eivK eªþcyÎ : Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ

kyfcÖmv` b›`x gRyg`vi

m¤úv`K e‡jwQ‡jb, Mvb wel‡q †jLv w`‡Z| Avgvi fvebv wQj, ÔGKv Ges K‡qKRbÕ Gi gZ GKwU mywe¯Z…Z g‡Â
eivK eªþcyÎ ˆbKU¨ `~iZ¡ wel‡q `yÕPviwU wb‡Ri K_v webxZfv‡e DÌvcb Kivi| G K_v fve‡Z fve‡ZB †K‡U †Mj
w`b| nVvr K‡i kw³c` eªþPvix Kw_Z, ÔnVvr †Kvb wnib¥q Av‡jv‡K †c‡q †Mjvg †Zv‡KÕ †Mv‡Qi AvKw¯§Zvq MÖw_Z n‡q
†Mj `yÕwU Avjv`v Avjv`v kãeÜ, ˆZwi nj G †jLvi wk‡ivbvg| GKwU Mv‡bi mnhvÎx n‡q cÖvq Kzwo eQi DËi c~‡e©i
bvbv cÖvš— Ny‡i †eov‡Z †eov‡Z ˆZwi nq GKwU †jLvi cUf~wg| †m mdibvgv Ges †mB †jLv, GKB cv‡Z cwi‡ekb
Ki‡Z PvB AvR|

NUbv 1

ZLb Av‡Ui `kK| eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kv Ry‡o Pj‡Q Aw¯—Z¡ i¶vi Db¥v`bv| Avµvš— n‡”Qb msL¨vjNyiv| mvgvwRK eqKU I
cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pj‡Q Amgxqvfvlx evgcš’x ivR‰bwZK Kg©x, we‡kl K‡i wmwcGg Kg©x‡`i Ici| eivK eªþcy‡Î ZLb
cÖvq gyL †`Lv‡`wL eÜ| GgbB `geÜ Kiv w`‡b wkjP‡i Av‡qvwRZ nZ mvs¯‹…wZK ms¯’v, Ôw`kvixÕi D‡`¨v‡M ˆgÎx
Drme| †m mgq GKevi eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kv †_‡K Mvb MvB‡Z G‡jb GK hyeK| †Pnvivq cwi”Q‡` G‡Kev‡iB mvaviY|
wewkó wkíxmyjf fvwiw°fve †bB, Av‡Q MÖvgxb AvgRbZvi Av`j| †h †cvkv‡K †Uªb †_‡K †b‡gwQ‡jb, †m †cvkv‡K
iv‡Zi Nyg †m‡i Avi †Kvb mvRm¾v QvovB nvwRi n‡jb g‡Â| IB GKB g‡Â Av‡Mi eQi ¸wj‡Z Mvb †M‡q †M‡Qb
†ngv½ wek¦vm, cÖwZgv cv‡Ê, w`jxc kg©v, AwRZ cv‡Ê cÖgLy iv| Zzjbvq A‡bKUvB wbivfiY †mB wkíx Mvb MvB‡ZB cv‡ë
†Mj cwi‡ek| Abvwej †mB MÖvgxb KÚ †_‡K wbtm„Z nj †hb BwZnv‡mi RbK‡j−vj| Ôwnun‡Z AvgvK Mvb Mve wbw`‡q,
wb‡MÖv fvB Avgvi cj †ivembÕ| bvwRg wnKg‡Zi KvivMvi, cj †ivem‡bi cÖwZ i³P¶z gvwK©bx MYZš¿ Avi ÔwR‡q Amg
g‡i †Kvb&Õ Gi Db¥v` Kji‡ei Avmvg GKvKvi n‡q †Mj| †hb eRªK‡Ú eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi Aei“× MYZvwš¿K KÚ¯^i nvZ
evov‡Z PvB‡Q mviv c„w_exi myü `‡`i w`‡K| mngwg©Zvq †kªvZv‡`i †gi“`ÊI †hb Uvb Uvb n‡q DV‡Q| FRy †kªvZ…gÊjx
c‡ii Mv‡bB †f‡m †Mj Av‡e‡Mi c−ve‡b| Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ| GZKvj †h Mv‡bi K_v ï‡bwQ| Kv‡b †kvbvi Gi‡P‡q
fv‡jv mgq Avi †Kv_vq? eªþcyÎ cv‡ii GKwU MÖvgxb hye‡Ki Mjvq hLb cÙvcv‡ii ev¯‘Pz¨Z nviva‡bi AvwZ© fvwUqvwji
myi gyQ©bvq †f‡m †eov‡”Q †cÖ¶vM„ngq, ÔAvevi Avwg evÜgy Ni, Avevi Avwg MvBgy Mvb/ `yt†L hw` cvlvY M‡j Mj‡e wK
civbÕ| †cÖ¶vM„‡n ZLb †Pv‡Li R‡j jvMj †Rvqvi| GB Rj `yt†Li bq, GgbwK mv`vgvUv Avb‡›`iI bq| we‡Øl Avi
ˆewiZvi GKwU wecÖZxc mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡k fv‡jvevmv‡ev‡ai GKwU †mZz wbg©v‡Yi AvKzwZ‡Z| hLb Mv‡bi my‡i eÜz‡Z¡i
e܇b GKvKvi n‡q †Mj weû-fvwUqvwji myi, hLb iOg‡bi fv‡l¨ ïwb, ÔM½vi Pvcwii Zwj‡Z †`wLev jyBZi cj‡mv
Av‡Q/ †Zvgvi †gvi AvB‡q Kvw›`‡j GKB PKz cvwb †gv‡QÕ| ZLb †cÖ¶M„‡n †PuwP‡q I‡Vb Kwe Abyiƒcv wek¦vm| ÔGB †Zv
PvB| evOvwji Mjvq weû Avi Amgxqvi Mjvq fvwUqvwj| ciw`b knigq GKwUB Av‡jvPbv, nvivab iOgb K_v| gy‡L
gy‡L D”PvwiZ GKwUB bvg, NbKvš— †WKv| †mw`b NbKvš— †WKvi KÚ¯^‡i wkjPi kni ï‡b‡Q knx` g`b-gvae-wbiÄb-
D×e mn eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi jovKz gvbeZvi ¯^i| eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi fv‡jvevmv †mw`b fvlv †c‡qwQj NbKvš— †WKvi
K‡Ú| Mvb bq, †mw`b g~Z© n‡qwQj GKwU Kvw•LZ wØivjvc|
Zvici Ôg›`fv‡jvi ؇›Ø †L‡UÕ †K‡U †M‡Q A‡bKw`b| eªþcy‡Îi Zxi Ôkvš—Õ nj| ivRv †Mj, ivRv Gj|
†cvlv‡Ki iO cvëvj| w`b nj AviI Auvavigq †fZ‡i †fZ‡i| evB‡ii GK AvcvZ kvwš—Kj¨v‡Y A‡bKUvB AkÖ“Z n‡q
†Mj GB Mvb| Gw`‡K Avmv‡gi eûfvlx, eû ms¯‹…wZi mË¡vi Ici Pj‡Z _vKj †Pviv‡Mvßv AvµgY cÖwZwbqZ| bvbv ¶z`ª
Rb‡Mvôx ¯^Zš¿ AvZ¥cwiP‡qi `vwe wb‡q †mv”Pvi nj w`‡K w`‡K| GZw`b ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqvq hviv e„nËi Amgxqv
RvwZmËvi †fZ‡iB weKwkZ KiwQj wb‡R‡`i, †eu‡K emj ZvivI| a‡g© fvlvq RvwZ‡Z UzK‡iv UzK‡iv n‡q †h‡Z emj
Avmv‡gi mgvR| †KvbI GKwU wbe‡Ü m¤¢eZ W0 nx‡ib †MuvnvB G‡K ejwQ‡jb Avmv‡gi †jevbbxKiY| A_©vr msN‡l©`xY©
†jevbb †`‡ki †Pnviv wb‡”Q Avmvg| cwiw¯’wZ hLb wewl‡q hv‡”Q A‡bKUvB GKUz b‡o P‡o em‡jb Avmv‡gi
RvZxqZvev`x eyw×Rxex mgvR| Amg mvwnZ¨ mfvi gwiMuvI Awa‡ek‡b LvwbKUv n‡jI †kvbv †Mj cwieZ©‡bi myi| †g‡b
wb‡jb Avmv‡gi mgvR eûRvwZmË¡vAay¨wlZ| Aek¨ iv‡R¨i eûfvwlKZv ev eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvwlK I mvs¯‹…wZK ¯^vZ‡š¿i
¯^xK…wZ wgjj bv| Zey bvbv ¯—‡i eivK I eªþcy‡Îi g‡a¨ GKwU wewbgq M‡o †Zvjvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wel‡q †jLv‡jwL nj
†ek wKQy| wKQy wKQy Kg©m~wPI M„nxZ nj| hw`I G K_vI mZ¨, me D‡`¨vM mZZvi Øviv PvwjZ nq wb| Zey my‡hvM Gj
ïfeyw×m¤úbœ gvby‡li g‡a¨ AvjvcPvwiZvi GKwU †mZz wbg©v‡Yi| wkjPi MYbv‡U¨ ZLb Avevi wd‡i Av‡m †mB Mvb,
Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ| Avi GB Mvb‡K mnhvÎx K‡i M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K bvbv AbvbyôvwbK AvjvcPvwiZv| wbf„‡Z ˆZwi n‡Z
_v‡K GKwU †jLvi Aeqe| 1961 mv‡j åvZ…NvZx `v½vi mgq †ngv½ wek¦vm I f~‡cb nvRvwiKvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wkjs †_‡K
mw`qv Aewa msMwVZ c`hvÎvq nvwZqvi wQj Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ| Akvš— Avmv‡g †mw`b cÖkvmb hv cv‡i wb, †c‡iwQ‡jb
wkíx msMÖvgxiv| †m Mvb Avevi wd‡i Av‡m Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q| ejv hvq Avgv‡`i †MvUv cÖwµqvUvB GKwU bZzb Ônvivab
iOgb K_vÕ| G Mv‡bi Abyl‡½ Av‡m bvbv Mvb| bvbv cÖm‡½i AvjvcPvwiZv| 1874 Gi wm‡jU KvQvo †Mvqvjcvovi
Avmv‡g Aš—f©yw³, c~e©e½vMZ e½fvlx K…l‡Ki emwZ ¯’vcb, †`kfvM, kiYv_©x Rb‡mªvZ, eOvj †L`v, eiv‡Ki fvlv
Av‡›`vjb, Avmvg Av‡›`vjb, g`b-gvae I Zv‡`i mnhvÎx‡`i knx`‡Z¡i cÖm½ n‡q mv¤cÖwZK Quy‡q Avgiv ZvKvB
AvMvgxi w`‡K| †`kfv‡Mi cÖm½ G‡j †hgb Av‡m †ngv½ wek¦v‡mi Mvb, ÔAvgvi kvwš—i M„n my‡Li ¯^cb †i/ I `i`x †K
w`j fvw½qv/ Avgvi gbKv‡›`‡i cÙvi P‡ii jvBM¨vÕ| †Kb kiYv_©xi †evSv eB‡e Avmvg, G cÖkœ G‡j ZLb Dwj−wLZ nq
1961-i åvZ…NvZx `v½vi mgq f~‡cb nvRvwiKvi KÚ wbtm„Z Mvb, Ô`ye©j gvby‡n hw`/ Rxebi Ievj b`x/ cvi nq †Zvgi
mvnZ/ Zzwg †ni“qvev‡bv wKÕ| ZvQvov Av‡Q eû‡Z¡i cÖk|œ Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕq fvwUqvwj weû‡K MÖvm K‡i bv, weû
fvwUqvwj‡K i“× K‡i bv| cvkvcvwk Pj‡Z _v‡K `y‡Uv myi ¯^vaxb ¯^Zù~Z©Zvq| hLb Mv‡b ÔGB wgjbMv‡O Avbj ej †K
we‡f‡`i evb/ Pi fvw½j Ni fvw½j Wye‡jv †mvbvi avbÕ D”PvwiZ nq, ZLb Av‡iv‡n fvwUqvwj Ae‡iv‡n weûi myi wg‡j
ˆZwi nq Z…Zxq GKwU myi| GUvB nqZ fwel¨‡Zi Avmv‡gi mgv‡Ri Aš—j©xb myi n‡Z cv‡i| Aš—Z GB myi MvB‡Z
MvB‡ZB Avgv‡`i ¯^‡cœi Avmvg‡K †`wL|

NUbv 2

wkjs e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil‡` Av‡qvwRZ n‡q‡Q Av‡jvPbv Pµ K‡qK eQi Av‡M| welq, gvZ…fvlvi m¼U : bvbv fvlv‡Mvôxi
†Pv‡L| ïi“‡Z eûfvlx mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb, Zvici Av‡jvPbv| bZzb Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ wb‡qB nvwRi nB| iex›`ªbv_
w`‡q ïi“ K‡i †ngv½ wek¦vm f~‡cb nvRvwiKv Avgv‡`i KvwjKvi Mvb ÔGcvi evsjv Icvi evsjvÕ n‡q me‡k‡l Ônvivab
iOgb K_vÕi Awš—g Pi‡Y †cuŠ‡Q fwel¨‡Zi wgjb weûi Avb‡›`i Zv‡j `yjwQ, ZLb `k©K‡`i cÖ_g mvwi †a‡Z `y‡Pv‡L
R‡ji aviv wb‡q g‡Â D‡V Rwo‡q a‡ib ¸qvnvwU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvlvZ‡Ë¡i Aa¨vcK †ivwnYx †Mv¯^vgx| ÔGfv‡e GB Mvb
wb‡q †MvUv Avmv‡g hw` `kRb wkíx Ny‡i †eovq, Z‡e me weev` me we‡iva †kl n‡q hv‡e|Õ

NUbv 3

wkjPi ¸i“PiY K‡j‡R AbywôZ nj Avmvg K‡jR wk¶K mwgwZi ivR¨ m‡¤§jb eQi K‡qK Av‡M| mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b
Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ cwi‡ewkZ nj| eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kv †_‡K Avmv cÖwZwbwaiv Av‡eM wenŸjB n‡jb bv| †ik †_‡K †Mj
A‡bK`~i| wKQyw`b ci eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi GKwU mvgwqKx‡Z cÖKvwkZ nj GKwU wbeÜ| †jLK R‰bK Ac~e© M‰M, whwb
bvwK Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb †mw`‡bi †mB Abyôv‡b| wi‡cvU©vR bq, †jLvwU n‡q D‡V‡Q Zuvi eivK md‡ii mg‡q cvIqv
fv‡jvevmvi GK Avš—wiK w`bwjwc| †jL‡Ki fvlvq, ÔIB m‡¤§j‡b †hvM bv w`‡j Avgvi Kv‡Q ARvbv †_‡K †hZ eivK
DcZ¨Kvq gvby‡li ey‡K KZUv fv‡jvevmv R‡g Av‡Q eªþcyÎ cv‡ii gvby‡li R‡b¨|Õ

NUbv 4

Avmvg ivR¨ K…wl †mev ms¯’vi ivR¨ m‡¤§j‡bi Avmi e‡mwQj m¤cÖwZ wkjP‡i| †mLv‡b Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕ †hb Zwor
cÖevn eB‡q w`j GZ¶Y Ajmfv‡e e‡m _vKv †kªvZv‡`i ü`‡q| Ggb K_v ïb‡eb Zuviv GLv‡b G‡m †hb ¯^‡cœI fv‡eb
wb| Ggb evZ©v Av‡Q GLbI †R‡M GB nZfvM¨ Avmv‡g †hb KíbvI K‡ib wb| Zuv‡`i Av‡eM, Zuv‡`i AvKzj AkÖ“ †kl
nq wb †mw`b mܨv‡ZB| GB †mw`b wkjP‡i GK K…wl AvwaKvwiK ej‡jb, IB Abyôvb Avgv‡`i gvbwmK `~iZ¡ A‡bKUvB
`~i K‡i w`‡q‡Q|

NUbv 5

G fv‡eB GKwU Mvb Rb¥ w`j GKwU bZzb †jLvi| GKwU bZzb fvebvi| cÖ‡qvRb Abyf~Z nj, eiv‡Ki fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K
Avmv‡gi mvgwMÖK ivRbxwZi Av‡jv‡K Avevi wd‡i †`Lvi| wkjP‡i DËi c~e© fviZ ivóª weÁvb m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡jvPbv
mfvq Gfv‡eB Dc¯’vwcZ nj GKwU wjwLZ cÖwZ‡e`b| Mv‡bi mv‡_ Rwo‡q Rb¥ †bIqv GB cÖwZ‡e`bwUI GK A‡_©
Ônvivab iOgb K_vÕB|
`xN© †MŠiPw›`ªKvi ci Gevi Dc¯’vcb Kiv P‡j nqZ †mB cÖwZ‡e`bwUi GKwU evsjv Abyev`|
fvlvi ivRbxwZ : ivRbxwZi fvlv

bv‡g wKev Av‡m hvq?

bvbv fvlv I bvbv RvwZ‡Mvôxi evmf~w g Avmvg wb‡q hZ iv‡R¨i hZ weåvwš—| ïay evB‡i bq, weåvwš— Avmvg iv‡R¨i †fZ‡iI|
†QvÆ GKUv iv‡R¨i g‡a¨ GZ fvlv I RvwZMZ ˆewPΨ †h GLvbKvi GK As‡ki gvbyl Ab¨ As‡ki MZ `yÕ‡kv eQ‡ii BwZnvm
wb‡qI bvbv weåvwš—‡Z †fv‡Mb| GLb weåvwš— Qwo‡q‡Q †Lv` iv‡R¨i bvg wb‡qI| mgm¨v, Avmvg‡K evsjv ev BsivwR‡Z Kx ejv
n‡e? Amg, Ang bv Avmvg| BsivwR‡Z bZzb evbv‡b Assam Gi e`‡j †KD wjL‡Qb Asom, Avevi †KD Axom|
Ggwb‡Z fve‡Z †M‡j G wb‡q RwUjZvi †Kvb AeKvk †bB| K¨vjKvUv hw` KjKvZv nq ev †ev‡¤^, gy¤B^ - Z‡e Avmvg Amg
n‡Z AvcwË †Kv_vq? Avmv‡gi fvlv ivRbxwZi Mfx‡i wM‡q welqwU bv †`L‡j Ggb g‡b nIqv A¯^vfvweK bq| e¯‘Z,
AvRKvj †KD †R‡b ey‡S, †KD ev AÁvbZvekZ ZwoNwo evsjvq ÔAmgÕ wjL‡Z ïi“ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| mgm¨v `yÕwU| cÖ_gZ,
msweavbMZ fv‡e GLbI Avmv‡gi bvg AvmvgB| †ev‡¤^ ev gv`ªv‡Ri gZ msweavb ms‡kvab K‡i gy¤^B ev †PbœvB nq wb|
Ab¨w`‡K, Amgxqv‡Z Avmvg‡K Amg †jLv n‡jI D”Pvi‡Y Zv Ang, Amg bq| evsjvq Amgxqv Abymvix evbvb wjL‡Z n‡j
Ang †jLv evÃbxq, Amg KL‡bvB bq| evsjvq ÔAmgÕ †h fv‡e D”PvwiZ nq, †m bv‡g †KvbI ivR¨ f~-fvi‡Z †bB| cÖkœ
DV‡Z cv‡i, hLb ¸qvnvwU †_‡K cÖKvwkZ BsivwR msev`cÎ ev miKvwi KvMRc‡Î ÔAvmvgÕ kã e¨envi GLbI AcwiewZ©Z
i‡q †M‡Q, ZLb KjKvZvi Avb›`evRvi ZwoNwo ÔAvmvgÕ we`vq w`‡q ÔAmgÕ wjL‡Z ïi“ Kij †Kb? G cÖ‡kœiI DËi m¤ú„Ë
n‡q Av‡Q Avmv‡gi fvlv ivRbxwZi mv‡_| ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, MZ kZ‡Ki Av‡Ui `k‡K Avmv‡gi †h Z_vKw_Z we‡`kx
weZvoY Av‡›`vjb mviv fviZ Kuvwc‡qwQj, Zvi ïi“qvr-B wQj Avb›`evRv‡ii MYeýy¨rme w`‡q| AvUvˇii Avmvg weavbmfv
wbe©vP‡b cÖ_gevi wmwcGg 11 wU Avmb mn evgcš’xiv me©‡gvU 25 wU Avmb †c‡j Avb›`evRv‡ii cvZvq wewkó mvsevw`K
ei“Y †mb¸ß gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, Avmv‡g wmwcG‡gi AMÖMwZ gv‡b evOvwj‡`i AvwacZ¨ we¯—vi| ZviciB Avmvg Ry‡o ˆZwi nj
DMÖ RvZxqZvev`x d¨vwm÷ Db¥v`bv, hvi j¶¨ fvwlK w`K †_‡K g~jZ e½fvlxiv Ges Zv‡`i †`vmi VvD‡i ivR‰bwZK fv‡e
Amgxqvfvlx evgcš’x Kg©xiv| Avb›`evRvi mn mg¯— evsjv msev`cÎ Ges evsjv Pjw”P‡Îi Dci †NvwlZ nj AwjwLZ
wb‡lavÁv| Zvici eªþcyÎ w`‡q e‡q †Mj A‡bK Rj| 1985 mv‡j †mB MYDb¥v`bvi bvqK cÖdj z − gnš— gyL¨gš¿x n‡q
KÕjKvZv md‡i G‡mB Avb›`evRvi cwÎKv `dZi cwi`k©‡b †M‡jb| ZviciB wKQyw`b ci Avb›`evRvi Zv‡`i mg¯—
cÖKvkbvq Avmvg‡K ÔAmgÕ wjL‡Z ïi“ Kij| evsjvq Avmvg‡K ÔAmgÕ †jLv ïi“ Avmv‡gi gvwU‡Z bq, Avb›` evRvi `߇i|
GLbI †KvbI evsjv Rvbv Amgxqv gvbyl‡K evsjvq K_v ejvi mgq Avmvg‡K ÔAmgÕ ej‡Z ïwb wb| †mw`b ÷vi Avb‡›`
msev` cvwVKv hLb Avmvg‡K evsjvq Amg ej‡Qb ZLb evsjvq mv¶vrKvi w`‡Z wM‡q AMc †bZv Ac~e© fÆvPvh© Avmvg‡K
AvmvgB e‡j †M‡jb AvMv‡Mvov|

†Mvovi K_v

hvB‡nvK, iv‡R¨i bvg wb‡q ˆZwi nIqv RwUjZvi g‡a¨ Ave× bv †_‡K e„nËi †cÖ¶vc‡U hvIqv hvK| mgm¨vUv Avmv‡gi
cwiPq wb‡qI| Avmvg wK eûRvwZ‡Mvôx Aay¨wlZ GKwU eûfvwlK ivR¨, bvwK Avmvg g~jZ GKwU GKfvlx ivR¨? Amgxqvfvlx
Qvov Ab¨ fvlv‡Mvôxi gvbyl ev AviI cwi®‹vifv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j evOvwjiv wK GLv‡b wbZvš—B ewnivMZ Ges d‡j DU‡Kv, bvwK
kZvwaK eQi cvkvcvwk evm Kivi d‡j GLvbKvi ¯’vbxq gvbyl‡`iB GKRb n‡q †M‡Qb? Avmv‡gi fvlv I RvwZ mgm¨v wb‡q
cwÊZ M‡elKiv G ch©š— †h cÖwZ‡e`b¸wj ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb, Zvi †ewkifvMB iv‡R¨i g~j mgm¨vi LwÊZ wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| eivK
DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb wb‡q eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi ZvwË¡Kiv cÖvq bxie| G †¶‡Î Wvb, evg me cš’vi M‡elKiv GKB †`v‡l
`yó| `w¶Ycš’x RvZxqZvev`x cwʇZiv †Zv eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K c„_KZ¡ev`x cÖeYZv wnmv‡eB †`‡L‡Qb| Zv‡`i
Kv‡Q, GKlwÆ, evnvËi, wQqvwki fvlv Av‡›`vjb Avmv‡gi g~j‡mªvZ †_‡K wew”Qbœ _vKvi cÖeYZvi cÖKvk Qvov wKQy bq|
Ab¨w`‡K, eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi evgcš’x eyw×Rxex Ges ivR‰bwZK Kg©xiv, hviv msK‡Ui w`‡b fvwlK msL¨vjNy‡`i cv‡k `uvwo‡q
wbM„nxZ n‡q‡Qb bvbv mg‡q, ZvivI eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb ev Avmv‡gi ivRbxwZ‡Z GB Av‡›`vj‡bi Zvrch© wb‡q
AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †Zgb AvMÖnx bb| Zv‡`i mK‡jiB GKUv Gwo‡q hvIqvi g‡bvfve| fvlv Av‡›`vjb wb‡q hZUzKz PP©v n‡q‡Q,
Zvi wmsnfvMB eivK DcZ¨Kvq| Zv Qvov GK ai‡Yi msKxY©Zvi cÖfve i‡q‡Q GLvbKvi M‡elYv‡ZI| Dwb‡ki i³`vb‡K
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DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K †`Lv n‡q‡Q ïaygvÎ evOvwj‡Z¡i ¶z`ª MwÊi g‡a¨| GB Av‡›`vjb e½fvlx gvby‡li cÖavb AskMÖnY
I †bZ…‡Z¡ M‡o DV‡jI Gi Zvrch© wQj A‡bK Mfxi I we¯Z…Z| ïaygvÎ evOvwj‡Z¡i MwʇZ G‡K †`L‡j HwZnvwmK fyj
n‡e| cÖK…Zc‡¶, eûfvwlK Avmv‡gi ¯^vaxbZv DËi ivRbxwZi cÖavb Ø›ØwUB GLv‡b cÖ”Qbœ n‡q Av‡Q| GKw`‡K Avmv‡gi
kvmK‡kªw Y †P‡q‡Q iv‡R¨i eûfvwlK Pwi·K A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z, Avi Ab¨w`‡K eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb mn iv‡R¨i
wewfbœ cÖv‡š—i †QvU †QvU RvwZ‡Mvôx¸wji msMÖvg¸wj †P‡q‡Q Avmv‡gi eûfvwlK, AmsL¨ †QvU eo RvwZ‡MvôxMZ cwiPq‡K
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Ave‡Z©| 1960 mv‡j miKvwi fvlv AvB‡bi gva¨‡g Avmv‡gi miKvwi fvlv wnmv‡e hLb GKgvÎ Amgxqv fvlv‡KB Pvwc‡q
†`evi cÖ‡Póv nw”Qj, ZLb cÖw Zev` aŸwYZ n‡qwQj mg¯— Abmgxqv fvlv‡Mvôx¸wji Zid †_‡K| GB cÖwZev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi
†K‡›`ª Aek¨B wQ‡jb eivK DcZ¨Kvi e½fvlx mgvR, Z‡e wefvRb wQj Amgxqv I Abmgxqvi, ïay evOvwj Amgxqvi bq| 19
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nvRvi Lvwm m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvbyl †gŠb wgwQ‡j kvwgj n‡qwQ‡jb| Gi Av‡M c‡i wewfbœ Abmgxqv †Mvôxi gvbyl Avmv‡gi miKvwi
fvlv AvBb m¤ú‡K© ivR¨ miKv‡ii DMÖ RvZxqZvev`x g‡bvfv‡ei wei“‡× Ae¯’vb MÖnY Ki‡jI HwZnvwmK bvbv Kvi‡Y GB
Av‡›`vjb cieZ©x‡Z eivK DcZ¨Kvi msMÖvg wnmv‡eB mxgve× n‡q _vKj| Avmv‡gi kvmK †kªw YI †P‡qwQj †MvUv welqwU‡K
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fvlv‡Mvôxi gvbyl‡K GB msMÖvg †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z| Ab¨w`‡K `~i`wk©Zvi Afv‡e eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjbI
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Dbwesk kZ‡K weªw Uk kvmbvaxb Avmvg‡K hy³ Kiv nq e½‡`‡ki mv‡_| GKB cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vi Aaxb _vKvq e½‡`‡k
miKvwi Kv‡R evsjv fvlv Pvjy n‡j Avmv‡gI Zv Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| 1834 mvj †_‡K evsjv fvlv‡K Avmv‡gi wk¶vi gva¨g
wnmv‡e Pvjy Kiv nq| mviv ivR¨ Ry‡o M‡o DVj AmsL¨ evsjv gva¨g we`¨vjq| Jcwb‡ewkK cÖkvm‡b KiwYK BZ¨vw`
PvKwi‡Z †hvM w`‡Z evsjv‡`k †_‡K `‡j `‡j BsivwR wkw¶Z evOvwjiv G‡m nvwRi n‡jb Avmv‡gi bvbvcÖv‡š—| AvZ¼ Qwo‡q
coj m`¨RvZ Amgxqv ga¨weË †kªw Yi g‡b| GKw`‡K miKvwi KvR I wk¶vi gva¨g wnmv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q evsjv, Ab¨w`‡K
KiwY‡Ki PvKwi‡Z nvRvi nvRvi e½fvlx gvby‡li wb‡qvM, Zviv fve‡jb GB e½xKi‡Yi ga¨w`‡q nvwi‡q hv‡e Zv‡`i gvZ…fvlv
Amgxqv I Zv‡`i wbR¯^ K…w ó ms¯‹…w Z| Zxeª cÖwZev‡`i gy‡L 1874 mv‡j evsjv fvlv cÖZ¨vüZ nj| wKš‘ AvZ¼ i‡qB †Mj|
wb‡R‡`i fvlv ms¯‹…wZ MÖvm n‡q hvIqvi fq †_‡KB Rb¥ wbj ga¨weË mgv‡R evOvwj we‡Øl| Av‡iv ¯úó fv‡e ej‡j, GB
evOvwj we‡Øl jvjb Kivi ga¨ w`‡qB Avmv‡g Amgxqv ga¨weË †kªwY AvZ¥cÖKvk Kij| Jcwb‡ewkK cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ mvaviY
Amgxqv mgv‡Ri †hvMv‡hvM NUZ e½fvlx †KivbxKz‡ji gva¨‡gB| d‡j Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi cÖwZ ¯’vbxq gvby‡li wKQy Ask
PvwjZ nZ evOvwj‡`i cÖwZI| G QvovI evsjv †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i Avmvg‡K c„_K ivR¨ wnmv‡e MVb Kiv n‡j Avmv‡gi ivR¯^
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cvj K‡i| ivR¯^ NvUwZ †gUv‡Z e½‡`‡ki `yÕwU ivR¯^ DØ„Ë AÂj, wm‡jU †Rjv I iscyi †Rjvi †Mvqvjcvov gnKzgv‡K
Avmv‡gi mv‡_ Ry‡o †`Iqv nq| Avmv‡gi ¯’vbxq gvbyl RjvRwg‡Z Pvl Ki‡Z Rvb‡Zb bv, Avi Ab¨w`‡K c~e© evsjvq Rwgi
¶zavq `ywf©¶cxwoZ K…lK mgvR Aw¯’i n‡q Av‡Q| iv‡R¨i Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b bZzb †Rvqvi Avbvi Rb¨ weªw Uk cÖkvmb c~e© evsjv
†_‡K f~wgnxb K…lK‡`i G‡b emwZ w`j Avmv‡g| Avmv‡gi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi cv‡j bZzb evZvm jvMvi Avkvq cÖ_g Ae¯’vq
Amgxqv ga¨weË mgv‡Ri cy‡ivaviv weªwUk cÖkvm‡bi GB wm×vš—‡K ¯^vMZB Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Avmv‡gi Lv`¨ Drcv`b †e‡o †Mj
`ª“Z MwZ‡Z| k~Y¨ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i 1919-20 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Avmv‡gi 1,06,000 GKi Rwg cvUPv‡li AvIZvq P‡j Gj| wKš‘
Gi Abyl‡½ c~e©e½ †_‡K Avmv f~wgnxb K…l‡Ki RbmsL¨vI evo‡Z jvMj cvj−v w`‡q| 1904-11 mgqmxgvq c~ee© ½xq K…l‡Ki
msL¨v wQj 54,000| 1921-31 mgqmxgvq Zv `uvovj 5,75,000 G| A_©‰bwZK m”QjZvi Avb›` gy‡Q †M‡j Amgxqv
ga¨‡kªw Yi gb †_‡K, MÖvm Kij wbR‡`‡k cievmx nevi AvZ¼| cÖkvm‡b evOvwj‡`i AvwacZ¨ Le© Kiv, c~ee© ½ †_‡K K…lK‡`i
Rb‡mªvZ‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi †Rviv‡jv `vwe DVj| Amgxqv ga¨weË †kªw Yi bvbv msMVb `vwe Zzjj bvbv ai‡bi - me¸wjiB
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ evOvwj‡`i cÖfve wbqš¿Y Kivi ga¨ w`‡q Amgxqv fvlv, ms¯‹w… Z i¶v Kiv| 1920 mv‡j Pvjy nj ÔKzL¨vZ jvBb
cÖ_vÕ| Avmv‡gi g~jf~w g‡Z ewnivMZ evOvwj K…lK‡`i eva¨ Kiv nj Pi GjvKvi emwZ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z| Pi GjvKvi evB‡i
Zv‡`i emwZ ¯’vcb wbwl× nj| hv‡`i nvofvOv kª‡g Avmv‡gi eܨv gvwUi eyK wP‡i †mvbvi dmj djj, Zv‡`i †V‡j †`Iqv
nj b`xi P‡i| b`xP‡ii fvOv-Movi gZB AwbwðZ n‡q coj j¶ j¶ gvby‡li Rxeb| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m eY©we‡Ølx kvm‡b
`w¶Y Avwd«Kvi e−¨vK UvDbwk‡ci †N‡Uv Qvov Ggb `„óvš— Avi †Kv_vI †bB| `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi mv‡_ Avmv‡gi cv_©K¨ GUvB -
`w¶Y Avwd«Kvi †N‡Uv Avš—R©vwZK fv‡eB eY©we‡Øl bv‡g wbw›`Z I N„wYZ| Avmv‡gi jvBb cÖ_v‡K GLbI eû cÖMwZkx‡jiv
AwfwnZ K‡ib Amgxqv fvlv ms¯‹…wZ i¶vi BwZevPK c`‡¶c wnmv‡e| Avmv‡gi cÖvZt¯§iYxq e¨w³Z¡ Aw¤^KvwMwi ivq
†PŠayixI wQ‡jb GB KzL¨vZ jvBb cÖ_vi DMÖ mg_©K| ¯^vaxbZvi mgq MY‡fv‡Ui ga¨w`‡q Avmv‡gi ivR¯^ mg„× †Rjv wm‡jU
c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b P‡j †M‡j ¯^w¯—i wbtk¦vm †d‡jb Amgxqv RvZxqZvev`x †bZviv| GB NUbvq Zviv weR‡qi Abyfw~ Z cvb|

mvs¯‹…wZK mgY^q bv Avwac‡Z¨i †Mvcb Kg©m~w P ?

1947 Gi ¯^vaxbZv mviv †`‡k mvaviY gvby‡li g‡b weªwU‡ki AaxbZv †_‡K gyw³i ¯^v` G‡b w`‡jI Avmv‡gi Amgxqv ga¨weË
†kªwYi ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i Kv‡Q Zv G‡b w`‡qwQj e½fvlx‡`i cÖfve †_‡K gyw³i Avb›`| cÎ cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq wbeÜ,
RvZxq ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i fvlY, Ggb wK Avmvg weavbmfvq ivR¨cv‡ji fvlY - mewKQy‡ZB weªwU‡ki AaxbZv †_‡K gyw³i
†P‡q evOvwj‡`i mvs¯‹…w ZK I ivR‰bwZK cÖfve †_‡K gy³ nIqvi Avb›`|
1947 Gi 20 RyjvB Avmv‡gi cÖavb msev`cÎ Ô`¨ Avmvg wUªweDbÕ wjLj -
Ò wPiRvMÖZ _vKvi g~‡j¨B gyw³i ¯^v` cvIqv hvq| mvs¯‹w… ZK, b„ZvwË¡K Ges fvwlK - mg¯— wePv‡i Avmv‡gi cÖ‡Z¨K Abmgxqv
gvbyl we‡`wk| ...... 1826 mv‡j weªwUk AwaMÖn‡Yi ci hviv e¨emvwqK ev Ab¨Kv‡R Avmv‡g G‡m‡Q, Zviv mK‡jB ewnivMZ|
GB ewnivMZiv AvMvgx w`‡bi ¯^vaxb Avmv‡g †KvbI e¯‘wbô f~w gKv cvjb Ki‡e Ggb Avkv Kivi †KvbI KviY †bB|Ó
cÖvq GKB mg‡q Avmv‡gi gyL¨gš¿x †Mvcxbv_ ei`‰j GK Rbmgv‡e‡k e‡jb - wbtm‡›`‡n Avmvg Amgxqvfvlx‡`i ivR¨|
1947 mv‡ji 5 b‡f¤^i Avmvg weavbmfvi Awa‡ek‡b ivR¨cvj m¨vi AvKei nvq`ix e‡jb-
Ò Avmv‡gi ¯’vbxq gvbylivB GLb wb‡R‡`i iv‡R¨i cÖf|y .... GLb Zviv Amgxqv fvlv I ms¯‹w… Zi weKvk I cÖmvi mn Zv‡`i
mZx_© UªvB‡ej RbM‡Yi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi weKv‡ki Rb¨ c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| evOvwjiv PvB‡jI GLb Avi Avmv‡gi
cvnvo I mgZ‡ji gvby‡li Ici wKQy Pvcv‡Z cvi‡e bv, KviY GLb Zviv ¶gZvnxb| evOvwj‡`i m¤ú‡K© Ggb aviYvi wfwË
†h fq, †mB f‡qi GLb Avi †KvbI KviY †bB| hZ¶Y bv GB ewnivMZiv Avgv‡`i cÖwZ ek¨Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Q ZZ¶Y Gu‡`i
wei“‡× mg¯— kw³ wb‡q `uvov‡Z, Avwg Avcbv‡`i cÖwZ Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q|Ó wewiw Kzgvi ei“qvi gZ e¨w³Z¡I gZ w`‡jb,
ÒAvmv‡gi mg¯— Abmgxqv gvbyl‡K we‡`wk we‡ePbv Kiv †nvK| Zuvi g‡Z, wb‡R‡`i gvZ…fvlv I ms¯‹w… Z cwiZ¨vM K‡i
Abmgxqviv hw` GKgvÎ Amgxqv fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ‡K MÖnY K‡ib, Z‡eB Zviv Avmv‡g emevm Kivi AwaKvi †c‡Z cv‡ib|Ó GB
Z_vKw_Z we‡`wk‡`i AmgxqvKiYB n‡q `uvovj Gi cieZ©x `kK¸wji Avmv‡gi kvmK‡kªwYi mvs¯‹w… ZK ivRbxwZi cÖavb
bxwZ| Gi m~Î a‡iB Avmv‡gi Rbweb¨vm wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_© cwiewZ©Z Kivi Rb¨ Av`g ïgvwi‡Z ivR‰bwZK n¯—‡¶c n‡q `uvovj
Avmv‡gi kvmK‡kªwYi cÖavb iY‡KŠkj| Avmv‡gi RbmsL¨vi fvwlK web¨v‡m ivZvivwZ N‡U †Mj cÖvq ÔA‡jŠwKKÕ cwieZ©b|
ÔA‡jŠwKKÕ kãwU e¨eüZ nj, KviY mgvR weÁvbxiv G‡K Ô‡W‡gvMÖvwdK wgivKjÕ-B e‡j‡Qb| 1931 Gi Av`g ïgvwi‡Z
Avmv‡g Amgxqvfvlxi AbycvZ †hLv‡b wQj 31.4%, gvÎ Kzwo eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b 1951 mv‡j Zv †e‡o `uvovj 56.7% G|
c~e©e½vMZ evOvwj gymjgvb K…lKiv hviv Avmvg‡K km¨ k¨vgjv K‡i‡Q, Zviv ivZvivwZ wb‡R‡`i gvZ…fvlv evsjv Z¨vM K‡i
wb‡R‡`i Amgxqvfvlx wnmv‡e cwiPq w`‡Z eva¨ nj| ejv evûj¨, GwU †KvbI HwZnvwmK cÖw µqvq NUv mvs¯‹w… ZK mgY^‡qi
¯^vfvweK `„óvš— bq| weï× ivR‰bwZK loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g GKwU msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi fvlv, ms¯‹w„ Zi AwaKvi niY K‡i †bIqvi
RNb¨Zg D`vniY| GB `wi`ª evOvwj gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨vjNyZ¡ wb‡q Ggbfv‡e lohš¿ mvRv‡bv n‡qwQj †h, ZLb Gi
Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©b Kiv Qvov †KvbI MZ¨š—i wQj bv| fvwlK AvMÖvm‡bi GB Af~Zc~e© bwRi‡KB Avmv‡gi Amgxqv kvmK‡kªwY
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q Ômvs¯‹…wZK mgY^qÕ wnmv‡e| Avmvgevmx Ab¨vb¨ Abmgxqv mgvR‡KI Zviv AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Q GB c‡_ nuvU‡Z|
Avð‡h©i welq, mviv c„w_ex‡Z Ômvs¯‹…wZK mgY^qÕ ej‡j wØgyLx mvs¯‹w… ZK cÖevn †evSv‡jI Avmv‡gi †¶‡Î GB k‡ãi A_©
m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| GLv‡b mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb‡KB e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q Avm‡Q Ômvs¯‹w… ZK mgY^qÕ wnmv‡e| GLv‡b ÔmgY^qÕ GKwU GKgyLx
AvMÖvmx cÖevn|

Dwb‡ki ivRbxwZ

Gevi wd‡i Avmv hvK †Mvovi K_vq| fvlv ivRbxwZi GB HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vc‡U eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K g~j¨vqY
Kiv n‡e †Kvb& wbwi‡L? evsjv‡`‡k †h fv‡e ÔGKz‡ki †PZbvÕ K_vwU e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ, GKBfv‡e mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q eivK
DcZ¨Kvq ÔDwb‡ki †PZbvÕ kãwU‡KI bvbv Av‡jvPbvq D”PvwiZ n‡Z †kvbv hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î ÔGKz‡ki †PZbvÕ GKwU
my¯úó gZv`k©MZ Ae¯’vb †evSv‡jI ÔDwb‡ki †PZbvÕ kãwU‡K GLbI Avmv‡gi fvlv ivRbxwZi mvgwMÖKZvi Av‡jv‡K
msÁvwqZ Kiv nq wb| cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vjb evOvwj GKwU e„nr Ask‡K ag©wfwËK RvZxqZvi åvš— cvV w`‡qwQj, hvi Db¥v`bvq
†f‡m wM‡q cvwK¯—vb m„wó nq evsjv‡K wef³ K‡i| c‡i cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlvi cÖ‡kœ Av‡›`vj‡bi Zi½‡mªv‡Z †gvngy³ nq
Icv‡ii evOvwj gymjgvb| GKz‡ki i³`v‡bi cy‡Y¨ cybtcÖwZwôZ nq a‡g©i AÄbgy³ Amv¤cÖ`vwqK evOvwj‡Z¡i †PZbv|
fvlvwfwËK GB Amv¤cÖ`vwqK evOvwj‡Z¡i †PZbvB ÔGKz‡ki †PZbvÕ wn‡m‡e Aa©k Z‡KiI †ewk mgq a‡i c~e© evsjvq mg¯—
mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK msMÖv‡gi g~j PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e| Ab¨w`‡K, ÔDwb‡ki †PZbvÕ†K GLbI Avmv‡gi fvlv ivRbxwZi
BwZnv‡mi Av‡jvq msÁvwqZ Kiv nq wb| `vqmvivfv‡e D”PvwiZ nIqv GB kãwUB †h fvlvi ivRbxwZi Ave‡Z© RR©wiZ
Avmv‡g fvwlK H‡K¨i bZzb c_ †`Lv‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© fvevi mgq G‡m‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB eûfvwlK Avmv‡g kvmK
†kªwY Q‡j e‡j cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q Avmvg‡K GKfvlx wn‡m‡e GKxKiY Kivi| Gi Dˇi lvU, mËi ev Avwki `k‡Ki eivK
DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j AwfgyLB wQj Avmv‡gi eûfvwlK mËv‡K Zz‡j aivi| d‡jB ÔDwb‡ki †PZbvÕ K_vwU‡K
eû‡Z¡i †PZbv wn‡m‡eB msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z n‡e| ÔDwb‡ki †PZbvÕ-i A_© nIqv DwPZ GKwU eûfvwlK mvgvwRK cwim‡ii kwiK
mg¯— fvlv‡Mvôxi wb‡Ri fvlv PP©vi †PZbv|
bZzb Avi‡¤¢i K_v

1960-61-i eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvi fvlv `v½v I eivK DcZ¨Kvi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ci Avmv‡gi fvlv mgm¨vi mvgwqK mgvavb
G‡mwQj †h m~Î a‡i, Zvi d‡j eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvq Amgxqv, eivK DcZ¨Kvq evsjv I DËi KvQvo I Kvwe© Avsj‡O Bs‡iwR
fvlv‡K miKvwi fvlv wnmv‡e MÖnY Kivi ga¨ w`‡q| GKlwÆi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b mviv iv‡R¨i †¶‡ÎB Amgxqvi cvkvcvwk
evsjv‡K ivR¨fvlv wnmv‡e ¯^xK…w Z †`Iqvi `vwe _vK‡jI †m `vwe †_‡K m‡i Av‡m KvQv‡oi msMÖvg cwil‡`i †bZ…e›„ `|
iv‡R¨i wZbwU mywbw`©ó †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡j wZbwU miKvwi fvlvi m~Î †m mg‡qi Akvš— Avmv‡g Zvr¶wYK kvwš— Avb‡jI
Avmv‡gi fvlv mgm¨vi †KvbI ¯’vqx mgvavb m~Î wnmv‡e mg¯— As‡ki gvby‡li Øviv M„nxZ nq wb| Gici eªþcyÎ eivK w`‡q
hZ Rj Mwo‡q‡Q, ZZB RwUj n‡q‡Q Avmv‡gi fvlv I RvwZMZ mgm¨v| Gi KviY cÖavbZ `yÕwU| cÖ_gZ, jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿xi
ga¨¯’Zvq Avmv‡gi fvlv mgm¨vi †h mgvavb m~Î M„nxZ nq, Zv evievi j•Nb K‡i‡Q ivR¨ miKvi| cÖKZ … c‡¶, Avmv‡gi
eûfvwlK Pwi·K †g‡b wb‡Z GLbI Avmv‡gi kvmK †kªwY ev Amgxqv ga¨weË †kªw Yi h‡_ó Abxnv i‡q‡Q| KLbI cÖKv‡k¨,
KLbI Avov‡j GLbI Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q Avmvg‡K Q‡j e‡j GKfvlx Kiv cÖ‡Póv| wØZxqZ, iv‡R¨i wZbwU As‡ki wZbwU
miKvwi fvlvi weavb, fvlv mgm¨vi Mfx‡i _vKv eûgvwÎK mgm¨vejxi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| †MvUv eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvq
Amgxqv‡K GKgvÎ miKvwi fvlv Kivq †mLvbKvi e½fvlx mn Ab¨vb¨ msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi fvlvi AwaKvi †h fv‡e A¯^xK…Z
n‡q‡Q, GKB fv‡e eivK DcZ¨Kvq evsjv‡KB GKgvÎ miKvwi fvlv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi d‡j A¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q GLvbKviI bvbv
msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi fvlvi AwaKvi| eªþcyÎ DcZ¨Kvq †ev‡ov fvlv‡Mvôxi gvbyl Aek¨ msMÖvg K‡i Zv‡`i fvlvi AwaKvi
AR©b K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| GLb Pj‡Q Zv‡`i AvÂwjK ¯^vqZ¡ kvm‡bi jovB| hvB‡nvK, Avmv‡gi gZ fvlv ˆewP‡Îi iv‡R¨ Kx n‡Z
cv‡i mgvavb m~Î? cÖm½Z D‡j−L¨, 1956 mv‡ji 19 †m‡Þ¤^i †K›`ªxq ¯^ivóª gš¿K msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi fvlvi AwaKv‡ii cÖkœ
wb‡q GKwU ¯§viKcÎ ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡Z ejv n‡qwQj, †Kv‡bv iv‡R¨i †Kv‡bv †cŠi GjvKvq ev MÖvgv‡ji †¶‡Î Znkxj
GjvKvq hw` †Kv‡bv msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi RbmsL¨v 15 ev 20 kZvsk nq, Z‡e ivR¨ miKv‡ii KZ©e¨ †mB A‡j IB mg¯—
msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi fvlvq miKvwi weÁwß, wbqgKvbyb BZ¨vw` Abyev` K‡i weZiY Kiv| msL¨vjNy Kwgk‡bi GB mycvwik
ïay †K›`ªxq miKvi Aby‡gv`bB K‡i wb, 1961 mv‡ji gyL¨gš¿x m‡¤§j‡b Zv me©m¤§wZ‡Z M„nxZ n‡qwQj| ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i, 61 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgvw߇Z †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mv‡_ KvQvo †Rjv msMÖvg cwil‡`i †h Avcmidv n‡qwQj, Zvi
4 bs m~‡Î ejv nq,Òiv‡R¨i fvlvMZ msL¨vjNyiv 1956 mv‡ji ¯^ivóªgš¿‡Ki ¯§viKwjwc‡Z †h i¶vKeP¸wji K_v n‡q‡Q, †m
¸‡jvi AwaKvix n‡eb|Ó 1961 mv‡ji 6 Ryb Avmv‡gi ZrKvjxb gyL¨gš¿x wegjv cÖmv` PvwjnvI wee„wZ w`‡q Rvbvb †h ivR¨
miKvi †K›`ªxq ¯^ivóª gš¿‡Ki IB ¯§viKcÎ †g‡b wb‡q‡Q| 1961 mv‡ji gyL¨gš¿x m‡¤§j‡b cÖ‡Z¨KwU iv‡R¨ Abyev` cl©`
(Translation Board) MV‡biI wm×vš— nq, hv‡Z mg¯— msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi gvbyl miKvwi KvMRcÎ wb‡Ri fvlvq †c‡Z
cv‡ib| GB m~Î mg¯— iv‡R¨i msL¨vjNy fvlv‡Mvôxi AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ h‡_ó BwZevPK Bw½Z ivL‡jI Gi g‡a¨ msL¨vjNy
fvlv‡Mvôxi gvby‡li wb‡Ri fvlvq wk¶vjv‡fi cÖkwœ U wb‡q †Kv‡bv ¯úó D‡j−L †bB| hvB‡nvK cÖwZkÖ“wZ hvB wQj meB ejv
evûj¨ cieZ©x‡Z wngN‡i †M‡Q| G w`‡K Avmv‡g Avevi bZzb K‡i ïi“ n‡q‡Q fvwlK AvMÖvm‡bi Kg©mw~ P| Gevi Zv‡Z
†RvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wn›`y‡Z¡i wg‡kj| cwiw¯’wZ fq¼i n‡q IVvi Av‡MB Dwb‡ki †PZbvi Av‡jv‡K LuR y ‡Z n‡e bZzb c_| mg¯—
fvlv †Mvôxi ïfeyw ×m¤úbœ gvby‡li g‡a¨ GKwU wØivjv‡ci ga¨w`‡qB ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i AvMvgxi c_|