hUbUNAN L1NK hUbUNAN L1NK

1 Uh$o) 1 Uh$o)
Pteputed g:
H0B0N0AN INlk 0l H0B0N0AN INlk 0l
MALAVIlA IRAkIA MALAVIlA IRAkIA
BRHA0AAN 0N0AN BRHA0AAN 0N0AN
LBA0Al CABARAN 0l RA LBA0Al CABARAN 0l RA
0L0BALlIAIl lNl. H0RAlkAN 0L0BALlIAIl lNl. H0RAlkAN
CABARANBRkNAAN 0AN CABARANBRkNAAN 0AN
BA0AlMANA lANVA B0LH BA0AlMANA lANVA B0LH
0lIAN0ANl 0LH IL0R0H 0lIAN0ANl 0LH IL0R0H
BAN0IA MALAVIlA BAN0IA MALAVIlA
HULUNGAN ETNlK Dl MALAY$lA HULUNGAN ETNlK Dl MALAY$lA
W |sss,s|stss sts|| ts.|sss. sss.s |st||s |s.ss|atass Isss| Ms|s,a
mssss,s| |sms.is|sss ,sis ts|as |I msm|s|s||ss .s|,st
mea||mat| |aasa pal|t|| ,ss ssms .sts issss asar per|aags|aa
|aasa.
W s|ta jas isss. ,sss||ss |e|aaaa ,sm|ssasss masara|at
aag a|l i| s|s| asissasiss sms|ss ema|ras| ss.ts |aatra|
sas|al i| ssts.s |s,s||ss|ss |sam mss|ss|||ss |s|s.mss|ss
mss,s.s|st Ms|s,s|s.
W |ssss, ,s.|sss|ss |asss ,sss||ss ,ssis,stss sss.s ssss.s si||
,s|ass ,ssi|i||ss ,ss ssms i| ssts.s |sam |s|s|ssss |s.ssms
,ss i|jsm|s s|s| ,s.|sm|ssss sss.s ,s.||siasss ts.|sis, |sam
m|ss.|t| ss.ts isss.isss. ,ss |s|s ts|s| is,st meajam|a
|elarmaa|aa ra|at |s.|||ss |sam iss sts|| i| sss.s ||ts.
HULUNGAN ETNlK Dl MALAY$lA HULUNGAN ETNlK Dl MALAY$lA
HULUNGAN ETNlK Dl MALAY$lA HULUNGAN ETNlK Dl MALAY$lA
.ss|s msssms||ss isss. meagas|ag|aa |ampalaa eta||
mss||at |s,sst|sss |s,sis ,sstsi||.ss .|t|s| i| s.sws|
|s.|a|asss ssts.s sts||sts|| |s.ssss|ss s|sssm|.
Mssss|s|ss sst|s, |am,a|ss sts|| i| s.sws| mss||at
petempataa aa pe|erjaaa ,ss |s.|s|sss |s| msss|s||ss
,s.ts||s|s|ss iss ,s.tam,s|ss is.s| ,ss msm|sws |s,sis
peageaalaa eta|| |s.isss.|ss tsm,st t|ss|.
|s.|a|asss sts|| ssms||s |s|| ms|s|a| ,s.|s|w|sss ssm,a.
ts|s.sss| ssms |sssis.ss ms|s|a| ,ssi|i||ss iss ss|ss|s,s
fff
KElElLUAN MEVU`UDKAN HULUNGAN KElElLUAN MEVU`UDKAN HULUNGAN
ETNlK ETNlK
W |s.|stsss is|sm assa. assa.assa. assa. |s|ais,sss |s|ais,sss ss,s.t| |s|sss ssms iss
sist .sssm.
W I|m|a|s,s js.s| js.s| sss|s| sss|s| ssts.s sssts mss,s.s|st |s.sss |a.ss
|sts.s|s|.
W |s.|stsss ,s|s.jsss iss tsm,st t|ss| ,s|s.jsss iss tsm,st t|ss|.
W W |.ssss|s |.ssss|s iss iss ,.sjai|s ,.sjai|s ,ss msss|s|.
W W |sssssss |sssssss sssts mss,s.s|st asta| msm|a|s ias|s sss|s| |s,sis
mss,s.s|st |s|s iss |ssssis.asss asta| msss|s||ss |isst|t|
mss|smss|s.
W W |sm|sss| |sm|sss| sssasta sssasta |sam |sam is|sm ||iss||iss ts.tssta ss,s.t| ,s||t||
stsa ,s.s|ssss.
W W ||ssss sssts ||ssss sssts mss,s.s|st msjs.|t| iss m|ss.|t| |s||| |a.ss ssms.
W |s.|stsss E ,s.tsstssss |s,sst|sss i|
ssts.s sts||.
W Is.is,st ias |smas|t| i| Ms|s,s|s |s|ta |smas|t|
|am|,ats.s iss |smas|t| |a|ss |am|,ats.s
,ss |a|ss Ms|s,a.
W s|sss .ssm| . s|sss Ms|s,a
W /sms .ssm| . /sms |s|sm
0R lN tPtk P0ll1lk
W I|s |sam ,ss atsms s|as is|sm ,s.||stss
ms|s|a| ,s||t|| mss|smss|s.
W Is.ta|a|s,s ,s.t| s.|sss Kss|sss|
W |s||t|| ,s.|samss |s|s| mss|m|a||ss ,s.sssss
|a.ss sssss |st| iss mssa|a||ss ssmssst
,s.|samss j||s sssasta t|sis|ss i|sm||| tss,s
mssis,st |sts ss,s|st s|s| ssmas ,||s|.
W |as tsss| ,ss |s|s ts|s| ,as i||ssss.|ss. Isss|
|s| |s|s| |ssss, alas|a, Pa|at B|alala|aa,
Peacapa|aa B|atama|aa asta| mss,sta,sia|ss
ssmas .s|,st Ms|s,s|s |s| mss|sis,| ss|s.ss
,ss mssistss iss Pragram !raasfarmas|
Kerajaaa (P!K) asta| msmssts,|ss ,s.|||imstss
swsm is|sm |iss |s|s.|ss||ss |tsms Kss.s
(Nat|aaal Ke Pesalt Areas, NKPA). Isss|
ts.s|||. |s|s| Paacaagaa alas|a Kesepalal ZB
ZB ,ss s|ss i|amam|ss ssst| ,sis ts|as |s|
W |sa|sa ,s.|samss ss,s.t| |s|sss |s|ais,sss
,ssi|i||ss ssms |s.s|,stss iss s|sssm|
j||s i|,s.ass|ss asta| tajass |s.,s||t||.
W Is.is,st t|s lssts. ,sst|s ,ss mssjsi|
,ss|s|ss |s,sis |sts..ss| sss|sss|.
. prasaag|a
Z. per|aamaa
B. etaaseatr|sme
0R lN tPtk
tk00Nl
|) |ssasssss s|sssm|
msm,s.|||st|ss ja.ss ,ss |ass |s| sst|s, sts||.
|sam Ms|s,a mssasss| ss|ts. ,s.tss|ss |sam
||ss mssasss| ss|ts. ,ss |s||| msja ss,s.t|
,s.s|ssss ,s.issss iss mssass|ss
ts|ss|s| msiss iss |sam |si|s ts.|||st issss
,s.|sissss i| sstst sts| iss |s|s,s ssw|t.
||) |s.|stsss ,s|s.jsss |s.isss.|ss ststas s|sssm|
$tatas $tatas araag araag elaa elaa. .
W |s.sjsss |ss,s| mssa|a||ss ssss|ssss| ss,s.t|
|||/ ||||/ |/M/ iss /msss| s|sm M/|/
W |sta| msm|ssta s.ss Ms|s,a ||asass,s i| |as.
|ssis..
W |sssssss s|sssm| ,ss |s||| mss,s|a.a| |s|
|sssmas |sam ma|s i|,s.|sss||ss iss |s
i||sss|| ss|ss| |sss. ||sssm| s.a (||).
W || i||s.s,|ss is,st mss,asas ssma|s
mss,s.s|st Ms|s,s|s issss |s.s,ss |s|stss
s|sssm| t|is| |s| i||isst|l||ss||ss issss
|sam
$tatas $tatas araag araag B|aa B|aa. .
W |siaia|ss s|sssm| ||ss smst tsa|.
W |ssss, ,s.s|ssss s|s |sss| ts|s| msm|ssta
|sam ||ss mssam,a| msis| iss mssa|a||ss
msis| i| |s|ssss |smas|t| ms.s|s.
W |s|ss| s.ss ||ss i| |ssis. ,ss ts|s|
mssisis||ss ms.s|s issss ssta s|stsm
,ssi|i||ss ,ss |s||
$tatas $tatas araag araag |a|a |a|a. .
W |s.sjsss msssm||| s||| |siss|siss m||||
,ssass|s ss|s msm,as,s| |ssss ,ss ss.|as
|s stss |a.a| ssst.
W M||@ts|s| sa|s mss,s|smst|ss sss|| |a.a|
|a.a| |si|s issss msm|s|| |siss|siss |ss||
issss mssa|a||ss Kst|sss| |ssi ||sssss|s
s,s.st|.s ss|st, |mti (K|||) ,sis ||.
0R lN Ptllk
W |ssi|i||ss ms.a,s|ss ||iss ,ss s|ss msss.|ms
|ssss stsa |m,s| ,ss ts.as is.| s.s |s|s||s|ss|
|s.sss ,ssi|i||ss sis|s| |s.|s|t issss
,sm|ssasss sam|s. mssas|s ,ss smst
i|,sss.a|| s|s| ,s.ss||ts.sss,s.
W I.ssi |s|s||sss| jas ts|s| msssstas|ss ,s||ss|
ss|s.ss is|sm ,s|s|ssssss ,ssi|i||ss i| Ms|s,s|s.
W /sts.s ss|s.sss,s |s|s| .
|.|s,s.|ass ts.|sis, ,sm|s|sjs.ss |s.ts.asss.
I.|ssassss ts|ss|s| ts|s|smas||ss| iss
ms||amst.
. |ssa.asss ,ssi|i||ss.
+. |sm|ssta|ss jst| i|.| ,s|sjs..
. |as||t| a.a.
0R lll 1R t1lk:
W |s.|stsss is.| ss| ssms |s|sss iss |s|ais,sss
- mssjsi| sa|s. s,s|||s sst|s, |sam ts.as msss|s|
is |s|sss iss |s|ais,sss mss|smss|s.
W st|s, sts|| t|is| msm,as,s| ,s.sssss |s.mst -
mss|s.mst| ts.|sis, ssms iss |ais,s |s|s.
W |ssa|s.ss asta| ||ia, is|sm ssta mss,s.s|st ,ss
ssms - msss|s| |smas||ss|.
W |sts.s|s| ssts.s |sam sis|s| ,sst|s -
ms|s||.|ss mss,s.s|t |s.mss|s |s.ssta ,sia
iss mss||sis.|ss mss,s.s|st is.| ms|s|a|ss
s|t|.|t| t|is| s||st iss mss,s|s|| ss.msss.ms
|s||ia,ss.
W |sm|ssta|ss |isst|t| |ais,s ws.s Ms|s,s|s -
ss.s ||ia, mss,s.s|t Ms|s,s|s ,s msm,as,s|
,s||ss| |ssss ssms |ais,s iss |s|sss
tsts,| ||ia, |s.ism,|sss |s.si|s |s|a
|s.t|m|ss.sss ts|s.sss| iss s|sts|ss sss.s.
W |s.sjsss Ms|s,s|s mss|t|||s.st ,s.sss|ss
s|||s| iss s||s|s||s| ma.s| is|sm mss,s.s|st -
Wswssss I|I| iss |Ms|s,s|s.
W Ms|s||.|ss ssta sss.s |ssss Ms|s,s|s - msja
,.s.ss|l ss|st|l|| iss ||ia, |s.ssta ,sia.
W |s|ais,sss mss,s.s|st Ms|s,s|s |s.|sts
tsts,| msm,as,s| ssss ,ss ssms - |s.,sss
tsa| ,sis sjs.ss ssms mss|smss|s iss
msm,.s|.|s|ss s||s|s||s| ma.s| is|sm ssms
ms.s|s.
0R 6l0llttl:
W |.ssss |s|s||sss| iss ,sm|s.stss ss.s| ||ia,
|s.ssss|ss s|sssm| iss ,s||t|| |s.st -
i|ss|s||ss ,s.|sm|ssss ts|ss|s| ms||amst
,ss mssjss|sa ssm,siss s|sssm|
ts|ss|s||ais,s iss sssss, ss,s| |s||ia,ss
mss,s.s|st..
W |aaam|.
W i| |||st ms|s|a| ,s.|assss ,s.ass|sss ms.sstss| ssm,siss sss.s
ss,s.t| Issss Ms|.s |s..slsa..
W i||||st ms|s|a| t|s ts|s, |s|ta.
W |s.ass|sss ssts.s|ssss ,ss msm,as,s| s|t|.|t| i||as.
ssm,siss sss|sss| ms||,at| s|s,s.t|m,s.t iss ,ss|ss||ss
|a|ss mssts|.
W |s.ass|sss ma|t|sss|sss| ,s.ass|sss ,ss mssjs|ss|ss
s|t|.|t|s,s i| |s.|ss| sss.s.
W |s.ass|sss |s|s| ,ss ms|||st s|sssm| ias|s ss|ss| ssta.
|s.ass|sss ts.ss|at mssis,st|ss |s|ss mssts| iss mssjas|
|s.ssss ssss.s |s|s|.
W |||s|t|ss is ,s.|sm|ssss s,s.||st |s.,s.st ,ss |s.mst|smst|ss
|s ss.s |s|s||sss| - Is|s|sm Ms|s,s|s erhod.
W !e|aalag|.
W || s.s |s|s||sss| |s|,s.|sm|ssss ts|ss|s| |s|ta ,ssst
iss sss|| i| ss|a.a| ias|s iss mssas|s |ss,s|
|s.sstas |s,sis |sm,ats. iss ts|ss|s|.
W |sssts|ass iss |sms||.ss i|s.|sstss| |s.isss.|ss
s|asss i|s|,||s ts|s||s| stst|st|| iss |s.ssss|ss
|sm,ats.
W |s|stss |sst|tas| ,ssi|i||ss iss |st||ss s|ss i|tam,a|ss
|s s.s| mss|ss|||ss |sms||.ss is|sm ||iss ts|ss|s|
ms||amst iss ||ts.ss| |sm,ats.
W |ss|s| |s.sjsss Ms|s,s|s msm||ss |s|a| |s,s Ma|t|
Msi|s |s|.s.s|t| Ma|t| Msi|s iss |asst |sstsi||.ss
|s.sjsss s.s|s|t.ss||
W |e|aaaaa. ms.a,s|ss ss.s ||ia, ss|s.|ss mssas|s is|sm
ssss|as| mss,s.s|st stsa s.ss|sss|
W aaa fesea.
lss,ss iss jsssms |s.st mssjsi| ,||||ss mss,s.s|st Ms|s,s|s.
|ss,ss msms|s| sa|ss .ssts| iss s|ss |s| |sam |s|s||
iss lss,ss msws.ss|ss .sm|at iss msms|s| ss|sa. |stst
|s| |sam wss|ts.
W aaa mat|| aa l||araa.
mat|| iss |||a.ss |s||| mssssjs||ss |ais,s |s.st
,s||ss| ,s.tssi|sss .ss||t, iss lsst|.s| |||a.ss
|as|s |s|ssss iss ,sm||||sss l||sm ,a|s ts|s| mss||at ss.s
,sm||||sss |s.st
W aaa |alasa.
|s|sss |ss.|s sis|s| s|st iss msi|am ,ss
,sst|s asta| ,s.|a|asss ssss.s |s|s|
i| ,s.|s|st ss|s|s| msts,s|sjs.ss ss,s.t|
mstsmst|| iss ss|ss ts|s| mssa|s.|ss
,ssassss |s|sss is.| |s|sss Ms|s,a |s,sis
|s|sss |ss.|s.
W aaa ma|aa.
,s||ss| jss|s .sstsa.ss iss ms|ssss sss.s
|s|as.ss |s.st ,ss ssms||s mssjsi| ,s.|st|ss
iss |ssms.ss mss,s.s|st.
0R lN tPtk t0tll
s. |sm|ss|ss ,sssm,stss. |a|ss s|j |s|s|
ms.ssss|ss ||s E |sts.s|s| ,s||ss| sts||
tsts,| msm,s.|ast|ss |s| ,s.sssss |s||tsss E
stssssst.|sms i|m |s|ssss sssts ,
ssts.ass,s mss|m|a||ss ,.ssss|s st.ssts|, E
msss|s||ss |sjs|||ssi| ||s sts|| t.|si, sts|| ,
|s|s.
|. |ssss|sss s|stsm ,ssi|i||ss.|sts.s|s| |ss,s
|s.||ss. i|m |s|ssss sts|| , ssms.
s|s|s| |ssis| |s|ssssss iss s|s|s| Msssss|
|s|ssssss ,a|s |s|ss,s|ss ,s.s ,s|sj.s,s ts.i|.|
is.|,sis |am,a|ss sts|| |s.ssms |s|sm.
Mssass|ss |s|sss ,ssssts. mss|s mss|s.
s. ,s||.ss|. |sts.ss|sss ,sis ,s.|s|st ss|s|s| .ssis|
|s.ssssss ,sis ,s.|s|st ss|s|s| mssss| iss
|sst|tat ,sssj|ss t|s| swsm (||I/) ss.ts |sst|tat
,sssj|ss t|s| swssts (||I) mss|| wajai.
W smas s||| ,s||t|| ,s.|a mssjsi| s||| ,s||t|| ,ss
|s.tssasjsws| ts.|sis, sst|s, t|s|s| |s|a E |sts|sts
ms.s|s.
W |s.|a mss|s.mst| ,s.|sm|ssss sss.s t|is|
,s.|ai|,s.t||s||ss s,s ,ss ts|s| ts.ms|ta| i| is|sm
,s.|sm|ssss.
W Mss|s.mst| s|stsm |s.sjs ss|ss| |sst|tas| ts.t|s|
sss.s.
AlA MENANGANl ALAlAN AlA MENANGANl ALAlAN
HULUNGAN ETNlK HULUNGAN ETNlK
PB||!|K PB||!|K
W Mss,sms| ssmssst ,st.|st|| i| |s|ssss
.s|,st.
W /||| ,s||t|| ,s.|a mssjsi |sssts| ,ss |s||
|s,sis .s|,st.
W s.,s||t|| ssss.s mstss.
W I|is| ,s.|a mss,s|s.|ss |iss|s| iss is|t.|s
,ss |s.tsstssss issss ssms |ais,s sist
sstsm,st.
W |s|ts. s|sssm| msms|s|ss ,s.ssss ,sst|s is|sm
mssssta|ss |sjs,sss |a|asss sts|| i| Ms|s,s|s.
|sssjs.sss,s |s|s| ,s.|st|ws | Ms| |.
W Ha|asss sts|| |sts.ss| iss ,s.,siass |ss,s |s|s|
ts.|ss|| j||s sis |s,s.|ass ssss asta| sa..|.s|
mssas|s i|,ssa|| |s|ta ms|ssss asta| msss.as|ss
|s||ia,ss.
KBNB| KBNB|
MODEL EKONOMI BARU
W Msis| ||sssm| s.a (M|) ,ss |ssis| i|ss,s|
ms|s|a| |.s.sm I.sssls.mss| ||sssm| (|I|)
ms.a,s|ss ssta tsss| atsms ,ss s|ss
ms|ssjs||ss Ms|s,s|s |s s.s| ststas sss.s
msja ssjsjs. issss mst|smst Wswssss I|I|.
1etduput 1 pelun dusut pembungunun negutu
gung utumu :
DASAR-DASAR
PLMBANGUNAN
NLGARA
LRA DASAR
LKONOMI BARU
(J97J J990)
LRA DASAR
PLMBANGUNAN
NASIONAL
(J99J 2000)
LRA DASAR
WAWASAN
NLGARA
(200J 20J0)
LkA DAAk LkCNCMI 8AkU
(1971 1990)
Msm,s.|sta||ss |st|is|ss|m|ssss sss|ss|sssm|
,ss wajai ssts.s |sam iss w||s,s|
Msm,s.t|s|st|ss ,ss|||stss |sam |am|,ats.s
is|sm ||iss ,s.s|ssss iss ,s.ass|sss
L8A uASA8 LM8AnCunAn
nASlCnAL (19912000)
Mssss,s| ,sm|ssasss ss|m|ss |s| mswajai|ss
mss,s.s|st ,ss |s.ssta ,sia iss si||
Mswajai|ss ss|as| mss,s.s|st |s.isssss iss
|s.|siast.|ss am|,ats.s
|. s|sss |s|ssssss s| |s|sss ,ssssts.
I. Msssis|ss |a.||a|am ,ss ssms |s.s.|sstss||ss
Ms|s,s|s |s| ssmas jss|s ss|s|s|
. |stsm ,s,s.||ssss ,ss ssms
+. Ms||s|s|ss tstsss.s ,ssa.asss ,ssi|i||ss
. Mss|s|st|ss mata ,ssi|i||ss mss,s|a.a|
PNB|B|KAN PNB|B|KAN
. Mss,si|s|ss ,s|ass ,ssi|i||ss ssss ss|sms
ssm|||ss ts|as
I. Mssisms|.ss||ss ,ssi|i||ss is.| ss| ,s|ass iss
mata iss msm|a|s ,s|ass |s,sis s|ssss |a.ss
|s.sss|| |s|| iss i| |as. |ssis..
e. Msm,s.|sss||ss s|stsm || E |M |s.ssss|ss
,s.|s.s M
. Msm,s.|ass|ss ,ssi|i||ss .s|ss|sss| iss ts|s||
||.Msm,s.mais||ss iss msm,s.|ss,s||ss
|smais|ss as|.s.s|t|
||. Msm,s.t|s|st ss,s| |s.s|ss|ss ms.s| iss i|s|,||s.
|I. s|sss |s|ssssss iss |s|sss |ss.|s wsj|| ,ss
i|sjs. i| ss|s|s| iss msm|s.| ,s|ass ,sm|s|sjs.ss
|s|sss |s|s (Ism|| E Mssis.|s)
|. Msss|s||ss s|t|.|t| |s|a.||a|am ,ss msma,a|
i|s|,||s
W Msm,s.|sss||ss ss|s|s| wswssss
W ||M|| |sssssss |sts.ss| Ma.|i |sta|
|s.,siass. ||js|t|l ||M|| .
|) Msss|s||ss ,ss,s.tsss a.a iss ma.|i i|m
|s|stss |s.ssms
I) Mswajai|ss s||s, |s.jsssms
) Ms|s||.|ss ,s.ssls|smss st. ma.|i ,s||ss|
|sam
+) s.|sss| |smais|ss ,s.s|stss tssss iss
|s,s|s.ss i|m |s|stss ||ss
W Msssws.|ss ,sm|s|sjs.ss ||sss Ism|| E
Mssis.|s i| ss|s|s| |s|ssssss
W |||| - |s|ss |sia| |sm|ssasss |ssi|i||f
sss.s js|ss |ss,s| isss. iss s|stsm ,ssi|i||ss msm|s.|
.ass |s,sis ,ss,stass .s|,st |s.|||ss |sam i| sss.s
|s|
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W o|oy:|o - neqoro mojmuh yonq mo:|h memer|uhon bonyoh
u:oho boq| menyuburhon |nteqro:| ontoro houm don menonqon|
coboroncoboron yonq :edonq don ohon d|hodo| do|om
er:oo|on eroduon houm.
W |:u erhoumon meruohon |:u :en:|t|f don bo|eh men|mbu|hon
heodoon yonq t|doh hormon| :eh|ronnyo ermo:o|ohon |n| t|doh
d|tonqon| denqon coro yonq betu| don b|joh:ono.
W 5emuo |hoh er|u memo|nhon eronon do|om hoo:|t| mo:|nq
mo:|nq boq| menyuburhon |nteqro:| houm.
W ener|moon terhodo erubohon horu:|oh d|f|h|rhon don
d|ter|mo :ecoro o:|t|f don memb|no untuh hemojuon
d|r|,he|uorqo,oqomo,bonq:o don neqoro.
.!!.ferimz kztih.!!.