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HYDRAULIC SYMBOLOGY

The ANSI (American National Standards Institute) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) are two recognized institutions for hydraulic and graphic symbols. Many companies create their own symbols for hydraulic components, but this practice is increasingly used by the confusion. ISO symbols have become the most used by the international community, therefore, we will see these symbols in great detail. There are six major categories covering all symbols. In this section we will try to familiarize with the symbols and then I can do simple systems and diagnose problems using some current schemes. One of the first steps in diagnosis and testing is to obtain the diagram of the hydraulic system, electrical and other necessary for analysis. The outline or diagram is the "road map" of the hydraulic system. What to do if there is no hydraulic diagram?, of course is to make the plot or have someone carried out. If you can make the diagram, this will make him better understand the hydraulic system and greatly simplify their work in solving problems. Of course a knowledge of symbolism is necessary. SYMBOLS The symbols used in hydraulics are pictorial, cutting, and graphic . There is no default scale for symbols. Usually the symbols are painted in the resting position of the element. This does not mean that it can be painted in another condition. Pictorial symbols are used to show the interconnection between components. Are not standardized because they generally depend on the physical form of the element. Cutting symbols emphasize the internal structure, they are very good to understand how the elements work. Drawings are usually complex and function is not as explicit. Graphic symbols emphasizes the role and method of operation of the component. These symbols are simple to draw, they can switch the language barrier and promote universal understanding of hydraulic systems. Complete graphic symbols are those that provide symbolic representation of the component and all the relevant features of the hydraulic diagram. Simplified graphic symbols are stylized versions of the complete symbols. Composite graphic symbols are a set of complex symbols or simplified. These represent a complex component. SIMPLIFIED VALVE VALVULA SIMPLIFICADA 1

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GENERAL FEATURES OF SYMBOLS 1. Symbols show connections, flow paths, and functions of the item represented. 2. They may indicate conditions that occur during transitions from one arrangement to another flow path. 3. The symbols do not indicate building, do not indicate values, such as pressure, flow rate, or other component setting. 4. The symbols do not indicate the present location of the ports of a component, direction of movement of the valve spools, or location of the actuators on the machines. 5. Symbols can be stolen or backward without altering their meaning except in cases of lines to tank, vented manifolds, and accumulators. 6. The significance of the operation of a hydraulic component is shown as part of the symbol. (where applicable) 7. The symbols that use words or abbreviations are avoided. 8. Symbols are shown for the most used components.

PRINCIPAL PILOTO DRENAJE INTERCEPCION

LINES
NO INTERCEPCION

MECANICO ENCERRAMIENTO

CIRCLES

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MISCELANEOUS SYMBOLS

SPRING RESORTE

AFECTADO POR LA VISCOSITY VISCOSIDAD

AFFECTED BY

NO AFECTADO POR LA VISCOSITY VISCOSIDAD

NOT AFFECTED BY

ROTACION ROTATION

DIRECCION DIRECTION DE FLUJO OF FLOW

LIQUID LIQUIDO

GAS GAS

VARIABLE AJUSTABILIDAD

PUMPS

Fixed displacement Pump With two directions of flow. Variable flow Pump. With two directions of Flow. Variable displacement pump with compensator

MOTORS Fixed Displacement Motor. With two directions of Flow. Variable displacement Motor. With two directions of Flow. Limited angle Rotation.

PUMP - MOTOR UNITS Fixed displacement Unit. Variable displacement Unit

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CYLINDERS Single Acting.

DETAILED DETALLADO SIMPLIFIED SIMPLIFICADO

Spring Returned.
DETALLADO DETAILED SIMPLIFICADO SIMPLIFIED

Double Acting.
DETAILED SIMPLIFIED

With Cushions.
AMORTIGUADORES NON ADJUSTABLE FIJOS CUSHIONS AMORTIGUADORES ADJUSTABLE REGULABLES CUSHIONS

Telescopic Cylinder

50 Ton

INTENSIFIERS.

CONTROL VALVES

Positions
1 2 3

Flow Paths or ways.

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DIRECTIONAL VALVES

Different Positions/Ways

Directional 2/2

Directional 4/2

Directional 4/3

Directional 6/3 Mobile Equipment

T

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PROPORTIONAL VALVES

Manual Proportional Flow Control 2/2

Solenoid Proportional directional Valve 4/3

CHECK VALVE

SHUTTLE VALVE

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PRESSURE CONTROL VALVES

Relief Valve

Sequence Valve

Pressure Reducing Valve

Pressure Regulator Valve

FLOW CONTROL VALVE

NOT COMPENSATED PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED

Flow Divider Control Valve

Insulator Gauge Valve

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PRIME MOVER

Source of Hydraulic Power

Electric Motor

Diesel or Gasoline Engine

HYDRAULIC LINES

PRINCIPAL MAIN LINE PILOTO

PILOT LINE DRAIN LINE

DRENAJE INTERCEPCION
CONNECTION

NO INTERCEPCION NOT CONNECTED

MECANICAL MECANICO

ENCERRAMIENTO BORDER

QUICK DISCONNECTS

RESERVOIR OR TANKS

HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS

FLOW CONDITIONERS AND FILTERS

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METHODS OF ACTUATION

MANUAL MANUAL

PALANCA LEVER

PEDAL PEDAL

BOTON BUTTON

SOLENOIDE SOLENOID

MOTOR DE TORQUE TORQUE MOTOR

PRESION HYDRAULIC HIDRAULICA PRESSURE

PRESION PNEUMATIC NEUMATICA PRESSURE

ELECTRO HYDRAULIC PILOTED

ACCESORIES

MANOMETRO PRESSURE GAUGE

TERMOMETRO TEMPERATURE G.

FLOW METER FLUJOMETRO PRESSURE SWITCH PRESOSTATO