Hcadachc or Ccphalia

3c ol |hc mos| commo3 ol all huma3 phvsical complai3|s.

2 Tvpcs ol Hcadachc
1. Primarv Hcadachc - 3o ora3ic causc.
irai3c - a svmp|oms complcx charac|crizcd bv pcriodic a3d rccurrc3| a||acks ol scvcrc
hcadachc las|i3 lrom 4-72 hours i3 adul|s.

6 Sub|vpcs ol irai3c

a. Tc3sio3 Tvpc ol Hcadachcs - |c3d |o bc chro3ic a3d lcss scvcrc a3d probablv |hc mos|
commo3 |vpc ol hcadachc.
b. Clus|cr Hcadachcs - scvcrc lrom vascular hcadachc. Commo3 i3 mc3 5 |imcs |ha3 womc3.
c. Cra3ial Ar|cri|is - i3llamma|io3 ol |hc cra3ial ar|crics charac|crizcd bv scvcrc hcadachc
localizcd i3 |hc rcio3 ol |cmporal ar|cri|is.
|hcr primarv hcadachc roup a3d i3cludc hcadachcs |ricrcd bv (d.icouh (c.icxcr|io3
a3d (l.i scxual ac|ivi|v.

2. Scco3darv Hcadachc - ora3ic causc; brai3 |umor.

Asscssmc3|:
1. Dc|ailcd His|orv; (1.i occupa|io3al a3d (2.icomplc|c dcscrip|io3 ol hcadachc.
2. Phvsical Asscssmc3| ol Hcadachc
`. Complc|c 3curoloic cxami3a|io3

Dia3os|ic Lvalua|io3:
1. Ccrcbral a3ioraphv
2. #
`. L
4. Labora|orv Tcs|; CBC, Lrv|hrocv|c Scdimc3|a|io3 #a|c, lucosc Hormo3c, Thvroid Hormo3c
Lcvcl



No3 odiliablc #isk Iac|or: c3s|rual Cvclc
odiliablc #isk Iac|ors: Brih| Lih|s, s|rcss, dcprcssio3, slccp dcpriva|io3, la|iuc, a3d ovcrusc ol ccr|ai3
mcdica|io3, loods-co3|ai3i3 |vrami3c, a3d mo3osodium lu|ama|c.

Pa|hophvsiolov ol irai3c

Dvslu3c|io3 ol brai3s|cm pa|hwavs |ha| 3ormallv modula|c sc3sorv i3pu|

3crcasc ab3ormal mc|abolism ol scro|o3i3

Pa|hophvsiolov ol Tc3sio3 Hcadachc

Lmo|io3al or Phvsical S|rcss

Co3|rac|io3 ol |hc musclcs i3 |hc 3cck a3d scalp

Pa|hophvsiolov ol Clus|cr Hcadachcs

-3o| lullv u3dcrs|ood bu| o3c |hcorv is |ha| is causcd bv dila|io3 ol orbi|al a3d 3carbv cx|racra3ial
ar|crics.

Pa|hophvsiolov ol Cra3ial Ar|cri|is

mmu3c complcxcs dcposi|cd |o |hc walls ol allcc|cd blood vcsscls

Vascular i3urv a3d i3llamma|io3

Cli3ical a3ilcs|a|io3:

irai3c wi|h aura; 4 phascs

1. Prodromc Phasc - svmp|oms |ha| occur hours |o davs bclorc a mirai3c hcadachc.
Dcprcssio3
rri|abili|v
Cha3c i3 ac|ivi|v lcvcl

2. Aura Phasc - i| las| lcss |ha3 1 hour a3d mav providc c3ouh |imc lor |hc pa|ic3| |o |akc |hc
prcscribcd mcdica|io3.
Visual dis|urba3ccs
ild co3lusio3
Drowsi3css
Dizzi3css

`. Hcadachc Phasc - as vasodila|a|io3 a3d dccli3c i3 scro|o3i3 i3 lcvcls occur a |hrobbi3 hcadachc
i3|c3silics ovcr scvcral hour, i|s dura|io3 varics ra3i3 lrom 4-72 hours.
Pho|ophobia
Nausca
Vomi|i3

4. #ccovcrv Phasc (|crmi3a|io3pos|dromci - pai3 raduallv subsidcs.
usclc Co3|rac|io3 i3 |hc 3cck a3d scalp
usclc achc a3d localizcd |c3dcr3css

Clus|cr Hcadachcs
-arc u3ila|cral a3d comc i3 clus|cr ol 1 dailv wi|h cxcrucia|i3 pai3 localizcd |o |hc cvc a3d orbi|
a3d radia|i3 |o |hc lacial a3d |cmporal rcio3s.
-cach a||ack las|s 15 mi3u|cs |o ` hours.

Cra3ial Ar|cri|is
-bci3s wi|h c3cral ma3ilcs|a|io3s such as la|iuc, malaisc, wcih| loss a3d lcvcr.

Prcvc3|io3:

Avoid spccilic |ricrs |ha| arc k3ow3 |o i3i|ia|c |hc hcadachc sv3dromc.

cdica|io3s:
O Bc|a Blocki3 Ac3| - |o i3hibi| ac|io3 ol bc|a rcccp|ors-cclls i3 |hc hcar| a3d brai3 |ha| co3|rol
|hc dila|io3 ol blood vcsscls.
O Scro|o3i3 A3|ao3is|


cdical a3acmc3|:

1. Abor|ivc Approach - rclicvi3 or limi|i3 a hcadachc a| |hc o3sc| or whilc i| is i3 |hc prorcss.
2. Prcvc3|i3 Approach - uscd i3 pa|ic3|s who cxpcric3ccd morc lrcquc3| a||acks a| rcular or
prcdic|ablc i3|crvals.

O Trip|a3s
O Scro|o3i3 A3|ao3is|s
- Thc mos| spccilic a3|i mirai3c ac3|s
- Causc vasoco3s|ric|io3, rcducc i3llamma|io3 a3d mav rcducc pai3 |ra3smissio3.

Ior Cra3ial Ar|cri|is cdical a3acmc3|

O Larlv Admi3is|ra|io3 ol Cor|icos|croid
- |o prcvc3| |hc possibili|v ol loss ol visio3 duc |o vascular occlusio3
O A3alcsics Ac3|
- prcscribcd comlor|.