Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Areva Disconnectors Skillebrytere
Areva Disconnectors Skillebrytere
Kassel, Germany Noventa di Piave, Italy Madrid, Spain P.R. China: Guanzhu, Suzhou, Benjin,
Itajub, Brazil
Why do we use disconnectors? As.. circuit breakers divert loads and protect all the other equipment, Instrument transformers ensure voltage current metering and information flow, &
Disconnectors guarantee safety for the people working on the high voltage network, providing visible and reliable air gap isolation of line sections and equipment.
Nobody is perfect
Most companies are safety conscious, taking responsibility for their electrical personnel. Procedures are clear, training is well performed. Yet, informal polls show that electrical personnel involved with commissioning, maintenance or repair indicate that some employees have violated safety rules on more than one occasion. Statistics show that thousands of workers are involved in electrical incidents every year, resulting in electrocution and/or death.
10 10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
N1: component population over the 4 years of reference (1996-99) FR2: failure rate (average on the 4 years) Source: Cigr An integral evaluation approach for bidding new components for hv
15
16
16
18
18
19
19
Disconnectors, Why ?
Through:
Reliable isolation in open position Opening or closing an electric circuit Making and breaking small currents (IEC1128, IEC1129)
Disconnectors ensure :
Without:
Making and breaking nominal or higher currents
Power derivation
21
21
Disconnectors, Where?
22
22
Disconnector design
International Standard
3,6kV<Ur<245kV
Disconnector design
Ur (rated Voltage) = 145kV P.F. (power frequency withstand voltage)= 275kV common values* 315kV across the isolating distance L.I. (lighting impulse withstand voltage, 1,2/50s)= 650kV commons values* 750kV across the isolating distance
25
25
300kV<Ur<800kV
Disconnector design
Ur (rated Voltage) = 420kV P.F. (power frequency withstand voltage)= 520kV common values* 610kV across the isolating distance S.I. (switching impulse withstand voltage,50/2500s)= 1050 phase-earth 1575 between phases 900(+450) across isolating distance L.I. (lighting impulse withstand voltage)= 1425kV commons values* 1425(+240)kV across the isolating distance *common values: applied to phase-to-earth and phase-tophase.
26
26
The parameter that rules the sizing of High Voltage switches is the Swithing Impulse withstand. The dimension of the open gap can be calculated by means of the Gallet formula:
3400 U 50 = k 8 1+ d
U50 = value of SI for which the probability of a discharge is 50% U10 = value of SI for which the probability of a discharge is 10%
27 27
28
28
Analysis of open gap Switching Impulse withstand of different disconnectors. Research for the limits with Up & Down method. 420kV switches for use in Europe grid. Double Side Break S3CD UK Semipantograph SPV ENEL
29
29
Gallet formula
U 50
d = 3.73 m k = 1.18
3400 =k 8 1+ d
30
30
Gallet formula
U 50
3400 =k 8 1+ d
d = 3.5 m U50 = 1417 kV peak k = 1.37 U10 = 1306 kV peak
31
31
Each kind of DSC has to be type tested according to the IEC standard 62271-102
Main purpose: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Lighting Impulse Switching Impulse RIV-Radio Interference Voltage Temperature Rise Test Short Circuit Current Test Mechanical Endurance Test Mechanical Terminal Load Operation under several coating condition Operating at the temperature Limits
10. Bus transfer current switching References: IEC 694 IEC 62271-102 High Voltage Switchgear IEC 865-1 Short Circuit currentCalculation and effects
32 32
34
34
Side break S2CR Centre break S2DA - VCB Double side break S3C S3CD S3VD
Pantograph SX
36
Parallel to the base, Mobile arm or fixed contact side Vertical to the base, Mobile arm or fixed contact side (special)
37 37
38
38
39
39
Double side Semi p. Semi p. hor. break vert. (SPO-SPOL) (S3C-S3CD) (SPV-SPVL)
Pant. (SX)
VB (CGVBS3CV)
E.S. (STB-STA)
42
42
1980: PANTOGRAPH 1050/6000 (Italy) 2000: SPOL(T)(2T)-800/3150 (Russia) 2003: SPVL-800/3150 (Brasil, USA) 2005-8: SPO and SPOL-765/3150 (South Africa, India, Venezuela) 2007: SPOL 800kV 5000A DC (China) 2008: SPO 515kV DC disconnector and STA DC earthing switch for Valve Hall (SAPEI project)
43 43
1980: PANTOGRAPH 1050/6600 (Italy) 2000: SPOL(T)(2T)-800/3150 (Russia) 2003: SPVL-800/3150 (Brasil, USA) 2005-8: SPO and SPOL-765/3150 (South Africa, India, Venezuela) 2007: SPOL 800kV 5000A DC (China) 2008: SPO 515kV DC disconnector and STA DC earthing switch for Valve Hall (SAPEI project)
44 44
Manufacturer: Type: Nominal direct voltage: Max direct voltage: Nominal current: BIL: SIL:
AREVA T&D SpA SPOL-800/4000 or 5000A 800 kV DC 824 kV 4000 A or 5000 A 1950 kV 1700 kV
(*) from technical specifications of Yunnan Guangdong and Xiangjiaba Shanghai projects
45 45
Dielectric tests
From March to July 2007 Dielectric, Corona and RIV tests have been carried out in FGH laboratory of CESI group, in Mannheim, Germany.
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
Since November 2006, in order to verify the long term behaviour of the switch, AREVA disconnector, together with many other pieces of UHVDC equipment, has been put in a circuit in STRI laboratory in Ludvika, Sweden, and energized at 855kVDC.
50
50
51
51
52
52
1980: PANTOGRAPH 1050/6600 (Italy) 2000: SPOL(T)(2T)-800/3150 (Russia) 2003: SPVL-800/3150 (Brasil, USA) 2005-8: SPO and SPOL-765/3150 (South Africa, India, Venezuela) 2007: SPOL 800kV 5000A DC (China) 2008: SPO 515kV DC disconnector and STA DC earthing switch for Valve Hall (SAPEI project)
53 53
SAPEI (SArdinia PEnisola Italica): the largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea
54
54
Manufacturer: Type, disconnector: Type, earthing switch: Nominal direct voltage: Direct voltage withstand: Nominal current (DSC): BIL: SIL:
AREVA T&D SpA SPO-515/3150 STA-515 515 kV DC 773 kV 3150 A 1110 kV 1015 kV
55
55
56
56
Anti-corona shields
Direct entry E.S. with tulip contact on fixed part Standard CMM operating mechanism
57 57
58
58
XiangJiaba Shanghai Project STA Valve Hall E.S. of Fengxian and Fulong Stations
The experience of SAPEI project has been very useful for the design of the wall mounted and semipantograph Earthing Switches for Fengxian and Fulong Stations.
59
59
10m
61
61
62
62