Pisces 3: A petrified forest

T h e w o r d p et ri f y de s c e n d s f r o m t w o r o o t s . T h e f i r st i s t h e r o o t p er -2 w h i c h m e a n s t o l e a d , p a s s, o v e r a n d f r o m w h i c h a l so d e s c e n d t he w o r d s a p o ri a , c o mp o rt , de p o rt ,

di a p i r, e mp o ri u m, f a re , f a rt l e k , fe re, f e rn , f e rry, f i rt h, f jo rd . f o rd , f u h re r , ga rb e rdi n e , gu a r, im p o rt , i m p o rt a nt , o p p o rt un e , pa n ( l e a f o f a b e t e l v i n e ) , p a rs l e y, pa rva t i , pe ro n e a l , p e t ro le u m , p e t ro us , pe i r, p o rc h, p i e r, p o rc h , p o re ( a mi n u t e o p e n i n g i n

t i s s u e ) , p o ro me ri c , p o rt ( a p l a ce o n a w a t e r w a y w i t h f a ci l i t i e s f o r l o a d i n g a n d un l o a di n g s h i p s) , p o rt ( a n o p e n i n g i n a s h i p ' s s i d e p r o v i d i n g a c c e s s t o t he i n t e r i o r ) , p o rt ( t o ho l d o r c a r r y ( a w e a p o n ) d i a g o n a l l y a c r o s s t he b o d y ) , po rt a b l e , p o rt a ge , po rt a l , p o rte r ( a p e r s o n e mp l o y e d t o c a r r y b u r d e n s ) , p ort e r ( on e i n c h a r g e o f a g a t e o r d o o r ) , p o rt i c o ,

p o rt f o l i o , p u rp o rt , ra p p o rt , rep o rt , sal t p et e r , s p o rt , s u pp o rt , t ra ns p o rt , wa rf a re , wa yf a re r, a n d we l f a re .
T h e s e c o n d r o ot f r o m w h i c h p e t ri fy de s c e n d s i s dh e- w hi c h m e a n s t o s e t , p ut . 1 T h e A H DE L li s t s o v e r 1 5 0 d e r i v a t i ve s o f t hi s ro o t . A m on g t h e m a r e a f f a i r, a f fe c t i on , a mp l i f y, a rti f a c t , b e ne f i t , bo u t iq u e , b o de ga ,

c o n di m e nt , co n f e tti , dee m , de fe a t , de fa c e , di f f i c u l t , de f e ct , do, e f f e ct , e f f i c i en c y , fa a de , f a c e , fa c t, f a ct i o n , fa c t o ry , f ea t, f ea t u re , f et i s h , i n f e c ti o n , m o di f i cat i o n , o f f i ce , p e rf ec t , p ro fi t , q u a li f i c at io n , s u f fi c i en c y , s u rf a c e , t h e m e , a n d t h e s i s.

T h e w o r d f or est de s c e n d s f r o m t h e IE r o o t dhw er - w h i ch m e a n s d o o r , d o o r w a y a n d f r o m w h i c h a l s o d e s c e n d t he w o r d s do o r , f a ro u c h e ,

1 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 17 Starling Hunter 2011 1

f o re i gn , vi c a r , a f f ore s t , f a u b o u rg , f o re c l o s e , f o rf e it , f o ren s i c , f o ru m , du rb a r , a n d t h yro id . 2

TH EMES : T he m o s t i m m e d i a t e l y a p p a re n t t h e m e co n c e r n s DOO RS . P a r o n y m s o f p et r i fy i n c l u d e t he w o r d s p o rt a l ( a d o o r w a y , e n t r a n ce , o r g a t e , e sp e ci a l l y o n e t h a t i s la r g e a n d i m p o si n g ) a n d p o rti c o ( a p o r c h o r w a l k w a y w i t h a r oo f s u p p o rt e d b y c ol u m n s , o ft e n le a d i n g t o t h e e n t r a n c e o f a b u i l d i n g ) . F u rt h e r r e c a l l t ha t t h e k e y w o r d f o rest d e sc e n d s f r o m t h e I E r o o t dhw er - w hi c h m e a n s d o o r , d o o r w a y a n d t ha t t he w o r d do o r i s o n e o f i t s p a r o n y ms . A s e c o n d s e ma n t i c r e l a t i on s h i p c o n ce r n s T RAV ELE RS . T he w o r d

wa yf a re r i s a co m p o u n d w o r d , t h e he a d o f w h i c h i s p a r o n y m o f p e t ri fi ed .
I t m e a n s on e w h o t r a v e l s , e sp e ci a l l y o n f o o t . 3 T h e w o r d f o re i gn e r i s a p a r o n y m o f fo r est a n d m e a n s o n e w ho i s f r o m a f o r e i g n c o u n t r y o r p l a c e a n d on e w ho i s f r o m o u t si d e a p a r t i c u l a r g r o u p or c o m m u n i t y ; a n o u t s i d e r . W hi l e a f o re i gn e r a n d a wayf a re r a r e n ot s y n on y m s , t he y a r e r e l a t e d t e r m s : t h e re a r e o c ca s i on s w he n a s i n g l e i n d i vi d u a l , a t r a v e le r , c a n b e b ot h a t t h e s a m e t i m e . F i n a l l y , t he r e a r e a n u m b e r o f c o mp o un d s a n d c o m m o n p h r a s e s t ha t c a n b e f o r m e d f r om t h e a b o v e k e y w or d s a n d t h e i r p a r on y m s . T h e s e i n c l u d e o u t do o r spo rt s , f o ren s i c re p ort , f o re i gn p o rts , a n d we l f a re

b e ne f i t s .

2 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 21 3 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/wayfarer Starling Hunter 2011 2