hiệp

Fluorit GVHD: Th.
s Nguyen Kim Hoang

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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
MUC LUC
MO DAU
PHAN I: TONG QUAN VE KHOANG SAN FLUORIT.
Chuong I: Tng Quan V Khoang San FIuorit.
I.1) Khai Ni"m
I.2) Tnh Cht
I.2.1) l Cng
I.2.2) T% Trng
I.2.3) Cat Khai Va Vet V
I.2.4) Chit Sut
I.2.5) Ph# Hp Thu
I.2.6) l!c li"m Phat Hunh Quang
I.2.6) Mt S Tnh Cht Khac C$a Fluorit
I.3) l!c li"m KhoangVt
I.4) l!c li"m Hoa Hc
I.5) Kinh T Nguyen Lieu Khoang
I.6) Cong Dung

PHAN II: NGUON GOC, IEU KIEN THANH TAO VA CAC
LOAI HNH KHOANG SAN FLUORIT.

Fluorit GVHD: Th.s Nguyen Kim Hoang

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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
Chng II: Cac Kieu Nguon Goc Va Kieu Mo Khoang Cong
Nghiep Cua Khoang San FIuorit.
II.1) Cac Kieu Mo Khoang
II.2) Cac Kieu Mo Cong Nghiep
Chng III: Nguon Goc Va ieu Kien Thanh Tao Khoang San
FIuorit.
III.1) Nguon Goc
III.2) ieu Kien Thanh Tao
PHAN III: CAC TIEN E, DAU HIEU TM KIEM VA PHNG
PHAP TM KIEM KHOANG SAN FLUORIT.
Chng IV : Tien e Tm Kiem.
IV.1) nh Ngha Va Phan Loai
IV,2) Cac Tien e Tim Kiem Cho Khoang San Fluorit
IV.2.1) Tien e Cau Truc Kien Tao
IV.2.2) Tien e Magma
IV.2.3) Tien e a Mao
IV.2.4) Tien e Nguon Bien Chat
Chng V : Dau Hieu Tm Kiem.
V.1 nh Ngha Va Phan Loai
V.2) Cac Dau Hieu Tim Kiem Fluorit
V.2.1) Vet Lo Quang


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
V.2.2) Cac Vanh Phan Tan Tang Lan Va Trong Sa
V.2.3) Cac i a Bien oai
V.2.4) Cac Dau Hieu a Hoa
V.2.5) Cac Dau Hieu Khac
Chng VI : Phng Phap Tm Kiem.
VI.1) Phan Loai
' Cac Phng Phap Tim Kiem Fluorit
VI.2.1) Phng Phap o Ve a Chat
VI.2.2) Phng Phap Tang Lan
VI.2.3) Phng Phap Khai ao va khoan
VI.2.4) Phng Phap Trong Sa
VI.2.5) Phng Phap a Hoa
VI.2.6) Phng Phap a Vat Ly

PHAN VI : CAC KIEU MO KHOANG FLUORIT VIET NAM.
Chng VII : Cac Kieu Mo Khoang Viet Nam.
VII.1) Kieau Mo Nhiet Dch Fluorit Barit at Hiem Lien Quan Vi
Cac a Xam Nhap Kiem Phc he Pusamcap (e62pc) Tuoai Paleogen
VII.2) Nhiet Dch Kieau Fluorit Thach anh Lien Quan Ti a Xam
Nhap Granit


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
VII.3) Nhiet Dch Kieau Fluorit Trong a Cacbonat
Chng VIII: Mo FIuorit Vung Xuan Lanh Tnh Phu Yen.
VIII.1) ac iem a Ly Kinh Te Va Nhan Van
VIII.2) ac iem a Chat Khu Vc Khai Thac
KET LUAN
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

MO DAU
Khoang san dong vai tro rt quan trong trong nn kinh t mi quc
gia, trong ca cong nghip ln nong nghip.mt trong s nhung khoang san
o co fluorit.
Tai Vit Nam cac nha a cht cng anh gia tru luong cua flourit
my chuc triu tn nm rai rac o cac mo qung nm o vung Tay Bc, ac
bit nhiu o Yen Bai va s t cac tinh min Trung va Nam. Cac mo
nay a va ang c khai thac. Chng han nhu mo fluorit Dng Pao nm
tren a phn Ban Hon, huyn Phong Th, tinh Lai Chau do cong ty TNHH


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
nha nuoc mt thanh vien khoang san 3 quan l khai thac. Mo Dng Pao
bao gm tren 30 than qung lon be.
Fluorit la ngun cung cp flo cho cac nghanh cong nghip khac
nhau cng nhu lam o trang sc, a quy..
Bai bao cao sau s cung cp mt s thong tin tuong oi ay u
v loai hnh khoang san nay tu tnh cht, ngun gc thanh tao en cong
dung, phan bo va cac du hiu, phuong phap tm kim.
Tuy rng a c gng tham khao cac tai liu co truoc nhung nhung
hiu bit cua em con han che va cac tai liu nghien cuu chua c
chuyen sau nen nhung thiu sot trong bai bao cao se kho ma
tranh khoi. em rt mong nhn c s giup va y kien ong gop
cua thy phu trach- Th.S Nguyn Kim Hoang e bai bao cao chuyen
e sau s co kinh nghim va hoan chinh hn. Va cuoi cung em xin
chan thanh cam on Thy va mt s Thy Co khac trong khoa a nhit
tnh giup em trong qua trnh thuc hin bai bao cao nay.

PHAN I: TONG QUAN VE KHOANG SAN FLUORIT.
Chuong I: Tng Quan V Khoang San FIuorit.
I.1) Khai Ni"m:
Fluorit la mot khoang vat a c biet en t hang ngan
nam trc. Luc au th ngi ta van cha biet ten goi cua no, cho
ti khi ngi Y tach kim loai ra khoi quang Fluorit th ho biet rang
khoang vat nay se ng dung trong nh la mot chat tr dung rat
tot. V the ten goi cua khoang vat fluorit xuat phat t tieng La
Tinh, Fluor co ngha la "Dong chay, bi v khi cho them fluorit vao


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
quang nau chay se lam x chay ra. Ket qua la de dang loai
bo chung. Nhng ngi th mo Saxony thi xa goi khoang vat
nay la " Hoa quang bi v chung luon ben canh quang a
quy. Tren th trng fluorit con co ten thng mai la "fluorospar.
Ten goi khac:
- Plavik: ten goi dan gian cua fluorit Nga.
- Ngoc luc bao Transvaal, ngoc luc bao Nam Phi hoac luc bao
gia (Fluorit Chau Phi mau xanh la cay).
Nhng ac ieam chnh: Fluorit la canxi fluoride, ay la mot loai
khoang vat kha phong phu ve mau sac, v the ma Fluorit con
c biet en vi ten goi khac la " khoang vat co nhieu mau
sac nhat the gii , ch ng sau thach anh. Cac mau pho bien
nhat la mau tm, xanh dng, xanh la cay, vang, va khong mau. t
gap hn la mau hong, o, trang, nau, en, va oi khi mot tinh
the fluorit co kha nang co the co bon hoac nam mau tao thanh
dai mau hay la i mau khac nhau ma ngi ta hay goi la cau
vong. Nguyen nhan tao ra cac mau khac nhau cua fluorit c xem
la do trong cau truc tinh the co lan tap chat.


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174

Hinh anh tinh the fluorit mau xanh luc

I.2) Tnh Cht:
Tnh chat quan trong e nhan dien fluorit la ty trong, chiet
suat, pho hap thu va ac iem phat huynh quang, ay cung la
nhng tieu ch dung e nhan dien a quy. Di ay la bang
tom tat nhng tnh chat c ban cua fluorit( bang .1).


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
Thanh phan CaF
2
Mau sac
Do, cam, vang,
luc, lam, tm,
gan en va
khong mau.
H tinh th Lp phuong Mu vt vch Trng
D trong sut
Trong sut en
trong mo
Da sc Khong
Hnh dng
Tam mt, lp
phuong.
Chit sut 1.434
D cng (Mohs) 4
Lung chit sut
va quang du
Khong
T trng
3.18 (+0.07, -
0.18).
Dtan sc #t yu (0.007)
Cat khai
Hoan toan theo
4 mt
Phat quang
Manh ( mau tm
phot luc)
Vt v
Vo s, khong
bng phng
Ph hp thu
FIuorit Ic: 6400,
6006, 5850,
5700, 5530,
5500, 4520,
4350.
FIuorit vang:
5450, 5150,
4900, 4700,
4520.
Anh Thuy tinh

ng I.1: tnh cht c$a fluorit


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
I.2.1) l Cng:
o cng la kha nang chong lai tac ong c hoc ben ngoai
cua vien a.Cac loai a quy khac nhau co gia tr o cng
khac nhau, phu thuoc vao thanh phan, cau truc tinh the va tnh
chat cac lien ket hoa hoc cua chung. Cac tinh the lien ket vi
ion thng co o cng thap va trung bnh, trong khi vi lien ket
ong hoa tr thng co o cng cao.
Nguoi ta thuong su dung phuong phap o cung tuong oi e kim
tra. o cng tng oi (con goi la o cng do vach) c xac
nh theo thang Mohs (ten nha khoang vat hoc ngi Ao a sang
che thang o cng tng oi, bang .2), gom 10 cap t 1 en 10
(Bang 3). Theo o, fluorit co o cng la 4. ay la o cng tng
oi mem nen fluorit rat hiem khi c mai giac do de v ma
thng mai tron anh bong s dung trong a my nghe la chu
yeu.
Cap Khoang vat Cong thc Phep th n gian
1 Talc Mg
3
[Si
4
O
10
](OH)
2

Mong tay co the vach
c
2 Thach cao CaSO
4
.2H
2
O
Mong tay co the vach
c
3 Calcit CaCO
3

Mui kim ong co the
vach c
4 Fluorit CaF
2

Mui kim thep co the vach
c
5 Apatite Ca
5
(PO
4
)
3
(F,Cl)
Mui kim thep co the vach
c
6 Orthoclas K[AlSi
3
O
8
] Vach c knh (thuy tinh)
7 Thach anh SiO
2


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
8 Topaz Al
2
[SiO
4
](F,OH)
2

9 Corundum Al
2
O
3

10 Kim cng C
ng I.2: Thang o cng tng oi Mohs
I.2.2) T% Trng:
Ty trong la mot trong nhng hang so vat ly co y ngha rat
ln trong giam nh. Ty trong cua cac khoang vat khac nhau th
rat khac nhau. D o ty trong cua fluorit th nguoi ta dung phuong phap
can thuy tinh e o ty trong cua no va kt qua cho c ty trong cua
fluorit la 3,18.
I.2.3) Cat Khai Va Vet V:
Fluorit co cat khai hoan toan theo 4 hng, tao khoi 8 mat,
song song vi cac mat cua hnh bat dien. Vet v vo so hoac
vet v khong bang phang.
I.2.4) Chit Sut:
Chiet suat cua moi trng tinh the c nh ngha la ty le
gia toc o anh sang truyen trong khong kh vi toc o anh
sang truyen trong tinh the. S giam van toc trong tinh the tao ra s
lech hng cua cac tia sang. S khuc xa anh sang xay ra khi
mot tia sang ri khoi mot moi trng va i vao moi trng khac
vi mot goc xien mat phan cach gia hai moi trng. Tinh the
fluorit ket tinh theo he lap phng nen ch co mot chiet suat duy
nhat la 1,434 (0.001).
I.2.5) Ph# Hp Thu:
Anh sang trang c tao nen t cac anh sang n sac
lien tuc t o en tm (co bc song t 400 en 700 nm). Khi anh


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
sang truyen qua vien a, do cac tac nhan tao mau trong cau truc
tinh the ma mot so mau quang pho se b cac tac nhan nay
hap thu va mau cua vien a c tao nen t s giao thoa cua
nhng thanh phan con sot lai cua anh sang ban au. Quang pho
cua anh sang sau khi i qua moi trng tinh the gom dai pho n
sac va cac vach toi hap thu (nh I.3).
Fluorit luc co cac pho hap thu: 6400, 6006, 5850, 5700, 5530,
5500, 4520, 4350.
Fluorit vang co cac pho hap thu: 5450, 5150, 4900, 4700, 4520.
nh I.3: Ph# hp thu c$a fluorit
I.2.6) l!c li"m Phat Hunh Quang:
Phat huynh quang cung la mot tnh chat quan trong trong
giam nh a quy. Ban chat hien tng phat huynh quang ve c
ban giong nh ban chat mau sac, trong o nguon kch thch thay v
la anh sang nhn thay th la cac bc xa ien t khac (tia cc tm,
tia X) hoac la nhiet o, ma sat, ien, tia am cc..
Khi cac vat lieu hap thu cac loai nang lng khac nhau, mot
t nang lng co the phong thch tr lai di dang anh sang. au
tien, nang lng dung lam cac electron cua nguyen t cau tao
nen vat lieu hap thu tr nen hoat ong va chuyen t quy ao
gan nhan ra quy ao xa hn. Sau o, electron phong thch nang


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
lng e tr lai trang thai ben ban au, mot photon anh sang
c giai phong.Khoang thi gian phong thch nay co the ngan
(be hn 1/100.000 cua mot giay) hoac dai (co the en nhieu
gi). Neu khoang thi gian la ngan, ta co hien tng phat huynh
quang; neu khoang thi gian dai, hien tng c goi la s phat
lan quang.
en cc co hai bc song c s dung e khao sat a
quy la 366nm (song dai) va 254nm (song ngan ). Fluorit phat
huynh quang thng rat manh ca 2 bc song, co anh sang
tm vi sac xanh luc ac trng (nh I.4). oi khi xuat hien lan
quang khi b nung hoac b ma sat. Nguyen nhan cua hien tng
phat huynh quang c cho la do Yttrium, ceri hoac chat hu c dau
kh co trong cau truc tinh the.

T "phat huynh quang con co nguon goc xuat phat t
viec nghien cu fluorit, v fluorit la mau au tien nghien cu co
tnh phat huynh quang. Mot cach phat sang khac cua fluorit o la
nhiet phat quang. Nhiet phat quang cung co kha nang phat sang
nh I.4: Fluorit phat quang manh mau tm -
luc.


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
khi b ot nong. Nhng khong phai tat ca nhng loai fluorit eu co
hien tng nay. Mot loai fluorit co ten la "cholorophane
(cholorophane co mau luc va ch tm thay Amelia Court House) co
tnh nhiet phat quang ngay ca khi mau cam tren tay vi sc nong
cua than nhiet c the ngi lam nhiet phat quang va quan sat
c trong phong toi. Nhiet phat quang co mau luc en mau
lam luc va co the nhiet o oc cung cap bi cuon day un nong
cua bep ien. Ngi ta thay tia loe huynh quang b nhat dan i va
sau o khong con thay na tren cung 1 mau. o goi la hien
tng phat huynh quang mot lan.
I.2.6) Mt S Tnh Cht Khac C$a Fluorit:
Tnh cht chua bnh: cac nha am hiu v no cho rng, fluorit la loai
a huyn b co kha nng loai bo stress, giai thoat khoi trm uat va gin
du. Cac nha thach hoc tri liu hin ai dung fluorit e chua cac bnh v
nao b va h tim mach. Nguoi ta noi rng fluorit co th chng lai cac bnh
so cung lan toa ve bnh ong kinh.
Tnh cht khac: Trong Yoga cua An D, fluorit c coi la mt trong
nhung khoang vt huyn b co suc manh nht. No giup ieu chinh tu duy
at toi trang thai yen tnh tam hn. D trang suc bng fluorit lam tng kha
nng phan tch cua nguoi chu. ...
I.3) l!c li"m KhoangVt:
Fluorit thuoc nhom halogenua, lp fluorua. ac tnh tinh the hoc
cua fluorit: ket tinh theo he lap phng. Dang oi xng bat dien
sau: 3L
4
4L
3
6L
2
9PC.
Kien truc tinh thea: #at ien hnh vi loai hp chat AX
2
. Cac ion flo
phan bo nh cua o mang lap phng.on canxi trung tam
cua 8 o mang lap phng nho( anh .5)


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174

Moi ion canxi co 8 ion flo bao quanh (so phoi tr cua canxi la 8)
va moi ion flo co 4 ion canxi bao quanh (so phoi tr cua flo la 4) hay
con goi la kien truc kieu fluorit.
Hnh dang tinh thea: Dang quen cua fluorit la dang khoi lap
phng va hiem hn la hnh bat dien eu c cho la hnh thanh
nhiet o cao hn dang khoi lap phng (nh I.6), tren cac mat
cua lap phng th lang va rang r con cac mat bat dien th
nham va m. oi khi cac mat cua hnh lap phng co dang gach
lat (nh I.7)
Thng co song tinh theo mat (111) (nh V.3). Trong t nhien ta
hay gap cac dang tap hp ac xt, dang tinh am, con hiem hn la
dang at, co khi dang cot, dang toc.
nh I.5: Kin truc tinh th" c$a fluorit
a) Biu din theo phi tr ion; b) Biu din theo phi tr da din
(cac ion F vong trng; cac ion Ca chm en nm chnh giua cac lp phuong)


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174

I.4) l!c li"m Hoa Hc:
Fluorit co cong thc hoa hoc la CaF
2
, trong o: Ca: 51,33%; F:
48,67% (oi khi F b thay the ong hnh bi Cl). Lan trong fluorit con
co bitum (von gay ra mui kho chu khi nung), Fe
2
O
3
, U, La, He va
nhom T# (bao gom Er, Sm, Dy, Pr, Nd,.), Cerium (Ce) va Yttrium (Y)
co the thay the ti ty so (Ce, Y): Ca = 1:6. Fluorit thc te khong
hoa tan trong nc, nhng b phan ra het trong axit H
2
SO
4
manh va
tiet ra kh HF, cung nh b tac dung nhe bi HNO
3
va HCl.
Fluorit ma tinh khiet th khong mau va trong vat, nhng thng
la co lan tap chat nhuom cho mau tm, vang, luc, xanh da tri,
pht hong, trang sa vi vo van sac thai khac nhau, tham ch
nh I.6: Cac tinh the cua
fluorit
nh I.7: Song tinh c$a
fluorit


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
co khi nhuom mau o va tm ngat. Mau sac nay se b bien oi
neu fluorit b e ep hoac b chieu tia radi, tia am cc, tia rnghen, tia
cc tm. Mot ieu la la un nong len th mau mat i, nhng neu doi
tia X vao th mau lai tai xuat hien. Trong cac tinh the khong mau,
co the lam cho mau tm xuat hien vi tac dung cua hi canxi kim
kh va kh ien. ieu nay gi cho ta biet la mau nhieu do cac
nguyen t trung hoa Ca va F xuat hien trong mang tinh the.
Fluorite tao ra do ion (Ca
2+
) va ion (F
-
) sap xep luan phien nhau.
on dng Ca
2+
b ion am F
-
bao quanh va ngc lai.ien tch (+) hut
ien tch () tao ra lc lien ket manh trong tinh the.Khi trang thai
tinh khiet, fluorit trong suot, con mau sac fluorite la do khuyet
iem trong mang tinh the goi la tam mau. Khi fluorite c ban pha
bi tia phong xa mang nang lng cao (tia vu tru t ngoai khong
gian hay tia gamma t cac nguon phong xa) ion fluorine co the b
ban ra khoi tinh the tao thanh mot hong. Luc gi tinh the khong
con trung hoa ien tch na: v no thieu ien tch am. e tr ve
trang thai can bang, no thu hut ien t nao gan o trong mang
tinh the va gan chat vao trong hong. Nh ien t thay the v tr
ion fluoride b di cho, ien tch dng va ien tch am trong tinh the
c can bang, va ien t b gi chat tai cho bi cac ion
calcium dng vay quanh. Ket qua la ien t hoan toan thay the
ion fluoride luc au. ien t b bay lai tao nen mau cho fluorite
c goi la "tam mau.Mot tam mau tao ra mau cung giong y
nh tap chat tao mau tinh the ruby vay. Tam mau con co the
hien dien trang thai kch thch, va nang lng can thiet e at
en trang thai kch thch o ngang bang vi nang lng cua hat
quang t anh sang vung kha kien. Tam mau hap thu nang lng
dang quang t photons trong vung pho mau vang bang cach


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
chuyen len trang thai kch thch cua no; trong tinh the luc gi (sau
khi hap thu ) se thay con lai mau cua fluorit.
Tam mau phc tap nay bao gom cac nguyen to at hiem
va hoac la oxygen ket hp tao ra cac mau khac nhau. o la
nguyen to yttrium ket hp vi tam fluoride tao ra mau lam, yttrium va
cerium cung ton tai ket hp vi tam fluoride se tao ra mau vang
sac luc, tam YO
2
tao ra mau hong, phan t O
3
-
tao ra mau vang.
Cac ion at hiem hoa tr 2 cung gop phan trong viec hnh thanh
cac mau sac khac nhau cua fluorit. V du nh: cation Sm
3+
se tao ra
mau luc cua fluorit, hoac s co mat cua Eu
2+
la nguon goc cua
s phat huynh quang. Di ay la hnh ve minh hoa s tao ra tam
mau cua fluorit (Hnh I.8).

Hinh I.8: Hinh ve minh hoa tam mau
cua fluorit.


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SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
Fluorite tinh khiet trong suot (Hinh ), cac ion Ca
2+
va F
-
sap xep luan phien nhau trong mang tinh the.
Trong hinh , ion F
-
a b di cho.Khoang trong b bo lai c
bao quanh bi cac ion Ca
2+
mang ien tch dng, va hap lc manh
me en cac ien t (electrons). Cac ien t khi a i vao cho
hong se b bay lai, tao thanh tam mau, gay nen mau va mau
nay se tuy thuoc vao tng loai tap chat ma se tao ra cac mau
sac khac nhau cua fluorit. Danh t "tam F ong ngha vi "tam
mau theo tieng c la "Fabre(co ngha la mau).
I.5) Kinh T Nguyen Lieu Khoang:
Cac mo fluorit ln co tr lng ln hn 3 trieu tan CaF
2
, mo trung
bnh th t 1-3 trieu tan, mo nho < 1 trieu tan. Tr lng mo fluorit
cua the gii( 35% CaF
2
) khoang 270 trieu tan, trong o 25% thuoc
ve Nam Phi; 12,5% - Mexico; 7%- Anh; khoang 5% cua My, Lien Xo,
Kenia, t hn na co Phap, Y. Tr lng trien vong flo khoang 80
trieu tan, co lien quan ti phosphorit khoang 360 trieu tan. San
xuat fluorit the gii nam 1978 khoang 4,6 trieu tan. Trong o, Mexico
chiem 20%; Lien Xo hn 10%; Tay Ban Nha 8%; Nam Phi, Trung Quoc,
Mong Co, Phap, Thai Lan, Anh, Y la 5%.
Sau ay la vai net ve nen cong nghiep fluorit cac nc t
ban:
Dan au khai thac fluorit trong cac nc t ban la Mehico
(354.000 tan nam 1957) va My (299.000 tan nam 1956); sau en
talia, Tay c, Phap, Anh, Tay Ban Nha va Canada.
Tr lng quang fluorit (loai cha 35% CaF
2
) a tham do c
tai mot so nc nh sau:


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My + Canada + Mehico : 21 trieu tan
nh : 4
Tay Ban Nha : 4
Tay c : 2
Italia : 2
Phap : 1
Hi Lap : 0.5
Thuy S : 0.5
Thuy iean : 0.5
Cong : 35.5 trieu tan
Mot lng ln nhat fluorit c danh e san xuat axit
fluohydric va dung trong luyen thep. Tai My, hai nganh cong nghiep
ay ngon gan 85% tong nhu cau fluorit cua nc nay. My la nc
mua nhieu nhat fluorit t Mehico, Canada va chau Au.e danh
c nguon nguyen lieu khoang co gia tr chien lc ay, chnh
phu My khuyen khch nhap quang tinh fluorit bang cach giam thue
quan cho mat hang nay. Nam 1956, My phai mua ve 440.500 tan
fluorit vi gia nh sau:
T 27.56 USD/ tan fluorit "luyen kim cua Mehico (loai cha
72.5% CaF
2
) en 57.32 USD/tan fluorit "axit chau Au.

I.6) Cong Dung:


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Ke t sau chien tranh the gii th , F bat au c ng
vao hang ngu nhng nguyen lieu co tam c chien lc, ben
canh B, Mg, Li, Be, T# va cac nguyen to phan tan khac.
Trong nen cong nghiep hoa chat, fluorit c dung e san
xuat acid flohidric (HF) lam chat oxi hoa cac gieng dau, mo
khoang, alkyn hoa dau mo, tay ra gach va a, ma ien, tay boc
cac lp men trang, san xuat cac chat cha flo, anh bong va
khac mon thuy tinh, tay r va chat ban hp kim ong, thep
khong g, che tao dung moi hu c chu acid. T fluorit che ra cac
mat hang cha F nh; cac muoi florua gom Criolit- Na
3
AlF
6
; florua
nhom- AlF
3
va florua natri- NaF cho nghanh san xuat nhom, tam o
go e chong muc cung nh trong cong nghiep gom s e trang
men... Chnh acid flohidricnthif dung e tam mon knh, tay sach
graphit, lam chat ien phan boflohidric trong cong nghe ma ch cho
nhng chi tiet cua ong c may bay, cung nh trong ong hoa hu
c. Fluorit con c lam chat tr dung trong luyen kim va trong
nghanh san xuat xi mang, cung nh e nau ra cac loai thuy tinh
chong on. Nhng tinh the fluorit trong vat th c dung e che tao
dung cu quang hoc. Tren th trng the gii, fluorit hang hoa
thng c gan cho nhng ten goi phan anh cong dung cua
chung. o la:
- Fluorit acid ( dung e san xuat acid flohidric)
- Fluorit tr dung ( dung trong luyen kim va nau thuy tinh)
- Fluorit gom ( dung lam men trang trong nghe gom)
- Fluorit quang ( dung trong k nghe quang hoc)
Floberinat natri ( Na
2
BeF
4
+ NaBeF
3
) la chat phu gia Be cho hp kim
mage. Fluorua liti (LiF) hoac hon hp fluorua Li va K la chat giup
chay trong cong nghiep han nhom. Cac lang knh fluorua Li c


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dung trong ghi pho sieu o. Fluorua Bo (BF
3
) va cac che pham cua
no c dung lam cac chat xuc tac hoat trong moat loat phan
ng ong hoa hu c va ong hoa cac chat dau mo( trung hp
hoa, ankil hoa, ong phan hoa, hao ngng, phan huy..). Trong
ky thuat nguyen t, kh HF gi vai tro trong viec ieu che UF
4
va
UF
6
e san xuat ra nguon nang lng phong xa U
235
. Trong cong
nghiep ien, fluorua lu huynh( SF
6
) la chat kh cach ien cho cac
thiet b cao Von. Mot lng ln Silic fluorua la c ieu che t
khoi cha flo trong qua trnh san xuat phan lan thai ra. Va con
nhieu hp chat cua flo va ng dung rong rai khac cua chung
trong cac nghanh cong nghiep hien nay.
Fluorit lam chat tr dung va chat gay khoang hoa. Ten fluorit
bat nguon t ch latinh " fluere( ngha la chay). Y noi rang no
la mot chat giup chay( tr dung). Qua nhien that, fluorit la mot
chat tr dung ac lc trong luyen kim en, nhat la trong quy trnh
Mactanh baz, quy trnh lo ien( nau thep va mot vai hp kim fero),
quy trnh lo ng( nghe uc), cung nh trong nghe nau thuy tinh va
nghe ban ien cung la. Trong moi nghanh se oi hoi nhng
tieu chuan khac nhau cua fluorit.
Lam chat tieu on cho thuy tinh va men trang: Nghanh cong
nghiep nay oi hoi loai quang florit pham chat cao. Chang nhng
CaF
2
ma ca NaF va cac fluorua khac cung co tac dung tieu on
cho thuy tinh.Ham lng F trong thuy tinh tieu on khong di 3-5%,
tham ch khong di 8-10% neu la thuy tinh tan xa. Men danh
trang o thep va o gang thc chat la mot th thuy tinh tieu on
de nong chay cha en 6-12% F.
Lam vat lieu quang hoc: Nhng tinh the fluorit trong vat va ong
nhat quang hoc ( fluorit quang) co kha nang khuc xa anh sang vi


22
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o tan mat thap nhat ( v fluorit co ch so khuc xa thap nhat va
kha on nh oi vi cac o dai song khac nhau), cho thoat het
cac tia sieu o va sieu tm, va khong co hien tng lng chiet.
Cho nen ngi ta dung fluorit quang e che ra cac vat knh tieu
sac cho knh hien vi, lang knh cho may ghi pho, cac ban trong may
phat song ngan.. V trong t nhien rat hieu cac tinh the fluorit
quang c ln nen nhieu nc a tm cach tao ra chung. Nam 1937
Lien Xo a thanh cong trong viec nay. Ngi ta chon nhng tinh
the fluorit t nhien, got sach tap chat roi a nuoi ln trong chat
CaF
2
nong chay co pha them fluorua Cd at trong mot lo chan
khong nung nong khoang 1100
o
( lo nay che t graphit hoac
molipden co tac dung kh oxi e ngan nga xuat hien chat CaO;
chat phu gia fluorua Cd co tac dung kh oxi, hi canxi va chat CaF
2
d tha). T qui trnh cong nghe tren ay, ngi ta che tao ra c
nhng tinh the fluorit anh ngang vi hang tot nh cua fluorit t
nhien.


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PHAN II: NGUON GOC, IEU KIEN THANH TAO VA CAC
LOAI HNH KHOANG SAN FLUORIT.
Chng II: Cac Kieu Nguon Goc Va Kieu Mo Khoang Cong
Nghiep Cua Khoang San FIuorit.
II.1) Cac Kieu Mo Khoang:
Fluorit co mat trong a magma, trong pecmatit, trong a kh
thanh, trong cac thanh tao nhiet dch t sau en nong, t o
nong cao en o nong thap, cung nh trong can bien va trong va
lu huynh t sinh nguon goc tram tch. Song tat ca cac mo fluorit
cong nghiep th eu thuoc kieu nhiet dch va gan bo vi hoat
ong magma xam nhap (ch khong phai magma phun trao). Tai
mo nhiet dch sau, fluorit cong sinh vi topaz, beryl, canxiterit, vonfamit,
mica. Tai mo nhiet dch co o nong thap, kem theo fluorit co
sunfua kim loai nang, xinoba, stibinit va kaolin. Ngi ta cha he thay
au thanh phan khoang cua than quang fluorit phu thuoc thang
vao a vay quanh (Lavrovich, 1956).
Hnh thai cua fluorit trc het la dang mach va mang mach
(do v thu hut vao phay pha kien tao kieu vun v) va dang va,
dang tang hoac la nhng than veo vo.
V du ve mo kieau mach la cac mo fluorit Zaibaican va
Trung A (Lien Xo), nhieu mo My, cac mo ban ao Burin
(Niufonlen), Anh, hang loat mo c, Nam Phi..
Mo fluorit dang va th thu hut vao vom nep loi( thc chat la
cac mach dang yen nga), ben canh o con co cac than veo vo
bau lay xung quanh (mot so mo Lien Xo, mot loat mo


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Marico thuoc Nam Phi, cac mo ln bang linoi thuoc My, mo
Decbisia Anh..).
Mo kieau veo vo th c cau t nhng o nho, thau knh,
tui.phan bo hon on (v c thanh tao do hau qua thay the a
voi hoac nhoi ay cac khoang trong ra lua (cac mo ong
Xibia)). Chung c khai thac nham lam fluorit quang.
II.2) Cac Kieu Mo Cong Nghiep:
1.Quang thach anh fluorit, c cau t 40 50% thach anh (va
ca canxedon). Kem theo fluorit co mot lng nho barit, cacbonat va
sunfua.
2.Quang sunfua fluorit. ay fluorit i cung vi sunfua cua
kim loai nang (Pb, Zn,..).
3.Quang cacbonat fluorit. Kha san, c cau t 30% canxit (hoac
hn) vi mot lng nho thach anh. Kem theo co galenit va sfalerit.
Th a voi mang xam tan nho flo thuoc kieu quang nay.
4.Quang barit fluorit, c cau t 10 40% barit (hoac hn) cung
mot lng nho thach anh va canxedon. Kem theo co mot lng ln
sunfua (pyrit, galenit, sfalerit). Tai cac mo c a khai cung mot
luc ca barit, sunfua kim loai va fluorit. Tai mot so mo My, kem
theo fluorit co khai thac ca galenit, sfalerit. Hoac ngc lai tai Anh,
ngi ta khai thac fluorit t bai thai cua cac mo ch.
5.Quang barit canxit fluorite. ay ngoai ra co them canxit.
6.Quang barit fluorit mang khoang hoa Fe. ay ngoai ra
con co hematite va xiderite.
7.Quang Sn W fluorite va Sn Tuamalin fluorit.


25
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8.Quang Siliat fluorit va Silicat Canxit fluorit. ay ngoai
fluorit co mica, canxit, apatit, sfalerit, asenpyrit, thach anh, tuamalin. Nh
vay th ca Be va Li cung co cac chat co ch i kem.
9.Quang Sb Hg fluorit. ay con co ca thach anh va
fluorit th c khai thac kem theo Sb va Hg (cac mo Mehico).
10.Quang U fluorit. Nam thanh than mach, than ong, c cau
t thach anh, cacbonat, biotit, sunfua Cu va Pb.
Ngi ta co tm thay fluorit ca cac mo W M
o
, mo kim loai
hiem, mo quang Fe,.
Trong cong nghiep con phan biet ra quang " fluorit quang- mot
loai fluorit trong vat va tinh khiet dung trong nghanh san xuat dung
cu quang hoc.
Fluorit con c khai thac kem theo parizit - Ce
2
Ca(CO
3
)
2
F
2
va
batnezit CeCO
3
F, tai nhng mo thu hut vao xicnit nefelin ( mo
Mauntin Pax bang Califonia ham lng batnezit at ti 5-15%). Va
ay chnh fluorit thng cha mot lng at hiem (T#). Trong qua
trnh nhiet dch, at hiem ben chat vi fluorit en mc cho phep
ghi nhan c moi tng quan thang tap gia cac tr so ham lng
cua chung. Cho nen trong cong nghiep gan ay con phan biet ra
quang batnezit- fluorit- xiderit, va batnezit- fluorit- hematite. Ham lng Fe
trong cac kieu quang nay co the cao en mc cho phep khai thac
nham vao quang sat( GinzobuaA.,1959)
oi hoi ve ham lng CaF
2
trong quang cong nghiep: Thc
tien cho thay, mot mo fluorit co gia tr oc lap neu ay quang
cha khong di 30% CaF
2
. Nhng tren thc te, ngoai fluorit ra con
lay c ca cac chat co ch khac. Cho nen ch tieu ham lng
fluorit cong nghiep co the thap hn the nhieu va c quy nh cho


26
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tng trng hp cu the. Lavrovich N. (1956) e ngh phan biet ra:
quang fluorit ngheo (khi cha 30 40 % CaF
2
); quang fluorit va (khi
cha 40 60% CaF
2
); quang fluorit giau (khi cha 60 85% CaF
2
); va
quang fluorit rat giau (khi cha tren 85% CaF
2
).
Chng III: Nguon Goc Va ieu Kien Thanh Tao Khoang San
FIuorit.
III.1) Nguon Goc:
Fluorit co nguon goc chu yeu la nhiet dch: no thng la
khoang vat phu i theo cac quang trong mach. Co the thay cong
sinh vi rat nhieu khoang vat khac nhau co nguon goc nhiet dch.
Co mat trong mot vai loai a tram tch, nhng khong thanh
khoi tap trung ln. V la chat kho hoa tan, CaF
2
la chat au tien
tach ra khoi dung dch, oi khi vi dang vo nh hnh. V vay khong
co g la neu ta thay mot t fluorit trong nhng tram tch hoa hoc au
tien nh thach cao, anhyrit, canxit, olomit. oi khi ta thay no la
khoang vat tan tao trong i oxy hoa cua cac khoang sang
quang.
Co nguon goc kh hoa trong greizen.
Viet Nam fluorit co Phia Oac, mau tm pht luc, co tinh
the ln ti 5 6cm. Xuan Lanh (Phu Yen) thay fluorit dang
khoi, hat na t hnh mau xanh, luc nhat, tm nam trong to hp cua
cac thanh tao nhiet dch cung vi thach anh, canxit.
Nhng khoang sang ln tren the gii Anh, My, Kazactan,
Ukraina, Zaibaican (Nga).


27
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III.2) ieu Kien Thanh Tao:
Theo so lieu cua Vinogradop A. (1956) th F co tr so clark la
6,6.10
-2
. Ham lng trung bnh cua F la 10-2 trong a sieu baz; 3,7.
10-2 trong a baz; 5.10-2 trong a trung tnh ( diorite, andesit) va a
tram tch ( set, a phien) va 8.10-2 trong a acid. Co the gap mot
lng nho hp chat cua F trong nc t nhien, trong at, trong c
the sinh vat, trong kh nui la.
Trong qua trnh hoat ong magma va sau magma, mot lng
ln fluorua kim loai von de boc hi nen tham gia vao qua trnh kh
thanh nhiet dch, tao ra nhng tch tu ln nhat va giau nhat cau
fluorua ca va Al.
Ngc lai, trong ieu kien ngoai sinh tch tu chu yeu cluorua va
iodua, con fluorua ch tao ra c nhng tch tu chang ang la bao
Tuy vao tng ieu kien thanh tao ma hnh thanh nen cac
kieu khoang vat khac nhau:
- Fluorit thng tu thanh am hat tho hoac mn, co cau tao
ac xt, hoac dang at, co khi dang coat, dang toc hay dang
am cung tam. oi khi la nhng tinh the trong suot hay co
mau sac rat ep.
- Ytrofluorit la loai fluorit ma trong o mot lng Ca b thay the
bi mot lng Y( ytori); oi khi co lan ca Ce; co mau vang
gu, tm hoac lam, co phan nang hn, cng hn va ch so
khuc xa cao hn chut t so vi fluorit
- Clorofan thc chat la loai fluorit khi nung th phat quang mau luc
gat


28
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- #atopkit la loai fluorit tram tch hat nho nh bui, co mau lam
nht pht tm. Ngi ta tm thay cac tia lp va cac am
ratopkit trong a voi dolomite hoa.
PHAN III: CAC TIEN E, DAU HIEU TM KIEM VA PHNG
PHAP TM KIEM KHOANG SAN FLUORIT.
Chng IV : Tien e Tm Kiem.
IV.1) nh Ngha Va Phan Loai:
Tien e tm kiem hay con goi la cac tieu chuan a chat tm
kiem. Tuy nhien, tien e tm kiem c nhieu nha khoa khoc nh
ngha va phan loai khac nhau nh V. M Crayche( 1960), V. Granhicov(
1959- 1965), V. Smirnov. Trong o, ieu tra ddiacj chat hien nay cua
chung ta chia ra 7 tien e chnh: 1- a tang, 2- Nham tng tram tch,
3- Cau truc- kien tao, 4- Magma, 5- a mao, 6- Vo phong hoa, 7-
Nguon bien chat.
Can lu y trong tm kiem khoang san nao o, cac tien e
tm kiem nh: a tang, a mao, a hoa, nguon bien chat co the
tr thanh dau hieu tm kiem. oi vi khoang san fluorit th chung
ta co the s dung cac tien e sau e tm kiem: tien e cau
truc- kien tao, tien e magma, tien e nguon bien chat, tien e
a mao...
IV,2) Cac Tien e Tim Kiem Cho Khoang San Fluorit:
IV.2.1) Tien e Cau Truc Kien Tao:
Thc chat cua tien e cau truc- kien tao la viec s dung
cac boi canh kien tao va cac yeu to kien truc, cau tao cua vo
trai at cho viec d bao va tm kiem khoang san. Tien e cau


29
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truc- kien tao co y ngha ac biet trong viec d bao va tm kiem
khoang san noi sinh, trong o co fluorit.
Khoang san fluorit thng xuat hien cac i hut chm hay
cac i va cham mang, ni ma co s hoat ong cua magma i
len. Chung ta cung can chu y en cac yeu to kien truc bien
dang nh khe nt va t gay v chung anh hng en qua trnh
thanh tao fluorit.
IV.2.2) Tien e Magma:
Thc chat cua tien e magma la s dung thanh phan va
ieu kien thanh tao cua cac a magma e d bao va tm kiem
khoang san.Tien e magma the hien moi lien quan gia khoang
san noi sinh vi cac thanh tao xam nhap va phun trao.
oi vi khoang san fluorit c hnh thanh chu yeu t
nguon goc trong cac a kiem va a kiem, cho nen viec tm kiem
khoang san nay ch nen tap trung vao hai loai a tren.
Khi tm kiem cac khoang san noi chung va fluorit noi rieng
can tap trung xem xet thanh phan, tuoi, ac tnh thach hoa va
ieu kien thanh tao cac phc he xam nhap nay. Nhng bien
oi sau mag ma cung can xem xet ky lng v chung cung la mot
tien e quan trong cho viec tm kiem khoang san fluorit.
IV.2.3) Tien e a Mao:
Thc chat cua tien e a mao la s dung ac iem hnh
dang cua a hnh hien tai va chon vui e d bao va tm kiem
khoang sang. No chu yeu c dung cho cac khoang sang ngoai
sinh nhng cung giup ch cho mot so khoang san noi sinh, trong o
co fluorit. Fluorit thng c hnh thanh trong cac i granit b


30
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greizen hoa, hay thng i kem vi cac mach thach anh. Qua trnh
hnh thanh khong lien quan en a hnh, thng hay tao ra cac
dang a hnh dng, fluorit kho b phong hoa v co o cng cao nen
chung c bao ton tot.
Viec xac lap tien e a mao can da tren c s phan tch
ban o a hnh, anh may bay, ban o a chat- a vat ly va
cac so lieu a mao khac.
IV.2.4) Tien e Nguon ien Chat:
La viec s dung nguon goc gay bien chat va tng bien
chat cua cac a bien chat hay noi cach khac la s dung thanh
phan va ieu kien thanh tao cac a bien chat e tm kiem
khoang san trong vung a bien chat. Tien e nay cung ap dung
tot cho khoang san fluorit v ban than khoang san nay co nguon
goc nhiet dch, i o se co nhng tng bien chat e lam tien
e cho viec tm kiem. Thng th o la bien chat tiep xuc trao
oi, cac a b bien oi do tac dung nhiet cau khoi magma ang
nong chay vi a vay quanh va kem theo s trao oi thanh phan
vat chat nh a greizen, a skarn.
Ngoai cac tien e tren, chung ta co the s dung mot so
tien e khac nh: tien e a hoa, tien e vat ly, tien e bien
chat trao oi vi a vay quanh...
Chng V : Dau Hieu Tm Kiem.
V.1 nh Ngha Va Phan Loai:
+ nh Ngha:


31
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Dau hieu a chat tm kiem la nhng hoan canh a chat
hay khong a chat ch ra trc tiep hay gian tiep ieu kien tm
thay khoang san trong vo trai at( Crayche, 1961)
+ Phan Loai:
Cac dau hieu a chat tm kiem chung minh rang, trong vung
chac chan co quang hoac t ra khoang hoa, nh vay, dau hieu tm
kiem la nhng yeu to a chat ch s co mat cua khoang san
bao gom dau hieu trc tiep va dau hieu gian tiep. Ngi ta phan
ra cac dau hieu nh sau:
- Cac dau hieu khoang vat: vet lo quang( than khoang), cac
vanh phan tan trong sa, cac i a bien oi.
- Cac dau hieu tm kiem a hoa: cac vanh phan tan thach a
hoa nguyen sinh, cac vanh phan tan thach hoc a hoa th
sinh, cac d thng thuy a hoa, cac d thng kh a hoa,
thc vat ch th.
- Cac d thng a vat ly: t, xa, ien, trong lc, a chan..
Tuy nhien khong phai luc nao cung co the de dang vach nh
c gii han gia cac tien e tm kiem va dau hieu tm kiem.
Gia chung hoan toan co kha nang hoan v.
V.2) Cac Dau Hieu Tim Kiem Fluorit:
Da vao nhng ac iem than khoang va ieu kien thanh
tao ma chung ta co cac dau hieu e tm kiem fluorit nh: vet lo
quang, cac vanh phan tan tang lan va trong sa, cac i a
bien oi, cac dau hieu a hoa..
V.2.1) Vet Lo Quang:


32
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Vet lo quang khoang san hay vet lo than khoang san la
dau hieu tm kiem khoang san trc tiep va ang tin cay nhat. V
vay viec phat hien cac vet lo nh vay la mot trong nhng nhiem
vu c ban cua cong tac tm kiem. Thong thng th vet lo fluorit
la vet lo de nhan biet. Nhng vet lo cua fluorit thng tap trung
cao, phan bo cung kha rong rai, no kha bean vng, t b bien
oi, thng co dang mach hay khoi, i kem vi cac khoang san
nh barit, thach anh..
V.2.2) Cac Vanh Phan Tan Tang Lan Va Trong Sa:
Vanh phan tan tang lan gom nhng manh v quang goc,
kch thc t 1 en vai cm, co khi en tram cm. vanh phan tan
trong sa la vanh phan tan cac khoang vat quang co t trong ln
va bean vng trong moi trng phong hoa hoa hoc. ay cung la
cac dau hieu trc tiep dung e tm kiem khoang san , ac biet
co y ngha oi vi a hnh phan cach.
oi vi fluorit, la mot khoang vat nang, kha ben vng trong
ieu kien th sinh nen co the da vao cac vanh trong sa va sa
khoang e lam dau hieu tm kiem cho loai khoang san nay. Fluorit
la mot khoang vat tng oi nang, de b mai mon trong qua trnh
di chuyen, no thng tap trung phan thap cua mat cat tram
tch, ay la ac iem can lu y khi tm kiem khoang san nay.
Ngoai ra can da vao to hp cac khoang vat cong sinh trong cac
vanh phan tan e d oan nguon goc cua fluorit nh: calcedon,
calcite, barit, fluorit, asenopyrit, sphalerit, galenit to hp nhng khoang
vat nay th ta co the suy ra no co nguon goc cac khoang sang
vien nhiet.
V.2.3) Cac i a ien oi:


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Cac bien oi cua a vay quanh va c xem nh la tien
e tm kiem ac biet( theo V. Xmirnov); ong thi, co the xem nh
la dau hieu tm kiem. Nhng bien oi tiep xuc va bien oi
nhiet dch cua a vay quanh la vo cung quan trong nhng la tien
e hoac dau hieu tm kiem tng oi n gian. Cac i bien oi
cua a nam trung vi cac vanh phan tan nguyen sinh cung la
mot dau hieu tm kiem.
Fluorit la mot khoang san co nguon goc nhiet dch nen no
the hien rat ro cac i bien oi trong qua trnh thanh tao nh:
Greizen hoa, qua trnh bien chat trao oi Greizen hoa, Argilit hoa.
Nhng i bien oi nay rat de nhan biet ngoai thc a nh co
mau sac, dien phan bo rong, thng bao quanh than quang goc
nen de dang cho viec tm kiem.
Greizen hoa: la qua trnh bien oi nhiet dch cac a granit
tao ra a co thanh phan thach anh va mica( thng la loai cha
Liti) va cac khoang vat co ham lng thay oi nh : topaz, turmalin,
fluorit, hoac cac khoang vat giau F va B khac( Burt, nam 1981).
Trong i greizen nay ta co the co c cac mach fluorit i kem
vi cac khoang san khac.
Qua trnh bien chat trao oai greizen hoa: la greizen phat trien
trong granit, ryolit nh la san pham bien chat trao oi gan quang.
Trong giai oan nay chung ta co the co c cac mach thach anh-
fluorit i kem vi wolframit.
rgilit hoa: chu yeu la qua trnh trao oi gan mat at
(chu yeu 1,5- 2 km) vi nhiet o thap( chu yeu 75- 200o) va
thng phat trien tren cac a phun trao trung tnh- felsic, trong cac
vung hoat ong nui la giau chat kh fluorua, solfatara. Nen fluorit


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cung c thanh tao nhng ch ong vai tro la nhng khoang vat
phu.
Serisit hoa: la qua trnh thay the plagioclase, felspat kali, cac
khoang vat mau va cac khoang vat khac trong a bang serisit.
Qua trnh nay xay ra trong khi t bien chat, cac dung dch nhiet
dch tac ong len a. No ac trng cho fluorit va cung nh cac
khoang san sulfur kim loai khac.
Dolomite hoa: la qua trnh cac a c lam giau dolomite th
sinh, bang cach no thay the cac a nguyen sinh va lap ay cac
hang, hoc, khe nt vv. qua trnh nay phat trien manh nhat trong
cac tang a cacbonat; trong o, a voi la loai chu yeu chu tac
ong cua qua trnh nay. Kem theo qua trnh nay ta co the co
c fluorit va cac khoang san i kem nh barit, quang sidesit.

V.2.4) Cac Dau Hieu a Hoa:
Thc chat dau hieu a hoa la s dung cac vanh phan
tan (d thng a hoa) e d bao va tm kiem khoang san. Da
vao ham lng nguyen to F cao hn va bao quanh cac khoang
sang, t o co lien quan ti nguon goc hnh thanh va pha huy
cua fluorit e tao ra c cac vanh phan tan. Cac vanh phan tan
co the la vanh phan tan nguyen sinh va vanh phan tan th
sinh, va da tren c s o chung ta co the khoanh vung va tm
kiem fluorit.
V.2.5) Cac Dau Hieu Khac:


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Ngoai cac dau hieu noi tren con co the ap dung mot so
dau hieu khac nh: cac dau hieu a vat ly, cac ong a o
cua cac cong trnh khai thac xa, cac tai lieu co hay ten cua
vung...
Chng VI : Phng Phap Tm Kiem.
VI.1) Phan Loai:
Trong tm kiem khoang san, ngi ta dung nhieu phng phap
tm kiem khac nhau. oi vi tng loai khoang san cu the, se co
to hp nhng phng phap tm kiem khac nhau mot cach cu the.
Cac phng phap nay co the bao gom t truyen thong en hien
ai. Cac nha khoa hoc phan chia theo nhieu kieu khac nhau nh :
V.M Crayche, V.V Aristov... Hien nay, co 7 phng phap tm kiem
khoang san co the phan ra nh sau:
Phng phap o ve a chat: la da tren viec o ve, lap
ban o a chat, nghien cu cac ieu kien thanh tao va quy
luat phan bo khoang san. Thc chat cua phng phap nay la lo
trnh khao sat a chat ieu tra khoang san, nghien cu vet lo
quang, ong thi lay mau phan tch.
Phng phap tang lan : la phng phap co nhat con gi
c en ngay nay va ap dung cho khu vc mien nui. Phng phap
nay da vao viec phat hien va khoanh nh cac dien tch phat
trien tang a lan va quang.
Phng phap phan tch anh vien tham : la phng phap giai
oan anh chup t tren khong e nh hng trc ac iem
cau truc a chat, dien tch quang phan bo... lam c s cho
bc thc a, kiem tra va chnh xac hoa cau truc vung lan oi
tng lien quan khoang san.


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Phng phap trong sa : c s dung e phat hien va khoanh
ve cac vanh phan tan khoang vat quang va khoang vat i kem
trong cac tram tch aluvi, deluvi va eluvi.
Phng phap a hoa : nghien cu cac quy luat a hoa va
s phan bo thc te cac nguyen to hoa hoc trong at a, nc,
thc vat va trong khong kh cua tho nhng nham khoanh c
cac d thng, cac vanh phan tan, cac dong phan tan lien quan
en quang.
Phng phap a vat ly : da tren viec nghien cu cac hien
tng a vat ly khac nhau lien quan en quang va cau truc
quang. Nh o, trc tiep hoac gian tiep phat hien ra quang.
Phng phap khoan va cong trnh khai ao : da vao viec s
dung cac lo khoan va cac cong trnh khai ao nh hao, gieng, ho,
ho vat... e phat hien ra quang.
' Cac Phng Phap Tim Kiem Fluorit:
Fluorit la mot loai khoang san noi sinh, e tm kiem khoang
san nay ngi ta thng su dung cac phng phap chnh la :
Phng phap o ve a chat, phng phap tang lan va phng
phap khai ao va khoan. ben canh o ngi ta co the dung mot
so phng phap phu nh : Phng phap trong sa, phng phap thach
a hoa, phng phap a vat ly.
VI.2.1) Phng Phap o Ve a Chat:
Phng phap o ve a chat la da tren viec o ve, lap ban
o a chat, nghien cu cac ieu kien thanh tao va quy luat
phan bo khoang san. Phng phap nay c tien hanh oi vi
tat ca cac khoang san noi chung cung nh fluorit noi rieng. ay
la mot cong tac can thiet phai tien hanh trc khi tham do chi


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tiet mot mo khoang san nao o e khai thac. Ket qua cua
cong viec o ve la cac bao cao li ve khoang san fluorit, kem
theo cac ban o a chat, ban o khoang san, ban o sinh
khoang, ban o kien tao. Nh vay cong tac o ve a chat la
phng phap tm kiem khoang san kha hieu qua giai oan au
cua qua trnh ieu tra, tham do khoang san vi t le phat hien
ra cac khoang san kha cao. oi vi cong tac o ve a chat
ty le chu yeu t 1/ 200.000 en 1/ 25. 000, ieu tra khoang san
gom 2 giai oan:
Giai oan 1 : cua cong tac o ve a chat kem theo tm kiem
phat hien hoac con goi la tm kiem s bo, ngay nay c goi la
ieu tra khoang san s bo. giai oan nay, chu yeu la tm kiem
cac khoang san fluorit dang s bo, bc au anh gia tiem
nang va tai nguyen d bao cau chung, sau o lap bao cao va
tien hanh ieu tra chi tiet neu nh thay co trien vong co the khai
thac c.
Giai oan 2 : Sau khi anh gia khoang san Fluorit giai oan 1
co trien vong khai thac, se tien hanh giai oan 2 : tm kiem anh
gia khoang san nay. Ngay nay con goi la ieu tra khoang san chi
tiet.
Ket qua cua o ve a chat , ngoai cac bao cao li, con phai
co cac ban o lien quan ti khoang san fluorit nh sau:
Ban o khoang san: la ban o c thanh lap tren nen
a chat( co cac thanh tao a chat, cac yeu to bien dang kien
tao va cac yeu to a chat khac co lien quan khoang san). Tren
o, the hien cac iem khoang san( gom cac khoang sang va


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bieu hien khoang san) theo quy mo, hien trang khai thac neu co
bang cac ky hieu quy c.
Ban o sinh khoang( oi vi ban o co t le 1/ 100.000 tr
lean) : la ban o c thanh lap tren c s cac ban o chuyen
hoa a chat hoac chuyen hoa kien tao. Trong o, the hien cac
quy luat phan bo cac dien tch cha fluorit, bieu hien cua no va
cac moi quan he vi khoang san khac cung nh cac qua trnh
kien tao ve mat khong gian va thi gian.
Ban o quy luat phan bo khoang san hay ban o d bao
tai nguyen khoang san: La ban o the hien qui luat thanh tao
cua fluorit, bieu hien khoang san va iem khoang hoa cua no.
Ban o nay se nh hng va mang y ngha ch ao cho giai
oan tm kiem tiep theo.
VI.2.2) Phng Phap Tang Lan:
Thc chat cua phng phap tang lan hay manh vun la e
phat hien loat a magma cha cac khoang vat fluorit. cung nh
cac khoang vat co the lien quan en viec tm kiem fluorit nh :
barit, at hiem, dolomite.
T nhng tang lan nay chung ta co the d oan v tr cua
than quang fluorit da vao ac iem , kch thc cua tang lan va
quang ng dch chuyen cua no e tm kiem ngc tr lai.
e s dung tot phng phap tm kiem nay th lo trnh au
tien t cac vung rng nui c bat au i ngc doc cac thung
lung song suoi. Trong cac thung lung nay, cac thanh tao aluvi
giong nh nh mot vien bao tang e chung ta de dang tm thay
a cha fluorit. Khi phat hien c manh v hay cuoi cha fluorit


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song suoi th lo trnh se bo tr len sn ni d kien co the tm
thay than quang goc.
ay la mot phng phap tm kiem co, on gian nhng co hieu
qua cao trong qua trnh tm kiem fluorit
VI.2.3) Phng Phap Khai ao va khoan:
ay la phng phap chu yeu trong cong tac ieu tra khoang
san chi tiet, qua cac cong trnh khai ao va khoan ta co the quan
sat mot cach trc tiep a goc va than khoang fluorit. V fluorit
c thanh tao cung gan vi mat at nen chu yeu dung cac
cong trnh khai ao. Cac cong trnh khai ao chu yeu la la cac
cong trnh tren mat, cong trnh nong: ho gieng, hao, hao tuyen.
#at t trng hp s dung en lo khoan.
VI.2.4) Phng Phap Trong Sa:
Khi ap dung phng phap nay th ta can lu y rang nhng
khoang vat fluorit e t o anh gia, phat hien va khoanh nh
cac vanh va dong phan tan cua no.
VI.2.5) Phng Phap a Hoa:
oi vi fluorit th chung ta s dung phng phap thach a
hoa, trong o c chia ra 2 phng phap cu the la phng phap kim
lng th sinh va phng phap kim lng nguyen sinh. Cac mau
ngien cu phan ln c lay cung cac mau thach hoc, lat
mong..e t o gia cong va phan tch x ly mau.
VI.2.6) Phng Phap a Vat Ly:


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Phng phap nay c s dung e phat hien va khoanh nh
cac d thng a vat ly lien quan ti fluorit. ay ng ta s
dung chu yeu la phng phap o xa va ien.
Phng phap ien da tren c s nghien cu cac trng
ien t nhien va nhan tao phat sinh trong long at di tac ong
cua nguon ien mot chieu va xoay chieu. Con phng phap xa
da tren c s nghien cu cac bc xa phong xa t nhien cua
quang va hieu ng tac dung cua cac bc xa t cac nguon ben
ngoai vat the quang va a.

PHAN VI : CAC KIEU MO KHOANG FLUORIT VIET NAM.
Chng VII : Cac Kieu Mo Khoang Viet Nam.


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Viet Nam phan ln cac mo c phat hien co nguon goc
nhiet dch, gom cac kieu:
VII.1) Kieu Mo Nhiet Dch Fluorit - arit - at Hiem Lien Quan
Vi Cac a Xam Nhap Kiem Phc he Pusamcap (e62pc) Tuoi
Paleogen :
Co ong Pao, huyen Phong Tho, tnh Lai Chau lien quan
vi cac a xam nhap kiem phc he Pu Sam Cap tuoi Paleogen.
Cac than quang dang mach, thau knh hnh dang phc tap, phan
bo chu yeu trong syenit thach anh, syenit porphyr, mot so nam trong
i tiep xuc gia syenit a voi he tang ong Giao (T
2
g).
Thanh phan khoang vat chu yeu cua cac than quang chu
yeu la barit, fluorit va at hiem. T le cua 3 to hp phan nay
thay oi trong tng than quang, trong o fluorit thay oi t vai en
95%.Fluorit co mau tm, tm nhat, tm en, xanh luc nhat.Quang gap
dang khoi hat nho la chu yeu. n khoang fluorit co thanh phan
hoa hoc (%) : CaF
2
= 98,69%; SrO =1,45%; Ce
2
O
3
0,01%; La
2
O
3
=
0,0356%; Nb
2
O rat t.
T nam 1968. Quang fluorit ong Pao a c nghien cu
cong nghe thu hoi. Trong 3 mau cong nghe gi i Trung Quoc
thang 10-1968 co 2 mau c lay trong than quang giau fluorit.
Tom lai, mo ong Pao la mo co tiem nang fluorit ln nhat
nc ta va thuoc mo ln. Tr lng cac cap C1+ C2+ C3 la 1.692
nghan tan, tai nguyen d bao 6.168 nghan tan CaF
2
. Quang hon
hp co tnh kha tuyen cao e thu hoi cac hp phan co ch, la c
s nguyen lieu fluorit, barit va at hiem quan trong cua Viet Nam.
VII.2) Nhiet Dch Kieu Fluorit - Thach anh Lien Quan Ti a Xam
Nhap Granit:


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Co ong Xuan, tnh Phu Yen; Vnh Sn, huyen Vnh
Thanh, tnh Bnh nh; xa a Le, huyen Ch Ph, tnh Gia Lai.
Quang hoa lien quan vi granitoit thuoc phc he Van Canh (T
2
vc).
Cac than quang dang mach nam trong granit biotit, granosyenit.
VII.3) Nhiet Dch Kieu Fluorit Trong a Cacbonat:
Co xa Phan Thanh, huyen Yen Bnh, tnh Cao Bang. Cac
than quang nam trong i dap v tiep xuc gia a hoa cua he
tang Mia Le (D
1
ml) vi granit phc he Pia Oac (J
3
K
1
po).
Ch tieu cong nghiep Viet Nam: ham lng CaF
2
thap
nhat: 30%, chieu day khai thac nho nhat: 1m. Thc tien cho thay,
mot mo fluorit co gia tr oc lap neu quang co ham lng CaF
2
>
30%.Nhng tren thc te, ngoai fluorit ra con lay c ca cac chat
co ch khac.Cho nen ch tieu ham lng fluorit cong nghiep co
the at thap hn the nhieu va c quy nh cho tng trng hp
cu the.
Chng VIII: Mo FIuorit Vung Xuan Lanh Tnh Phu Yen.
Noi ve khoang san fluorit mien Nam Viet nam th cha c
phat hien nhieu, phan bo rai rac va co tr lng khong ln.
Hau het chung eu thuoc kieu nhiet dch va gan bo vi hoat
ong magma xam nhap thuoc phc he eo Ca, Van Canh va
nh Quan. Pho bien kieu mo thach anh- fluorit c thanh tao
trong cac i ca nat, dap v. Hnh dang than quang dang mach,
kch thc rat bien oi va cat qua a granit cua phc he. Ngoai
hai khoang vat chnh la thach anh va fluorit. Con co mot lng rat
t quang sulfur nh : pyrite, chalcopyrite, galenit xam tan. a phat hien
c 6 iem c xep vao kieu mo thach anh- fluorit dang mach,


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trong o co 1 iem c tm kiem, anh gia va ang khai thac la
mo Xuan Lanh- Phu Yen co cac ac iem nh sau:
VIII.1) ac iem a Ly Kinh Te Va Nhan Van:
VIII.1.1) V tr a ly: Mo Xuan Lanh nam tren a phan xa Xuan
Lanh, huyen ong Xuan, tnh Phu Yen, co toa o a ly : 13
o
28'
20 v o bac va 109
o
02' 52 kinh o ong

an o v tr a Iy cua ong Xuan- Phu Yen
VIII.1.2) Dan C Kinh Te Xa Hoi:
Dan c trong vung chu yeu la ngi kinh, rai rac xen ke
buon lang ngi dan toc thieu so Ee. Nghe nghiep chu yeu
la lam ruong, lam ray cay cong nghiep ngan ngay. Nhn chung


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nen kinh te trong vung con mang tnh chat t cung t cap, khong
co c s nong nghiep nao ang ke, trnh o dan tr con thap,
viec pho cap van hoa ang c chnh quyen a phng quan tam
chu trong. Nhn chung ieu kien a ly kinh te xa hoi tng oi
thuan li cho viec khai thac mo.
VIII.1.3) ac iem a Hinh:
Khu mo nam trong day nui kha doc, c phat hien theo
hng Tay Bac ong Nam. Co iem cao nhat 325m. xu hng
thap dan ve pha ong Nam, sn doc thng t 400-450.
Trong vung mo co nhng khe suoi can khong co dong nc
chay thng xuyen, ch co dong chay vao mua ma. Cach khu
vc mo khoang 500m ve pha Tay la suoi Long Ba co dong chay
quanh nam, ve mua kho dong chay nho nhng ve mua ma do
a hnh doc lu lng nc tang kha nhanh. Song than quang khai
thac ang nam o cao +30m so vi a hnh mat suoi nen khong
anh hng ti qua trnh khai thac mo.
VIII.1.4) ieu Kien Giao Thong:
Giao thong kha thuan li cho viec i lai va van chuyen tieu
thu khoang san, mo Fluorit nam cach ng tnh lo 1,5km va
cach quoc lo 1A khoang 30km ve pha ong Nam.

VIII.1.5) Kh Hau:
Khu mo nam trong mien kh hau nhiet i, co hai mua ro
ret, mua kho thng t thang 2 en thang 9 rat thuan li cho
viec khai thac, van chuyen khoang san. Mua ma ngan hn
thng tap trung vao thang 9 en thang 1 nam sau, lng ma trung


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bnh hang nam 400- 500mm. nhiet o trung bnh khoang 25
o
C, nhiet
o cao nhat thng vao thang 7 en thang 8 la 32
o
C 35
o
C, nhiet
o thap nhat vao thang 11 en thang 12 la 15
o
C 20
o
C.
VIII.2) ac iem a Chat Khu Vc Khai Thac:
VIII.2.1) Lch S Nghien Cu a Chat:
Nam 1978 o ve lap ban o a chat t le 1/ 500.000 do
Nguyen Xuan Bao va Huynh Trung thc hien : ho a xep cac
vung a Xuan Lanh vao pha 2 phc he Van Canh va eo Ca.
Cuoi nam 1986 oan 82- lien oan a chat vat ly phat
hien ra d thng, kiem tra mat at phat hien tang lan fluorit
Thang 2- 1987 oi 84 lien oan a chat vat ly, bang to hp
cac phng phap a vat ly xa- pho gama, ien mat cat oi
xng, thi cong cac cong trnh hao. Ket qua khoanh c 4 mach
quang day (4,3- 7,8m) keo dai 250, tr lng d kien o sau
50m khong qua 100 tan fluorit.
Thang 4 - 1987 oan a chat 504 thc hien tm kiem anh
gia trien vong quang fluorit, ket qua tnh toan c tr lng cap
122 = 46.895 tan; 333 = 123.207 tan.

VIII.2.2) Lch S Khai Thac Mo Fluorit:
Tren c s bao cao cua oan a chat 504, tong cong ty
khoang san Viet Nam a lap luan chng kinh te ky thuat khai
thac mo fluorit- Xuan Lanh- ong Xuan- Phu Yen va c bo
cong nghiep phe duyet tai quyet nh so 382/CNNg- XDCB ngay 20
thang 12 nam 1990.


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Ngay 19-01-1997 bo trng bo cong nghiep a co quyet
nh so 24/CNNg KTM ve viec giao khu vc khai thac mo Fluorit
Xuan Lanh- ong Xuan- Phu Yen, cho cong ty khoang san Viet
Nam.
VIII.2.3) ac iem Than Quang:
Than quang fluorit lo ra o cao +145m keo dai 200 - 300m
theo phng a v tuyen 350
o
, chung co dang mach vi chieu day
thay oi, cho phnh to, cho co that. Than quang chnh co chieu day
bien oi t 1,4m en 10,9m; co cho thot lai kha nhanh tao chuoi
thau knh; chieu dai gan 300m, hng cam o ve ong vi goc
doc 45- 62
o
. Ca 2 pha mai va tru cua than quang chnh co phat
trien mot so mach hoac thau knh nho quang mach thach anh-
fluorit. Chieu day cua cac than quang nay t vai cm en vai
met, chieu dai co the at ti 20- 50m, the nam gan trung vi
than quang chnh.
Khu mo fluorit nam gia 2 t gay ln song song phng Bac-
Tay Bac( t gay Song Long Ba va t gay Song Lo #am), cac
a eu b ca nat, ep nen manh va hoat ong kh hoa, nhiet
dch manh me.
a vay quanh than quang la cac a xam nhap granitoid
phc he Van Canh ba nh Quan.
Bieu hien bien oi a vay quanh co thach anh hoa, greisens
hoa, sulfur hoa ong thi cac mach thach anh, pegmatite, aplit,
quang fluorit kha phat trien.
VIII.2.4) ac iem Quang:


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Thanh phan khoang vat: fluorit kch thc hat thay oi t 0,5-
10mm, at ham lng 35- 65%, thach anh hat nho va mot lng nho
cac khoang vat pyrite, magnetit.
Quang fluorit co mau xam, trang trong, tm, xanh l, oi khi co
mau hong nhat. Cau tao khoi hoac dang dai xen ke thach anh.
Thanh phan hoa(%): CaF
2
= 37,41-69,64; SiO
2
= 23,94- 44,19; CaCO
3
=
0,1- 0,12; S= 0- 2,3.
Quang thuoc loai hnh thach anh- fluorit co the chia lam 3 loai giau,
trung bnh va ngheo.
Quang giau co CaF
2
> 60%, loai nay thng tao thanh thau
knh hoac daikhong lien tuc theo ng phng va hng cam
day 0,1- 0,4m, keo dai 0,5- 4m, loai nay khong nhieu chung phan
bo chu yeu t gia en pha Bac than quang, phan pha Nam
than quang ch gap mot so o thau knh nho.
Quang loai trung bnh co CaF
2
= 40- 60%, thng tao thanh dai
hoac o nho xam tan kch thc 0,5- 8cm nam rai rac trong toan
than quang va phan bo chiem chu yeu phan pha Nam tao
thanh i quang co chieu day 5- 10m.
Quang ngheo CaF
2
< 40% co cau tao dang o xam tan rai
rac trong than quang.

VIII.2.5) Nguon goc sinh thanh:
M fluorit Xuan Lanh co nguon goc nhiet dch, co le chung
lien quan vi qua trnh hoat ong magma cua phc he eo Ca


48
SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
hoac tre hn, trong boi canh kien tao cung magma ra luc a ong
A co kieu nh Quan- Ankroet.

KET LUAN
Qua bai bao cao nay chung ta co the hieu mot cach tong
quan ve cac ac iem, tnh chat cung nh nguon goc thanh tao


49
SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
va ng dung cua fluorit trong nen kinh te quoc dan. T o chung
ta co the thay c tam quan trong cua khoang san Viet nam noi
rieng va the gii noi chung. oi vi F chung ta co the thay c
cong dung rong rai cua no tren nhieu phng dien, t cong
nghiep en khoa hoc ky thuat. Fluorit mien Nam cha c tm
kiem nhieu nhng co tiem nang, fluorit chu yeu khai thac nhieu
mien Bac. Qua o chung ta la nhng ngi hoc a chat noi
chung va khoang san noi rieng se co nhng kien thc lam nen
tang cho viec tm kiem va khai thac fluorit cho nc nha.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO


50
SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174
1. Nguyen Kim Hoang, Bai giang cac phng phap tm kiem va chan
oan khoang san, Khoa a Chat trng ai Hoc Khoa Hoc T
Nhien, 2007.
2. Nguyen Van Nhan, Cac mo khoang. Nha xuat ban ai Hoc
Quoc Gia Ha Noi.
3. Nguyen Van Tr va nnk, Tai nguyen khoang san Viet Nam. Cuc
a chat va khoang san Viet Nam xuat ban nam 2000.
4. Nguyen Van Chien- Trnh ch- Phan Trng Thi, Thach Hoc. Nha
xuat ban ai hoc va trung hoc chuyen nghiep, Ha Noi, 1973.
5. Trch ban xuat phi kim
6. La Th Chch- Hoang Trong Mai, Khoang vat hoc. Nha xuat ban ai
Hoc Quoc Gia TP. Ho Ch Minh, 2005.
7. Cac Wedside:
-hLLp//myoperacom/vlgorous2911/blog/2009/07/28/LhleLkexuanlanh
hLLp//vlwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/lluorlL
hLLp//wwwgemsLoneglfLscom/sLones/fluorlLehLm
hLLp//wwwgooglecomvn


51
SVTH:Nguyen c Hiep
MSSV: 0816174

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