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Pali and Sanskrit Prefixes and Suffixes - Hugh Leong
Pali and Sanskrit Prefixes and Suffixes - Hugh Leong
Pali and Sanskrit Prefixes and Suffixes - Hugh Leong
by Hugh Leong
(prefix, Pali)- difficult; bad; evil; small; void [, as in the English prefix] mal-; ill-
remote; distant; far away
disturbed; uneasy
weak; feeble; lean; thin; disheartened; frail
evil-looking
a place difficult to approach
evil conduct; immoral behaviour or conduct
(prefix, Pali) - "sub-",smaller
younger brother, junior
to look after small children
[Thai grammar] subordinate clause
by-product; spin-off; chaff
minor wife; secondary wife; mistress; concubine
minor wife; secondary wife; mistress; concubine
subcontract
1
(suffix, Pali, Sanskrit)- to care for; to look after
government
watchman
town hall
good governance
metropolis
nurse
guardian; one who looks after
first aid
local government
ambulance
pastor; minister
nursing home
to look after small children
2
take care of; guard; protect; look after
(Pali) -health, [is] in good health; well; not ill
[of a person] health condition
good health
physical health condition, hygienic conditions
health station; medical clinic
Ministry of Public Health
to take care of (one's) health; to stay healthy
public health
(Sanskrit prefix or suffix) - artistic, [or pertaining to] art crafts
a work of art
arts and sciences
liberal arts
modern art
martial arts
folk art
the place of fine arts, a Thai university
3
performing artist; artist; performer; artisan
solo recording artist
Fine Arts Department
artwork
a work of art
artisan
visual art
dancing, acting, or playing art
interior decoration
the science of healing; medical practice; therapeutics
recording artists, a rock or pop band
rhetoric; oratory
fine arts
(Pali and Sanskrit) national; of a nation; race; of a country
to liberate (the) country; to free (one's) country
national; of a nation
trans-national
foreigner
4
chauvinistic
national flag
national bank
person
international
designated as national; officially of the country
a nation
nation; country
natural
patriot; nationalist; loyalist
nationalist political party
national anthem
natural disaster
5
national language
humankind; human race; mankind
national level
to be patriotic
nation-state
The National Stadium
United Nations
citizenship; nationality
League of Nations
national library
of low birth; ill-born; low; base; degraded
national
to change one's nationality; to switch citizenship
(Sanskrit) king
monarchy
the history of kings
monarchy
king; emperor; monarch
6
(Sanskrit ) - company; firm; corporation
...
Company Limited; Co.; Ltd.
...
()
Public Company Limited
multinational corporation
transport company
credit rating agency
limited company
travel agency; tour company
public company
recruitment agency
a life insurance company
brokerage company
publishing company
Company Limited; Co.; Ltd.
president of the company
a companys shareholders
company officer; company official; employee
7
(Pali-Sanskrit prefix) - superior; eminent; great; extreme; over; beyond
abbot; abbot; chief monk
rector; head clergyperson
sovereign rights
abbot; director; headmaster
chancellor; president of a university
director-general; chief official
sovereignty
sovereignty
(Pali prefix) - brave
bravery; boldness
chivalry
Age of Chivalry
hero
heroine
[variant of] (brave)
8
(Pali prefix) - to; into; towards; above; upon; supreme; transcendent
a person of high birth; an aristocrat; a landed or high-class
a good child; a child from a good family name
magical power, knowledge
highest spiritual law or doctrine
the power to perform or manifest miracles
take care of; guard; protect; look after
mega-project [especially] large
privilege; monopoly; exclusive right
a privileged person
the privileged class
(Pali numeral) - one; [usually used as a prefix] first; single
highest grade or classification; first rank
masterpiece
actor or actress in a leading role
first rate boxer
a prime witness
universe
document
ambassador
Sergeant Major 1st Class
unity; cohesiveness
king
assistance from the King
great king
government by monarchy; absolute monarchy
royal vocabulary; court language; royal language
His Majesty the King
the Crown Prince
[alternate spelling of ]
royal page; an officer of the prince's staff
Mahatma
Mahatma Gandhi
great king
university
the last incarnation of Buddha
immense; great
ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
superpower; super power nation
13
immensely; enormously; tremendously
(Sanskrit) - city; town; municipality
metropolis
metropolitan
capital city
golden city
new city
bequest
inheritor
[usually used in poetry] to die; to pass away
[usually used in poetry] to die; to perish;
(Pali, Sanskrit) - master, lord, ruler, owner
territory
kindgom; jurisdiction; realm; domain; dominion
colony
15
(Pali) - maternal; relating to mother
motherland
motherland
matricide
(Pali) father
patricide, a father-killing
fatherland; birthplace
(Sanskrit) Aryan race; civilized person; honorable person; honest person
civilization
civilized country
[alternate spelling of ]
Civil Disobedience
(Pali, Sanskrit) - direction or point of the compass
(magnetic) compass; a guide
weathervane
"Look before you leap."
ten directions; the compass; eight, plus up and down
16
the south (compass direction)
west (compass direction)
east (compass direction)
southeast (compass direction)
south (compass direction)
direction; points on a compass
north (compass direction)
in or from all directions or places, everywhere
the east
western; occidental
west (direction)
to change directions
all directions
(Sanskrit) [climate, weather] season
a season
the football season
a harvest time or busy farming season
animals' mating season
17
season or time for plowing/ploughing and rice-planting
farming or rice-growing season
the season; spring
autumn; fall (the season)
medicine
pediatrician
optician; optometrist
psychiatrist
dentist
medical
18
heavenly host
a god; the God
fairy; goddess; angel
mythology; fairy tale; myth
child god
guardian spirit
hydrology
(Sanskrit, Pali) human; relating to human
humanity
[is] humane
anthropology
economic anthropology
[is] humane
(Sanskrit) - science; knowledge; precepts; treatise; principles
astronomy
Thammasart
traditional medicine
linguistics
geography
pharmacy
Associate Professor
The Scientific Method
political science
forestry
mathematics
history as a subject of study
science
(genetics)
Bachelor of Science; B.Sc.
the Scientific Method
medical science
[the science of] surgery
professor
Professor Emeritus
Honorary Professor
Emeritus Professor
27
Visiting Professor
Adjunct Professor
a nerdy professor
Chair Professor
liberal arts
economics
macroeconomics
history period
oceanography; oceanology
sociology; social science
Social Work (the study of)
[ (zoology)]
phonetics
cookery science; cooking science
astrology
Art of letters; Faculty of Arts
28
Master of Arts
aerodynamics
the science of internal medicine
thermodynamics
(Pali) - errand; duty; work; routine; affair; business
[alternate spelling of ]
activity
work (nonbusiness); activity; duty; business
consortium
individual proprietorship
consortium
[is] formal; businesslike; systematic; seriously; official;
routine
to stimulate the economy
deal (business)
economic
business partners
business class
29
economic stimulus; an economic stimulant
to deal (business)
to do business
economic
business; business deal; firm
economic policy
unofficial
business person
to run a business; manage a business
business consulting
Commander of the Special Unit
business person
economic stimulus plan
business plan
obligation; duty; burden; responsibility; charge
duty; obligation; assignment
economic anthropology
recession
30
government(-owned, -run) enterprise(s)
investment banking
economy
corporation
economy; economic issues, matters or affairs
business document
(Pali) - rate; rating; criteria; established scale; limit; standard; class; grade
speedometer
in full battle dress
with all one's strength or might
fully outfitted soldiers
rate of speed
interest rate
postage rates
tax rate; tariff
percentage
velocity; rate of speed
exchange rate
31
the exchange rate for money
ratio; rate; percentage
(Pali) - a measured amount; quantity, a count
measure
economical
defensive measure; preventive measure
parking meter
in the position of
norm; standard; criterion; yardstick
testimony; proof
evidence
grammar
a (social) cooperative
shorthand (writing)
numerical
36
number; figure; digit; numeral
Thai digits; Thai numerals
Roman numeral(s)
number; digit
[numerical designation]
house number
passport number
37
identification number; ID number
National Identification Number
House Registration Number
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals
number
telephone number
collect call
long-distance telephone call
39
to place a telephone call
hand-held phone
cell phone; cellphone
mobile/wireless phone
public pay phone
call girl; "escort"
telephone directory assistance
to officially coin a new word
phonecard
phone number
phone number of a cellular telephone
telephone operator
telephone operator
to talk on the telephone
to answer the telephone
royal vocabulary; royal language
to hang up the phone
academic word or term; field word or term
40
a coiner of words; a wordsmith
The Royal Institute's official coinage
glossary
[grammar] euphemism
telephone directory
telephone directory book
telephone line
telephone number
dial a phone number
dial a phone number
telephone hand piece
(Sanskrit?) [a prefix meaning] remote, possibly related to tele as in telephone, television,
etc.
telecommunications
telescope
television; TV
to be telephoning from
collect call
long-distance telephone call
to place a telephone call
hand-held phone
cell phone; cellphone
mobile/wireless phone
public pay phone
"The telephone (line) is dead."
to call again
call again; telephone again
43
call girl; "escort"
telephone directory assistance
phonecard
a faxed document
telephone number
phone number
phone number of a cellular telephone
(telephone) caller
telephone operator
telephone operator
to talk on the telephone
to answer the telephone
a TV program
to hang up the phone
wireless telegraph
to fax a document
television station
telephone directory
44
telephone directory book
telephone line
telephone number
dial a phone number
dial a phone number
telephone handpiece
the Telephone Organization
(Pali?) - to murder; kill; destroy; slay; execute;
[activity] killing
sterilization
suicide
ethnic cleansing
[writing, drawing] to cross out
[writing] to cross out
insecticide
murder
massacre
vengeange; revenge
murder
massacre
patricide, a father-killing
to kill or destroy
a murdering a tyrant
an executioner; a hangman
executioner; killer
matricide
a checking move in the game of chess
destroyer (naval ship)
ideals; principles
idealism
gymnastics
[the act of] sabotage
murder
48
activity
philanthropic act or deed
agriculture
industrial estate; industrial zone
murder
espionage
a painting
sin; demerit
war indemnity; war reparation
sculpture
[the process of] invention
invention (the idea or process of inventing)
circulation; distribution
manufacture
a person who controls his own fate or the fate of others.
behavior; conduct (what one does)
genetics
genetic engineering
rite; worship; ceremony
last will and testament
genetically modified plants
50
discourse
sabotage; ruin
misery from bad deeds; unjust deed; misfortune
engineering
the architect of the gods in Hindu mythology
bravery; boldness; intrepiditude
tragedy
[is] active
architecture
51
a religious rite, ceremony, or service
deed performed by Buddhist monks
childbirth; midwifery; obstretrics
cookery; cooking
genes
handicraft
death; demise; end; fate
death
to forgive; be at peace; be reconciled; come to terms
suicide; self-annihilation
crime
[general] industry
government official
editor
referee; umpire
52
managing director
commissioner
semi-official
servant; slave
committee; council
jury
a retired officer
an active officer
an office boy, a dispatch carrier
53
disk jockey; DJ; dee jay; d.j.
academician; scholar; academic; technocrat
businessman; business person
chairman; chairperson
manager
radio program host; disc jockey
assistant manager
operator (in general)
inspector
government inspectors (in various bureaus)
instigator; manipulator
commander in chief; commanding officer
businessman; business person
pilgrim(s); person on a religious pligrimage
governor; director; leader; administrator
governor
director; managing director (of a business)r
management staff
waiter; waitress
54
rector; head clergyperson
cook; food-maker; chef
vice-manager; assistant manager
vice-president of a corporation
deputy secretary general
Deputy Minister
Minister
secretary general
secretary
bargirl; female prostitute
abbot; director; headmaster
rector; head clergyperson
arbitrator; umpire
prosecutor
55