Micro Power AM Broadcast Transmitter In this circuit, a 74HC14 hex Schmitt trigger inverter is used as a square wave oscillator

to drive a small signal transistor in a class C amplifier configuration. The oscillator frequency can be either fixed by a crystal or made adjustable (VFO) with a capacitor/resistor combination. A 100pF capacitor is used in place of the crystal for VFO operation. Amplitude modulation is accomplished with a second transistor that controls the DC voltage to the output stage. The modulator stage is biased so that half the supply voltage or 6 volts is applied to the output stage with no modulation. The output stage is tuned and matched to the antenna with a standard variable 30-365 pF capacitor. Approximately 20 milliamps of current will flow in the antenna lead (at frequencies near the top of the band) when the output stage is optimally tuned to the oscillator frequency. A small 'grain of wheat' lamp is used to indicate antenna current and optimum settings. The 140 uH inductor was made using a 2 inch length of 7/8 inch (OD) PVC pipe wound with 120 turns of #28 copper wire. Best performance is obtained near the high end of the broadcast band (1.6 MHz) since the antenna length is only a very small fraction of a wavelength. Input power to the amplifier is less than 100 milliwatts and antenna length is 3 meters or less which complies with FCC rules. Output power is somewhere in the 40 microwatt range and the signal can be heard approximately 80 feet. Radiated power output can be approximated by working out the antenna radiation resistance and multiplying by the antenna current squared. The radiation resistance for a dipole antenna less than 1/4 wavelength is R = 80*[(pi)^2]*[(Length/wavelength)^2]*(a factor depending on the form of the current distribution) The factor depending on the current distribution turns out to be [(average current along the rod)/(feed current)]^2 for short rods, which is 1/4 for a linearly-tapered current distribution falling to zero at the ends. Even if the rods are capped with plates, this factor cannot be larger than 1. Substituting values for a 9.8 foot dipole at a frequency of 1.6 MHz we get R= 790*.000354*.25 = .07 Ohms. And the resistance will be only half as much for a monopole or 0.035 Ohms. Radiated power at 20 milliamps works out to about I^2 * R = 14 microwatts.

Trong mch ny, mt 74HC14 hex Schmitt kch hot bin tn c s dng nh mt b dao ng sng vung li xe mt bng bn dn tn hiu nh trong cu hnh b khuch i mt lp C. Tn s dao ng c th c c nh bi mt tinh th hoc iu chnh (VFO) vi mt t in / in tr kt hp. Mt t in 100pF c s dng v tr ca tinh th cho hot ng VFO. Bin iu ch c thc hin vi mt bng bn dn th hai iu khin in p DC cho giai on u ra. Giai on iu ch l c thnh kin rng mt na in p cung cp hoc 6 volt c p dng cho giai on u

ra vi iu ch khng.Giai on u ra c iu chnh v ph hp vi ngten vi mt t in tiu chun pF bin 30-365. Khong 20 milliamps ca hin ti s chy dn u ng-ten ( tn s gn trn cng ca ban nhc) khi giai on u ra l ti u iu chnh tn s dao ng. Mt nh ht la m 'n c s dng ch cc thit lp ng ten hin nay v ti u. Uh 140 in dn c thc hin bng cch s dng mt chiu di 2 inch ca 7 / 8 inch (OD) ng nha PVC vt thng vi 120 lt # dy ng 28. Hiu sut tt nht l thu c gn cui cao ca ban nhc pht sng (1,6 MHz) k t khi chiu di ng-ten ch l mt phn rt nh ca bc sng. Cng sut u vo b khuch i l t hn 100 mW v ng-ten di 3 mt hoc t hn ph hp vi quy tc FCC. Sn lng in l mt ni no trong khong 40 phn triu wat v tn hiu c th nghe c khong 80 feet. Bc x sn lng in c th c xp x bng cch lm vic ra cc khng bc x ng ten v nhn vi ng-ten bnh hin nay. Kh nng chng bc x i vi mt ng-ten lng cc t hn 1 / 4 bc sng l R = 80 * [(pi) ^ 2] * [(di / bc sng) ^ 2] * (mt yu t ty thuc vo hnh thc phn phi hin nay) Cc yu t ty thuc vo s phn b hin ti ha ra l [(trung bnh hin ti cngthanh) / (thc n chn nui hin hnh)] ^ 2 thanh ngn, m l 1 / 4 cho mt bn phn phi hin ti tuyn tnh, gim dn gim xung bng khng ti kt thc. Ngay c khi cc thanh c gii hn vi bin, yu t ny c th khng c ln hn 1. Thay th cc gi tr cho mt chn 9,8 lng cc mt tn s l 1,6 MHz chng ti nhn c R = 790 *. 000354 *. 25 = 0,07 Ohms. V cuc khng chin s c ch mt na l nhiu cho mt n cc hoc 0,035 Ohms. Cng sut bc x ti 20 milliamps ra v ti ^ 2 * R = 14 microwatts.

mt s mch my pht AM khc

Nguyn l thu sng bng AM a) S khi ca bng AM :

S khi mch bng AM Xung quanh my thu thanh c v s cc sng in t t cc i pht khc nhau gi ti, nhim v ca my thu l chn ly mt tn s ri khuych i , sau tch sng ly ra tn hiu m tn. Mch thu sng AM c cc mch nh sau : Mch cng hng v khuch i cao tn (RF Amply) thu tn hiu t mt i pht bng nguyn l cng hng, sau khuch i tn hiu cho mnh cung cp cho mch i tn . Mch dao ng ni ( OSC ) to dao ng cung cp cho mch i tn . Mch i tn ( Mixer ) trn hai tn hiu RF v tn hiu OSC to ra tn hiu trung tn IF, IF l tn hiu c tn s c nh bng 455KHz Mch khuch i trung tn ( IF Amply ) : Khuch i tn hiu IF ln bin ln cung cp cho mch tch sng . Mch tch sng ( Detect ) Tch tn hiu m tn ra khi sng mang cao tn . b) Mch cng hng cao tn, dao ng ni v i tn.

Mch cng hng RF, dao ng OSC & i tn Mixer Ch thch : Mch cng hng cao tn (RF Amply) bao gm : T xoay C1 u song song vi cun dy L1 qun trn thanh ferit to thnh mnh mch dao ng LC, mch thu sng theo nguyn l cng hng, c rt nhiu sng mang c tn s khc nhau t cc i pht cng i ti my thu, khi tn s dao ng ca mch trng vi sng mang ca mt i pht th tn hiu sng mang ca i pht c cng hng v bin tng ln gp nhiu ln, tn hiu ny c thu vo thng qua cun th cp ca cun dy v c khuch i qua n Q1, sau a sang mch i tn, C1 l t xoay c th thay i gi tr, khi ta chnh nm Tuning chnh l chnh t xoay C1 lm tr s C1 bin i => tn s cng hng ca mch thay i . Mch OSC gm t xoay C2 u song song vi cun L2 to thnh mch dao ng, t xoay C2 c gn chung vi t C1 v hai t ny c chnh thay i gi tr ng thi, dao ng ni c tn s lun lun thp hn tn s cng hng RF mt lng khng i. Mch i tn : n Q2 lm nhim v i tn, tn hiu cao tn RF c a vo cc B, tn hiu dao ng ni c a vo cc E , tn hiu ly ra trn cc C gi l IF ( tn hiu trung tn) c gi tr khng i bng 455KHz IF = RF - OSC c) Mch chuyn bng Bng sng AM thng c chia ra lm hai hoc ba bng l

- Bng sng trung MW c di tn t 526,5KHz n 1606,5KHz - Bng sng ngn 1 : SW1 c di tn t 2,3MHz n 7,3MHz - Bng sng ngn 2 : SW2 c di tn t 7,3MHz n 22MHz Di y l s mch chuyn bng, khi ta chuyn gia cc bng sng, t xoay s tip vo cc im c u vi cun dy c s vng dy khc nhau => lm cho tn s cng hng thay i.

Chuyn bng gia cc bng sng Radio AM d) Mch khuch i trung tn ( IF Amply)

Mch khuch i trung tn IF Amply Sau khi i tn, tn hiu IF c khuch i qua hai tng khuch i c cng hng, cc bin p trung tn T1, T2, T3 cng hng tn s 455KHz ng thi lm nhim v ni tng v phi hp tr khng . cc bin p ny c vt iu chnh nhm iu chnh cho bin p cng hng ng tn s . e) Mach tch sng AM

Mch tch sng AM Sau khi tn hiu IF c khuch i qua hai tng khuch i trung tn, tn hiu IF c a sang mch tch sng Mch tch sng bao gm Diode D1 tch ly bn k dng ca tn hiu sau c mch lc RC ( R1, C1, C2) lc b thnh phn cao tn , u ra ta thu c tn hiu m tn l ng bao ca tn hiu cao tn. Chnh mch lc RC ca mch tch sng AM loi b mt cc thnh phn tn s cao ca tn hiu m tn, do cht lng m thanh b gim.