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Topic Four: Health & Safety Management
Topic Four: Health & Safety Management
Topic Four
Health & Safety Management
Part of the overall management system that facilities the management of the OH&S risks associated with the business of the organisation. This includes the organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing and achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organisations OH&S policy.
British Standards Institute
Safety Programmes
Traditional approach is the use of safety programmes. Programmes are focused on compliance with standards/regulations Programmes do not have strong or any feedback mechanisms The performance of a programme is measured using (reactive) indicators such as the number of accidents,
injuries etc.
Systems Approach
Four elements common to general systems theories are input, process, output and feedback. Systems are also classed as being either open or closed.
Open systems interacts with the external environment and is subject to external influences. Closed systems do not interact with the environment and so their ability to adapt or respond to changing internal conditions is limited.
Systems Approach
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
Organising
Organisational development
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Policy
Organising Audit Planning & Implementing
Effective health and safety policies set a clear direction for the organisation to follow.
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Organising
Organising Planning & Implementing
Audit
Measuring Performance
An effective management structure and arrangements are in place for delivering the policy.
Reviewing Performance
Planning
There is a planned and systematic approach to implementing the health and safety policy through an effective health and safety management system.
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Organising
Measuring Performance
Performance is measured against agreed standards to reveal when and where improvement is needed.
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Standardisation
A standard is defined by the BSI as:
A document, established by consensus and approved by a recognised body, that provides for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context
BS 8800
Produced by the BSI in 1996 Written as a guidance document. Based on the management systems models from both the HSE and ISO 14001.
BS 8800
Gives advice on:
How to evaluate shortcomings with an existing health & safety management system (OHSMS). What an adequate system should comprise of. How to progress from existing system to an adequate system.
Over 7000 copies of BS8800 were sold in the first twelve months.
ISO 14001
Improvem al ent
nt w
Status OHS Policy Review OHS OHS Policy Policy Planning Plannin Planning g Implementation
& Actio e n
HSE (HSG65)
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
OHSAS 18001
1.
2.
Improvem al ent
3.
Status
Revie nt w
Policy Planning Plannin Planning g Implementation Implementation & Operation & Operation
4.
& Actio e n
5.
OH&S Policy 1.1. The Health & Safety Policy Planning 2.1. Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and control 2.2. Legal and other requirements 2.3. Objectives 2.4. OH&S management programme(s) Implementation and Operation 3.1. Structure and responsibility 3.2. Training, awareness and competence 3.3. Consultation and Communication 3.4. Documentation 3.5. Document and data control 3.6. Operational Control 3.7. Emergency preparedness and response Checking and Corrective Action 4.1. Performance measurement and monitoring 4.2. Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and corrective and preventative action 4.3. Records and record management 4.4. Audit Management Review 5.1. Management Review
OHSAS 18001
Produced in 1999. Specification produced by several organisations (both from the UK and internationally) led by the BSI. The management system model used in OHSAS 18001 is the ISO 14001 model. As a specification, OHSAS 18001 lists a number of management system requirements using shall statements such as the organisation shall establish and maintain documented health and safety objectives, at each relevant function and level within the organisation.
OHSAS 18002
Produced in 2000. Provides generic guidance on the application of 18001. This document describes the intent, typical inputs, processes and typical outputs, against each requirement of 18001. Purpose is to aid the understanding and implementation of OHSAS 18001.
Policy
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Policy
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Both BS8800 and OHSAS 18001 identify three key areas which need to be addressed during the planning stage. (1) Risk Assessment and Management
The intent of this requirement is so that the organisation can appreciate all significant OH&S hazards facing it using the process of risk management.
Implementing Objectives
Suitable indicators should be defined for each objective to allow for the monitoring of the implementation of the objectives. Formal action plans should be drawn up for each OH&S objective that has been identified. These should identify the:
Individuals who are responsible for the deliverance of the objectives across the quarry and/or within each operation. Various tasks that need to be undertaken in order to meet each objective.
Appropriate arrangements should exist whereby people are held accountable for discharging their responsibilities. Reporting relationships should be clear and unambiguous. Where personnel appraisal systems exist OH&S responsibilities should be included.
Identifying and receiving relevant OH&S information from outside the organisation including:
New, or amendments to legislation; Information necessary for the identification of hazards and evaluation and control of risks;
Information and developments in OH&S management practice. Ensuring that pertinent OH&S information is communicated to all people in the organisation who need it. This requires arrangements to: Ensure that information does not just flow from the top down, but also from the bottom up. Avoiding restricting OH&S items to dedicated OH&S meetings. Report hazards and shortcomings in OH&S arrangements. Ensuring that relevant information is communicated to people outside the organisation who require it. Encouraging feed-back and suggestions from employees on OH&S matters.
Operational Control
The organisation should establish and maintain arrangements to ensure that activities are carried out safely. These arrangements should be based on the results of the risk assessment, and any health and safety objectives that have been defined. The organisation should also plan and prepare for all foreseeable accident, incident and emergency situations.
Policy
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
An organisations performance measurement system should incorporate both active and reactive monitoring data.
Policy
Organising
Audit
Measuring Performance
Reviewing Performance
Auditing
OH&S auditing is a process whereby an organisation can review and continuously evaluate the effectiveness of their OH&S management system. Safety auditing is a positive and proactive means of
checking the safety performance of an organisation.
Management Support
To be of value, senior management should be fully committed to the concept of auditing and its effective implementation within the organisation.
Audits
Audits provide a comprehensive and formal assessment of the organisations compliance with OH&S procedures and practices. The end result of an audit should include a detailed written assessment of OH&S procedures, the levels of compliance with procedures and practices and should where necessary identify corrective actions.
Auditors
One or more persons may undertake audits. A team approach may widen the involvement and improve co-operation. They should be independent of the part of the organisation or the activity that is to be audited.
Audit results
At the end of the audit, and before submitting their report, the auditor or the Audit team should hold a meeting with the responsible manager of the audited area. The main purpose of such a meeting is to communicate the results of the audit to the responsible manager in order to ensure that it is understood and agreement is reached.