVdm Es[ Rm Gu]?
o :
Wu RkRu YV = 40
Wu YV = 10
RkRu YVdm. Wu YVdm Es[ Rm = 40 : 10 = 4 : 1
l :

UtLiP RjR 1 : 4 G] GRp P, Hu?

GjdLh 3:
J Shl jRLju X Tn 20 Utm J T]u X , 15 Gp Shl jRLju
Xdm. T]u Xdm Es[ Rm Gu]?
o :
, 20
, 15
:
CWidm Es[ Rm = 20 15
= 4 :3
l : CkR RjR 4 : 3 Tn G] GRp P,
J Shl jRLju X =
J T]u X =

GjdLh 4:
3 XWdm. 750 Wdm Es[ Rm Gu]?
l : Ce C UlLm JW AXp CpX, G]Y Rp CWiPm JW AXt Ut\ Yim,

o :

3 1000 = 3000
3 X Wm = Wm
G]Y RYV] Rm = 3000 : 750

= 300 : 75

70

6 :
= 0 15
1
= 2 :3
= 4:1
GjdLh 5 : 50 N,,dm 3 dm Es[ Rm LiL,
3 hPo

o :
G]Y RYV] Rm = 50 : 300

100 = 300
= 3 N,,

= 5 : 30
= 1:6
GjdLh 6 :
2 : 3df NU] CWi ReL[d LiL,
2 : 3 = 23 22 (T, RV 2Bp TdL)

o :

= 46 = 4 : 6
2 : 3 = 23 33 (T, RV 3Bp TdL)
69 = 6 : 9
2 : 3df NU] CWi ReLs 4 : 6 Utm 6 : 9

0=

YdL :
GjdLh 6Cp, 23 , 46 , 69 GuTY NU] u]eLs Bm,
2 : 3, 4 : 6, 6 : 9 GuTY NU] ReLs Bm,
J u]U ApX RU LdLlThPp NU] u]eLs ApX
NU] ReLs GqY LQlTu\]?
GjdLh 7:
NWu , 10000 NmT[ULl T\o, AYW Nl , 2000 Gp AYW
A)

NmT[jtm, Nltm

B)

NmT[jtm, NXtm

C)

Nltm, NXtm Es[ ReL[d LiL,

o :
A)

NWu NmT[m = , 10000

NWu Nl = , 2000
NWu NX = , 10000 . 2000
= . 8000
NmT[jtm Nltm Es[ Rm = 10000 : 2000
= 10 : 2
= 5:1

B) NmT[jtm. NXtm Es[ Rm = 10000 : 8000

= 10 : 8

= 5:4

71

C) Nltm. NXtm Es[ Rm = 2000 : 8000 = 20 : 80 = 1 : 4

GjdLh 8:

12: 1 12 Cu dV YYm Gu]?

o :

1
1

1
1

2: 1 2 =

2
2

1 3
2: 2 =

2
= 3 2 =

3=

1:3

GjdLh 9:
1.3 : 6.5Cu dV YYm Gu]?
o :
1.3
1.3 10
1.3 : 6.5 = 6.5
1:
= 5

13

6 .5 1 0 = 6 5 = 5
Tt 2.1

1) rdLiP ReL[f dV Yp GL,

1

(F) 3 : 1 3
(A) 6 : 15
(B) 10 : 25
(C) 4 : 20
(D) 35 : 77
(E) 1.2 : 4.8
2) rdLiP ReL[f dV Yp GL,
(A) 1 ,,d 250
(B) 20 N,,d 2
(C) 500 ,,d 3
(D) 30 ,d 2 U
(E) 25 Ld 2 Tn
(F) 60 UQYoLd 2 BVoLs
3) J Tsp Tdm 2000 Tp 500 To tX Nus[]o,
(A) UjRUQYoLu GidLdm, tX Nu\YoLu
GidLdm
(B) UjR UQYoLu GidLdm tX NpXRYoLu
GidLdm Es[ ReL[d LQdL,
4) _u GuTYu YV 50. AYW ULu YV 10 Gp AYoL[
YVLdPVV] Rm
(A) 5 BiLd u]p (B) RtT (C) 5 BiLs Lj GqY[?
5) J AYXLjp UjRm 250 To YX Nnu\]o, Ap 150 To BiLs, Ut\YoLs TiLs
Gp
(A) UjRs[YoLu GidLdm BiLu GidLdm (B) UjRs[YoLu
GidLdm TiLu GidLdm
(C) BiLu GidLdm TiLu GidLdm Es[ RjRd LQdL,
6)
(A) 1 : 4

rdLiPYttf NU] ReLs \kR CWi LiL,

1
1
(B) 2 : 5

(C) 2 : 1 2

2
(D) 1 : 3

7) (A) 8 : 32 GuT 16 : 60df NUU]R ?

(B) 99 : 11 GuT 9 : 1df NUU]R ?

72

NU] ReL[l TjL :

8)

B
:
12 15
:
6 15

A
2:3
1:4
4:5

6 :9
:
12 16
:
5 20

2:5
3:4

2,1,2 ReL[ JlPp :

CWi ReL[ JlP m, ReL[ JW TPV u]eL[L UtV u JlP
Yim,
GjdLh 10:
3 : 4Im 4 : 5Im JlL,
o :
3
4

Im 5 Im JlP Yim,

TLs 4, 5

4, 5Cu f T,U, = 20
3

4
=5

4 =
4
4

20

15

16

4 =
20

5
16

5 = 20

15

B] 20 I P TV,
16

15

G]Y 20 B] 20 I P TV,
G]Y 4 : 5 B] 3 : 4I Pl TV,
YdL : UtLiP GjdLhp, TLu f T,U, Hu LQ Yim? GjdLh 11 : ,
240I 3 : 5 Gu\ Rjp dLm,
o :
3 : 5 GuTp Rp T 3 TeLs Gp CWiPm T 5 TeLs,
G]Y UjR TeLs = 3 + 5 = 8
Ce 8 TeLs = , 240

, 30.
1 Te = 240
8
Rp T = 330 = , 90
53
= , 150
CWiPm T = 0

GjdLh 12:
J NqYLju [, ALXeLu Rm 4 : 3, ALXm 21 N,, Gp ARu [jRd LQdL,

o
[, ALXeLu Rm = 4 : 3

73

Cp NqYLju ALXm = 3 TeLs

3 TeLs = 21 N,,
1 Te = 21 = 7 N,
3
NqYLju [m = 4 TeLs
4 7 = 28
4 TeLs = N,
G]Y NqYLju [m = 28 N,

Tt 2.2
1) (A) 2 : 3 ApX 3 : 4 CYtp G TV? (B)
3 : 5 ApX 4 : 7 CYtp G V?
2) (A) uYm ReL[ H YNp GL : 2 : 3, 4 : 5, 3 : 4 (B) uYm
ReL[ C\e YNp GL : 3 : 5, 7 : 9, 5 : 7
3) (A) , 300I 2 : 3 Gu\ Rjp dL
(B) 5 X 600 WU 4 : 3 Gu\ Rjp dL (C) 2
hPo 25 N,,I 5 : 4 Gu\ Rjp dL (D) 2 U 30
PjR 1 : 4 Gu\ Rjp dL
4) 'A' Gu\ LXYp Uim. UQm 1 : 4 Gu\ Rjm,
'B' Gu\ LXYp Uim. UQm 2 : 7 Gu\ Rjm Es[] Gp GkR LXYp UQp
ALUL Es[?
5) , 5,500I Yd, Td CYdm 6 : 5 Gu\ Rjp jd LjRp, ALUL TQm
TY Vo? ALU] RL GqY[?
6) J NqYLju [m, ALXm 7 : 2 Gu\ Rjp Es[], [m 35 N,, Gp ALXm GqY[?
7) J mTju NX Utm NlLu Rm 5 : 2, NX , 2,500 Gp Nl GqY[?
8) J Tp Es[ ClLs NWYQu, UWu Gu\ CYdm 3 : 4 Gu\ Rjp jd
LdLlT\, NWYQu 36 ClLs Tt\p UWu TY GqY[? Tp Es[ UjR
ClLs GqY[?

2,1,3 R NUm AUjRp :

ALm :
J lhP YL T] Juu X , 5 GuL, G]Y 5 T]dLu X , 25 Utm 8 T]dLu
X , 40. Um GidLLdPVV] Rm
5 : 8, XLd CPVV] Rm 25 : 40. XLu dV Rm 5 : 8.
G]Y 5 : 8 = 25 : 40
YWV\ :
R NUm GuT CWi NU] ReLu CQl Bm,
GjdLh 13 :
4 Shl jRLeLu X , 24 Utm 7 ShljRLeLu X , 42 Gp R NUm Gu]?

74

o :
GidLLu Rm = 4 : 7
XLu Rm = 24 : 42
R NUm 4 : 7 = 24 : 42
l :

1) CkR Su GiLm R NUjp Es[] G] Sm \m,

2) GkR J Rju YNVm Ut\dP, Ce 4 : 7 42 : 24 Hu?

: 3 = 10 : 15 Gu\ R NUjR Gjd LsL, Cp Rp Utm SuLY (2, 15)

ElL[ L ElLs GuTm, CWiPY Utm u\Y (3, 10) ElL[ S
ElLs GuTm,
S ElLs
2:3

10 : 15

L ElLs

dVl Ti :
L ElLu Tdj RL = S ElLu Tdj RL
2 15 = 3 10
30 = 30
YdL :
J R NUjp. L ElLu Tdj RLm. S ElLu Tdj RLm NUU
G]f NdL, CR]l TVuTj LdLlThP 4 GiLs R NUjp Es[]Y G] AVXU? J R
NUjp HRm 3 GiLs LdLlThPp ThP GiQd LidL U?
GjdLh 14 :
4 : 3 = 8 : 6 GuT R NUU. CpXV G]f NTodL,
o
:

L ElLu Tdj RL = 4 6 = 24
S ElLu Tdj RL = 3 8 = 24

C Tdj RLLm NUm,

G]Y 4 : 3 = 8 : 6 GuT J R NUm Bm,
GjdLh 15 :
2:5=6:

GuT RNUm Gp ThP ElTd LiL,

o
:
L ElLu Tdj RL

= 2

S ElLu Tdj RL = 5 6 = 30.

C YRNUm GuTRp 2

= 30

C\m 2Bp YdL

2
2

= 30
2
= 30

2
75

= 15.

GjdLh 16 :
3 X = 4 Y Gp X : Y LiL,
o :
3X = 4Y
C\m 3Bp YdL
3X = 4Y
3
3
X = 4 Y
3
C\m YBp YdL
X

4Y

=
Y = 3Y
:
G]Y X : Y = 4 3
GjdLh 16Cp

l :
X : Y
=

Gu\p R NUl TiTl TVuTj LhPeL[l oj

NnL,
GjdLh 17 :
J mTju YWtm. NXtm Es[ Rm 7 : 2, mTju YW
, 5,600 Gp Nl GqY[?
o :
mTju Nl = , x GuL,
G]Y RNUm 7 : 2 = 5600 : x
(YW : NX) = (YW : NX)
G]Y 7x = 2 5600
7x = 2 5600 = 1600
7
7
x = 1600
G]Y mTju NX = , 1600.
GjdLh 18 :
3, 10I S ElL[Ld Li CWi R NUeL[ GL,
o :
S ElLs 3, 10.
: 3 = 10 :
S ElLu Tdj RL = 3 10 = 30
G]Y L ElLu Tdj RL = 30
30I 2

15

ApX

G]m GRXm,
G]Y

: 3 = 10 : 15

76

: 3 = 10 :

CWi R NUeLs 2 : 3
6:3
GjdLh 19:
7 u X , 49

Gp

A[ ()

= 10 : 15 Utm

= 10 : 5

hPo u X Gu]?
X (,)

49

R NUm
7:5

= 49 :

S ElLu Tdj RL = 5 49 = 245

L ElLu Tdj RL

= 7

= 245

= 245
7

= 245
7
5 hPo u X = , 35.

= 35

Tt 2.3
1) LdLlThP Su GiLs (AR YNp) J R NUjR AUdU G]f NTodL,

(A) 1,2,3,4
2)

(B) 5,10,15,30

(C) 2,4,6,8

(D) 10,12,18,20

(D)
0.2,0.4,8,16

uYm R NUeLu ThP GiL[d LiL,

(A) 4 : 6 =
(C)

:3
: 1.5 = 6 : 4.5

(B) 7 :

= 21 : 15

(D) 10 : 25 = 25 :

3) J NqYL Xju [, ALXeLu ReLs 6 : 5. ARu [m 120 Gp ALXjRd LiL, (R

NUjRl TVuTjL),
4) Uim UQm 2 : 7 Gu\ Rjp J LXYp Es[, Ap Uiu GP 100 X Gp
UQu GP Gu]?
5) J u 3 [ju X , 135 Gp AR u 7 [ju X Gu]?
6) (A) 4 Utm 15I S ElL[Ld Li CWi R NUeLs LiL, (B) 4 Utm 10I
L ElL[Ld Li CWi R NUeLs LiL,

2,1,4 R NUm TVuTLs :

J hu hPlTPjR (plan) Sm YWmT hu EiUV] [m, ALXeL[d Li
YWV V,
YWVlThP [jtm, EiUV] [jtm Es[ Rm a : b GuL,

77

1) aCu Ulm bCu UlT P \ Gp SUdd PlT V TPm Bm,

2) aCu Ulm bCu Ulm NUm Gp SUdd PlT NU A[hl TPm Bm,
3) aCu Ul bCu UlT P ALm Gp SUdd PlT TRdLlThP TPm Bm,
GjdLhPL.
1) hu YWTPm V TPm Bm,
2) Shl jRLjp YWVlTm YVp TPeLs NU A[hl TPm,
3) ElTd YV TodLd V iLs TRdLlThP TPm,
l : ba Gu\ u]U] W u]m G]lTm (a m bm JW AXp CdL Yim)
GjdLh 20:
1 N,,d 200 ,, Gu\ A[jhPjp J TPm Es[, Ap (A) W u]m
Gu]?
(B) TPjp SpXdm, Nu]dm CPV Es[ Wm 3 N,, Gp, AkR C CPeLdm CPlThP
EiUV] Wm GqY[?.
o : Cp YWVlThP [m. EiUV] [m JW AXp CpX, CWiPm JW
AXp Ut\,
200 100000
200 ,, = N,,
= 2,00,00,000 N,,
(A)
W u]m =
1
2000000
0
(B)
TPjp SpXdm. Nu]dm Es[ Wm = 3 N,
G]Y SpXdm Nu]dm
Es[ EiUV] Wm = 3 200 = 600 ,.
YdL :
CWpY YjRPeL[d Lhm CkV YWTPjRl TodL, TPju A[jhPlT 1)
Nu]dm. fdm 2) Nu]dm. Ppdm 3) mTdm. TeLdm CPVs[ WeL[d
LiL,

Tt 2.4
1) 1 N,,d 1000 ,, Gu\ A[j hPjt J TPm YWVlThs[, Ap (A) W u]m
Gu]?
(B) TPjp dLlThs[ 4.5 N,, RXu EiUV] RX Gu]?
(C) EiUV] RX 2200 ,hPWl TPjp GqY[ RXYLd dL Yim ?
2) 1 N,d 500 Gu\ A[j hPjt J TPm YWVlThs[, Ap. (A) W u]m
Gu]?
(B) TPjp 7.5 N,, RX EiUp Gu] RX Bm?
(C) EiUV] RX 2250 hPW TPjp GqY[ RXYLd dL Yim ?

78

3) oj NnL :
A[j hPm

EiUV] A[

(A)

1 N, = 100

(B)

1 N, = 250 ,
N, =
1 -----

(C)

YWVlThP A[
3 N,

--------------1250 ,

---------------

3750

5 N,

Nn To :
500, [m, 300, ALXm LiP J NqYL Xju U YWTPjR TjRU] A[j
hPlT YWk TodL,

2,1,5 So Rm :
CWi CWLs JW Rjp RPok U]p AY So Rjp AUks[] G]lTm,
GjdLh 21:
J T]u X , 10 Gp 5 T]dLs. 8 T]dLs. 10 T]dLu X
Gu]?
T]dLu GidL
X (,)
1
5
8
10
Ce 10 = 50 =

1
10

50

10

80

100.

= 100 GuT Un

8
0
G]Y T]dLu GidLm. XLm SoRjp Es[],
GjdLh 22 :
LdLlThs[ AhPYQ JYu YV Utm AlT AYPV GPVj R\,
YV

GP
5
Ce

10

20
15

10
30
20

15
40

20
50

30 40 50

2
0
Cp YV ALUL GPm ALU\, B]p CYtt CPlThP ALdm RU] WL
CpX, G]Y YVm, GPm SoRjp CpX,
YdL :
rdLiPYtp G SoRjp Es[?
(A) YeLlThP T]dLu GidLm. ARu Xm (B) J URu
EVWm. GPm
(C) NWju TdLm t\[m
(D)

J lhP SWjp YLm. Wm

GjdLh 23:
W] YLjPu TVQm Nnm JYo 150 ,hPW 3 U SWjp LPd\o, 5 U SWjp

AYo LPdm Wm GqY[?

o :
5 U SWjp TVQm Nnm Wm = x GuL,

79

LXm (U)

Wm (,)

3
5

150
x

LXm. Wm. SoRjp Es[],

3 : 5 = 150 : x
5
3 x = 150
5
3 x = 150
3
3
5
x
150
3
=
G]Y 5 SWjp TVQm NnR Wm = 250 km.

750

= 250 ,,

GjdLh 24:
lhP YLjp J jRLjRl Tdm JYo 20 TdLeL[l TdL 2 U SWU\ Gp AYo
AR YLjp 50 TdLeL[l TdL GqY[ SWUm?
o :
50 TdLeL[l TdL Bm SWm x GuL,
SWm

A[
(TdLm)
(U)
20
2
50
x
A[m, SWm SoRjp Es[],
G]Y 20 : 50 = 2 : x
5
20 x = 0 2
5
20 x = 0 2
20
20
2
5
x = 0 U
20
GjdLh 25:

=5

rdLiPY SoRjp Es[R G]f NTodL,

300
450
ANp
18
27
Yh

250

600
15

36

o :
ANX H YNp GR,
250

300

450

600

15

18

27

36
300

Ce Rm

250

50

15

= 3

250

300

18

50
= 3

450

450
; 27
60
0

50

600

50

= 3 ; 36 = 3 .

15

= 18

27

36
GpX ReLm NUUL Es[], G]Y CY SoRjp Es[],

80

Tt 2.5
1)

2)

rdLiPY SoRjp Es[R, CpXV? G]f NTodL,

10
jRLeLu GidL
(A)
X (,)
25
20
(B)
LXm (U.)
2
3
Wm (,,)
70
100
(C)
YV (YPm)
2
6
GP (X)
3.5
10.57

20
50
5
175
4
14

4
10
4
120
8
24

uYm AhPYQ SoRjp CdU]p, ThP CPeL[ WlL.

8

(A)
(B)
(C)

10

15

20

12

15

10

21

36

20

15

10

45

60

15

3) J Tk 3 U SWjp 135 ,, LPd\ Gp AR YLjp 8 U SWjp LPdm Wm

GqY[?
4) 10 N,, [s[ Lhd Lmu GP 256 Wm Gp 25 N,, [s[ AR Lhd
Lmu GP Gu]?
5) J lhP ANd 5 BiLd Yh , 600 Gp, AR ANd AkR Rjp 8 BiLd
Yh GqY[?
6) Ko A\u 2 UR YPL , 4400 Gp AkR A\d Jo Bi YPL GqY[?
7) Ko CVkWm 30 PeLp 750 TdLeL[ AfNd\ Gp 4500 TdLeL[ AfNdL GqY[
SWUm?
8) 15 StLLu X , 2250 Gp , 10500d GjR] StLLs YeLXm?
9) 5 jRLeLu X , 250 Gp 12 jRLeLu X Gu]?
10) 10 X Au X , 200 Gp 2 X Au X Gu]?
11) 144 ,, NpX J Ekt 12 hPo GTs RYlT\ Gp 720 ,, NpX GjR]
hPo GTs RYlTm?
]p LsL
1) JW UV] C UlL[ Sm YjRu Xm JlmT SUdd PlT AkR C
UlLu Rm Bm,
2) Rm dV Yp CdL Yim,
3) Rjp ElLu YN dVU]Rm, Rju ElLu YNV Ut\d P,
4) Rjt AX CpX,
5) CWi ApX CWit UtThP ReL[ JlPXm,
6) R NUm GuT CWi NU] ReLu CQl Bm,

81

7) J R NUju Rp Utm SuLY ElLs L ElLs G]lTm, CWi Utm u\m

ElLs S ElLs G]lTm,
8) J R NUjp.
L ElLu Tdj RL =S ElLu Tdj RL
9) YWVlThP [jtm EiUV] [jtm Es[ Rm a : b GuL, Cp
(A) aCu Ul bCu UlT Pd \YL CkRp SUd PlT V TPm,
(B) aCu Ulm bCu Ulm NUU]p SUdd PlT NU A[hl TPm,
(C) aCu Ul bCu UlT P ALm Gp SUdd PlT TRdLlThP TPm Bm,
10) CWi CWLs JW Rjp RPok U]p AY SoRjp AUks[] G]lTm

2,2 NRRm
2.21NRRm, u]m Utm RNU u]m RPo
2.22CXTm Utm SxPm
2.23CXTm Utm SxP NRRm

2,2,1 NRRm, u]m Utm RNU u]m RPo :

ALm :
NRRm (percent) GuT Percentum Gu\ Xju U YojRu dLUm, td GuT
CRu T[m,
YWV\ :
NRRm GuT Tp 100I EPV u]Um.
"%" Gu\ NRRjRd dLl TVuTjRlT\,
GjdLh 26:
2

rdLiPYt\f NRRUL UtL :

1
3

(A) 5
o :

(B) 4
2

(C) 2
2

100

40

=
(A)

(B)

5 = 5 100
= 40%
3
3 100
75
=

100

4 = 4
1
1

100

100

100

= 75%

50

=
(C)
GjdLh 27:

2 = 2

100

100

= 50%

rdLiPYt\l u]UL UtL,

(A) 25%
(B) 30%

(C) 80%

82

o :
25
(A)

1
= 4

25% =
10
0
30

=
(B)

10

30% =
10
0
80

(C)

4
= 5

80% =
10
0

GjdLh 28 :

rdLiP RNU u]eL[f NRReL[L UtL,

(A) 0.25

(B) 1.6

(C) 0.175

o :
100
(A)

0.25 = 0.25 100

100
(B)

1.6 = 1.6 100

100

25
=

= 25%

10
0
16
0
10
= 0
17.
5

= 160%

0.175
(C)

0.175 = 100

17.5
= %

=
10
0

GjdLh 29 :
]u UR YU]m , 4000. UR YU]jp 80% NX NnRp. ]u Nl GqY[?
o :
, 4000
80% of
4000
URf NX =
= 80 4000 = , 3200
10
0
G]Y Nl = 4000 3200 = , 800

]u UR YU]m =

Ut \ :
NX =
Nl =

80% of
4000
20% of
4000

= 20 4000 = , 800.
10
0
GjdLh 30 :
1
5 3 %Il u]UL UtL,
o :

1
1

16
3

53

100
= 16
30
0

GjdLh 31 :
1

I (A) RUL

4
83

=
53 %

16

1 0 0
3

=
10
0
= 4
75

(B) RNU u]UL

(C) NRRUL Ut

o :

(A)
4
1

1 = 1:4
1

100

100 =

4 = 4
1
1

(B)

100

25
=

1 0 0 0.25
25

=
4 = 4 100 =
(C)
25%
l : NRRjR u]ULY, RNU u]ULY GRXm,

100

TPm 2.1

TPm 2.2

TPm 2.3

TPm 2.1Il TodL :

1) UjRm GjR] V NWeLs Es[]?
2) V NWjtm. TV NWjtm Es[ u]Uu]? 1001
3) ARu RNU u]m Gu]? (.01)
4) ARu NRRm Gu]? (1 %)
TPm 2.2Il TodL :
1) GjR] V NWeLs ZPlThs[]? (25)
2) ZPlThP V NWeL[
25
(A) u]UL

100

(B) RNU u]UL (0.25)

(C) NRRUL (25%) LiL,

TPm 2.3Il TodL :

ZPlThP V NWeL[
(A) u]UL

(B) RNU u]UL

(C) NRRUL UtL,

Tt 2.6
1)

AhPYQp ThP CPeL[l oj NnL :

u]m
dV

RNU
T

NRRm
u]m

YYm

100BL

1
4

25
100

.25

25%

1
2

.5

3
4

60

40%

100

84

2) rdLiPYt\ NRRUL UtL.

2
7

1
(E) 2 5
(J) .125

(A) 5
(B) 25
(F) 1.25(G) 2.15

(C) 50
(H) 0.05

(D) 2 2
(I) 0.25

3) rdLiPYt\ u]UL UtL.

(A) 20%(B) 15%

(C) 30%

(D) 60%

4) rdLiPYt\ NRRUL UtL,

(A) , 20p , 2
(B) 25Cp 5
1

5)

(D) 2 hPp 100 ,,

(E) 1 ,,Cp 250 Wm

1

(A) 80Cp 25%

4

(B) 60 hPp 3 3 %
1

(C) 20 ,,Cp 5 5 %

(D) 12 hPp 7 2 %

(C) 15Cp 3
(F) 1hPp 50 N,

6) 500Cp 5 12 % ApX 300Cp 3 13 % G V?

7) 25 UQYoLs RoYV J LRj Rop 20 UQYoLs Rof APkRp Rof
NRRm Gu]?
8) 35 To Es[ J YlT\p 10 To UQVoLs Gp UQYoLu NRRm Gu]?
9) Wu 20% YU]m , 3000 Gp AYW UjR YU]m Gu]?
10) J Rop R 95% UlTiLs Tt\o, UjR UlTiLs 500 Gp AYo Tt\ UlTiLs
GjR]?
11) J SLu UdLs RL 2,25,000, JqY Bim UdLs RL 3% ALjRp. AjR
Biu UdLs RL Gu]?
12) Ko Ek Yiu YLm Ud 60 ,, YLm 10% ALUmT Ek Yiu V YLm
Gu],
13) JYo R] UR YU]jp 8 13 % If Nd\o, AYu UR YU]m , 15,000 Gp
AYW URf NX GqY[?
14) J UQYu RXY Rop 10d 8 UlTiLm. CWiPY Rop 20d 15
UlTiLm Tt\p. GkR RoY AYo Su\L G]o?
15) LXY ACp 22 12 % Am Tlm Es[], LXY BCp 25 Te A Tl Gp
GkRd LXYp A ALUL Es[?

2,2,2 CXTm Utm SxPm :

ALm :
J LPdLWo RVlT[PkR. ApX UjR VTPkR J
T[ Ye\o Gp. T[ YeYRtd LPdLWWp LdLlTm TQm APdL X
G]lTm, (YeV Td Um HRm NX HtTU]p AkR NX]m APdLXp
Nojd Ls[ Yim),
TYL LPdLWo AR T[ APdLXV P ALU] Xd tTo,
LPdLWWp tLlTm X t\ X G]lTm,

85

APdL XV P t\ X ALU]p CXTm HtTm,

Um,

CXTm = t\ X APdL X
APdL X = t\ X CXTm
t\ X = APdL X + CXTm

APdL XV P t\ X \Y]p SxPm HtTm,

SxPm = APdL X t\ X
Um, t\ X = APdL X SxPm
APdL X = t\ X + SxPm
GjdLh 32 :
J T[] , 450d YeLlTh , 500d tLlThPp HtTm XTm
ApX SxPm LiL,
o :
Tu APdL X = , 450
Tu t\ X = , 500
CeL t\ XV P APdL X \, G]Y CXTm HtT\,
CXTm = t\ X APdL X
= 500 450 = , 50.
GjdLh 33 :
J RXdLhl ThV] , 10,500d Ye , 9,500d tLlT\ Gp CXTm ApX
SxPm LiL,
o :
RXdLhl Thu APdL X = , 10,500
RXdLhl Thu t\ X = , 9,500
Ce t\ XV P APdL X ALm, G]Y SxPm HtT\, SxPm = APdL
X t\ X
= 10,500 9,500 = ,1,000.
GjdLh 34 :
J TV] , 200d YeLlTh 10% CXTjt tLlThPp ARu t\ X Gu]?
o :
CXTm

= , 200Cp 10%
1
0

200 = Rs. 20
= 200
t\ X = APdL X + CXTm
= 200 + 20 = , 220

YdL :
GjdLh 34I rdLiPYm odLXm,
100 +
10
100

tT] X =
110

APdL X

= 100

8
6

200 = , 220

GjdLh 35 :
J C NdLW Yi , 10,000d YeLlTh 15% SxPjp tLlT\ Gu\p ARu t\ X
Gu]?
SxPm = 10,000Cp15%
15

o :

10,000 = , 1500
= 100
t\ X = APdL X SxPm
= 10,000 1,500 = , 8,500

kdL :
UtLiP GjdLhP rdLiPYm odLXm,
100
APdL X
t\ X = 15
100
85

100

10,000 = ,

= 8,500

2,2,3 CXTm Utm SxP NRRm :

CXT, SxPm NRRU] APdL XVd LiP LQdPlTm,
CXTm

CXT NRRm = APdLX 100 %

SxPm

SxP NRRm = APdL X 100 %

GjdLh 36 :
JYo J T[ , 2000d Ye , 2500d t\p HtTm CXT NRRm
Gu]?
CXTm = t\ X APdL X

o :

= 2500 2000 = , 500

CXTm
CXT NRRm =

APdL X 100 %

= 2000500 100% = 25%

GjdLh 37 :
JYo 75 Bls TZeL[ , 375d Ye\o, X ShLdl u 5 BlsLs Lhl T],
Rs[Yt\ JqYum , 6d t\p HtTm CXTm ApX SxP NRRm LiL,
o :
75 BlsLu APdL X = , 375
5 BlsLs Lhl T],
Rs[ BlsLs =

75 5 = 70

Ko Blu t\ X = , 6
70 6 = ,
70 BlsLu t\ X = 420.

Ce tT] X APdL XV P ALm,

87

CXTm = t\ X APdL X
= 420 375 = , 45
CXT NRRm =
CXTm
APdL X 100
45
9

375

100 = 75

3
100 = 25

= 100
= 12 %
GjdLh 38 :
JYo J YiV , 600d Ye , 480d t\p HtTm SxP NRRm
LiL,
Yiu APdL X = , 600

o :.

t\ X = , 480
SxPm = APdL X t\ X
= 600 480
= , 120
SxP NRRm =
SxPm
APdL X
120

100 %

100

600
= %
= 20 %
GjdLh 39 :

JYo J Y]V , 1200d Ye , 1000d tTRp HtTm SxP

NRRm LiL,
o :
SxPm = APdL X t\ X
= 1200 1000 = , 200
SxP NRRm =
100%
SxPm
APdL X
200
50

1200
= 3

100% =

%
2

= 16 3 %
Tt 2.7
1)

ThP CPeL[ oj NnL.

APdL X

t\ X

(A)

, 500

, 400

(B)

, 750

, 600

CXTm

SxPm

88

(C)

, 300

(D)

, 250

(E)

, 500

, 50
50
, 100

2) rdLiPYtt tT] X LiL.

(A) , 15d YeLlThP T] 20% CXTjp tLlT\, (B) , 60d
YeLlThP jRLm 10% CXTjp tLlT\, (C) , 700d YeLlThP
LLWm 15% SxPjp tLlT\, (D) , 150d YeLlThP Th 12%
SxPjp tLlT\
3) rdLiPYtp CXTm ApX SxP NRRm LiL, (A) , 6000d
YeLlThP SL , 6500d tLlT\,
(B) , 15000d YeLlThP RXdLhl Th , 13000d tLlT\, (C) , 50000d
YeLlThP Ek Yi , 40000d tLlT\,
(D)

, 60000d YeLlThP , 70000d tLlThP,

4) W J Ek YiV , 75000d Ye , 15000d T Tod\o, AR] , 1,10,000d

t\p HtTm CXTm ApX SxP NRRm LiL,
5) JYo 150 BWgl TZeL[ , 500d Ye]o, X ShLdl u 10 BWgl TZeLs
Lhl T], Rs[ BWgl TZeLs JqYu\m ,5d tTRp HtTm CXTm
ApX SxP NRRm LiL,
6) Wu J P_u , 15 Gu\ Xp 600 hPL[ Ye]o, AYt\ t\Ru Xm 15%
CXTm APkRo Gp AYo J P_u hPL[ Gu] Xd t\o?
7) p GuTYo J X A , 15 Gu\ Xp 250 ,Wm AV Ye]o, AR] 20%
SxPjp t\ X Utm SxPm LiL,
]p LsL
1) NRRm GuT Tp 100I EPV J u]Um.
2) J NRRjR u]UL Ut\, LdLlThP GiQ 1001 Bp Td, Ym u]jR
dL Yim,
3) J NRRjR RNU u]UL Ut\, % V Gjh CP TdLjk CWi RNU
CPm jRUL sVd dLm,
4) J RNU u]jR NRRUL Ut\, YX TdLUL CWi RNU CPm jRUL sV
SLojV u % hP GRm,
5) CXTm = t\ X APdL X
6) SxPm = APdL X t\ X
CXTm
7) CXT NRRm = APdL X 100

SxPm
8) SxP NRRm = APdL X 100

89

2,3 AeLd LQdLs

2.31ThVp RLVf NTojRp
2.32ThVp RVjRp

2,3,1 ThVp RLVf NTojRp :

Sm J LP ApX TpTs AeLdf Nu YqY ThL[ YemT tT]V[o
SmPm J ThVXj RYo,
ThVpLp TYL Ik Ls Cdm,
1) YN Gi
2) YeV ThLs
3) ThLu X
4) YeV A[
5) RL
ThVu UjRj RL Z LdLlThdm,
GjdLh 40 :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WdL CW
Gi. 123

Y,
Gi
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ss : 4.12.2002
NpYm TpTs AeL
15, V[m R. APVo.
Nu] 20. RXT : 24912020
C]m
X
A[

A
Tl
NodLW
ReLn GiQn

, 20 / ,
, 30 / ,
, 15 / ,
, 100 / ,

5
2
1
1

,
,
,
1

UjRm

RL
.
T.
100.00
60.00
15.00
150.00

325.00

LVlTm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ThVXl Toj rdLiPYtt PVdLm, (A) J ,,
NodLWu X Gu]?
(B) Add LdLlThP RL GqY[? (C) YeVYo
LjR UjRj RL GqY[? (D) ThVp
Es[ RXT Gi Gu]?
(E)

GkR Rp ThLs YeLlThP]?

90

GjdLh 41 : rddLiP ThVp RLVf NTodL :

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WdL CW
YNu AeL
25, L]p W, NRlThP.
Nu] 15. RXT : 24925115.
Y.Gi

C]m

A[

RL
,.

T.

1.

LpNhP

, 150 / ,

1.20 ,

180.00

2.

NhP

, 80 / ,

2.00 ,

160.00

3.

Yx

, 120 / Ju

120.00

4.

, 30 Jt

60.00

UjRm

520.00

LVlTm

o :
C]m 1:

1, Lp NhPu X = , 150
1.2 , Lp NhPu X = , 150 1.20

C]m 2:

= ,

180.00

= ,

160.00

= ,

120.00

= ,

60.00

= ,

520.00

1 , NhPu X = , 80.00
2 , NhPu X = , 80 2

C]m 3 :
C]m 4 :

1 Yxu X
1 iu X = , 30
2 iLu X = , 30 2

UjRm

G]Y ThVp NVL Es[,

91

Tt 2.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1)
WdL CW
Gi : 555

Ss : 27.9.02
U AZ NR] AeL
20, dV , TSVdLo,
R UYhPm, RXT : 283456.

Y,Gi
1.
2.
3.
4.

C]m

A[

RL
. T.

5
2
500 ,,
2

55.00
50.00
80.00
66.00

UjRm

251.00

. 11 / Ju
. 25 / Ju
. 160 /
. 33 / ThPXm

Nl
TtTN
GiQn
[

LVlTm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UtLiP ThVk PVdL : (A) ThVp
R Gu]?
(B) RXT Gi Es[R? (C) J
Nlu X GqY[?
(D) J hPo GiQu X GqY[? (E) YeTYo
LjR RL GqY[?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) ThVXm, RLVm NTodL :
WdL CW
Gi : 234

Ss : 3.11.02
T jRLd LP
15, dV
LVmjo.

Y,Gi

C]m

A[

RL
. T.

1.

jRLm

. 8.50 Ju

42.50

2.

T]

. 102 / P_u

1/2 P_u

51.00

3.

TlTo

. 48 / m

1/4 m

12.00

4.

E\

. 10 / P_u

3/4 P_u

7.50

UjRm

113.00

LVlTm

92

3) ThVXm, RLVm NTodL :

WdL CW
Gi : 1050

Ss : 5.2.02
L AZ NR] AeL
15, Lk R,
UW 2.

Y,

C]m

A[

RL
.

Gi

T.

1.

Nl

, 9.50 Ju

38.00

2.

TtTN

, 32.50 Ju

97.50

3.

, 12.00 / Ik

10

24.00

4.

TPo

, 45 Ju

90.00

UjRm

249.50

LVlTm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4) ThVX NTodL :
WdL CW
W ULlT UjYU]
Nu] 41.
Gi : 8889
Y,Gi

C]m

YWm

Ss : 27.8.02
RL
,. T.

1.

TdL LhPQm

7 ShLs @ , 75 / Ss

525.00

2.

UkLs

7 days @ , 125 / Ss

875.00

3.

UjYo YL

7 days @ , 50 / Ss

350.00

4.

R LYl

7 days @ , 40 / Ss

280.00

UjRm

2030.00

LVlTm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(l : @ Gu\p Rm Gu TsTm,)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

93

5) ThVp RLV NTodL :

WdL CW
V TYu EQYLm
f,
Gi 567
SToLu GidL : 3
Y,
Gi
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ss : 8.7.02
YL
Ch
YP
TeLp
L

, 6
, 5
, 8
, 4

A[

RL
. T.

CWit
Jut
Jut
Jut

6
3
3
3
UjRm

18.00
15.00
24.00
12.00
79.00

LVlTm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2,3,2 ThVp RVjRp :

YqY C]eLm AYtu XLm LdLlThPp Sm ThVX GqR Wu
RVdLXm, X SWeLs Rp Sm ThL[ Ye Ym, X ShLs Lj ThVX
Al YlToLs, G]Y SUdl ThVp RVlT RkkRp, YWdV ThVm, ThVp
RLm NVL Es[R G] Sm XTUL NToj PXm,
GjdLh 42 :
rdLiPYttl ThVp RVdL :
(A)

Ju , 4.50 Rm 10 Shl jRLeLs,

(B)

J P_u 18 Rm 6 T]dLs,
3

(C)
(D)

J m , 40 Rm 4 m Ys[j RsLs,
1 P_u . 24 Rm 9 TupLs,

o :
C]m 1

1 Shl jRLju X = , 4.50

10 Shl jRLeLu X = 4.50 10 = , 45

C]m 2

12 T]dLu X = , 18.00
18
1 T]u X = , 12
18

C]m 3

G]Y 6 T]dLu X = 12 6 = , 9.
1 m Ys[j RsLu X
= , 40.00
3
3

m Y s [j R s L u= 440X= ,

30

94

C]m 4

12 TupLu X = , 24.00
24
1 Tuu X = 12
24

9 TupLu X = 12 9 = , 18
G]Y ThVp rdLiPY AUm :
Y,Gi
C]m
X

1.
2.
3.

4.50 / Ju
18 / P_u
40 / m

Shl jRLeLs
T]
Ys[j RsLs

A[
1
0
6
3

RL
, T,
45.00
9.00

30.00

4
4.

TupLs
24 / P_u

9
UjRm

18.00
102.00

Tt 2.9
1) rdLiPYttl ThVp RVo NnL : (A) X
, 12 Rm 5 X A,
(B) X , 24 Rm 2 X Tl (C) X
, 16 Rm 3 X NodLW (D) X , 10
Rm 500 Wm El
2) rdLiPYttl ThVp RVo NnL :
(A) Tj UjWLs , 7.00 Rm 15 UjWLs (B) Ju ,
23 Rm 2 TtTN Ls
(C) 100 ,, , 150.00 Rm 60 ,, Uk (D) 10 ,
, , 2.00 Rm 100 ,, GiQn
3) Bu tT] XVm, Nu]-20Cp 5.10.02 Au YeLlThP ThLdl ThVp RVo NnL,
(A) J hPo , 13.00 Rm 500 ,, Tp TdLhLs 5 (B) X ,
175 Rm 100 Wm Sn
(C)

X , 160 Rm 250 Wm YiQn

4) rdLiPYttl ThVp RVo NnL : (A) Ju ,

20 Rm 5 WLs ]eLs
(B) Ju , 45 Rm 7 WLs NpXLWLs (C) Ju

, 15 Rm 15 WLs d\s
(D) Ju , 25 Rm 10 WLs TWVo TPpLs

95

2,4 d LQdLs
2.41R Yh (AX \)
2.42RYh jWm

2,4,1 RYh (AX\) :

SUd TQm RYlTmT RVPkR ApX YeLkR ApX
Y]eLkR Sm TQm T\m, ld LdmT lhP LXjt AkRl TQjRl
TVuTjVRtLL YeV TQjR P Nt RXLj R\m,
YeV TQm ANp G]lTm,
RXLd LdLlT\ TQm Yh G]lTm, UjR
RL = ANp + Yh
AX \:
5 jRLeLu X , 50 GuL, Sm 10 jRLeLu XVd LQ Yim,
5 jRLeLu Xk J jRLju XVd LQdh ARu u 10 jRLeLu XVd
LQYim,
5
jRLeLu X = , 50
1 jRLju X = 50

, 10
10 10 = , 100

G]Y 10

jRLeLu X =

UtLiPY Tj jRLeLu XVd Lm \d AX \ Gu TVo,

AX \Vl TVuTj R Yh Lm \Vd LiTm,
GjdLh 43 :
, 500d Bid 6% Rm J Bid Yh LQdL,
o
ANp = , 500
:
Bi Yh Rm = 6 %
, 100d Ko BidL] Yh = , 6
6
, 500d Ko BidL] Yh = 100
GjdLh 44 :

500 = , 30
1

o
:

, 1200d Bi Yh Rm 5% Gp 2 2 BiLd R Yh LiL,

ANp = , 1200
Bi Yh Rm = 5 %
, 100d Ko BidL] Yh = , 5
5
, 1200d Ko BidL] Yh = 100

1200

= , 60

96

1
2
G]Y , 1200d 2 2

BidL] Yh = 2 60
= 5 60
2
= , 150

GjdLh 45 :
JYo , 2000I J Yep R Nn\o, Ye Bid 4% Yh R\ Gp 3 Bi p
AYo Tm Yh GqY[? 3 BiLs Lj AYo Tm UjRj RL GqY[?
ANp = , 2000

o :

Bi Yh Rm = 4 %
, 100d J Bi Yh = , 4
, 2000d 1 Bi Yh = 4

100

2000 = ,

80

, 2000d 3 Bi Yh = 3 80 = . 240
UjRj RL = ANp + Yh
= , 2000 + 240
= , 2240.

Tt 2.10
1) U GuTYo Bid 7% Yh Rjp , 7000I J Bid R NnRp AYo Tm Yh
GqY[?
2) Lu GuTYo Bid 9% Yh Rm J Y]jp , 10000I BiLd R Nn\o
Gp 1 12 Bi p AYo Tm Yh GqY[?
3) , 12000d Bi Yh 6% Rm 2 BidL] Yh GqY[? 2 Bi p AYo Tm UjRj
RL GqY[?
4) JYo J Y]jk , 4000I 24% Bi Yh Rjp LP]Ll T\o Gp 6 UR
p LdL YiV RL GqY[?
5) Wx GuTYo , 50000I J Yep 8% Yh Rjp R Nn\o, Yhl TQjR
BiRm 4 ULuLd NUULl jd LjRp JqY ULdm GqY[ TQm
Pdm?
6) J YLo , 40000I SiTPk 12 12 % Yh Rjp Ye\o, CWi Bi p ,
5000 Utm J CVkWjRd Lj LP] APd\o Gp AkR CVkWju Ul
GqY[?

2,4,2 R Yh jWm : p
ANp

r Yh Rm
n LXm GuL,

97

, 100d J Bi Yh = r
r

pr

p =

, pd J Bi Yh =
10
0
pr
G]Y , pd n BidL] Yh =

100

n =

prn

10
0
pn
Yh (I) = r
10
0
NVpT :
Tt 2.10Cp Es[ LQdL[ jWjRl TVuTj RYh LQdL,
]p LsL
1. YeV TQm ANp
2. RXLd LdLlTu\ TQm Yh
3. UjRj RL = ANp + Yh
4. I = 100pnr

AXj Ro 2
20 x 1 =
20

T I
NV] PVj RkR,
1) 3 : 4 df NU] Rm
(A) 12 : 9
(B) 6 : 10
(C) 4 : 3
2) , 150I 3 : 2 G] dmT Pdm TV T
(A) 50
(B) 90
(C) 100
3) rdLiPYtp G R NUm AUdm?
(A) 2 : 3 = 3 : 2
(B) 2 : 5 = 4 : 8
3:5
: 10 Gp ThP Gi
4) =

(C) 3 : 2 = 6 : 4

(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7
5) J TPjp 1 N,, B] 10 hPWd jRp W u]m
(A) 1 : 10
6) 25% df NUU]
1

(B) 1 : 100

(C) 1 : 1000

(D)
6
:8
(D) 120
(D)
3
:4=4:5

(D)
8
(D)
1
: 10000
1
(D)

(A) 2
7) 25Cp 5 B]
(A) 20%

(B) 3

(C) 4

(B) 25%

(C) 30%

(D) 40%

8) , 10d YeLlThP TV] , 15d tLlTYRp Pdm CXT NRRm

(A) 25%

(B) 50% (C) 75%

(D) 100%
9) , 20d YeLlThP J TmU , 10d tLlTYRp HtTm SxP NRRm

10)

98

(A) 25%
(B) 50%
(C) 75%
, 200d 5% Bi Yh Rjp J Bi Yh
(A) , 5
(B) , 10
(C) , 15

(D)
100%
(D) , 20

oj NnL :
11) J Wtm J X Wtm Es[ Rm ________
12) jRLeLm ARu XLm ________ U\p Cdm,
13) 0.125 ___________ %
14) 75% GuTRu u]ju dV YYm ______________ .
15) 3 : 7 = ____________ : 21
16) 4a = 3b Gp a : b = ______ : ______ .
17) 300Cp 20% = ______________ .
18) CXTm = ______________ APdL X,
19) CXTm ApX SxPm ______________ XVl Tj LQdPlTm,
20) hj RL = ___ + I
T II
21) 2 : 3 ApX 3 : 4 CYtp G V?

10 x 2 = 20

22) 3 : 5d CWi NU] ReL[ GL,

23) , 1200I 2 : 3 Gu\ Rjp dL,
24) 10 : 15 = 2 : 3 GuT R NUU G] BWnL,
25) 1.61 , = 1 Up Gp 3 UpLd GjR] ,,?
26) J YlT\p Es[ 50 UQdLoLp 70% UQYoLs Gp, UQYoLu GidLVd LiL,
27) 36Cp 8 13 % LiL,
28) 50Cp 12 12 % ApX 20Cp 2 12 % CYtp G V?
29) , 8d YeLlThP TV] 25% SxPjt tLlThPp t\ X LiL,
30) , 525d 52 % Bi Yh Rjp 2 BidL] Yh LQdL,
T III
31) Uu UR YU]m , 12000. AYW U]u UR YU]m , 8000 Gp

4 x 5 = 20

(A) Uu UR YU]jtm AYW U]u UR YU]jtm (B) Uu UR

YU]jtm UjR UR YU]jtm
(C) AYW U]u UR YU]jtm UjR UR YU]jtm Es[ ReL[d LiL,
32) 25 jRLeLu X , 300 Gp (A) 35
jRLeLu X GqY[?
(B) , 2400d GjR] jRLeLs YeLXm?
33) JYo 65 hPL[ , 81.25d Ye\o, ShLdl u 10 hPLs A u\],
Rs[ hPL[ , 1.50 G] t\p Pdm CXTm ApX SxP NRRjRd LiL,

99

34
)

ThVXf NTodL :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WdL CW

TW AeL
Nu] 5.
Gi : 1234
Y,Gi

C]m

Ss : 12.12.2002
A[
RL
, T,

1.

Nl

, 10 Ju

50.00

2.

ReLn GiQn

, 160 / ,

250 ,,

40.00

3.

TPo

, 180 / P_u

30.00

4.

TtTN

, 250 / ,,

100 Wm

25.00

UjRm

145.00

LVlTm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

100

3, A[YLs
3.1 Uhd A[YLs
3.2 LX A[YLs
3.3 TWlT[m t\[m

3,1 Uhd A[YLs :

ThLu [m. Ls[[. GP RVYt\ A[dLl TVuTm A[ \Ld A[YLs Gu
TVo, TX SLs RUdL] RV] A[ \L[d Lis[], Gm Uhd A[YLs, LQdP
Lm GRLm XTULm Es[Rp. EXp Es[ TmTuUV] SLs Uhd A[
\VV TVuTju\],
Uhd A[ \p
[ju AlTP AX hPo () GPu
AlTP AX Wm ()
Ls[[u AlTP AX hPo ()
Uhd A[YLu Ut\ Q AXLs Tju AdLp Es[Rp. C RNU \ G]m
AZdLlT\,
C Z Es[ AhPYQ 3.1d LiL :
1 (AX)
1000
100
10
1
1
1
10
100
1000
X

adP

PL

hPo
Wm

Nu

hPo
AhPYQ 3.1
CkR AhPYQ 3.1Cp AlTP AXL[] hPo. Wm. hPo RVY AX CPjp (units
place) Es[].
U] AXLs PL, adP, X (\V Tj. . BWm Gu\ Tp) Gu\
uQlLPu AZdLlTu\],
] AXLs P. Nu. p (\V 10Cp Ju. 100Cp Ju. 1000Cp
Ju Gu\ Tp) uQlLPu AZdLlTu\],
Ut\m (Conversion) :
Uhd \p J U] AXLd ] AXLL Ut\m NnV AR]l Tju AdL[p TdL
Yim, ] AXL U] AXLL Ut\m NnV AR]l Tju AdL[p YdL Yim,
Z RWlThs[ TlTPm 3.1(step diagram)Id LiL :
,, 10

a,, 10

PL,, 10

, 10

P,, 10

N,, 10

,,

TPm 3.1

TPm 3.1.Cp Es[ TLs, lT AXp (X) Ck. f AXL (p)

APYRtL] Y\V Ad\,
GjdLh 1 : 3 ,-Id ] AXL[L UtL,
o :
3 , = 30 a, (3 10)
= 300 PL, (3
100)
= 3000 (3
1000)

3 101

3 102

3 103

= 30000 P, (3 10000)
= 3 104
= 300000 N, (3
100000)
= 3 105
= 3000000 , (3
1000000)
= 3 106
uYm TlTPm 3.2 f AXp (p) Ck, lT AXL (X)
APYRtL] Y\V [d\,
,,10
a,,
10
PL,,
10

10

,
P,,
1
0

N,,
10
,,
TPm 3.2
GjdLh 2 :
1273865 ,-I U] AXLp L,
127386.5
o :
1273865 , = N,

127386
5
10

= 1273865
1

10
= 12738.65 P,

127386
5
100

= 1273865
2

10

1273.865
= ,

127386
5
1000

= 1273865
3

10
127386
= 127.3865 PL, 5
10000

= 1273865
4

10
= 12.73865 a,

127386
5
100000

= 1273865
5

10
= 1.273865 ,

127386
5
1000000

= 1273865
6

10

102

l : CR NVp\] Ut\ CWi A[YL[] jRp Utm

Ls[[YLm uTt\Xm,
RNU \p U] AXLL UtmT RNUsV CPl\UL SLojm, ] AXLL
UtmT RNUlsV YXl\UL SLojm GRL Ut\m
NnVXm,
GjdLh 3 :
(A) 378.6 ,-I hPWL UtL (B) 40.1735 ,-I hPWL UtL
o :
(A) (Ce NuhPW t\WL Ut\ Es[m, ARY ] AXL
U] AXLL Ut\ Es[m,
100 N, = 1
378.
G]Y 378.6 N, = 6

100
3.78
= 6
(RNUlsV C CXdLeLs
CPl\m SLoj Es[m),
(B) (CeL U] AXLd ] AXLL Ut\ Es[m, G]Y RNUlsV
YXlTdLm Rs YdL Yim),
1, = 1000
40.1735 , = 40.1735 1000
0= 40173.5
3.11hPp A[YLs
3.12jRp A[YLs
3.13Ls[[YLs
3.14Uhd A[YLp hPm LjRm
3.15Uhd A[YLp TdLm YjRm
3.16TWlT[ A[YLs
3.17L] A[ A[YLs

3,1,1 hPp A[YLs :

J RXdLhl Thu A[] GqY \m? 53 N,, 63 N, Gu
NuhPp ApXY? J YlT\u [m Utm ALXjR GqY A[d\m? hPp ApXY?
CWi CPeLd CPV Es[ RXY GqY \m? XhPp ApXY?
CY A]jm [m. ALXm. EVWm. RX Tu\ hPp A[YLu X GjdLhLs
Bm,
HtL]Y LPkR YlLp hPp A[YL[l Tt eLs TjsoLs, C rdLiPYt\ ]oL,
1.

hPp A[YLs

dLUL Gm \

p hPo

Nu hPo

N,

P hPo

P,

hPo

PL hPo

PL,

adP hPo

a,

X hPo

103

2. Ut\p AhPYQLs :
10
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

= 1 N,

N,

= 1 P,

P,

= 1

= 1 PL,
=
PL, 1 a,
=
1 ,
a,
=
100 N,
1
=
1000
1 ,
AhPYQ 3.2

YdL :
AhPYQ 3.2Il TVuTj uYY]Yt\ WlL : (A) 1 =
__________ ,
(B) 1 , = _________ PL,
(C) 1 a, = ________
(D) 1000 P, = _________ a, (E)
100 , = _________ P,

3,1,2 jRp A[YLs :

L. [. A. NodLW. Tl Tu\ ThL[ ULd LPLp Ck Sm GkR
A[Lp Ye\m? Wm, XWm Tu\ A[Lp
ApXY? LnL tTYoLs LnLL[ GqY GPTu\]o? XWmLp ApXY?
UjR VTLs ThL[ AL A[p GlT YeL\oLs G]j RU? iPp Utm
PuLpR]? ReLjR SmUp
Tm A[Lp YeL U? ReLju X ALm, G]Y SmUp ReLjR AL A[p YeL
CVX, UdLs Wm Utm pWm A[Lp UhU
ReLjR Ye\oLs, CjRLV A[YLs jRp A[YLdf X GjdLhLs Bm,
YdL :
(A) jRp A[Yu AlTP AX Gu]? ARu U] Utm ]
AXLs VY? AYt\f dLU] \p GL, (B) 1
NYWd GjR] Wm ReLm EeLdj RU? rddP
AhPYQ 3.3Id LiL:
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

= 1 N,

N,

= 1 P,

P,

= 1

= 1 PL,

1
0 PL,
= 1 a,
1
0 a,
= 1 ,
100
0
= 1
,
100
0
= 1 ,

100 ,
= 1 iPp ()
100
0
= 1 Pu
,
AhPYQ 3.3

104

YdL :
(A) J Pud GjR] iPpLs? (B) 1 ,,p GjR]
p WmLs Es[] ?

3,1,3 Ls[[YLs :
UjYoLs ZkRLd Uk Utm TV Nh Uk Tu\Ytu
A[L[ GqY oQd\oLs? p hPpR]? RtLXeLp ]Wp o Y[Lm (cans)
lLm (bottles) tLlT\, Y[Ls Utm lLu Ls[[Ls Gu] RU? hPo Utm
p hPo ApXY? E] RVo ]m GjR] hPo Tp Ye\oLs?
UtLiPY Ls[[YLdf X GjdLhLs Bm,
AhPYQ 3.4Il TdL
10 ,
10 N,

= 1 N,
= 1 P,

10 P,

= 1

10

= 1 PL,

10 PL,

= 1 a,

10 a,
= 1 ,
AhPYQ 3.4
YdL :
(A) 1 hPd GjR] p hPoLs?
(B) 500 ,,-I hPWL UtL,
(C) 1 , RiW J Yp WlT CVU? Hu?
\ULiP APPYQLs 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 CYt\l TVuTj hPp, jRp
Utm Ls[[YLp Ko AX] AYtu Ut\ AXLd Ut\m NnVXm,
GjdLh 4 : 6 hPW p hPWL UtL,
l : Ce hPo AXL p hPo AXLL Ut\ Es[m, ARY U]
AX]d ] AXLL Ut\ Es[Rp TdLp NVXl TVuTjR Yim,
o :
Y\ 1 :
G]Y

1 = 1000 ,
6 = 6 1000
= 6000 ,

YdL :
TlTm 3.1Cp hPp Ck p hPW APV GjR]l TLs
\eL Yim? 103Cu Ul Gu]?
Y\ 2 :

P, N,

,
= 6000 ,

6
G]Y

0
= 6000 ,

105

l : CWiPY Y\Vl TVuTjmT LdLlThP AXp

Ye Ut\ YiV AX YW, AXL[ C\e YNp GR Yim,
GjdLh 5 :
8 , 3 PL, CR] Wp GL,
o :
Y\ 1 :
G]Y

100
1 , = 0

1 PL, = 10
8 , 3 PL, = 8 1000 + 3 10
=
8000 + 30
803
= 0

Y\ 2 :
,

a,

PL,

= 8030

YdL :
UtLiP CWi \Lp GkR \p NnY GUVLm, dLULm Es[?
CWiPYR \p a,, Utm Wm CYttd Z Hu 0
G\m?
GjdLh 6 :
5 , 7 a, 8 -I Nu hPWL UtL,
o :
,
5

a,

PL,

P,

N,

= 570800 N,

YdL :
(A) UtLiP GjdLh 6-Cp p hPo AXL GRpX, Hu? (B) CkR
LQd] Y\ 1-Cp NnL,
GjdLh 7 :
2769 -Id XWp L,
o :
1000 = 1 ,
2769
G]Y

, (Ce Hu Yd\m?)

2769 = 1000
= 2.769 ,

d\ :
,

a,

PL,

= 2.769 ,

2
l :

2769

=
0=
0=
0=

2000 + 700 + 60 + 9
2 1000 + 7 100 + 6 10 + 9
2 1 , + 7 1 a, + 6 1 PL, + 9
2 , + 7 a, + 6 PL, + 9

106

GjdLh 8 :
60541 N,-I PL hPWL UtL,
o :
d\ :
PL,
60

P,
4

N,
1

= 60.541 PL,

YdL :
PL hPd Z 60 (ARY CWi CXdLeLs) Gs[m, Hu?
GjdLh 9 :
7.2513 a,-I Wp L,
o :
1 a,
7.2513 a,

= 100 [100 = 102]

= 725.13

l : U] AXLd ] AXLL UtYRp RNUlsV YXl\m SLoj

d\m,
GjdLh 10 :
5925.8 N,,-I PL hPp L,
o :
1000 N, = 1 PL, (1000 = 103)
5925.8 N, = 5.9258 PL, (GlT?)
GjdLh 11 :
7402 ,,-I iPp GL,
o :
, =1
, = 7402

100
7402

100
74.02

GjdLh 12 :
3 Pu 7 18 ,,-I X WUL UtL,
o :
100
1 Pu = 0
,
1 = 100 ,
G]Y 3 Pu 7 18 , = 3 1000 , + 7 100 , + 18 ,
=
3000 , + 700 , + 18 ,
371
= 8
,
GjdLh 13 :
25 , 37 -I hPWL UtL,

107

o :
G]Y

1 , = 1000
25 , 37 = 25 1000 + 37
= 25000 + 37
= 25037

YdL :
UtLiP GjdLh 13-Cp Es[ LQdLf d \p NnL,

Tt 3.1
1
) hPWL UtL :
(A) 6873 ,
(D) 454 N,
2
) XWUL UtL :
(A) 5824 P,
(D) 3905 a,
3
) p hPWL UtL :
(A) 3948
(D) 532 N,
4
) XhPWL UtL :

(B) 9080 PL,

(C) 5432 a,

(E) 7524 ,

(F) 879 P,

(B) 1840

(C) 1246 PL,

(E) 2798 N,

(F) 4195 ,

(B) 25 ,

(C) 307 P,

(E) 41 a,

(F) 38 PL,

(A) 4, 3 a, 4 PL, 6
(C) 8 a, 6 7 P,
5
) NuWUL UtL :

(B) 17 , 5 PL, 3 P,
(D) 5 , 3 1 P, 9 N,

(A) 7 8 P, 6 ,

(B) 5 PL, 4 7 P, 3 N,

(C) 19 P, 8 ,
6
) hPWL UtL :

(D) 12 33 N,

(A) 3 , 5 a, 4 PL, 6

(B) 7 a, 9 PL, 6 P, 4 N,

(C) 7 , 233
(D) 10 , 74
7
) rdLiPYt\ APlp dLlThs[ AXp UtL :
(A) 73.593 (a,-Cp)

(B) 9301.78 (,-Cp)

(C) 1208.2 PL, (,-Cp)

(D) 13.1 , (hPp)

(E) 60.49 (P,-Cp)

(F) 4.937 PL, (N,-Cp)

8
) Pu-Lp L:
(A) 8691 ,
9
) iPp L :
(A) 72 Pu
10) XWp GL :

(B) 764 ,

(C) 546 q

(D) 3293 q

(B) 3.7 Pu

(C) 4321 ,

(D) 809.2 ,

(A) 3 Pu 5
(C) 6 Pu 38

(B) 4 Pu 7 51 ,
(D) 72 34 ,

108

3,1,4 Uhd A[YLp hPm LjRm :

Uhd A[YLs Tju AdL[ AlTPVLd LiPY G] HtL]Y TojRm, G]Y
Uhd A[YLp hPm LjRm GiVp Es[ hPp Utm LjRp Tu\ AUm,
GjdLh 14 :
hL : 7 2 P, 5 N, ;
o :

P,
7
2
4
3
5
0
16
Rp :

16

4 3 P, 6 N,

5 8 N,

N,
5
6
8

6 P,

9 N,

GjdLh 15 :
JYo 4 SToLdd rdLiP A[Lp NhPj Ye]o :
2 4 P,,
2 1 P, 5 N,,
YeV u UjR [jRd LiL,
o :

1 9 P, 6 N,, 2 8 N,. AYo

Rp STd

CWiPY STd

u\Y STd

SuLY STd

Rp

u A[

P, N,
1
5

YeV u UjR [m 8 5 P, 9 N,.

GjdLh 16 :
8 2 P, 9 N, k 6 4 P, 5 N,-Id LdL,
o :

Rp

8
6

P,
2
4

N,
9
5

jVNm 1 8 P, 4 N,
GjdLh 17 :
J EQYLjt S[ud 500 Tp RYlT\, J Ss 427.75
Tp UhU T\lThP, Tt\d\ Tu A[ Gu]?

109

o :
RYV] Tu A[
427.75
T\lThP Tu A[

500.00

72.25
Tt\d\ Tu A[72.25 .
YdL :
500 GuTm and 500.00 GuTm NUU? GjdLh 17Cp 500 GuTR 500.00
G] Hu G\m?

Tt 3.2
1) rdLiPYt\ hL :
(A) 6 5 P, 2 N, + 7 5 N, + 3 6 P, 8 N,. (B) 7
253 , + 15 705 , + 3 127 ,
(C) 18 , 523 + 11 , 75 + 8 , 65 (D)
23.137 , + 30.058 , + 7.009 ,
2) Jo A VT Rp Ss 860.95 , Am. CWiPY Ss 525.8 ,
Am. u\Y Ss 605.56 , Am tT] NnRo, u
ShLm Noj AYo tT] NnR Au A[Yd LiL,
3) WLx 15 357 , YiU YiQlfm (paint), 6 235 , Yl YiQlfm. 12 569 ,
X YiQlfm Ye]o, AYo UjRm
GjR] hPo YiQlf Ye]o?
4) Ko JlTkRdLWPm J NX AUdm T JlTPdLlThP, AYo Rp Su
YWeLp \V 56.08 , 80.47 , 73.95 , 69.72 [s[ NX
AUjRo, Su YWeLm Noj AYo AUjR NXu [jRd LiL,
5) J NodLW BXp u ShLp EtTj NnVlThP NodLWu A[ YU : 5 Pu
7 65 ,; 8 Pu 6 72 ,, 7 Pu 3 25 ,. u
ShLm Noj EtTj NnVlThP UjR NodLWu A[Yd LiL,
6) LdL :
(A) 77 , 506 39 , 369
(C) 36 272 , 27 160 ,

(B) 79 515 , 25 923 ,

(D) 85 38 N, 43 29 N,

7) J UYojV HtYdmT 32 N, [m CkR, RtT ARu [m 25

N, 8 , GkR UYoju A[ Gu]?
8) J Y[p (can) 16 GiQn CkR, Ap 9.275 GiQn
TVuTjRlThPp Y[p Es[ GiQn A[Yd LiL,
9) J NjQd Pjt 75 , 450 Tl JdLlThP, Ap 53 , 275
Tl TVuTjRlThP, Clp Es[ Tlu A[Yd LiL,
10) Tu 7 250 , ThWp Ye YkRo, Ap 5 750 ,. ThWp
TVuTj]o, AYPm RtT GqY[ ThWp Cdm?

110

3,1,5 Uhd A[YLp TdLm YjRm :

Uhd AXLs Tju AdLp Es[] GuTR HtL]Y LiPm, Uhd A[YLu
TdLm YjRm GiVp Es[ TdLp. YjRX Jjdm,
GjdLh 18 :
7 18 N,I 12Bp TdL,
o :

7 18 N, = 7.18
7.18 12

G]Y

=
86.16 86

16 N,

=
7 18 N, 12 86

16 N,

l : LdLlThP A[L[ JW AXLL UtV uRu TdLY

ApX YdLY Yim,
YdL :
GjdLh 18-Cp Es[ LQdLf Nu hPp Utf NnL,
GjdLh 19 :
J UNu GP 12.523 ,. AR A[s[35 UNLu GPVd LiL,
o :

1 UNu GP = 12.523 ,
35 UNLu GP = 12.523 35
62615
37569
438.305 ,
35 UNLu GP 438.305 ,.

GjdLh 20 :
4 650 ,-I 15Bp YdL,
o :
4 650 , = 4650 , (V AXLL Utd LsRp)
310
=
15
4650
45
15
15
0

111

4650 , 15

= 310 ,

YdL :
GjdLh 20-Cp Es[ LQdL hPo AXt Utf NnL, PV
hPp LiL,
GjdLh 21 :
J UWm NnV 5 ReLm RYlT\, 1.5 , ReLjp Ck GjR]
UWeLs NnVXm?
100
o
1
,
=
0

:
1.5 , = 1.5 1000
150
= 0

150
ReLju UjR GP = 0

5 ReLjp NnVlTm
UWju GidL = 1
1500 ReLjp NnVlTm
150
UWeLu GidL = 0
5
= 300 UWeLs
UjR UWeLu GidL = 300

Tt 3.3
1) TdL :
(A) 5 7 P, 6 N, 3
(B) 7.208 , 8
(C) 8 , 145 7
(D) 9.27 13
(E) 5 670 , 16
(F) 4.026 , 20
(G) 27 11
(H) 9 , 15 25
2) J p EiPp Es[ u [m 64 5 P,. ATu\ 15 p
EiPLp Es[ u [m Gu]?
3) Ko Cll Thu GP 2 , 250 . AR A[s[22 ThLu GPVd LiL.
4) J u 4 200 , Rio Lsm, ATu\ 30 uLp Lsm
Riu UjR Ls[[Yd LiL,
5) J StLu GP 13.23 ,. AR A[s[25 StLLu GPVd LiL,.
6) rdLiPYt\f dL :
(B) 75 3 P, 6 N, 12 (C) 84.59 11
(A) 57 84 N, 6
(D) 13 , 600 8
(E) 6 , 471 9
(F) 40 Pu 625 , 13
7) JYo 5 , 250 RXY 10 tLp LPd\o, J tp AYo LPkR
RX GqY[?
8) J lTu tT]V[o 1 PL, 5 lTu Ye ARf NU A[X] 20
iL[L Yh]o, JqY iu [jRd LiL,
9) J GiQnd l 150 GiQn Lsm, 16.5 , GiQV WlT
ATu\ lLs GjR] RY?

112

10) Ko Cmd Lmu [m 26 40 N,. AR JqYum 2 20 N,

[s[ NUU] iL[L Yh]p. YhPlThP iLu GidLVd LiL,

3,1,5 TWlT[ A[YLs :

[m, EVWm, RX Tu\ hPp A[Ls Tt HtL]Y Tjs[m, J hPp A[YV
J Lhj iPLd LRXm, AR hPo ApX ARu Q AXLp lPXm, C TWlT[
Gu\p Gu] GuT Ttm Uhd \p AR GqY dLXm GuT Ttm LQXm,
J jRLjR J UN YjRp A UN CPjR APjd Ls\,
LmTXL Ytu CPjR APjd Ls\, RW J TVl TWl]p, Tn
RWp CPjR APjd Ls\, CqY ThLs APdm CPju A[ AlTu
TWlT[ G]lT\,
G]Y. J Ts J NUR[l Tp APdm CPju A[ AlTu TWlT[ G]lT\,
TWlT[u AX:
TPm 3.3Il TodL, A 1 N,.

TdL A[ LiP
1 c m1 c

J NWm Bm, G]Y AR 1N, NWm Gu\m,

ARu TWlT[ 1 NW NuhPo Bm, CRf dLUL

1 N,N, G] GRXm, CRV Sm AX NWm

1cmm
1cm
1cm

Gu\m, TWlT[Y A[lTRtL] AlTP AX CkR

AX NWm Bm,

TPm 3.3

J Tu TWlT[Yd dL NW NuhPo
ApX N, 2 Gu\ AX TVuTjRlT\,
l : 1 , ApX 1 N,
ApX 1
Tu\ TdL A[s[ J NWjR
TWlT[ LQ AlTP AXLLd Ls\m, J Tu TWlT[
LQ YqY A[Ls[ NWeL[l TVuTj]p NV] TWlT[
LQ CVX, G]Y TWlT[u AlTP AX AYVU\,
2 N,

C TPm 3.4Il TodL, C 2 N, NWm Bm,

ARY 2 N, TdL A[s[ NWm Bm, CfNWm

2
N,

2 N,

4 AX NWeL[d Lis[, G]Y CRu TWlT[

2 N,

4 N,N, Bm,
TPm 3.4
C TPm 3.3, 3.4 CYtp Es[ YYeL[m TWlT[L[m JlL,

YdL :

TPm 3.3

TPju YYm
1 N, NWm

TPju TWlT[
1 N,N,

TPm 3.4

2 N, NWm

4 N,N,

(A) 10 N, NWm GjR] AXL NWeL[d Lidm? (B) 10

N, NWjR 1 P, NWm Gu \XU?

113

l :

jRLm, AgNp AhP Tu\ V ThLu TWlT[L[d dL

N,N,-I AXLLl TVuTj\m, B]p [Vhj Pp. YlT\. RhPm Tu\
TV TLu TWlT[L[d dL N,-I AXLLl TVuTj\m,
hPp A[YLs

TWl A[YLs

1 N, = 10 ,
1 P, = 10 N,

1 N,N, = 100 N,, (10 10)

1 N,P, = 100 N,N,
N,N,
=
1 N, 10000
(100 100)

1 = 100 N,
1 PL, = 10

1 a, = 100

N,PL,
1

= 100.

=
N,a, 10000

N,
N,

AhPYQ 3.5
YVu TWlT[ Cum TRL CdURXp ARu TWlT[Y NW WhPo ApX Ho
ApX adPo Tu\ AXL[p d\m,
100 N, = 1 Ho
100 Ho = 1 adPo
10000 N, = 1 adPo
AhPYQ 3.6
C LdLlThP TWlT[ AXL ARu Ut\ AXLd GqY Ut\Xm
G] LiTm,
GjdLh 22 :
5 N,-I NW Nu hPWL UtL,
o :
1 N, = 10000 N,N,
5 10000
5 N, = N,N,
= 50000 N,N,
GjdLh 23 :
3675 N,N,-I NW hPWL UtL,
o :
10000 N,N, = 1 N,.
3675 N,N, = 3675
10000 N,
= 0.3675 N,
GjdLh 24 :
12500 N,-I (A) HWL (B) adPWL UtL,
o :
(A)

100 N, = 1 Ho
H
12500 N, = 12500 o
100

125
= Ho

114

10000 N, = 1 adPo
12500 N, = 12500

(B)

adPo

10000

= 1.25 adPo
GjdLh 25 :
7 adPo-I (A) HWL (B) NWhPWL UtL,
o :
(A)

1 adPo = 100 Ho
7 adPo = 7 100 Ho
= 700 Ho

(B)

1 adPo = 10000 N,
7 adPo = 7 10000 N,
= 70000 N,.

GjdLh 26 :
165Ho-I (A) NW hPWL
o :

(B) adPWL UtL

1 Ho = 100 N,.

(A)

165 Ho = 165 100 N,

= 16500 N,
100 Ho = 1 adPo
165 Ho = 165

(B)

100

adPo

= 1.65 adPo
GjdLh 27 :
0.4 adPo-I

(A) Hp

(B) NWhPp L,

o :
(A)

1
0.4

adPo = 100 Ho
adPo = 0.4 100 Ho
= 40 Ho

(B)

1
0.4

adPo = 10000 N,
adPo = 0.4 10000 N,
= 4000 N,

YdL :

10 = 1 PL,
10 10 = 1 PL, 1 PL,
ARY 100 N, = 1 N,PL,
ARY

1 Ho =

1 PL,

CR Tu adPdm NW adPhPdm Es[ RPoTd LiL,

115