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2000
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79
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40
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39
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33
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56
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33
39
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2009
39
33
31
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39
38
47
32
70
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2011
42
37
63
30
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dG dG OdG NdG ie Y UNh ,(dG j dG ,OdG NdGh ,dG
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OdG NdG Se e cCG jd NdG Se Ea Y bCG jOe feEG jd dGh
dG J UN ,J e hdG dEG Uh e a b TDe jdG dG TDeh .Y
dG e Ic GhH J dG ,Y e IdG jOG feEGh SdG QGSH J
QOGdG gh gCGh Md FdG feEGh OGh dGh YGQdG IhdGh OGh RdGh
Uh eh feEG e e dG IOYEG j ,feEG e gZh edG jdG
QOG e NCG dG fdG g VY dG fdG CG c .dG je e dEG
AMEG cGe ah bGdG dG IOYEG dh ,IG CG b e eSGh OdG SdG
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dG Y dG CG fYG GPEG EG G VGh Yhe BG M
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YdH AJQGh adG gG jJ Y f CG jdGh SdGh
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a f j JCS g .fGh VdG H j M YGHh
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c e FGOCH Jh YdG d J e g c edG b

bCG CG a ,G HK a Jj CG OGQCGh j AL CG EG ,AGOCG Gg
HY e G fh .d K aCG g k jQY L CH UG WN
M k UGh U dG dG d ,YEG NH YdG Jh
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Y V (jOG hG fY hG jO fc AGS) ja J
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c ,Hh ,IcGdHh ,dHh YdH H gh ,Y SQoG dG
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CG bG e ,f G j eY :GL SeJ YdG j

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cCG d Jf dG gG h gKQh dG G eMCG H f CG
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Y ``` ` ` G ``` ` ` dG `` f`` YEG i`` f `` ` `G
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cCG G JM ``c``JCG ```dG GdG b
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jdG hCG jdG bH j CG e
bQ ``` ` ` YCG ``SC` H ``d ``` b ``` eCG O`` a
Y GH Ha M H JCG Sh
Gg C JJ UdG BG aJ CG
g Y d b ,fHd c ``NCG
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dG ``e j hCG ``bG``G J Oj
``` bG``` ` Gh `` f`` eCG ````J ``e```Y .``` e``` dG
fCG L Qf Zh eGh QdG dG
SG T d M dG QfGh d TDe
dG GJ gH ,FL dG j FT
Zj Sf h``H Jh dG J dG
Y GUCG SdG C ,e edG hCG cQG
,Gaj CG h JGQNG aH ec Yh
jCG GDdG j ,hjj e Y Gj gh
hDG eh bNCGdG YCG d HbdG
dG ``` ` SC``H ``` j ``e ``c ````S`` ``Y
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D5.al.hattali@hotmail.com

2011 af 13 aGG `g 1432 G P e 17 MG

16

4-1 G bj jdG HdG AGQh dGh dG

o H YCH G L

`````YCH zFG```````dG{ ````````dG

zI``SCe{ `H ```J ```Wfl ..``jdG
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dP ``Nh dGh dG ```Sh``ah R``jEGh WdG
Y a kT Y aj kSSCG dG ``VG``eCG e
AWCG e He fCG dP Y ddGh jJ
d j ``dG ``g Yh ,Y ``e ```KG``dG A``` cCG
h ,fdG G hCG fdG dG HG dh
EG H ``e``j CG je ``c fCG :``b jM ``NBG
jhOCGh IPdG Y fCH Ghj CGh dG
.KG dG

dG MCG-jDhdG
EG (dG) dG dG e j
jdG Y FdG SQGh GQGh QG
dG UCG GGh GGh
dG Y d oJ dGh ,adG
hCG dGh jG VGeCG e jbdGh
HG GMCG hCG LY hCG J
SGh FW (dG) dG dG jh .H
NH J b dG SQGh G e
H ,dG Gg EG Qjo h .WGh GdG
dG hCG jdG dG{ ,GdG
.zdG

AdG Y dG
dG ``e I`` MGh Q``` G ``` A````S ```d h`` Jh
IfG :Fb G MdG Y KGMCG QGO dG bGdG
M ,GS N dG e J dG L HG J
NH Jh ```dG A```KCG Le Vf ``e ```J ```fEG
dG G ``MCG EG ga ,J HUh
dP H ,AT gY j dG CG EG fj d
YCH dJ dG dG cGG ``MCG EG gdG Q``b
dG fYEG MCG N e cG dH Y bh
G dG YCd ce EG ga ,G
HG fJ e JNCGh FdGh dG VGeCG Y
W ```h gce ae ```dG EG Gda
aGa ,T EG HSCG KK He dP hGjh YSCG
dP H ,HSCG KK I jQ 150 aOCG c SCG c h
.dG HG dM J b T MCG
,H ``Y O```jE dG ````UGhh ``SC`jCG :```UG``J
EG ``gPCG CG ```J```TQCG ``H```G ``JGQ``L i``MEG ``N ``eh
,VGeCG ``g dG c Y T
,H ``V``e e ``f```j `` dG ``d``Y ``fC`H bCGh
fCG aVEH ,`` jBG ``e Y ``JAG``b ``N ``e ``dPh
GG Y jRJh HGO HP Jh d bU j
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e dG aj Qe ``gh e j ``dG H EG
fJ `` ``J``NCGh ``H `````dGh ,j ``dG ``G f
Gg j bh S HG Ve EG bh e ha ,HG
e MCG e IhH bCG S fCGh HT eh G e T
j W d J e HG j S ``dGh BG```dG
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J dG adG HJh ,````HCG jdG a ```SCGQ
d FdG dG `` ``eO aH eJh d H
G PE`Hh G Qh`` IQ``L ``bC AYCG YRJ CGh
e W dP H ,H H LJh VG gj S
Yh dG EG gPh ,d aOh aGa jQ 100 aOCG CG
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cGG ``e ``YO``N ``H`` jY CG cGh ..````h
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gH Y Y LhR j dh ,dP a :dbh
Qcd MTh ,dG G MCG EG gdG fQb
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YS ``Nh aGa ,dG AG``LEGh bdG d ``jCG
fCdG ```dCGh QcdG A``L Ud H ``NO ``e
dG NGO HdGh SM e J dG CG Y d
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K dG J Y eh T HG GNCG Gh
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e aCG HdG
cGe ``e HdG CG ``gh ```SQO L CG J G```g
Ta ``H`` ``g ``````dG ```d``H ``` J ``` dG ``` ` YCG
c e c f CG j { Jh ,``eh ``bh IQNh
,VGh Z AT CG Y b e c EG f h GQhCG
d G ``VG``eCG CG Q``f CG ```jh
e IcCG Y ah dH j fC LY dG
dh Ib a hCG IQhQb hCG dG b j b a
HCG Y d jLCG W UGe hCG je ah
.IcDe Y

LY j jdG dG CG VGdG e C`a dG

,dG ``dPh ,dG KCdG jW Y SSCG
f ``` dG ````YCG EG hC```j `````G EG PEG
j W g e c C ,G i``d fCdG e
Ggh dG Y e AT fC d hCj bh ,fe
Lj e eh ,AdG dG e Yf j fL e
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hCG dG dG ej dG J ch ,edG id
.dG J fCH QTEGh dG K d PG
j `` VG`` eCG ``e `````e `````f CG EG Q`` ` TCGh
e ``M C` H e jPG h dG `````G
R`` `jEGh ``W``` ` dG `` VG`` eCG `` g ``````Jh G`` ` `MCG
dch ,`````dG ``V``eh B, C ``f ``e ````dG ``` Sh``ah
``eEG ``g ``VG``eCG ``gh `````dGh ``g``dGh ```H```dG
CG jh ,jH hCG Sha hCG W Z H jN
YCH G ae H edG YdG jd j
fMh VG M H jPG hCG YCG H hCG
.ShdG hCG jdG
e `` g `` ` VG`` ` eCG `` ` g C` ` ` H G`` ` ` `YG ``` ` ` Y ``` j
g j bh gZ hO zG AWCGzUNG
dG ``L```dG H G``` SQO `` ```F````NCG H
jQH J ee GH e GOT Y GMh jdG
.dd gDe gh G Gg LQO h dG g
He hj jdG dG G hCG UTCG eCG

dH dG a NJ GdG ``e gch

```fEG ``d```jh Q``eCG WGH Y ``Y``j ``
G `` VG`` eCG ``e ````dG ``` d ``j````S ``` ` Uh
IGhG`` G ````e `` ``S```dG G`` `eCG ```Y d ``dh``
ODj CG dG fG QKBG Y dG H ..dGh
.feCe Z YCGh jhOCG e jG dhJ e dEG
,SCd ,a gMh dG Y GUb d eCG
SG IASEG AGL ,G H , CG QGVCG
oj dG Y a .G dG YCG H
dP ``ch .``bD`G dG MG d dG IO``Y
Y YJ IOc jeCG IG jdG qoj dG
iqOCG jdG iG Y eGSG q CG Z ,RdG e dG
hM Y k a ,f IY KG Y j e Iah EG
Y AGLEG qLJ a ,H eCG .Sh b eRCG
HUEG AG``L ``bCG Y kT 70 Y c Z hCG QR
a e kJf ,kCN ,dhJ f dG N qH
.JGP VGZCd jfhGQdG
FNCG dG N H AY b Gg Mh
dG C j CG h Lf Z dG dG EG W
G a ,UCG dh SCG Y e Y H ,ge d
LY ``Wh ``VG``eCG H e T ```j CG
H j bh GQhO QMh G d SQ H
j d ,``VG``eCG ``Y J dG dG Y ``WEG
h e AT j ``fC kVh GOh`` Y
.H W Y fGb ah j
edG dG ``M ``YG``j dG dG CG c
e ```j T ```dEG ``gP GPEG ```G S Y jd
dG dP CG dG dG Qj b e Ve
dEG AL dM dc ,dG e NBG Ve e j
ed IN jhOCG g CG Qj g eM ICGeG
J g ..h G U Y KCJ e d dhJ
VG j a zdG H VGeCG bY{ G
.dG dG cQj CG e gh NBG V VY

SdG QJ jdG
d d ``gh ```dG I``FGO ``U````TCG ``NO :``` VCGh
CG M ,I```c S Q``KBG ``d dG ```dG ``b``Y
VGeCG e Y QOb fCG Yj dG dG
e Y ``j``W ``Y ``dPh ,W jW GSH
G Vj LRW fGM e hCG JdG YCG
j Z J b hCG eS Jf g C fL QKBG EG
.iNCG M Y J Ve dM
G Y j AGhO dG AWCG j bh
e dG ``e ```jQh ``Y IQ```Y ``gh adG jdG
dG hCG ``G A``Y````S``c ```f``MhQ A````TCG G`````SG
QJ jdG{ fb j dP ch BGdH dG IAY
.zSdG
bdG QdG Y j jdG dG CG ```VCGh
hO FfG FGY QeCG JCJ EGh ,dG QdG hCG
e dG dG hCG d VG jQdG EG dG
Y dG KCJh aG Z iNCG VGeCG OLh M
.iNCG FXh

G EG aVEH ,e f e Y hCG GT fc
dd ,SdG gPCG Ic Me PJ dG aGGh
,QaCG H YhG SdG ``Y dV PG ``Lh
BG``` dG CG M GQ``` G O```Jh jdG ``H ``e ``dPh
YdG AVE ``dPh ,jGdG hCG IQdG J e j
dG KCdG
Y i``d dG ``e G``j``e ``H````cEGh G dG Y ,IMGh d Lh IPdGh dG dG CG Y cCGh
jhOCG e K Y dOCG OLh d Gf :HJh .SdG AGS dG ``e ``N ATCH dG dG Jj M

fGG Gh dG jhOCG
Jb S ..jdG d fGh
LQO Y N dG dG AGhdG a ,fEd
dG G``g dY ``H``WQ ``LQO Yh dY IQG``M
e G`` fCGh ,edG QdG ``e G`` fCG Y S
Jb jdGh QdG g J dHh jdG
e dh ,dG e d dG jh ,fEd
.jdG AS f dG Y fJ dG OGG
Y HG HNh ``eOh ```ch b ed
fGh ``` fG``` G ``````Gh ```````dG `` ` jhOCG
d ````g ```Y ``L``J ``` dGh ``j```dG ``d```
Me hCG jR hCG Ae hCG He hCG Y e Lh
Gg { dj jdG dhCG QMGh .Th hCG aL
.zG S e

J b fL VGYCG bh , hCG dG
S hCG TCG IY H J a SG bh
bh ICGG Y jf j a SG jQJ e
LY eSG fCG cJ fC dG j
ce g j b hCG VG jdG N
hJ C dGh efG ``Yh ,jdG IOdG
LdG ```Y ````dG { `` `EG ``Y hCG `````dG ``dP
J b hCG dG ``dP EG Lj dGh zICG``G hCG
g dGh J hCG ICGG hCG LdG id HG
WdH dG j b hCG dG dP hJ
Y CG c .WdG j dG dP EG dGh
Ic ce j ``b dG AGh`` dG MU

Y N cCG G Z dG jhOCG J
YCG GPEG ```J``bh I```N ``J```f ````a ``` ` fEG
gcCG eh ,gL T W jW Y jd
Ya jW Y hCG aG Yj QY jW Y hCG
,d ``j``Y hCG ``j````d ````Uhh ``e H S ``N
S Y SGh ,UCG dG SG H N dh
Y Q hCG ``eh Jh jb hCG jU Wa
.JGdG SG jW
cJ ```dG { ```c``G ```U``Nh dG `` `jhOCGh
J { dG H e W YCG IY e
dG J J a e Y Ic IQN
dS hCG ``dG V VfG hCG dG dG hCG

17

He

2011 af 13 aGG `g1432 G P e 17 MG

H HGhdG Y IVfi
GSCGh OcCG SDG
dG dG dhdG
jDhdG e
GH IVfi dG dG j
OcCG SDG ``H ``HGh``dG A````fEG ````gCG{
J zQHG M N e dhdG G```SCGh
YdG `` dG OdH KG Z Ae
QahdG IVG ```jh .dGh HdG
eL ````F``d ``H``` ` dG ``F``` dG ,`` j`` a ``` j``c
be EG Jh .,jaCG H TdS
SDe e dGh dH dG GP VGG
TdS eL GN e IOSGh ,dG
.dGh dG FGM AfEG jaCG L
V ``JC` J I```V```G `` g C` `H ``c``d``H ``j``G
dG ````j `` dG ``Y``dG f ``e``f``H
jJ AGQBG O```Jh aG f ``LCG e dG
.QHG aK

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I```e ```Y

`fG `eG `Xe `e 73`d `jQJ `efH

e GfGh G QT M ,H a
OGRh j Yh Y AGLCH H
XdG AGOC O``G ```X``G QG``` UEG ``e
.dEG cG Gh edG
dG ```Y ``H ```fi ``b ```f``L ``eh
FdG TCG CG OhCG :QGOEG jJ FNCG
aJ ``d``N ``e ``dG ``e``f``dG G``g Y
fG ``e``G IQGRh QhOh UNG Y
d ``` c `````H I``` ` e ``f``c G``` V``` ``a
XG e GOY gdCG M ,OL Xc
e aj CG G CSCGh GG UCG
.WGG eNh dG dG Gg
FNCG YdG S H N cP c
fc ``` d IO`` ` `G I`` `FG`` `H QGOEG ``j``` J
OhOe d ``ch b h HjG GVG
b ``` fCGh S ```X``G ``S```f e
GVG ``g ``a```VCG ``bh ```j``M GJ
`` `jQGOEGh ```f``f``bh ``j``Kh Ye ``e````e
UGdGh edG H J iNCG fGLh
SGQdGh ``` ` dG OG`` ` YEG `````ch ``` ` dG
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bdGh IQGRd dG dGh SSCG

G dG dG H XdG
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2011 af 13 aGG `g 1432 G P e 17 MG

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