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Chemical Reactions and Equations

In a chemical reaction, at least one of the following will occur: Change in state Change in colour Evolution of a gas Change in temperature Balanced chemical equation Reactants Products LHS RHS Total number of atoms on the LHS = Total number of atoms on the RHS How to balance an equation Write reactants and products Balance the max. number of a particular atom on both sides Balance other atoms A complete balanced equation should look like
CO (g) + 2H2
(g) 340 atm CH3OH (l)

Types of reactions Combination reaction Two or more reactants combine to form one single product. Examples
CaO (s ) H 2 O (l ) Ca OH 2 (aq ) Ca OH 2 Slaked lime C O 2 CO 2 2H 2 O 2 2H 2O (l )

Exothermic reaction Heat gets released in the reaction. Most combination reactions are exothermic. Decomposition reaction A single reactant breaks into several simple products. Examples
2FeSO 4
Heat Fe 2O3

Ferrous sulphate Limestone

CaCO3

Ferric oxide

+ SO 2 + SO 3

Heat CaO

Quick lime

+ CO 2

Sunlight 2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2

All decomposition reactions are endothermic [absorb heat]. Displacement reaction

 One element replaces another element from a compound and forms a new compound. Examples
Fe + CuSO 4 FeSO 4 + Cu

Copper sulphate

Zn + CuSO 4 ZnSO 4 + Cu Pb + CuCl2 PbCl2 + Cu

Double displacement reaction Elements from two compounds interchange their positions Example
Na 2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl

Oxidation When a substance gets oxygen

Heat 2Cu + O 2 2CuO Heat CuO + H 2 Cu + H 2O

Oxidation of Cu Oxidation of H 2

Oxidation in everyday life o Corrosion When a metal is attacked by substances around it (acids, moisture) [thats why metals are coated] o Rancidity When fats and oils are oxidised, their smell and taste change [Thats why food is kept in air-tight containers] Reduction When one substance loses oxygen
Heat CuO + H2 Cu + H2O

Reduction of CuO

Redox Oxidationreduction reaction

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