QUIZ Diagram

Plant Structure: Leaves

Plant leaves
Organs attached to stems of vascular plants Usually site of photosynthesis Today...
Leaf structure Types of leaves Leaf arrangements Types of leaf venation Internal leaf anatomy Types of modified leaves

Plant Structure: Leaves

Leaf structure
Petiole = leaf stalk Blade = flattened portion of leaf Stipules = leaf-like tissue attached to base of petiole

Plant Structure: Leaves

Type of leaves
Simple = blade not divided into smaller leaflets Compound = blade divided into smaller parts that look like small leaves (but lack axillary buds)

Plant Structure: Leaves

Type of leaf venation
Parallel = veins run roughly parallel to midrib
Monocots such as Families Agavaceae and Orchidaceae

Palmate = veins arise from common point of origin at base of midrib (above petiole) Pinnate = veins project laterally on either side of midrib
Palmate and pinnate occur in dicots such as Families Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae

Plant Structure: Leaves

Type of leaf arrangements (on stem)
Alternate = leaves occur at nodes singly Opposite = leaves occur at nodes in pairs Whorled = more than 2 leaves at each node

Plant Structure: Leaves

Internal leaf anatomy
Cuticle Epidermis Pallisade cells Spongy mesophyll Stomata Guard cells Xylem & phloem

Plant Structure: Leaves

Stomata
Stomata = pores in epidermis used for gas exchange
CO2 into cell for photosynthesis H2O out of leaf by evaporation to facilitate transpiration (process by which water pulled up plant)

Guard cells = epidermal cells that open and close stomata

Stomata open when guard cells swell with water Stomata close when guard cells collapse together (shrivel)

Plant Structure: Leaves

Types of modified leaves
Bulb leaves = leaves wrapped around short, swollen stem of bulb (e.g. onion) Bracts = large, colorful leaves surrounding flowers (e.g. poinsettas) Spines = sharp projections (e.g. cacti) Insectivorous leaves = leaves designed to trap insect (e.g. venus flytrap)