Final Examination 2011 CHEMISTRY Paper 2 Answers Q 1(a) Answer pV = nRT

pV nT 101 .3x10 3 x 22 .41 x10 3 = 1x 273 .0 R=

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(b) (i) (ii)

= 8.316 J K-1 mol-1 The presence of intermolecular forces of attraction between the chlorine molecules Under high temperatures and low pressures At high temperatures, the molecules have more kinetic energy At low pressures, the molecules are further apart Intermolecular forces become less significant

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(c) (i)

Number of moles of X =

800 22 .41 x10 3

= 0.0357 mol Mr of X =
1.00 0.0375

= 28.01 C2H4

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Q 2 (a) (i) (ii)

Answer Hunds rule 3d 4s

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(iii) (iv)

2 Decrease in the electron-electron repulsion

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(b) (i) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 (ii)

Energy uncatalysed uncatalysed

Reaction pathway

Same H Labeled curves One hump Or two humps

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(iii)

Colourless to brown // Brown to colourless Gas evolved / efferversence

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Q 3(a) (i)

Answer Ground state: Excited state: 2s 2p

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2s 2p 3 (ii) - Carbon atom undergoes sp hybridisation - One 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals hybridise to form four new equivalent sp3 hybrids - Each hybrid orbital overlaps with the s orbital of the hydrogen atom to form bond - The shape of the molecule is tetrahedral 3 (b) (i) N H
107o

1 H H 1 1 1 3 10

- Nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus (ii) - Thus the bond angle H N H is larger than the bond angle H P H - The bonding electron pairs are closer to the nitrogen atom and causes more repulsion

Q 5 (a)

Answer PCO = PH2 = 183 kPa Kp = PH2 x PCO PH2O = ( 183kPa ) x (183 kPa) (90.0 kPa) Or

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(b)

= 372 kPa Acids : C6H5OH CH3COOH (ii) CH3COOH is stronger acid than C6H5OH The position of equilibrium is very much to the right because of the very large Kc value. Or The proportions / concentrations of C6H5OH and CH3COO- are very much greater than C6H5O- and CH3COOH

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(c) (i) Pb (aq) + CrO4 (aq) PbCrO4(s) (ii) Ksp = [Pb2+][CrO42-] [Pb2+][CrO42-] = 1.69 x 10-14 [Pb2+]2 = 1.69 x 10-14 Solubility = [Pb2+] = 1.3 x 10-7 mol dm-3

2+

2-

Q Answer 6 (a) Group 8 and Period 4 Physical properties 1. High melting point 2. Good electrical conductor Any one of the above Chemical properties 1. Form complex ions 2. Coloured compounds 3. Exhibit multiple oxidation states. 4. Act as catalyst Any one of the above (b) (i) A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance can exist as a single phase or as two or more phases in equilibrium. ii)

Mark 1+1

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1. Correct shape 2. Correct labels for Pressure and Temperature 3. Correct label for triple point and critical point Below triple point Water vapour to ice/solid and then ice/solid to liquid Above triple point Water vapour to liquid

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1. correct shape and labels

(iv) 1. Decreasing pressure at constant temperature below triple. 2. Increasing temperature at constant pressure below triple point 3 & 4. Show correct pathways.

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Q 7(a)

Answer The number of electrons in the outermost shell in boron atom B - 3e 4H - 4e (-) charge - 1e Total = 8e The shape of the molecule is tetrahedral
H

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109.5o
B

H
H

The number of electrons in the outermost shell in sulphur atom S - 6e 6F - 6e Total = 12 e 1 The shape of the molecule is octahedral
F F 90o F F

S
F F

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(b)

1. CCl4 molecule is non-polar 2. Chlorine atom is more electronegative than carbon atom. The pairs of bonding covalent electrons are attracted more to the chlorine atom. Or Chlorine atoms thus possess a partial negative charge while carbon atom possesses a partial positive charge. 3. However, because the shape of the molecule is symmetrical, 4. There is a cancellation of dipole moment / the net dipole moment is zero.

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(c) (i)

- Equilibrium shifts to left at high pressure - because position of equilibrium moves to favour fewer moles (of gas) - At high temperature reaction yield is low (or vice versa) - At low temperature reaction is slow (or vice versa) 1 - Therefore use a balance (or compromise) between rate and yield 1

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8. 2

3 2

3
(iv) phenolphthalein

15 marks