Name: ________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ____________ Chapter 11 Notes Development of Atomic Theory Atom (building blocks of matter)

Theory The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance. Unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations that have been supported by testing. NOT A LAW Aristotle disagrees Dalton Greek Philosopher-440 B.C eventually end up with an uncuttable particle called an atom all small and hard made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes always moving and join together Greek philosopher you would never end up of with an invisible particle Even though incorrect, his influence made Democritus'sideas ignored for centuries 1700's-British chemist and teacher combine in specific proportions because they are made of individual atoms Atomic theory published in 1803 states 1. All substances are made of atoms. Atoms are small particles that cannot be created , divided, or destroyed. 2. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different 3.Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances. 1897-British scientist discovered there are small particles inside the atom, therefore can be divided into smaller parts cathode-ray tube (p.314) positively charged plate attracts the beam that had a negative charge Particles called corpuscles-know called electrons

Democritus Proposes the atom

Thomson

Plum pudding model

pg.314 electrons are located throughout an atom like plums in a pudding

model-representation of an object or system

Rutherford

1909-former student of Thomson tested Thomson's theory finds some particles are deflected and others seem to bounce back 1911-revised the atomic theory and developed new model (p.316) center is tiny and dense, positively charged called the nucleus (most of the mass) calculated that the nucleus was 100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a gold atom

Bohr

1913-Danish scientist suggested that electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths no paths between levels, but electrons can jump from one to another

Modern theory

Schrodinger and Heisenberg Electron clouds surround the nucleus Electrons do not travel in a definite path

Electron clouds

Regions inside the atom where electrons are likely to be found (pg. 317)