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Ang lambak ilog ng Indus at Ganges ay makikita sa Timog Asya.

Ang rehiyong ito ay binabantayan ng matatayog na kabundukan sa hilaga-ang kabundukan ng Himalayas at ng Hindu Kush. May ilang daanan o landas sa mga kabundukang ito tulad ng Daanang Khyber na nagsisilbing lagusan ng mga mandaruyuhan at mananakop mula sa Kanlurang Asya at Gitnang Asya. Tulad ng Tigris at Euphrates na umaapaw, ang Indus at Ganges ay taunang umaapaw rin dahil sa pagkatunaw ng yelo sa Himalayas at pagbagsak ng ulan. Matapos humupa ang baha ay naiiwan ang bagong deposito ng banlik. Dahil dito, mataba at angkop sa agrikultural na pamumuhay ang kapatagang ito.

Southern fringes the rapidly mushrooming localities to the south of the city. Includes Behala, Jadavpur, Garia and Narendrapur. There are a number of educational institutes and lavish shopping malls in this area. This is a relatively newer part of the city where a lot of expansion is going on.

South Kolkata the posher part of the city. Covers Ballygunge, Bhawanipur, Alipore, New Alipore, Rash Behari,and Tollygunge.

Esplanade the colonial district is still the central business area and is considered the heart of Kolkata. Made up of Park Street, Mirza Ghalib Street (Free School Street), Dalhousie Square, Chandni Chowk, Barra Bazaar and Sudder Street.

Maidan The area consisting of the huge park and its surrounding neighborhoods. Includes Fort William, Strand Road, Khidirpur, Dufferin Road, Hooghly Bank and Chowringhee.

North Kolkata the older area of the city, a fascinating district dominated by narrow little lanes and hundreds of century-old bulidings. Includes Chitpur, Bagbazar,Belgachhia,Shyam Bazaar, Shobha Bazaar, Maniktala, Jora Sanko and the famous College Street area. Also situated here are the Sealdah station, one of the largest train hubs in India, and the newly built Kolkata station. Dum Dum being the prime communication hub of Kolkata having International Airport, Metro Rail, Circular Rail, Ground Rail.

Northern fringes the large industrial area to the north of the city. Includes Kashipur, Dumdum, Belghoria, Khardah, Panihati, Titagarh etc. where there are a number of factories, including jute, paper, cotton, ordnance and chemicals.

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