FLUIDS FLOW

Chen 302
Instructor: Sandeep Hedge

By: Vineet Kapoor, Davinder

Dhaliwal and Jagroop
Randahwa
 Report
Raw Data

TABLE 1.1 – CALIBRATION OF AN ORFICE AND VENTURI METER

TIME TO FILL PRESSURE PRESSURE
MASS OF WATER(LB) BUCKET OF DIFFERENCE IN DIFFERENCE IN
WATER(S) ORIFICE (∆P) VENTURI (∆P)

6.65 (wt of bucket) 0 0 0

14.1-6.65 = 7.35 33.85 1.2 1.2

14.4-6.35 = 7.65 18.09 5.1 4.9

21.0-6.35 = 14.25 19.44 15.7 14.5

26.6-6.35 = 19.85 22.94 22.9 19.5

30.5-6.35 = 23.75 21.66 36.3 31.6

TABLE 1.2 – FRICTION LOSS IN 1 INCH COPPER TUBE

3 TURNS 6 TURNS 9 TURNS 12 TURNS FULLY

CLOSED
OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN

Pressure difference
0 1.5 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.9
across pipe (∆P)

Pressure difference
0 14.4 42 47.1 48.7 49.1
in orifice (∆P)

TABLE 1.3 – FRICTION LOSS IN ¾ INCHES COPPER TUBE

 3 TURNS 6 TURNS 9 TURNS 12 TURNS FULLY
CLOSED
OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN

Pressure
difference
across pipe 0 4 10.2 11.4 11.6 11.7

(∆P)

Pressure
difference in 0 13 36.0 39.9 40.7 41.1
orifice (∆P)

TABLE 1.4 – FRICTION LOSS IN ½ INCHES COPPER TUBE

3 TURNS 6 TURNS 9 TURNS 12 TURNS FULLY

CLOSED
OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN

Pressure
difference
across pipe 0 16.6 28.2 32.0 32.3 32.4

(∆P)

Pressure
difference in 0 9.2 16.3 18.2 18.8 19.0
orifice (∆P)

TABLE 1.5 – FRICTION LOSS IN 3/8 INCH COPPER TUBE

CLOSED 3 TURNS 6 TURNS 9 TURNS 12 TURNS FULLY

 OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN

Pressure
difference
across pipe 0 36.7 43.2 44.2 44.2 44.5

(∆P)

Pressure
difference in 0 5.5 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7
orifice (∆P)

2. Convert flow meter measurements in lb/s into m3/s and draw a graph of flow
versus orifice and venture readings (∆P) and another of flow rate2 versus orifice
and venture readings (∆P). Does the shape of the graph agree with the theory?
Explain your answer.

TABLE 2.1 – CONVERTING FLOW RATES

Mass of water(lb) Time to fill bucket of water(s) Flow Rate (lb/s) Flow Rate (m3/s)

6.65 (wt of bucket) 0 0 0

14.1-6.65 = 7.35 33.85 .217 9.84 x 10-5

14.4-6.35 = 7.65 18.09 .423 1.92 x 10-4

21.0-6.35 = 14.25 19.44 .733 3.32 x 10-4

26.6-6.35 = 19.85 22.94 .865 3.92 x 10-4

30.5-6.35 = 23.75 21.66 1.10 4.99 x 10-4

1000L = 1m3

1lb = 0.4536kg

1kg (water) = 1L (water)

TABLE 2.2 – PRESSURE DIFFERENCE VS. FLOW RATE

Pressure difference in Pressure difference in
Flow Rate (m3/s) Flow Rate2 (m3/s)2
orifice (∆P) Venturi (∆P)
 0 0 0 0

1.2 1.2 9.84 x 10-5 9.68 x 10-9

5.1 4.9 1.92 x 10-4 3.69 x 10-8

15.7 14.5 3.32 x 10-4 1.10 x 10-7

22.9 19.5 3.92 x 10-4 1.54 x 10-7

36.3 31.6 4.99 x 10-4 2.49 x 10-7

GRAPH 1: FLOW RATE VS. PRESSURE DROP

FlowRate(m3/s) vsPressureDifference(∆P)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
c(∆ D
ifn
suP
re

5
)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Flow Rate ( *10-4m3/s)

Pressure difference in orifice (∆P) Pressure difference in Venturi (∆P)

GRAPH 2: FLOW RATE2 VS. PRESSURE DROP

From the graphs you can see that as the flow rate increases so does the pressure
difference. Pressure Difference in orifice meter increases at faster rate compared to
Venturi Meter.
TABLE 3.1 FLOW RATE THROUGH TUBES AND PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
THROUGH ORIFICE METER

FlowRate(m3/s) Pressure Difference(∆P)

1inchtube
2.90 14.40
5.30 42.00
5.50 47.10
5.80 48.10
5.90 49.10

3/4inchtube
2.90 13.00
5.00 36.00
5.20 39.90
5.25 40.70
5.30 41.10

1/2inchtube
2.40 9.30
3.40 16.30
3.60 18.20
3.62 18.80
3.65 19.00

3/8inchtube
1.90 5.50
2.01 6.60
2.20 6.70
2.20 6.70
2.20 6.70
GRAPH 3: FLOW RATE THROUGH TUBES VS. PRESSURE DIFFERENCE

FlowRate(m3/s) vs PressureDifference(∆P)
60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00
(∆
)c D
ifn
uP
re
s

10.00

0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Flow Rate ( *10-4m3/s)

1 inch tube 3/4 inch tube 1/2 inch tube 3/8 inch tube