(a) For Pi ’s are concyclic,

P1 P2
Angle deflected from P1 P4 to P1 P3
= Angle deflected from P2 P4 to P2 P3
θ1 θ2

∴ Arg ( z 3 − z1 ) − Arg ( z 4 − z1 ) = Arg ( z 3 − z 2 ) − Arg ( z 4 − z 2 )

z 3 − z1 z − z2
∴ Arg = Arg 3
z 4 − z1 z4 − z2
P4
z −z z − z2 P3
∴ 0 = Arg 3 1 − Arg 3
z 4 − z1 z4 − z2
z 3 − z1 z 4 − z 2 z − z z − z4
= Arg ⋅ = Arg 1 3 ⋅ 2
z 4 − z1 z 3 − z 2 z1 − z 4 z 2 − z 3

z1 − z 3 z 2 − z 4 z1 − z 3 z 2 − z 4
∴ Im( ⋅ ) = 0 i.e. ⋅ is real.
z1 − z 4 z 2 − z 3 z1 − z 4 z 2 − z 3
az i + b az j + b (ad − bc)( z i − z j )
(b) wi − w j = − =
cz i + d cz j + d (cz i + d )(cz j + d )
(ad − bc)( z i − z j )
For i ≠ j , z i ≠ z j , then wi − w j = ≠ 0 as ad − bc ≠ 0
(cz i + d )(cz j + d )
w1 − w3 w2 − w4 z1 − z 3 z 2 − z 4
⋅ = ⋅
w1 − w4 w2 − w3 z1 − z 4 z 2 − z 3

w1 − w3 w2 − w4 z1 − z 3 z 2 − z 4
(c) Q Pi ’s are concyclic ∴ ⋅ = ⋅ is real.
w1 − w4 w2 − w3 z1 − z 4 z 2 − z 3
w1 − w3 w2 − w4
∴ ⋅ =k +0i for some k ∈ ℜ .
w1 − w4 w2 − w3
Case (i) k = 0 : ( w1 − w3 )( w2 − w4 ) = 0
∴ w1 = w3 or w2 = w4
which is impossible as z i ’s are distinct, wi ’s are also distinct. (by (b))
 w1 − w3 w 2 − w4
Case (ii) k ≠ 0 : ⋅ =k +0i
w1 − w 4 w2 − w3

w1 − w3 w 2 − w 4
Arg ( ⋅ ) = 0 or π (depending on k > 0 or k < 0 )
w1 − w4 w 2 − w3
w1 − w3 w − w3
Arg ( ) − Arg ( 2 ) = 0 or π
w1 − w 4 w 2 − w4

∴ (Angle deflected from Q1Q 4 to Q1Q3 ) – ( Angle deflected from Q 2 Q4 to Q 2 Q3 )

= 0 or π
[Here Qi representing the complex number wi in Argand diagram.]

For simplicity, we say

∠Q 4 Q1Q3 − ∠Q 4 Q 2 Q3 = 0 or π . [Remember that the ‘angles’ have directions.]

Sub-case (1): ∠Q 4 Q 2 Q3 = 0 (i.e. Q 2 , Q3 and Q 4 are collinear)

Then, ∠Q 4 Q1Q3 = 0 or π .
∴ Q1 , Q3 and Q 4 are collinear.
i.e. Qi ’s are collinear.
Sub-case (2): ∠Q 4 Q 2 Q3 ≠ 0 .
* For ∠Q 4 Q1Q3 − ∠Q 4 Q 2 Q3 = 0,
∠Q 4 Q1Q3 = ∠Q 4 Q 2 Q3

Q1 Q2

φ1 φ2

Q4
Q3

i.e. Qi ’s are concyclic.

* For ∠Q 4 Q1Q3 − ∠Q 4 Q 2 Q3 = π
∠Q 4 Q1Q3 + ∠Q3 Q 2 Q 4 = π
[‘angles’ have directions!!]
Q1

φ1

Q4 φ2
Q3

Q2

i.e. Qi ’s are concyclic.