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3RG HOHPHQWDUQLP IXQNFLMDPD QDMHH HPR SRGUD]XPLMHYDWL UHDOQH IXQNFLMH UHDOQH

QDMHH GLMHOLPR QD DOJHEDUVNH L WUDQVFHGHQWQH IXQNFLMH  $/*(%$56.( )81.&,-(

EURM 7DNYR SRGUXMH GHILQLFLMH QD]LYDPR SULURGQR SRGUXMH GHILQLFLMH 5HDOQH IXQNFLMH

GHILQLFLMH REXKYDD VYH UHDOQH EURMHYH ]D NRMH VH QDNRQ QD]QDHQLK RSHUDFLMD GRELYD UHDODQ

8 VOXDMX NDGD MH IXQNFLMD I  5 5 ]DGDQD IRUPXORP VPDWUDW HPR GD QMH]LQR SRGUXMH

YDULMDEOH RGQRVQR IXQNFLMH ]D NRMH VX GRPHQD L NRGRPHQD VDGUDQH X VNXSX UHDOQLK EURMHYD

QH]DYLVQRP YDULMDEORP [ 'LMHOLPR LK QD

PQRHQMH GLMHOMHQMH WH SRWHQFLUDQMH VD FLMHOLP L UD]ORPOMHQLP HNVSRQHQWRP NRMH VH YUH QDG  FLMHOH UDFLRQDOQH IXQNFLMH LOL SROLQRPH  UD]ORPOMHQH UDFLRQDOQH IXQNFLMH  LUDFLRQDOQH IXQNFLMH

$OJHEDUVNH IXQNFLMH GRELYDMX VH QL]RP DOJHEDUVNLK RSHUDFLMD ]EUDMDQMH RGX]LPDQMH

 &,-(/( 5$&,21$/1( )81.&,-( ,/, 32/,120, 3ROLQRP MH IXQNFLMD REOLND

Pn ( x) = a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + " + a1 x + a 0  SUL HPX MH

Q1^` a i 5 L = 0, 1, 2, , n) su koeficijenti polinoma. Ako je a n  RQGD Pn (x) QD]LYDPR SROLQRPRP QWRJ VWXSQMD $NR MH a n  ]D SROLQRP NDHPR GD MH QRUPLUDQ 3ULURGQR SRGUXMH GHILQLFLMH SROLQRPD MH LWDY VNXS 5 3ROLQRP QXOWRJ VWXSQMD P0 ( x) = a 0  XVWYDUL MH NRQVWDQWD RGQRVQR IXQNFLMD REOLND f ( x) = a 0 = const 

0DWHPDWLND YMHEH

-RVLSD 3HUNRY

 1SU QDFUWDMPR X LVWRP NRRUGLQDWQRP VXVWDYX SUDYFH f ( x) = 2 L g ( x) = 1

3ROLQRP SUYRJ VWXSQMD P1 ( x) = a1 x + a 0 MH OLQHDUQD IXQNFLMD LML MH JUDI SUDYDF 7R MH GDNOH IXQNFLMD REOLND f ( x) = ax + b  JGMH MH D NRHILFLMHQW VPMHUD QDJLE SUDYFD RGQRVQR WDQJHQV NXWD WR JD SUDYDF ]DWYDUD V SR]LWLYQLP VPMHURP RVL [ D E RGVMHDN QD RVL \

b a

GRYROMQR MH X]HWL x1 L x 2 NRML VX UD]OLLWL L L]UDXQDWL f ( x1 ) L f ( x 2 )  7DNR VH GRELMX WRNH

T1 ( x1 , f ( x1 )) L T2 ( x 2 , f ( x 2 )) NUR] NRMH VH SRVWDYOMD SUDYDF

*UDI SROLQRPD SUYRJ VWXSQMD ODNR MH QDFUWDWL %XGXL GD MH SUDYDF RGUH HQ V GYMHPD WRNDPD

=DGDWDN  1DFUWDMWH SUDYFH D

f ( x) = 2 x + 3 

f ( x) = 2 x + 1 

Rjeenje: D f ( x) = 2 x + 3 D  E   f ( x1 )   T1 (0,3)  WH X]PLPR QSU  T2 (1,1)  8]PLPR SURL]YROMQR x1  QSU x1

x 2  f ( x 2 )    

0DWHPDWLND YMHEH

    

-RVLSD 3HUNRY

 E f ( x) = 2 x + 1 D  E   T1 (1,1)  WH X]PLPR QSU x 2 

8]PLPR x1  f ( x1 )    

f ( x 2 )    

 T2 (1,3) 

8RLPR SUDYDF f ( x) = 2 x + 3 MH UDVWXL D SUDYDF f ( x) = 2 x + 1 MH SDGDMXL 5DVW L SDG SUDYFD RGUH XMH NRHILFLMHQW VPMHUD SUDYFD WM DNR MH D! SUDYDF MH UDVWXL D DNR MH D SUDYDF MH SDGDMXL

3ROLQRP GUXJRJ VWXSQMD *UDI NYDGUDWQH IXQNFLMH

P2 ( x) = a 2 x 2 + a1 x + a 0  MH SR]QDWD NYDGUDWQD IXQNFLMD

f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c  LML MH JUDI SDUDEROD f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c PRHPR RSLVDWL X RYLVQRVWL R YULMHGQRVWL NRHILFLMHQWD D GLVNULPLQDQWH D = b 2 4ac  QXOWRDND x1 L x 2 L WMHPHQD T (xT , yT )  =D D !  JUDI IXQNFLMH MH RWYRURP RNUHQXW SUHPD JRUH L IXQNFLMD LPD PLQLPXP QDMPDQMX YULMHGQRVW X WMHPHQX ]D D   JUDI IXQNFLMH MH RWYRURP RNUHQXW SUHPD GROMH L IXQNFLMD LPD PDNVLPXP

QDMYHX YULMHGQRVW X WMHPHQX

b 4ac b 2  7MHPH MH X WRNL T (xT , y T ) JGMH MH xT =  y T =  a 4a

 Sjecite parabole s y osi dobijemo za x = 0:

f (0) = a 0 2 + b 0 + c = c SDUDEROD VLMHH \ RV X WRNL  F MHGQDGEH VX GDQD IRUPXORP Sjecite parabole s x osi dobijemo za y = 0: ax 2 + bx + c = 0 . Rjeenja ove kvadratne

x1, 2 =

b b 2 4ac 2a

QMHJD XOD]H UHDOQL EURMHYL D E L F 6WRJD SRVWRMH WUL PRJXQRVWL '! '  LOL ' 0DWHPDWLND YMHEH

'LVNULPLQDQWRP QD]LYDPR L]UD] D = b 2 4ac  'LVNULPLQDQWD MH UHDODQ L]UD] MHU X

-RVLSD 3HUNRY

 $NR MH ' !  MHGQDGED ax 2 + bx + c = 0 LPD GYD UHDOQD L UD]OLLWD UMHHQMD SD JUDI  MHGQDGED ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ima dvostruko realno rjeenje, tj. x1
x2 

IXQNFLMH VLMHH [ RV X GYLMH WRNH  x1    x 2   $NR MH ' *UDI GRWLH [ RV

NRPSOHNVQR NRQMXJLUDQL EURMHYL SD JUDI QH VLMHH [ RV =DGDWDN  1DFUWDMWH JUDI SROLQRPD f ( x) = x 2 + 4 x + 3  Rjeenje:

$NR MH '   MHGQDGED

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 nema realnih rjeenja, tj. rjeenja su

%XGXL MH D

 !  SDUDEROD LPD RWYRU RNUHQXW SUHPD JRUH

7MHPH SDUDEROH y = x 2 + 4 x + 3 MH
xT = b 4 = = 2 2 1 2a T (2,1)  2 2 4ac b 4 1 3 4 12 16 4 yT = = = = = 1 4a 4 1 4 4

6MHFLWH V \ RVL MH WRND   6MHFLWD V [ RVL QDOD]LPR UMHDYDQMHP NYDGUDWQH MHGQDGEH x 2 + 4 x + 3 = 0 

x1, 2 =
SD MH x1 =

b b 2 4ac 4 16 12 4 4 4 2 = = = 2a 2 2 2

4+2 2 42 6 = = 1  x 2 = = = 3  2 2 2 2

=DGDWDN  1DFUWDMWH JUDI SROLQRPD GUXJRJ VWXSQMD f ( x) = x 2 + 4 x  Rjeenje:

 SDUDEROD LPD RWYRU RNUHQXW SUHPD GROMH

0DWHPDWLND YMHEH

-RVLSD 3HUNRY

 xT =
T (2,4) 2 2 4 (1) 0 4 4ac b 16 yT = = = = 4 4a 4 (1) 4

b 4 4 = = =2 2a 2 (1) 2

6MHFLWH V \ RVL MH WRND  MHU MH F

RjeenMD PRHPR QDL L IDNWRUL]DFLMRP SROLQRPD WM

x 2 + 4x = 0

6MHFLWD V [ RVL QDOD]LPR UMHDYDQMHP NYDGUDWQH MHGQDGEH x 2 + 4 x = 0 

x( x + 4) = 0 LOL MH [   8PQRDN GYDMX EURMHYD MH MHGQDN QXOL DNR MH MHGDQ RG QMLK MHGQDN QXOL WM LOL MH [ [  'DNOH VMHFLWD V [ RVL VX WRNH  L  

=DGDWDN  1DFUWDMWH JUDI SROLQRPD f ( x) = ( x 2) 2 Rjeenje:

f ( x) = ( x 2) 2 = x 2 4 x + 4 a = 1 RWYRU SDUDEROH RNUHQXW SUHPD JRUH 7  VMHFLWH V \ RVL MH X WRNL  Sjecita s x osi : x 2 4 x + 4 = 0
x1, 2 = b b 2 4ac 4 16 16 4 0 4 0 4 = = = = =2 2a 2 2 2 2

SDUDEROH

9LGLPR GD MH '

 WR ]QDL GD SDUDEROD GRWLH [ RV X WRNL  NRMD MH XMHGQR L WMHPH

0DWHPDWLND YMHEH

-RVLSD 3HUNRY

 =DGDWDN  1DFUWDMWH JUDI IXQNFLMH f ( x) = 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 Rjeenje:

 RWYRU SDUDEROH MH RNUHQXW SUHPD GROMH VLMHH \ RV X WRNL  

2 11 T , 5 5

1XOWRNH 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 = 0
x1, 2 = b b 2 4ac 4 16 60 4 44 = = 2a 2 2

%XGXL MH GLVNULPLQDQWD EURM PDQML RG QXOH SDUDEROD QH VLMHH [ RV

0DWHPDWLND YMHEH

-RVLSD 3HUNRY