Job Satisfaction Among Canara Bank Employees

Report on Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction among Canara Bank Employees

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Masters of Business Administration , Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar (2008-10)
Submitted to: RBIM
Submitted by: Name - MONICASAINI Roll no. 81002317025
Rayat & Bahra Institute of Management, Sahauran, Kharar.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to convey my heartiest gratitude to several people, for their support and guidance, which helped me to complete this project. I wish to take this opportunity to thank Ms. Anshu Gauba (Faculty coodinator) for permitting me to carry on this project. It is with the deep sense of gratitude that I express my sincere indebtedness to Mr. S.K VERMA , Senior Manager of Canara Bank Sec 44 Chandigarh for providing me an opportunity to work in the organization and enabling me to utilize all the facilities for successful completion of project. Last but not the least, my endless appreciation goes to my family who has stood by my side and given me moral support whenever I was low and boosted my will power.
Thank you!
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Report on Job Satisfaction TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters Page Numbers
1. COMPANY PROFILE...01
2. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE...... . 10 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....31 4. DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION .36 5. FINDINGS ... .59
6. SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION61 7). ANNEXURES.63 BIBLIOGRAPHY...
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CHAPTER - 1 COMPANY PROFILE
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COMPANY PROFILE
A Brief Profile of the Canara Bank Canara Bank is a major commercial bank. It was established in India in 1906, which makes it
among the older Indian banks. As of 2008, the bank had a network of 2641 branches, spread across India and other countries. Its head office is located in Bangalore, India. The bank also has international presence in several centers, including London, Hong Kong, Moscow, Shanghai, Doha, and Dubai. In terms of business it is one of the largest nationalized commercial banks in India, with a total business of about Rs.2 trillion.
History
In 1906 the late Sri. Ammembal Subba Rao Pai, a philanthropist, established the Canara Bank Hindu Permanent Fund in Mangalore, India.[1] The bank changed its name to Canara Bank Limited in 1910 when it incorporated. In 1958, the Reserve Bank of India ordered Canara Bank to acquire G. Raghumathmul Bank, in Hyderabad. This bank had been established in 1870, and had converted to a limited company in 1925. At the time of the acquisition the bank had five branches.[2] The Government of India nationalised Canara Bank, along with 13 other major commercial banks of India, on 19 July 1969.
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In 1983, Canara Bank opened its first overseas office, a branch in London. In 1985, Canara Bank acquired Lakshmi Commercial Bank in a rescue.
Founding Principles

To remove superstition and ignorance. To spread education among all to sub-serve the first principle. To inculcate the habit of thrift and savings. To transform the financial institution not only as the financial heart of the community but the social heart as well. To assist the needy. To work with sense of service and dedication. To develop a concern for fellow human being and sensitivity to the surroundings with a view to make changes/remove hardships and sufferings.
Subsidiary Companies

Canfin Homes Limited Canbank Factors Limited Canbank Venture Capital Fund Limited Canbank Computer Services Limited Gilt Securities Trading Limited Canara Robeco Asset Management Company Limited Canbank Financial Services Limited Canara HSBC Oriental Life Insurance Company Limited
Regional Rural Banks

Shreyas Gramin Bank South Malabar Gramin Bank Pragathi Gramin Bank
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Development projects
Canara bank made a partnership with UNEP to initiate a successful solar loan programme. It was a four-year $7.6 million effort, launched in April 2003 to help accelerate the market for financing solar home systems in southern India.
Major IT initiative
Canara Bank had a major IT initiative to network all branches and move them to a single software platform. Canara Bank chose Flexcube from i-flex solutions as the application. The Bank entered into an agreement with IBM for rolling out flexcube to over 1000 branches as part of Phase I. This phase has just been concluded, with Karaikudi Branch in Tamil Nadu being the 1000th branch to go live. Over 22 million customers are benefitting from this initiative. In March 2009 IT Examiner published reports of major problems with the flexcube implementation.
Loction of the bank: All over India and abroad.
Vision
To emerge as a Best Practices Bank by pursuing global benchmarks in profitability, operational efficiency, asset quality, risk management and expanding the global reach.
Mission

To provide quality banking services . Augmenting low cost deposits. Thrust on retail lending. Toning up asset quality. Accent on cost control. Increasing customer satisfaction.
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Maximizing stakeholders value.
Services offered by Bank 1).PERSONAL BANKING Loans

Home loans Education loans Loans against property Overdrafts.
2). CORPORATE BANKING:

Accounts and deposits Cash management services Loans and advances. Syndication services. Merchant banking services.
3). NRI BANKING:

Deposits products. Loans and advances. Remittance services
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Consultancy services. Other services.
4). Priority credit:

Schemes. SME business SME marketing Agri- marketing Agri consultancy Rural development.
Organizational chart of the organisation
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Awards and achievements
Received during 2007-08
First National Award, instituted by the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Govt. of India for 'Excellence in Micro & Small Enterprises (MSE) Lending' for 2006-07.
'Golden Peacock Award for Corporate Social Responsibility' for the year 2007. Canara Bank is the first PSB to receive the award since its institution in the year 1991.
Golden Peacock National Training Award-2007, instituted by the Institute of Directors, New Delhi, a pioneer in Quality Revolution.
Conferred the Business Superbrands Status for 2008. 'The Organization of the Year Award- for PR Excellence', instituted by Public Relations
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Council of India.
Excellence in the field of Khadi & Village Industries in South Zone for the year 2006-07, Received during 2008-09.
Conferred 'First Rank' in India's Best Banks awards under the category 'Strength and Soundness' for 2006-07 by a survey conducted by Ernst & Young.
Best Performing Bank under Rural Employment Generation Programme, (REGP) of Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), in South Zone for the year 2007-08, instituted by the Ministry of MSME, Government of India.
Golden Peacock National Training Award 2008 for excellence in training. Global HR excellence in Training, an award conferred by the Asia Pacific HR Congress, the largest rendezvous of HR Professionals, at its Employer Branding Talent Management Congress held on 22nd and 23rd August 2008, Delhi.
Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practice Award, instituted by BSE, NASSCOM and Times Foundation.
The Bank won two Silver Corporate Collateral Awards for Best Corporate Ad in the Print Media and Best Corporate Film on Corporate Social Responsibility at the Public Relations Council of India Awards 2009.
FUTURE PROSPECTS OF THE BANK
Canara HSBC Oriental Bank of Commerce Life Insurance Co. Ltd, a joint venture between Canara Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce and HSBC Insurance (Asia Pacific) Holdings Ltd, plans to double its branches to 1,200 from 600 by the end of this fiscal. New investment schemes launced by CANARA BANK in collaboration with HSBC and ORIENTAL
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BANK OF COMMERCE.
SAHAJ It is a saral bima plan. The shareholding pattern of the joint venture is as follows:
Canara bank- 51%, HSBC insurance (asia pacific) holdings limited 26% and Oriental bank of commerce 23%. Aim of SAHAJ To provide you with a transparent range of life insurance products. Policy term: 15 years , Premium payment term: 7 years. Annual premium minimum RS. 6000 Maximum RS. 1,00,000
Sum assured: 5 times annualized premium equivalent. Benefits under this plan:
Insurance cover benfit Partial withdrawls Surrender.
IMAGINE Endless possibilities for your child.
Key features: Ensures your child the best possible education Take care of your childs financial needs even in your absence. Inflation doesnt effects this scheme. Saves tax. Thus canara bank is one of the leading banks among government sector banks. It provides you
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with various services like loans of different kinds, different investment schemes, mutual funds, and other some other types of financial services.
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CHAPTER- 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORk
JOB SATISFACTION
Introduction
Human life has become very complex and completed in now-a-days. In modern society the needs and requirements of the people are ever increasing and ever changing. When the people are ever increasing and ever changing when the peoples needs are not fulfilled they become dissatisfied. Dissatisfied people are likely to contribute very little for any purpose. Job satisfaction of industrial workers us very important for the industry to function successfully. Apart from
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managerial and technical aspects, employers can be considered as backbone of any industrial development. To utilize their contribution they should be provided with good working conditions to boost their job satisfaction.. Job satisfaction is important technique used to motivate the employees to work harder. It is often said that A HAPPY EMPLOYEE IS A PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYEE. A happy employee is generally that employee who is satisfied with his job. Job satisfaction is very important because most of the people spend a major portion of their life at working place. Moreover, job satisfaction has its impact on the general life of the employees also, because a satisfied employee is a contented and happy human being. A highly satisfied worker has better physical and mental well being.
Definitions:
In simple words , job satisfaction can defined as extent of positive feelings or attitudes that individuals have towards their jobs. When a person says that he has high job satisfaction , it means that he really likes his job, feels good about it and value his job dignity.
ANDREW BRIN
Job satisfaction is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with a job. If you like your job intensely, you will experience high job satisfaction.if you dislike your job intensely, you will experience job dissatisfaction.
-P. Robbins
Job satisfaction is a general attitude towards ones job: the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive.
Fieldman and Arnold

Job satisfaction will be defined as amount of overall positive affect that individuals have towards their jobs.
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HISTORY
One of the biggest preludes to the study of job satisfaction was the Hawthorne studies. These studies (1924-1933), primarily credited to Elton Mayo of the Harvard Business School, sought to find the effects of various conditions (most notably illumination) on workers productivity. These studies ultimately showed that novel changes in work conditions temporarily increase productivity (called the Hawthorne Effect). It was later found that this increase resulted, not from the new conditions, but from the knowledge of being observed. This finding provided strong evidence that people work for purposes other than pay, which paved the way for researchers to investigate other factors in job satisfaction. Scientific management (aka Taylorism) also had a significant impact on the study of job satisfaction. Frederick Winslow Taylors 1911 book, Principles of Scientific Management, argued that there was a single best way to perform any given work task. This book contributed to a change in industrial production philosophies, causing a shift from skilled labor and piecework towards the more modern approach of assembly lines and hourly wages. The initial use of scientific management by industries greatly increased productivity because workers were forced to work at a faster pace. However, workers became exhausted and dissatisfied, thus leaving researchers with new questions to answer regarding job satisfaction. It should also be noted that the work of W.L. Bryan, Walter Dill Scott, and Hugo Munsterberg set the tone for Taylors work. Some argue that Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, a motivation theory, laid the foundation for job satisfaction theory. This theory explains that people seek to satisfy five specific needs in life physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization. This model served as a good basis from which early researchers could develop job satisfaction theories.
Importance to Worker and Organization

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Frequently, work underlies self-esteem and identity while unemployment lowers self-worth and produces anxiety. At the same time, monotonous jobs can erode a worker's initiative and enthusiasm and can lead to absenteeism and unnecessary turnover. Job satisfaction and occupational success are major factors in personal satisfaction, self-respect, self-esteem, and selfdevelopment. To the worker, job satisfaction brings a pleasurable emotional state that often leads to a positive work attitude. A satisfied worker is more likely to be creative, flexible, innovative, and loyal. For the organization, job satisfaction of its workers means a work force that is motivated and committed to high quality performance. Increased productivity the quantity and quality of output per hour worked seems to be a byproduct of improved quality of working life. It is important to note that the literature on the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity is neither conclusive nor consistent. However, studies dating back to Herzberg's (1957) have shown at least low correlation between high morale and high productivity, and it does seem logical that more satisfied workers will tend to add more value to an organization. Unhappy employees, who are motivated by fear of job loss, will not give 100 percent of their effort for very long. Though fear is a powerful motivator, it is also a temporary one, and as soon as the threat is lifted performance will decline. Tangible ways in which job satisfaction benefits the organization include reduction in complaints and grievances, absenteeism, turnover, and termination; as well as improved punctuality and worker morale. Job satisfaction is also linked to a more healthy work force and has been found to be a good indicator of longevity. And although only little correlation has been found between job satisfaction and productivity, Brown (1996) notes that some employers have found that satisfying or delighting employees is a prerequisite to satisfying or delighting customers, thus protecting the "bottom line." No wonder Andrew Carnegie is quoted as saying: "Take away my people, but leave my factories, and soon grass will grow on the factory floors. Take away my factories, but leave my people, and soon we will have a new and better factory"
Creating Job Satisfaction
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So, how is job satisfaction created? What are the elements of a job that create job satisfaction? Organizations can help to create job satisfaction by putting systems in place that will ensure that workers are challenged and then rewarded for being successful. Organizations that aspire to creating a work environment that enhances job satisfaction need to incorporate the following:

Flexible work arrangements, possibly including telecommuting Training and other professional growth opportunities Interesting work that offers variety and challenge and allows the worker opportunities to "put his or her signature" on the finished product Opportunities to use one's talents and to be creative Opportunities to take responsibility and direct one's own work A stable, secure work environment that includes job security/continuity An environment in which workers are supported by an accessible supervisor who provides timely feedback as well as congenial team members Flexible benefits, such as child-care and exercise facilities Up-to-date technology Competitive salary and opportunities for promotion .
FACTORS INFLUENING JOB SATISFACTION
SOURCES OF JOB SATISFACTION
Organizational factors
Work environment
Work itself
Personal factors
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There are no. of factors that influence job satisfaction in an organization. A no. of research studies have been conducted in order to establish some of the causes that result in job satisfaction. These studies have revealed consistent correlation of certain variables with the job satisfaction. These factors are given below:
Organizational factors:
1). Salaries and wages : Wages do play a significant role in determining of satisfaction.
Salaries and wages is instrumental in fulfilling so many needs. Money facilities the obtaining of food, shelter, and clothing and provides the means to enjoy valued leisure interest outside of work. More over, salary can serve as symbol of achievement and a source of recognition. Employees often see pay as a reflection of organization. Fringe benefits have not been found to have strong influence on job satisfaction as direct wages. 2). Promotion chances: Promotion chances considerably affect the job satisfaction because of the following reasons:
Firstly, promotion indicates an employeess worth to the organization which is highly moral
boosting. This is particularly true in case of high level jobs.
Secondly, employee takes promotion as the ultimate achievement in his career and when it is
realized , he feels extremely satisfied.
Thirdly, promotion involes positive changes e.g high salary, less supervision, increased status
etc which enhances job satisfaction. 3). Company policies: Organizational structure and policies also play an important role in affection job satisfaction of employees. An autocratic and highly authoritative structure causes
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resentment amomg the employees as compared to a structure which is more open and democratic in nature.
Work environment factors:

1). Supervision: Two dimensions of supervisor style:
Employee centered or consideration supervisors who establish a supportive personal relationship with subordinates and take a personal interest in them. The other dimension of supervisory style influence participation in Decision making, employee who participates in decision that affect their job, display a much higher level of satisfaction with supervisor an the overall work situation . 2). Work group: The nature of the work group or team will have effect on job satisfaction in the following ways:
A friendly and cooperative group provides opportunities to the group members to interact with each other. The work group group will be even a stronger sources of satisfaction when members have similar attitudes and values. Smaller groups provide greater opportunity for building mutual trust and understanding as compared to larger groups. Thus, group size and quality of interpersonal relations within the group play a significant role in workers satisfaction.
3).Working condition: The employees desire good working condition because they lead to
greater physical comfort. The working conditions are important to employees because they can influence life outside of work. If people are require to work long hours and / or overtime, they will have very little felt for their families,
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friends and recreation outside work. So the working conditions inside the organization should be favorable.
Work itself
Along with pay, the content of the work itself plays a very major role in determining how satisfied employees are with their jobs. By and large, workers want jobs that are challenging; they do want to be doing mindless jobs day after day. The two most important aspect of the work itself that influence job satisfaction are variety and control over work methods and work place. In general, job with a moderate amount of variety produce the most job satisfaction. Jobs with too little variety cause workers to feel bored and fatigue. Jobs with too much variety and stimulation cause workers to feel psychologically stressed and burnout.
Job scope: It provides the amount of responsibility , work pace and feed back. The
higher the level of these factors , higher the job scope and higher level of satisfaction.
Variety: A moderate amount of variety is very effective. Excessive variety produces

confusion and stress and too little variety causes monotony and fatigue which are dissatisfiers.
Lack of autonomy and freedom: Lack of autonomy and freedom over work
methods and work pace can create helplessness and dissatisfaction. Employees do not like strict supervision.
Interesting work: A work which is very interesting and challenging and gives status ,
provides satisfaction to the employees.
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Role ambiguity and Role conflict: Role ambiguity and role conflict also lead to
confusion and job job dissatisfaction because employees do not know exactly what their task is and what is expected of them.
Personal factors:
Age and seniority: With age, people become more mature and realistic and less
idealistic so that they are willing to accept available resources and rewards and be satisfied about the situation. With the passage of time , people move into more challenging and responsible positions. People who do not move up at all with time are more likely to be dissatisfied with their jobs.
Tenure: Employees with longer tenure are expected to be highly satisfied with their
jobs. Tenure assures job security , which is highly satisfactory to employees. They can easily plan for their future without any fear of losing their jobs.
Personality: Some of the personality traits which are directly related to job satisfaction
are self assurance, self esteem, maturity , challenge and responsibility. Higher the person is on Maslows needs hierarchy , the higher is the job satisfaction. This type of satisfaction comes from within the person and is a function of his personality.
THEORITICAL AAPROCHES TO JOB SATISFACTION
NEED FULFILL MEN THEORY
EQUITY THEORY
TWO FACTOR THEORY
SOCIAL REFRENCE GROUP THEORY
NEED FULFILLM ENT THEORY
EQUITY THEOR Y
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Theoritical approaches to job satisfaction are as follows: 1) Need fulfillment theory: According to this theory , a person will be satisfied when
he gets what he wants from his job. Job satisfaction will vary directly with the extent to which those needs of an individual , which can be satisfied are actually satisfied. Thus, job satisfaction according to this theory , is a function of the degree to which the employees needs are fulfilled in the giving situation.
2) Equity theory: According to this theory , every individual has a basic tendency to
compare his rewards to with those of a reference group. If he feels his rewards are equitable with others doing the similar work in similar environment, he feels satisfied. this theory thus belives that a person job satisfaction depends upon his perceived equity as determined by his output balance in comparison with input output balance of others. This theory takes into account not only the needs of the employeer but also to the opinion of the refrence group towards which the employee looks for guidance.
3) Two factor theory: This theory states that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are
independent of each other. One set of factors are known as hygiene factors act as dissatisfiers. Their absence causes dissatisfaction like pay, humane working condiditons etc. the other set of factors lead to satisfaction like promotion , recognition etc.
4) Social reference group theory: According to this theory an employee is satisfied

with his job when the job meets the interest , desires, and requirements of a personsreference groups. job satisfaction is a function of the degree to which the job meets the approval of the group to which the individual looks for guidance in evaluating the world and defining social reality.
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5) Discrepancy theory: Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are functions of perceived

relationship between what one wants from ones job and what one perceives it is actually offerings. Satisfaction is thus the difference between what one actually received are less than the expected rewards , it causes satisfaction.
6) Equity discrepancy theory: this is a combination of equity and discrepancy

theory. Under this theory , satisfaction is defined as the difference between the outcomes that one perceives he actually received and outcomes that one feels he should receive in comparision with others. A person perception of what he should receive is influenenced by the inputs and outputs of others. If inputs are similar to those of referent groups but his outcomes are less, he is likely to be satisfied.
7). Affect Theory:

Edwin A. Lockes Range of Affect Theory (1976) is arguably the most famous job satisfaction model. The main premise of this theory is that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what one has in a job. Further, the theory states that how much one values a given facet of work (e.g. the degree of autonomy in a position) moderates how satisfied/dissatisfied one becomes when expectations are/arent met. When a person values a particular facet of a job, his satisfaction is more greatly impacted both positively (when expectations are met) and negatively (when expectations are not met), compared to one who doesnt value that facet. To illustrate, if Employee A values autonomy in the workplace and Employee B is indifferent about autonomy, then Employee A would be more satisfied in a position that offers a high degree of autonomy and less satisfied in a position with little or no autonomy compared to Employee B. This theory also states that too much of a particular facet will produce stronger feelings of dissatisfaction the more a worker values that facet.
DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION

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While analyzing the various determinants of job satisfaction, we have to keep in mind that: all individuals do no derive the same degree of satisfaction though they perform the same job in the same job environment and at the same time. Therefore, it appears that besides the nature of job and job environment, there are individual variables which affect job satisfaction. Thus, all those factors which provide a fit among individual variables, nature of job, and situational variables determine the degree of job satisfaction. Let us see what these factors are:
Individual factors:
Individuals have certain expectations from their jobs. If their expectations are met from the jobs, they feel satisfied. These expectations are based on an individuals level of education, age and other factors.
Level of education:
Level of education of an individual is a factor which determines the degree of job satisfaction. For example, several studies have found negative correlation between the level of education, particularly higher level of education, and job satisfaction. The possible reason for this phenomenon may be that highly educated persons have very high expectations from their jobs which remain unsatisfied. In their case, Peters principle which suggests that every individual tries to reach his level of incompetence, applies more quickly.
Age:
Individuals experience different degree of job satisfaction at different stages of their life. Job satisfaction is high at the initial stage, gets gradually reduced, starts rising upto certain stage, and finally dips to a low degree. The possible reasons for this phenomenon are like this. When individuals join an organization, they may have some unrealistic assumptions about what they are going to drive from their work. These assumptions make them more satisfied. However,
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when these assumptions fall short of reality, job satisfaction goes down. It starts rising again as the people start to assess the jobs in right perspective and correct their assumptions. At the last, particularly at the fag end of the career, job satisfaction goes down because of fear of retirement and future outcome.
Other factors:
Besides the above two factors, there are other individual factors which affect job satisfaction. If an individual does not have favourable social and family life, he may not feel happy at the workplace. Similarly, other personal problems associated with him may affect his level of job satisfaction. Personal problems associated with him may affect his level of job satisfaction.
Nature of job:
Nature of job determines job satisfaction which is in the form of occupation level and job content.
Occupation level: Higher level jobs provide more satisfaction as compared to lower levels.
This happens because high level jobs carry prestige and status in the society which itself becomes source of satisfaction for the job holders. For example, professionals derive more satisfaction as compared to salaried people factory workers are least satisfied.
Job content:
Job content refers to the intrinsic value of the job which depends on the requirement of skills for performing it, and the degree of responsibility and growth it offers. A higher content of these factors provides higher satisfaction. For example, a routine and repetitive lesser satisfaction; the degree of satisfaction progressively increases in job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment.
Situational variables:
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Situational variables related to job satisfaction lie in organizational context formal and informal. Formal organization emerges out of the interaction of individuals in the organization. Some of the important factors which affect job important factors which affect job satisfaction are given below: 1. Working conditions: Working conditions, particularly physical work environment, like conditions of workplace and associated facilities for performing the job determine job satisfaction. These work in two ways. First, these provide means job performance. Second, provision of these conditions affects the individuals perception about the organization. If these factors are favourable, individuals experience higher level of job satisfaction. 2. Supervision: The type of supervision affects job satisfaction as in each type of supervision; the degree of importance attached to individuals varies. In employee-oriented supervision, there is more concern for people which is perceived favourably by them and provides them more satisfaction. In job oriented supervision, there is more emphasis on the performance of the job and people become secondary. This situation decreases job satisfaction. 3. Equitable rewards: The type of linkage that is provided between job performance and rewards determines the degree of job satisfaction. If the reward is perceived to be based on the job performance and equitable, it offers higher satisfaction. If the reward is perceived to be based on considerations other than the job performance, it affects job satisfaction adversely. 4. Opportunity: It is true that individuals seek satisfaction in their jobs in the context of job nature and work environment by they also attach importance to opportunities for promotion that these job offer. If the present job offers opportunity of promotion is lacking, it reduces satisfaction. 5. Work group: Individuals work in group either created formally of they develop on their own to seek emotional satisfaction at the workplace. To the extent such groups are cohesive; the degree of satisfaction is high. If the group is not cohesive, job satisfaction is low. In a cohesive group, people derive satisfaction out of their interpersonal interaction and workplace becomes satisfying leading to job satisfaction.
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Measuring job satisfaction

There are many methods for measuring job satisfaction. By far, the most common method for collecting data regarding job satisfaction is the Likert scale (named after Rensis Likert). Other less common methods of for gauging job satisfaction include: Yes/No questions, True/False questions, point systems, checklists, and forced choice answers. This data is typically collected using an Enterprise Feedback Management (EFM) system. The Job Descriptive Index (JDI), created by Smith, Kendall, & Hulin (1969), is a specific questionnaire of job satisfaction that has been widely used. It measures ones satisfaction in five facets: pay, promotions and promotion opportunities, coworkers, supervision, and the work itself. The scale is simple, participants answer either yes, no, or cant decide (indicated by ?) in response to whether given statements accurately describe ones job. The Job in General Index is an overall measurement of job satisfaction. It is an improvement to the Job Descriptive Index because the JDI focuses too much on individual facets and not enough on work satisfaction in general. Other job satisfaction questionnaires include: the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and the Faces Scale. The MSQ measures job satisfaction in 20 facets and has a long form with 100 questions (five items from each facet) and a short form with 20 questions (one item from each facet). The JSS is a 36 item questionnaire that measures nine facets of job satisfaction. Finally, the Faces Scale of job satisfaction, one of the first scales used widely, measured overall job satisfaction with just one item which participants respond to by choosing a face.
JOB SATISFACTION AND EMOTIONS

Mood and emotions while working are the raw materials which cumulate to form the affective element of job satisfaction. (Weiss and Cropanzano, 1996).. Moods tend to be longer lasting but
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often weaker states of uncertain origin, while emotions are often more intense, short-lived and have a clear object or cause. There is some evidence in the literature that state moods are related to overall job satisfaction.
[
Positive and negative emotions were also found to be significantly related to overall job
satisfaction. Frequency of experiencing net positive emotion will be a better predictor of overall job satisfaction than will intensity of positive emotion when it is experienced. Emotion regulation and emotion labor are also related to job satisfaction. Emotion work (or emotion management) refers to various efforts to manage emotional states and displays. Emotion regulation includes all of the conscious and unconscious efforts to increase, maintain, or decrease one or more components of an emotion. Although early studies of the consequences of emotional labor emphasized its harmful effects on workers, studies of workers in a variety of occupations suggest that the consequences of emotional labor are not uniformly negative. It was found that suppression of unpleasant emotions decreases job satisfaction and the amplification of pleasant emotions increases job satisfaction. The understanding of how emotion regulation relates to job satisfaction concerns two models:
1.
Emotional dissonance. Emotional dissonance is a state of discrepancy between public

displays of emotions and internal experiences of emotions, that often follows the process of emotion regulation.Emotional dissonance is associated with high emotional exhaustion, low organizational commitment, and low job satisfaction.
2.
Social interaction model. Taking the social interaction perspective, workers emotion
regulation might beget responses from others during interpersonal encounters that subsequently impact their own job satisfaction. For example: The accumulation of favorable responses to displays of pleasant emotions might positively affect job satisfaction
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performance of emotional labor that produces desired outcomes could increase job satisfaction.
CONSEQUENCES OF JOB SATISFACTION

Reasearch has concluded that there is a relationship between job satisfaction and performance of the employees. Thus, job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction is an important concern for management. High job satisfaction may lead to improved productivity , decreased turnover , improved attendance , less job stress. Job dissatisfaction produces low morale among the employees and more of stress. The following subtopics explain the outcomes of job satisfaction: 1). Job satisfaction and productivity : There are two views about the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity: 1. A happy worker is a productive worker, 2. A happy worker is not necessarily a productive worker. The first view establishes a direct cause-effect relationship between job satisfaction and productivity; when job satisfaction increases, productivity increases; when satisfaction decreases, productivity decreases. The basic logic behind this is that a happy worker will put more efforts for job performance. However , this may not be true in all cases. For example, a worker having low expectations from his jobs may feel satisfied but he may not put his efforts more vigorously because of his low expectations from the job. Therefore, this viewdoes not explain fully the complex relationship between job satisfaction and productivity.
The another view: That is a satisfied worker is not necessarily a productive worker explains
the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. Various research studies also support this view. This relationship may be explained in terms of the operation of two factors: effect of job performance on satisfaction and organizational expectations from individuals for job performance. 1. Job performance leads to job satisfaction and not the other way round.
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The basic factor for this phenomenon is the rewards (a source of satisfaction) attached with performance. There are two types of rewards intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic reward stems from the job itself which may be in the form of growth potential, challenging job, etc. The satisfaction on such a type of reward may help to increase productivity. The extrinsic reward is subject to control by management such as salary, bonus, etc. Any increase in these factors does not help to increase productivity though these factors increase job satisfaction. 2. A happy worker does not necessarily contribute to higher productivity because he has to operate under certain technological constraints and, therefore , he cannot go beyond certain output. Further, this constraint affects the managements expectations from the individual in the form of lower output. Thus, the work situation is pegged to minimally acceptable level of performance. However, it does not mean that the job satisfaction has no impact on productivity. A satisfied worker may not necessarily lead to increased productivity but a dissatisfied worker leads to lower productivity. 2).Job satisfaction and employee turnover: High employee turnover is a matter of concern for the management as it disrupts the normal operations of the organization. Managerial concern is mostly for the turnover which arises from job dissatisfaction. The employees thus tries to keep the employees satisfied on their jobs to minimize the turnover. Though , high job satisfaction in itself cannot keep the turnover low, but considerable job dissatisfaction will definitely increase the employee turnover. The employee turnover is affected by certain other factors also like if people are highly satisfied with their jobs, they are willing to leave if there are better opportunities available anywhere else. If no other opportunities are available , the employees will stay where they are irrespective of dissatisfaction. On the overall basis , we can say that there is an important role played by job satisfaction in employee turnover. 3). Job satisfaction and absenteeism: Absenteeism refers to the frequency of absence of job holder from the workplace either unexcused absence due to some avoidable reasons or long
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absence due to some unavoidable reasons. It is the former type of absence which is a matter of concern. This absence is due to lack of satisfaction from the job which produces a lack of will to work and alienate a worker form work as for as possible. Thus, job satisfaction is related to absenteeism. 4). Job satisfaction and union activities: High level of job satisfaction reflects a highly favourable organizational climate resulting in attracting and retaining better workers. Satisfied employees are not interested in unions and they do not perceive them as necessary. 5). Job satisfaction and safety: When people are dissatisfied from their jobs, company and supervisors, they are more prone to experience accidents. A satisfied worker will always be careful and attentive towards his job and the chances of accidents will be less.
Workers' Roles in Job Satisfaction
If job satisfaction is a worker benefit, surely the worker must be able to contribute to his or her own satisfaction and well-being on the job. The following suggestions can help a worker find personal job satisfaction:
Seek opportunities to demonstrate skills and talents. This often leads to more challenging work and greater responsibilities, with attendant increases in pay and other recognition. Develop excellent communication skills. Employers value and reward excellent reading, listening, writing, and speaking skills. Know more. Acquire new job-related knowledge that helps you to perform tasks more efficiently and effectively. This will relieve boredom and often gets one noticed. Demonstrate creativity and initiative. Qualities like these are valued by most organizations and often result in recognition as well as in increased responsibilities and rewards.
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Develop teamwork and people skills. A large part of job success is the ability to work well with others to get the job done. Accept the diversity in people. Accept people with their differences and their imperfections and learn how to give and receive criticism constructively. See the value in your work. Appreciating the significance of what one does can lead to satisfaction with the work itself. This helps to give meaning to one's existence, thus playing a vital role in job satisfaction.
Learn to de-stress. Plan to avoid burnout by developing healthy stress-management techniques.
Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction

Satisfied workers provide better customer service if it linked to Customer Satisfaction factors: Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction because: They are more friendly, upbeat, and responsive. They are less likely to turnover, which helps build long-term customer relationships. They are experienced. Dissatisfied customers increase employee job dissatisfaction.
Assuring Job Satisfaction

Assuring job satisfaction, over the longterm, requires careful planning and effort both by management and by workers. Managers are encouraged to consider such theories as Herzberg's(1957) and Maslow's (1943) Creating a good blend of factors that contribute to
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a stimulating, challenging, supportive, and rewarding work environment is vital. Because of the relative prominence of pay in the reward system, it is very important that salaries be tied to job responsibilities and that pay increases be tied to performance rather than seniority. So, in essence, job satisfaction is a product of the events and conditions that people experience on their jobs. Brief (1998) wrote: "If a person's work is interesting, his pay is fair, his promotional opportunities are good, his supervisor is supportive, and his coworkers are friendly, then a situational approach leads one to predict he is satisfied with his job" Very simply put, if the pleasures associated with one's job outweigh the pains, there is some level of job satisfaction
CHAPTER 3
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Meaning of Research
Research is defined as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a systemized effort to gain new knowledge. It is a careful inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. The search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is a research.
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Research Methodology
Research is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. It is essentially an investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge. According to Clifford woody, research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research is the arrangement of the conditions for the collections and analysis of the data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. In fact, the research is design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blue print of the collection, measurement and analysis of the data. As search the design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis and its operational implication to the final analysis of data.
The design is such studies must be rigid and not flexible and most focus attention on the following :
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
TYPES OF RESEARCH
DESCRIPTIVE & DIAGNOSTIC
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN Page | 36
The present study is exploratory in nature, as it seeks to discover ideas and insight to bring out new relationship. Research design is flexible enough to provide opportunity for considering different aspects of problem under study. It helps in bringing into focus some inherent weakness in enterprise regarding which in depth study can be conducted by management.
Objectives of the study:

This project work characterizes to evaluate job satisfaction level of employees working in various branches of Canara bank. The objectives of the study are as follows: A. To analyze banks working environment. B. To study and analyse the satisfaction level of employees at Canara Bank. C. To study various factors which influences job satisfaction of employees. D. To study the relationship between personal factors of employees (income, designation, education qualification etc.) E. To identify and suggest measures for the improvement of the satisfaction level.
AREA OF STUDY
The study was conducted in two branches of Canara Bank in Chandigarh.
SAMPLE SIZE
There were 25 respondents working in 2 branches of Canara Bank.
SOURCES OF DATA
Data was collected from both primary and secondary source.
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Primary data:
The primary data was conducted through structured questionnaire and some personal interview.
Secondary data:
Secondary data was collected from books, magazines, internet, newspapers.
SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of the study is very vital. Not only the Human Resource department can use the facts and figures of the study but also the personnel, finance and sales department can take benefits from the findings of the study.
Scope for the sales department

The sales department can have fairly good idea about their employees,that they are satisfied or
not.
Scope for personnel department

Some customers have the complaints or facing problems regarding the job. So the personnel department can use the information to make efforts to avoid such complaints.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Data collected was based on questionnaire and interview method only. Total number of employees in canara bank is more but sample size is limited to 50 only. The research was conducted in limited duration only. Survey can vary from city to city. Some respondants hesitated to give actual situation , they feared that management would take action against them. The findings and conclusions can result in bias.
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Statistical tools used for interpretation and analysis

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS: It refers to special kind of ratio; percentages are used in
making comparison between two or more series of data, and used to describe the relation. Since to percentage reduced everything to a common based and thereby allows meaningful comparison to be made.
CHAPTER 4
DATA INTERPRETATION
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AND ANALYSIS
1). Age of employees in bank: Age Respondents Percentage BELOW 30 07 28% 31-45 13 52% ABOVE 45 05 20%
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Below 30 30
31-45 years
Above 45 years
Source: Questionnaire to the Employees. Analysis: The above Table shows the following.The analysis revealed that 28% of the
respondents are below the age of 30 years. 52% of the respondents are between the age group of 31 to 45 years and only 20% are above 45years.
2). Gender of employees GENDER RESPONDANT PERCENTAGE MALE 14 56% FEMALE 11 44%
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Source: Questionnaire to the Employees. Analysis: The above Table shows the following.
The analysis revealed that 56% of the respondents working in bank are MALE and 44% FEMALES are working.
3).Marital status of employees:
MARITAL STATUS RESONDENTS PERCENTAGE
SINGLE 7 28%
MARRIED 18 72%
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The analysis revealed that 28% of the respondents working in bank are SINGLE and 72 % are MARRIED.
4). Education qualification of employees EDUCATION QUALIFICATION RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE GRADUATE 15 60% POST- GRADUATE 10 40%
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Source:
Questionnaire to the Employees.
Analysis:
the following. The
The
above Table shows
analysis
revealed that 60% of the employees are GRADUATE in the bank and only 40% are POST GRADUATES.
5). Different levels of jobs: Different level of job Respondents Percentage Accountant 6 24% Cashier 5 20% Clerk 10 40% Customer Manager
care executive 2 2 8% 8%
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The analysis revealed that 40% of CLERKS are working in bank. Accountant are 24%, cashier are 20% , and customer care executive and manager are 8%.
6). Experience of employees at Canara bank EXPERIENCE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE LESS YEARS 6 24% THAN 5 6-10 YEARS 15 60% ABOVE 10 YEARS 4 16%
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The above analysis reveals that mostly the employees are new to the organization and only 16% of employees have more than 10years of experience in the organization.
7). Are you satisfied with the nature of job?
Nature of job respondents percentage
1).Excellent 7 28%
2).Good 10 40%
3). Average 8 32%
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The above analysis states that 28% of employees are highly satisfied with the nature of job they are doing .
8).Monthly salary of employees
Salary Respondents Percentage
Rs. 10,000- 20,0000 8 32%
Rs. 20,000- 30,000 12 48%
Above 30,000 5 20%
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The above analysis states 32%of the employees are getting salary between 10,000 to 20,000. 48%are getting salaries between 20,000 to 30,000 and only 20% are getting salaries above 30,000.
9). Are the employees of the bank are satisfied with the salary?
Salary satisfaction Respondents Percentage
Agree 18 72%
Disagree 7 28%
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The above analysis states 72%of the employees are satisfied with their salaries because their salaries are secured and they get other allowances along with their salaries. But 28% of the employees are not satisfied with their present salaries because they think that more they can get more salary if they work in private sector.
10). Are you satisfied with the performance appraisal technique? Performance Agree Disagree Cant say
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appraisal Respondents Percentage
18 72%
4 16%
3 12%
72% of employees are satisfied with the performance appraisal technique adopted by the bank. 16% dont like this appraisal of performance done by the bank.
11). Are incentives given to you from time to time? Incentives Respondents Yes 20 No 5
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Percentage
80%
20%
The above analysis that 80% employees agree to the fact that incentives are given to them from time to time . and 20% says that incentives are not given to them at time.
12).Are you satisfied with the promotional method adopted by the bank? Promotional method adopted
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Agree
disagree
Cant say
Respondents Percentage
15 60%
05 20%
05 20%
The above analysis that 60% of employees are happy with promotions. 40% of employees have not much to say about promotions.
13). Are training and developments programs conducted from time to time? Conduction of Training and development programs Respondents Yes 15 No 10
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Percentage
40%
60%
The above analysis that 60% of employees are not satisfied from the training and development programs conducted by bank . only 40% says that training programs are conducted from time to time.
14). What was the employees relationship with management?
Relationship with
1).Excellent
2).
Good
3).average
4).Cant say
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management respondents percentage
5 20%
10 40%
7 28%
3 12%
20% have excellent relationship with management and they are very much satisfied from job. 40% of them have good relationship. 28% have average relationship with management. 12% were silent about their relationship with management. 15). What was the relationship of the employees with their coemployees?
Relationship of employees with coemployees
1).Excellent
2).Good
3).Average
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respondents percentage
8 32%
12 48%
5 20%
The above analysis shows that 32% of the employees have excellent relationshiop with their coemployees. 48% share good relationship and 20% have average type of relationship.
16). Do you find your job boring and repetitive?
Boring and repetitive job Respondents Percentage
Yes 16 64%
No 9 36%
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Source: Questionnaire to the Employees. Analysis: The above Table shows the following.The above analysis shows that 36% of the
employees working in the bank finds the job repetitive and boring but 64% both are satisfied with the job.
17). Do you thinking about another job?
Thinking about another job respondents percentage
yes 23 92%
no 2 8%
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The above analysis shows that 92% of employees doesnt want to change their job because their job is secured. But 8% of them are thinking of changing their job.
18). Do you sometimes feels that you are overworked?
Employees response towards work Respondents Percentage
Yes 13 52%
no 12 48%
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The above analysis states that 52% of the employees agrees to the fact that they are overloaded with their work and 48% of the employees says that are not overloaded with work.
19). Are you paid with the performance linked salary?
Salary w.r.t to performance Respondents Percentage
Yes 10 40%
No 15 60%
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The above analysis shows that 40% of employees are getting salaries according to their performance and 60% of employees are not getting performance linked salaries..
20). Does bank provide you flexible working hours?
Flexibility in working hours respondents percentage
yes 19 72%
no 6 28%
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The above analysis states that 72% of employees agrees to the fact that there is flexibility in the working hours of bank and 28% dont agree to it.
21). Do you feels agree with the fact that employees are recognized as individuals ?
Employees recognized as individuals Respondents Percentage
Agree
Disagree
Cant say
12 48%
10 40%
3 12%
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Source:
Questionnaire to the Employees.
Analysis: The above Table

shows the following. The above analysis shows that 48% of employees agrees that they are recognized as individuals. 40% of employees individuality is missing in the organization .
22). How do you view your job?
Respondents Percentage
Challenging 2 8%
Responsible 5 20%
Motivation 3 12%
Secured 15 60%
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Source: Questionnaire to the Employees. A
CHAPTER - 5
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Page | 62
FINDINGS
The findings of the study are follows: The Canara Bank Chandigarh has a well defined organization structure. There is a harmonious relationship is exist in the organization between employees and management.. The employees are satisfied with the present incentive plan of the company.
A STUDY ON JOB SATISFACTION
Most of the workers working in the bank are highly experienced.. The study reveals that there is a good relationship exists among employees. All employees agreed that there job security to their present job. Majority of the employees are satisfied with their salaries. From the study it is clear that most of employees agrees to the fact that performance appraisal activities and support from the co-workers in helpful to get motivated.
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The incentives and other benefits will influence the performance of the employees. Most of the employees agree with the method of promotions adopted by the bank. However some employees doesnt have very good relationship with the management.. There is lack of training and development programs conducted by the bank which has become one of the major causes of job dissatisfaction. Some employees do complaint about the work given to them as it lacks flexibility. Some employees in the bank were not recognized as individuals.
But on the whole as the employees are govt. servant so they were mostly satisfied with the jobs as their job provides them security.
CHAPTER - 6 SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
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SUGGESTIONS
1. Highly educated and experience people should be recruited. 2. Salary is the most important factor considered in job satisfaction. So employees should be given good salary. 3. Employees performance should be appraised from time to time so that organization can come to know about the efficiency of the organization. 4. According to their performance, they should be given incentives. 5. Work should be assigned according to the qualification of the employees. 6. Organization should try to adopt certain measures to enhance team spirit and coordination among the employees. 7. Management of the bank should be friendly with the employees.
8. Training and development programmes should be conducted from time to time so that
employees does not get bored from their job.
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CONCLUSIONS:
It was good learning session for me during my tenure with Canara Bank.. it is a well organized bank. While doing the project,I learnt a lot about various banking operation.this study was conducted on job satisfaction among canara bank employees. Job satisfaction is a very big concept as it includes various factors associated with job satisfaction of employees. Satisfaction varies from employee to employee. Employees are given equal salaries then also some employees are satisfied with it and some are not. So at end I would like to say , that organization should try to take every possible step to enhance job satisfaction among employees because if employees are satisfied then customers associated with it will also be satisfied.
ANNEXURE
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE ORGANISATION. QUESTIONAIRE
Page | 66
Financial statement of Canara Bank
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT

Mar' 09 Income
Operating income Expenses Material consumed Manufacturing expenses Personnel expenses Selling expenses Adminstrative expenses Expenses capitalised Cost of sales Operating profit Other recurring income
3,306.70
587.18 6.00 224.48 817.67 612.03 108.26 Page | 67
Report on Job Satisfaction Mar' 09 720.30 1,877.00 36.01 684.29 0.34 252.52 252.52 50.52 202.00
Adjusted PBDIT Financial expenses Depreciation Other write offs Adjusted PBT Tax charges Adjusted PAT Non recurring items Other non cash adjustments Reported net profit Earnigs before appropriation Equity dividend Preference dividend Dividend tax Retained earnings
BALANCE SHEET
Mar ' 09
Sources of funds Owner's fund Equity share capital Share application money Preference share capital Reserves & surplus Loan funds Secured loans Unsecured loans Total 410.00 9,629.61
1,86,892.51 1,96,932.1
----
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Report on Job Satisfaction Mar ' 09
Uses of funds Fixed assets Gross block Less : revaluation reserve Less : accumulated depreciation Net block Capital work-in-progress Investments Net current assets Current assets, loans & advances Less : current liabilities & provisions Total net current assets Miscellaneous expenses not written Total Notes: Book value of unquoted investments Market value of quoted investments Contingent liabilities 1,62,327.1 -----4,060.26 13,488.91 -9,428.66 49,109.55 4,440.07 2,168.16 1,510.61 761.30 57,776.90
Number of equity sharesoutstanding (Lacs) 4100.00
CASH FLOW Mar ' 09 Profit before tax Net cashflow-operating activity -990.03
Net cash used in investing activity -222.10

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Mar ' 09 Netcash used in fin. activity Net inc/dec in cash and equivlnt -6.13 -1,218.26
Cash and equivalnt begin of year 17,878.0 Cash and equivalnt end of year 16,659.7
QUESTIONAIRE
Name of the respondent (Optional): Please indicate by a tick ( ) mark 1). To which age group do you belong? A. Below 30 years B. 31-45 years. C. Above 45 years. 2). Gender A. Male
B. Female.
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3). Marital status A. Single

B. Married.
4). Education qualification of employees: A. Graduate B. Post graduate.
5). Different levels of jobs: A. Accountant B. Cashier C. Clerk

D. Customer care executive.
E. Manager.
6).Experience of employees at bank: A. Less than 5 years. B. 6-10 years. C. Above 30 years. 7). Nature of job:
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A. Excellent B. Good
C. Average.
8). Monthly salary of employees A. Rs 10,000-20,000 B. Rs 20,000-30,000 C. Above Rs 30,000 9). Salary satisfaction: A. Agree
B. Disagree.
10). Are you satisfied with the techniques of performance appraisal adopted by the bank: A. Agree B. Disagree
C. Cant say.
11). Are incentives given to you from time to time? A. Yes

B. No.
12). Are you satisfied with the promotional oppourunities? A. Agree

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B. Disagree
C. Cant say.
13). Are training and development programs conducted from time to time? A. Yes B. No. 14).Relationship with management: A. Excellent B. Good C. Average
D. Cant say.
15). Relationship with coworkers: A. Excellent B. Good C. Average

D. Cant say.
16). Do you find your job repitive and boring: A. Yes

B. No.
17). Are you thinking about another job? A. Yes B. No.

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18). Do you feel that you are overworked? A. Yes B. No. 19). Are you paid performance linked salary? A. Yes B. No. 20). Does the bank provide you with flexible working hours? A. Yes B. No. 21). Do you feel that employees are recognized as individuals? A. Agree B. Disagree C. Cant say 22). How do you view your job? A. Challenging B. Responsible C. Motivating D. Secured.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Human resource management 2. Organizational behavior 3. Human resource management WEBSITES www.canarabank.com www. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_satisfaction
Rosy josy Stephen P Robbins L.M Prasad
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