Professional Documents
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Boilers
Boilers
Package Boiler
Class 2 Boilers
Safety Valves
Vacuum Breaker
Gauge Glass
Manhole
Scum Valve
Inspection Door
Heating Coil
Sample Cock
Blowdown Valve
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Fittings
The minimum fittings required are: Safety valves. Water Level indicators. Low water alarm and shut down. Main Stop valve Feed Cheek valves Pressure Gauge Salinometer Valve Blow Down Valve Manhole
Class 2 Boilers
HSE Rules
9 Water level controls and the first low water alarm which also extinguishes the burner may be housed in the same external chamber or internal protection tube. Additionally a separate chamber or internal protection tube with an independent electrical control circuit is required for an overriding second low water alarm and fuel cut out; this should be a lock-out type requiring manual reset (para 17(c)).
Class 2 Boilers
c Automatic firing controls so arranged that they effectively control the supply of fuel to the burners on oil or gas fired boilers, or air to solid fuel fired boilers, and effectively shut off the supply in the event of any one or more of the following circumstances: (iv) when the water level falls to a predetermined point below the normal operating level. When the water level is restored the burner may be automatically refired; Note: In the case of (i) (ii) and (v), these controls should be of the lock out type requiring manual resetting. In the case of (iv) this control should cut off the fuel/air supply and cause an audible alarm to sound.
Class 2 Boilers
Safety Valves
Vacuum Breaker
Main Stop
Manhole
Inspection Door
Heating Coil
Sample Cock
Manhole Door
Class 2 Boilers
Electric Heater
P PC P P
Pressure Control
L
Control
Q.C. Valve
Steam Heater
Feed Control
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Tubes
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Increased Area for Steam Pressure to Act Steam Guided to Act Under Valve
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
N Reduce Fuel Pressure, Stop Pump, Switch Off Heater Y Boiler Pressure High N
Air Pressure OK
Class 2 Boilers
Uptake Fires
Prevention. Regular soot-blowing to prevent build up of carbon ash Ensure circulation of boiler Early detection of soot fires. If boiler/economiser is leaking and has to be run dry
Increase frequency of sootblowing Remove cover to prevent build up of pressure Fully drain boiler
Soot Fires. Stop engine as soon as possible Continue circulation of boiler/economiser, unless water is being lost, if so drain completely. Do NOT use soot-blowers Stop air circulation through engine Use water washing to fight fire (if fitted) otherwise wait and prepare boundary cooling.
Class 2 Boilers
Uptake Fires
Hydrogen Fires. Stop the main engine as soon as possible Stop circulation of boiler/economiser and close valves Drain the boiler/economiser Stop air circulation through the engine Boundary cool Fire may be extinguished by large amounts of water directed to the heart of the fire (DnV).
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Inspection
FIRESIDE
Loss or refractory Condition of the refractory around the burner and the back wall, as these areas suffer from high temperature cracking. Distortion to any metal surfaces including the furnace and the tube plates Condition of the furnace floor looking for signs of oil contamination Signs of overheating at the burner assembly. Tube ends for signs of leakage, creep cracking.
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Inspection
WATERSIDE
Integrity of the bottom blow down pipe and other internal fittings. Boiler bottom plate (furnace top-fire tube boiler), furnace wall for steam bubble pitting Mechanical grooving of boilerplates at internal supports Oxygen pitting of shell at the water line Thinning or necking of the tubes Pitting of the boiler tubes Feed and scum pipe integrity Oxygen pitting in the steam space Condition of manhole opening, joint faces, welds, corrosion Steam space stay condition. Scale deposits Condition of welds Class 2 Boilers Blockages in pipes for mountings
Boiler Inspection
SHELL
Condition of lagging Signs of leakage Fit of manhole door and condition of securing device Overhaul all valve and fittings;
Check for corrosion. All parts should be made from non-corrodable material Check valve seat faces free from defects and face width not excessive Check valve bodies for corrosion and cracks Hang all components and check free from cracks by NDT inspection
Soot Fires
Action Stop engine as soon as possible Continue circulation of boiler/economiser, unless water is being lost, if so drain completely. Do NOT use soot-blowers Stop air circulation through engine Use water washing to fight fire (if fitted) otherwise wait and prepare boundary cooling. Prevention Regular soot-blowing to prevent build up of carbon ash Ensure circulation of boiler Early detection of soot fires. If boiler/economiser is leaking and has to be run dry
Increase frequency of soot-blowing Remove cover to prevent build up of pressure Fully drain boiler
Class 2 Boilers
Hydrogen Fires
Conditions Required Tube metal temperatures of over 705C Tubes with some steam content (poor circulation) The presence of a catalyst in the form of a carbon ash. Prevention. Regular sootblowing to prevent build up of carbon ash Ensure circulation of boiler If boiler to be run dry, drain and vent to eliminate possibility of steam presence Fighting. Shut of air by gagging turbo blowers wet canvass over intakes, ensure exhaust valves closed Boundary cool
Class 2 Boilers
Typical Analysis of Sea Water. Calcium Bicarbonate 200ppm Ca(HCO3)2 Calcium Sulphate 1200ppm CaSO4 Magnesium Sulphate 2000ppm MgSO4 Magnesium Chloride 3300ppm MgCl2 Sodium Chloride 25300ppm NaCl
Typical Analysis of Fresh Water. Sodium Chloride 50ppm Magnesium Sulphate 30ppm Calcium Sulphate 90ppm Calcium Carbonate 200ppm
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Treatment
ALKALIS Sodium Carbonate (soda ash). Reacts with non-alkaline hardness salts by either precipitating them, or converting into sodium salts, which stay in solution. Excess Sodium carbonate remains in solution to provide an alkalinity to reduce corrosion. Na2CO3 + CaSO4 CaCO3 + Na2SO4
Sodium Hydroxide. (caustic soda) Reacts with magnesium chloride producing a harmless precipitant and sodium chloride, which remains in solution. It is not suitable for pre-mixing with other chemicals. But can be used in conjunction with other chemical treatments. 2NaOH + MgCl2 2NaCl + Mg(OH)2
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Treatment
PHOSPHATES Disodium Phosphate Dissolves in water and forms a neutral solution. Reacts with magnesium and calcium sulphates and precipitates them as phosphates, or converts them to sodium salts, which will remain in solution. Na2HPO4 + MgSO4 MgHPO4 + Na2SO4 Trisodium Phosphate Dissolves in water to produce disodium phosphate and
The function of both these chemicals is to prevent scale formation by precipitating the salts of magnesium and calcium as a soft sludge.
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Treatment
Coagulants (Starch, Tannin, Sodium aluminate) These chemicals attract the sludges which float in the boiler water. They keep the sludge in suspension and so avoid any build up of sludge on the heating surfaces. Can also help in the reduction of foaming and also keep any oil present in an emulsified form.
Class 2 Boilers
Boiler Treatment
OXYGEN SCAVENGERS Presence of oxygen in the boiler water will result in serious corrosion. To reduce the amount of oxygen present in the boiler water oxygen scavengers are used. These are Hydrazine or Sodium Sulphite Hydrazine N2H4 + O2 2H2O + N2 Sodium Sulphite 2NaSO3 + O2 2NaSO4
Class 2 Boilers