c tnh mt s loi nha c s dng lm bao b thc phm

I. C TNH CC LOI NHA DNG LM BAO B THC PHM : Nguyn liu sn xut nha l ngun hydrocarbon t du ha, c tch trong qu trnh lc du. Vi tr lng du ha t qung m rt ln nn ngun hydrocarbon cng v cng phong ph, gi thnh thp. Do cng ngh ch to bao b nha pht trin a dng, phong ph v chng lai, t tnh nng cao trong cha ng, bo qun cc loi thc phm. Loi bao b ny c c dim thng l khng mi, khng v, cng vng cao, chng va chm c hc hiu qu, chng thm kh hi do m bo c p lc cao trong mi trng cha thc phm, c loi bao b trong sut c th nhn thy r sn phm bn trong, c th chu c nhit cao trn 100o C hoc nhit lnh thp hn 0o C. Cc loi bao b nha c th phun mc trn b mt k hiu sn phm d dng. Ngoi ra, tnh cht ni bt hn c l bao b nha nh hn tt c cc loi vt liu bao b khc, rt thun tin trong phn phi, chuyn ch. Loi nha dng lm bao b thc phm thuc loi nha nhit do, nhit cng cao th cng tr nn mm do, khi nhit c h xung th vn tr li c tnh ban u. Hin nay trn th trng ang s dng cc lai bao b nha ph bin nh : PE, PP, PVC, PC, PET. * PE(Polyethylene): c tnh: - Trong sut, hi c nh m, c b mt bng lng, mm do. - Chng thm hc v hi nc tt. - Chng thm kh O2, CO2, N2 v du m u km. - Chu c nhit cao (di 230o C) trong thi gian ngn. - B cng phng v h hng khi tip xc vi tinh du thm hoc cc cht ty nh Alcool, Acton, H2O2 - C th cho kh, hng thm thu xuyn qua, do PE cng c th hp thu gi mi trong bn thn bao b, v cng chnh mi ny c th c hp thu bi thc phm c cha ng, gy mt gi tr cm quan ca sn phm.

Cng dng: - Lm ti xch cc loi, thng (can) c th tch t 1 n 20 lt vi cc dy khc nhau. - Sn xut np chai. Do np chai b hp thu mi nn chai ng thc phm y bng np PE phi c bo qun trong mt mi trng khng c cht gy mi.

* PP(Polypropylen): c tnh : - Tnh bn c hc cao (bn x v bn ko t), kh cng vng, khng mm do nh PE, khng b ko gin di do c ch to thnh si. c bit kh nng b x rch d dng khi c mt vt ct hoc mt vt thng nh. - Trong sut, bng b mt cao cho kh nng in n cao, nt in r. - Chu c nhit cao hn 100o C. tuy nhin nhit hn dn m (thn) bao b PP (140oC) - cao so vi PE - c th gy chy h hng mng ghp cu trc bn ngoi, nn thng t dng PP lm lp trong cng. - C tnh cht chng thm O2, hi nc, du m v cc kh khc. Cng dng: - Dng lm bao b mt lp cha ng bo qun thc phm , khng yu cu chng oxy ha mt cch nghim nht. - To thnh si, dt thnh bao b ng lng thc, ng cc c s lng ln. - PP cng c sn xut dng mng ph ngoi i vi mng nhiu lp tng tnh chng thm kh, hi nc, to kh nng in n cao, v d x rch m bao b (do c to sn mt vt t) v to bng cao cho bao b.

* PVC(Polyvinylchloride): - Sn phm PVC trc y (1920 tr i) c s dng vi s lng rt ln, nhng ngy nay b PE vt qua. Hin nay, PVC phn ln dng bao bc dy cp in, lm ng thot nc, o ma, mng nha gia dng

- Trong PVC c cht vinylchoride, thng c gi l VCM c kh nng gy ung th (pht hin 1970) c tnh: Bao b PVC c nhng khuyt im nh sau : - T trong : 1,4g/cm2 cao hn PE v PP nn phi tn mt lng ln PVC c c mt din tch mng cng dy so vi PE v PP. - Chng thm hi, nc km hn cc loi PE, PP. - C tnh dn,khng mm do nh PE hoc PP. ch to PVC mm do dng lm bao b th phi dng thm cht ph gia. - Loi PVC c do ha bi ph gia s b bin tnh cng dn sau mt khong thi gian. - Mc d khng ch c d lng VCM thp hn 1ppm l mc an ton cho php, nhng Chu u, PVC vn khng c dng lm bao b thc phm d gi thnh r hn bao b nha khc. Cng dng: - S dng lm nhn mng co cc loi chai, bnh bng nha hoc mng co bao bc cc loi thc phm bo qun , lu hnh trong thi gian ngn nh tht sng, rau qu ti. - Ngoi ra, PVC c s dng lm nhiu vt gia dng cng nh cc lai sn phm thuc cc ngnh khc.

* PC(Polycarbonat): c tnh: - Tnh chng thm kh, hi cao hon cc loi PE, PVC nhng thp hn PP, PET. - Trong sut, tnh bn c v cng vng rt cao, kh nng chng mi mn v khng b tc ng bi cc thnh phn ca thc phm. - Chu nhit cao (trn 100oC ).

Cng dng: - Vi kh nng chu c nhit cao nn PC c dng lm bnh, chai, np cha thc phm cn tit trng. - Mng PC c tnh chng thm kh, hi km, gi thnh PC cao gp ba ln PP, PET, PP nn t c s dng.

* PET(Polyethylene terephthalate): PET l mt loi bao b thc phm quan trng c th to mng hoc to dng chai l do bi cc tnh cht : - Bn c hc cao, c kh nng chu ng lc x v lc va chm, chu ng s mi mn cao, c cng vng cao. - Tr vi mi trng thc phm. - Trong sut. - Chng thm kh O2, v CO2 tt hn cc loi nha khc. - Khi c gia nhit n 200oC hoc lm lnh 90oC,cu trc ha hc ca mch PET vn c gi nguyn, tnh chng thm kh hi vn khng thay i khi nhit khong 100oC. Cng dng: Do tnh chng thm rt cao nn PET c dng lm chai, bnh ng nc tinh khit, nc gii kht c gas.

II. CHT LNG BAO B THC PHM: Bao b nha ng thc phm ni chung khng c ti s dng, v nu ch to bng vt liu ti sinh th c th b nhim c, do vic s dng cc lai ph gia to s mm do, n nh nhit chy mm ca nha d dng ch to. Bao b c sn xut t loi nha tinh khit th lun lun c ghi tn loi nha di y bao b (theo quy nh Quc t trong lnh vc nha) vi k hiu nh sau : Nhng loi bao b ti ch th khng c ghi g c phn bit lai thu hi ti ch v loi tinh khit. Hin nay, theo tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6096 :2004 ca Nc ung ng chai quy nh chai nha PET, PC tinh khit l loi chai chuyn dng ng gi bao b thc phm.

Xun Lan T Ho P. K thut Sn xut Sapuwa

Ti liu tham kho : K thut bao b thc phm, Nh Xut bn i hc Quc Gia TP. HCM (2005)