Medina Lecture 1.

Any power deemed to be legislature by ways and tradition, is necessarily possessed by Congress, unless the constitution delegated it to other branch. 2. It is a LEGAL QUESTION if it violates a constitutional provision hence it is a subject for judicial review. 3. It is a political question if it is a question of policy which is a nonjusticiable question. It usually involves the publics common wisdom than resolution of legal matters. 4. The Constitution does not prohibit Senate in filing a substitute bill (that should originate exclusively from the House) so long as the action of the Senate as a body is withheld pending receipt of the House Bill. 5. 2 characters of enrolled bill: a. Conclusive as to its enactment b. Conclusive as to its provision 6. Indispensible character of party-list representation of marginalized and underprivileged.