Product of sums Simplification

Simplify the following Boolean function in

1. Sum of Products(SOP)
2. Product of Sums(POS)
F(w,x,y,z) = ∑(0,1,2,5,8,9,10)
1.Sum of products
Squares marked with 1’s represent minterms
of the function
F = x`z` + x`y` + w`y`z
Squares marked with 0’s represent maxterms
of the function
2. Product of sums
F` = w x + y z + x z`
F=(w`+x`)+(y`+z`)+(x`+z)(by DeMorgan’s theorem)
 yz y

wx

z
Implementation of function F
x`
z`

y`

w`
z

F = x`z` + x`y` + w`y`z

Implementation of function F
w`
x`

y`
z`

F =(w` +x`)(y`+z`)(x`+z)
DON’T – CARE CONDITIONS
The functions that have unspecified outputs
for some input combinations are called
incompletely specified functions or Don’t care
conditions
This conditions can be used on a map to
simplify the Boolean expression.
F(w,x,y,z) = ∑(1,3,7,11,15)
d(w,x,y,z) =∑ (0,2,5)
Truth Table

F = y z + w`x`
Truth Table

F = y z + w`z
F = y z + w`z
F(w,x,y,z) = y z + w`x`= ∑(0,1,2,3,7,11,15)
F(w,x,y,z) = y z + w` z = ∑(1,3,5,7,11,15)
F` = z` + w y`
F(w,x,y,z) =z(w` +y) = (1,3,5,7,11,15)
NAND IMPLEMENTATION
AND -Invert

Invert - OR
Two – Level Implementation
F = AB + CD
Multi – Level NAND Circuits
AND – OR Gates

F= A(CD+B)+BC
NAND Gates
GENERAL PROCEDURE
•Convert all AND gates to NAND gates with AND
Invert graphic symbol
•Convert all OR gates to NAND with Invert OR
graphic symbol.
•Check all the bubbles in the diagram. For every
bubble that is not compensated by another small
circle along the same line,insert an inverter or
complement the input literal.
Graphic Symbol for NOR

OR -Invert

(x + y + z)`

Invert - AND
(x + y + z)`
Implementing
F = (A+B)(C+D)E
F = (AB` + A`B)(C + D`)
Other Two level Implementations
OR – AND –INVERT
Implementation

OR - NAND
OR - NAND

NOR - OR
EXCLUSIVE – OR Function

x⊕ y = x y`+x`y

AND –OR - NOT

With NAND Gates

x ⊕ y = x y` + x`y
(x⊕y)`= x y + x`y`
x ⊕ 0= x
x ⊕ 1 = x`
x⊕ x=0
x ⊕ x` = 1
x ⊕ y` = x`⊕ y = (x⊕ y)`
(x⊕y) ⊕ z = x⊕ (y ⊕ z) = x⊕ y⊕ z
Odd and Even Function
3- input odd function

3- input Even function

Parity Generation and Checking
3 –bit Even Parity
Generator

4 –bit Even Parity

Checker
Even Parity Generator
Truth Table