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    Limitations of Bernoulli

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    Ubaid Umar
    1) Bernoulli's equation assumes uniform liquid velocity but in reality velocity decreases from the center to the walls of a pipe due to friction, so the mean velocity should be used instead. 2) External forces acting on the liquid are neglected in Bernoulli's equation but actually affect flow. Energy added to or extracted from flow is also neglected. 3) In turbulent or viscous flow, kinetic energy is lost to heat or shear forces, but Bernoulli's equation neglects these losses. 4) When liquid flows in a curved path, energy from centrifugal forces must be considered but is not in Bernoulli's equation.

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    Limitations of Bernoulli

    Uploaded by

    Ubaid Umar
    106 views1 page
    1) Bernoulli's equation assumes uniform liquid velocity but in reality velocity decreases from the center to the walls of a pipe due to friction, so the mean velocity should be used instead. 2) External forces acting on the liquid are neglected in Bernoulli's equation but actually affect flow. Energy added to or extracted from flow is also neglected. 3) In turbulent or viscous flow, kinetic energy is lost to heat or shear forces, but Bernoulli's equation neglects these losses. 4) When liquid flows in a curved path, energy from centrifugal forces must be considered but is not in Bernoulli's equation.

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    1) Bernoulli's equation assumes uniform liquid velocity but in reality velocity decreases from the center to the walls of a pipe due to friction, so the mean velocity should be used instead. 2) External forces acting on the liquid are neglected in Bernoulli's equation but actually affect flow. Energy added to or extracted from flow is also neglected. 3) In turbulent or viscous flow, kinetic energy is lost to heat or shear forces, but Bernoulli's equation neglects these losses. 4) When liquid flows in a curved path, energy from centrifugal forces must be considered but is not in Bernoulli's equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    106 views1 page

    Limitations of Bernoulli

    Uploaded by

    Ubaid Umar
    1) Bernoulli's equation assumes uniform liquid velocity but in reality velocity decreases from the center to the walls of a pipe due to friction, so the mean velocity should be used instead. 2) External forces acting on the liquid are neglected in Bernoulli's equation but actually affect flow. Energy added to or extracted from flow is also neglected. 3) In turbulent or viscous flow, kinetic energy is lost to heat or shear forces, but Bernoulli's equation neglects these losses. 4) When liquid flows in a curved path, energy from centrifugal forces must be considered but is not in Bernoulli's equation.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Limitations of Bernoulli's Equation 01) The Velocity of Liquid particle in the centre of a pipe is maximum and gradually decreases

    towards the walls of the pipe due to friction. Thus while using Bernoulli's Equation, only the Mean Velocity of the Liquid should be taken into account because the Velocity of Liquid particle is not uniform. As per assumption it is not practical. 02) There are always some external Forces acting on the Liquid, which affects the Flow of Liquid. Thus while using Bernoulli's Equation, all such external forces are neglected which is not happened in actual practice. If some Energy is supplied to or extracted from the Flow, same should also take into account. 03) In Turbulent Flow some Kinetic Energy is converted into Heat Energy and in a Viscous Flow some Energy is lost due to Shear Forces. Thus while using Bernoulli's Equation all such losses should be neglected, which is not happened in actual practice. 04) If the Liquid is flowing through curved path, the Energy due to Centrifugal Forces should also be taken into account.

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