Communication

Communication
Communication can be defined as the process by which

two or more persons exchange ideas

and in the process understand each other
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Functions of Communication
Control
Motivation Emotional expression Information
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The Basic Model of Communication

Message Message Message Message

Sender

Encoding

Channel

Decoding

Receiver

Feedback

Barriers to Effective Communication

Filtering A sender manipulates information so that
it is favorably seen by the receiver Selective Perception Receivers see and hear

based on their needs

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Barriers to Effective Communication

Being Inarticulate - An inability to say what you mean

inhibits communication
Halo Effect - Attributing everything good Devils Horns Effect the opposite of halo effect is true

when managers hold a negative opinion of the sender

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Communication Technology
The use of information technology in organizations is known as Management Information System or MIS Generating Processing Transmitting of information Right information at the right time to the right person
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Non-verbal Communication
Body language a huge range of unconscious physical movements can either strengthen communication or damage it Body language includes Facial expressions Eyes, feet, and hand movements Posture
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Non-verbal Communication
Paralanguage includes

Voice quality
Tone

Volume
Speech rate

Pitch
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Downward Communication

Higher levels of organization Instruction / Directives

Lower levels of organization

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Upward Communication
Higher levels of organization Views / Ideas Lower levels of organization

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Lateral Communication
When communication takes place among
employees at the same level it is called lateral communication

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Informal Channels of Communication in Organizations

Grapevine develops in a natural way out of the friendly social relations that occur between persons who have regular contact at work

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