Angiosperm

Seed plants. Produce reproductive structures called flowers and fruits. Angiosperms are also known as flowering plants.

Angiosperms are classified in a single phylum called Anthophyta.

The structure of flower

Petal

Anther

Filament

Receptacl e Stigma Style Ovule

Functions
Structure
Sepals Petals Stamens

Features and functions

Usually green and enclosed the flowers before it opens. Brightly colours and aids in attracting pollinators. Microsprophylls, floral organs that produce spores that give rise to pollen grains containing male gametophytes.

Filament Anther Carpels

Holding the terminal sac, anther. Produce pollen grains. Megasporophylls, make megaspores and their products, female gametophytes.

Stigma Style Ovary

Sticky and receives pollens. Pathway to ovary. Contains ovules. If fertilisation occurs, an ovule develops into seeds.

Receptacles

Attached some parts of flowers to a part of the stem.

Fruits

A fruit develop after pollnation and triggers the hormonal changes to grow.

The wall of ovary becomes the pericarp.

Mature fruits can be either fleshy or dry.

Various fruit adaptation helps disperse seeds. For example, cocounut are dispersed their seeds by water.

Walnut have dry fruit that remain closed when it is mature.

Grapefruit has softer fruit inside and harder outside.

Tomato has soft and fleshy fruit inside and outside.

Nectarine, example of fruit that has fleshy fruit outside and hard inner layer inside.

Angiosperm diversity..

Monocots one cotyledon

Dicots two cotyledons

*Cotyledons is the seed leaves in the embryo of angiosperm.

Monocot Characteristics One Cotyledon Embryo

Dicots Characteristics Two Cotyledons

Veins usually parallel

Leaf Venation

Veins usually netlike

Vascular tissues
Differences Monocot and dicots :

Stems

Vascular tissue usually

arranged in ring

scattered Fibrous Roots

Taproot

Pollen grain with no opening Floral usually in multiple of three Orchid

Pollen

Pollen grain with three openings

Flowers

Floral usually in multiple of four or five

Example

Dog Rose

Links between Angiosperms and Animals.

Animals have an important role for helps plants to disperse their pollens and seeds.

Animals gets some benefits during the dispersing of the pollens and seeds. For example, the can sucks the nectar and ate the fruits.

Examples of Angiosperm..