Myanmar Pone Gu Phayar

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yk*Hra[mif;u aS;a[mif;bk&m;apwDrsm; (2)

jrefrmyHk *lbk&m;rsm;
&efif; (awmifwHcg;)
ygVdbmom *l[ uwqifh *l qdkwJhag[m&jzpfvm+yD;/ yk*HacwfausmufpmawrSm ul/ ulykSm (*l/ *lbk&m;)
vdka&;xdk;wwfwJh vdk%f*lyg yk*HuaS;a[mif;bk&m;awudk yHkpHtvdkuf tac:&v,fulatmif refyHk*lbk&m;eJ
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m; vdk ordkif;okawoD q&m}uD;awu trnfay;cJhygw,f?
refyHk*lbk&m;awrSm
twif;eH&Hawu
eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDur`nf;pmawudk
refpmeJa&;xdk;ovdkyJ/
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awrSm jrefrmpmoHk;+yD;a&;xdk;w,f? 'ga=umifhyJ tJ'DjrefrmpmSdwJh *lbk&m;yHkpHawudk
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awvdk trnfay;vdkuf=uw,f?
refyHk*lbk&m;awu wnf+idrfyfpif;wJh tvsm;vdkufrsOf;vJyHkoefudkaqmif+yD; jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awu
txufudk pifhpifh jrifhwufaewJh axmifvdkufrsOf;rwfyHkoefudkaqmifygw,f? yk*Hra[mif;rSmawSd&wJh
*lbk&m; awxJrSm refyHk*lbk&m;awu jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awxuf ydk+yD;aS;usygw,f? aS;OD;ydkuswJh 11&mpkeJ
12&mpk apmapmydkif;rSmwnfwJh refyHk*lbk&m;awudk tajccH+yD;rS aemufxyfwnfaqmufvmcJh=uwJh
*lbk&m;yHkpHajymif;vJvmyHkawudkvnf; qufvuf avhvm&ygr,f?
aS;OD;jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awrSmawmh
wxyfyJSdao;w,f?
refyHk*lbk&m;aw&J
vuQ%mw&yfjzpfwJh
ausmufxif;ZmjyLwif;aygufrsdK;aw
SdaeqJjzpfayr,fh
*ltwif;rSm
tvif;a&miftifenf;wJh
r_efr_efrm;rm;arSmifywfvrf;awr[kwfawmhyJ tvif;a&mifeJavtiftxufaw ydk+yD;aumif;vmw,f?
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;aw&JyEMufyHkawudk=unfh&if av;zufav;wefu tmHkcHrkcfOD;aw/ aveJtvif;a&mif&zdk
tav;xm;a=umif;aw&ygr,f?
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awrSm
*ltrdk;udkvnf;jrifhvdkufw,f?
refyHk*lbk&m;awrSmaw&avhSdwJh wzufav#mtrdk;cHk;tpm; ypP,Htqifhqifhawjzpfvmw,f? 12&mpk
aemufydkif;rSmawmh ESpfxyf *lbk&m;tjrifh}uD;awudkyg wnfaqmufvmw,f?

yHkpHwlrSdwJhtjyif/ pdwfifpm;p&mawrsm;vdk oD;jcm;az:jy&r,fh *lbk&m;wqluawmh rEl[m*lbk&m;


(1240575) jzpfygw,f? rEl[m (rukw) bk&if}uD;aumif;r_vdk tpOftquf ,Hk=unf a&;om;avhSdw,f?
tjyifu=unfh&if ESpfxyf*leJwlaeayr,fh wxyf*ltrsdK;tpm;yg? *ltxufrSm apwDi,f 36ql eJ
yifrapwD}uD;wqlSdw,f?
xHk;az;az;eJ
wqlvHk;topfvdkjzpfaeygw,f?
rlvyk*Hacwfvuf&m
b,favmuftxdusefaeao;ovJqkdwmudkawmh rSef;q&wmcufcJygw,f?
t,ftpm;}uD;rm;wJh Ak'<qif;wkawmf}uD;awudk ae&m&Edkifor#&atmif xnfh+yD;wnfaqmufxm;vdk
jrif&olawu
pdwfusOf;usyfwmudk
cHpm;&w,fvdkajymwwf=uw,f?
rlv&nf,fcsufudkawmh
twdtusrodEdkifyg?
}uD;rm;wJho'<gw&m;udkaz:jycsifwmvnf;jzpfEdkifygw,f?
rlvuwnf;uyJ
vufSdt,ftpm;awtwdkif;
wnfcJhwmjzpfEdkifp&mSdayr,fh
acwftqufqufrSm
tytjyifawrsm;cJhvS+yDqdkwmudkvnf;
owdyrdp&myg?
aw&wJhausmufpmuvnf;
aemufxdk;ausmufpmjzpfaew,f? yk*Hacwfaemuf ESpfaygif;rsm;pm=um+yD;rS a&;cJhwJh&mZifawudk udk;um;vdk
cHpm;a&;om;=uwmawvnf;Sdygw,f?

rEl[m*lbk&m; (1240575)

rEl[m*lbk&m;jzwfydkif;yHk
tapmqHk;jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;awxJrSmygEdkifwmuawmh ajryHkombk&m;vS vdk trSwfrSm;+yD;ac:avhSd=uwJh
avmurkedajrbHkom*lbk&m;
(1512825)
jzpfygw,f?
yk*HacwfrSm
*lbk&m;eJapwDudk
wJ+yD;wnfwJhtavhtxSdygw,f? wacwfxnf;/ wyifxnf;wnfwmjzpfEdkifwJh ajraygufapwDwqludkyg
avmurkedajrbHkom *lbk&m;eJuyfvsufawEdkifw,f? rSwfom;p&muawmh topfjznfhryjyifcifwkef;u
avmurkedajrbHkom*lbk&m; urf;axmif&JtxufutxwfapwDeJ rkcfayguftxufuapwDi,fwdkrSm
rlvyk*Hacwfvuf&m tawmfrsm;rsm;usefaeao;wmudkygyJ? yk*Hacwfay:awmfrl =umzl;yHkbk&m;u
apwDyHkrsdK;jzpfa=umif;aw&ygw,f?
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;yHkpHawxJrSm wxyf*lbk&m; ti,fpm;/ tvwfpm; eJ ESpfxyf*lawrSmvnf; tvwfpm;eJ
t}uD;pm;awSdygw,f?
taw&trsm;qHk;
yHkpHqifwltkyfpkawrSmxnfhoif;xm;ayr,fh
tao;pdwfwnfaqmufyHkvuf&mawrSm wqleJwql cwfpyfwlwmrsdK;rSdyg?
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;yHkpHawxJrSm
wxyf*lbk&m;/
ur;f axmifayguftrsdK;tpm;jzpfwJh
a*l}uD;*lbk&m;
(1589901-u)/ ousrked (147118)/ avmuxdyfyef; (1580892)/ jrif;uyg*lajymufi,f (1391710)/
pdrf;nuftr (1085457)/ orBLv (oHk;vlv) (48281)/ odrpR nf;*lbk&m; (1471784)?
r[maAg"dyHkpHurf;axmifayguf
*lbk&m;trsdK;tpm;awrSm ygifwmu uf}uD;tif;*lajymuf}uD;
(298197-u)/ r[maAg"d (1670973)/ oD&dypP,m*lajymuf*lbk&m; (AdkvfcsdKrd*lbk&m;) (995415-u)?
apwDayguftrsdK;tpm;jzpfwJh
ukef;awmf}uD;
(151122-u)/
eENmrnm
(577306-u)
wdkudkerlemtaeeJjy&ygr,f? urf;axmifeJapwDaygufr[kwfyJ xlygayguf*lbk&m;awvnf;Sdygw,f?
a*l'g,um tavmif;pnfol (yxrpnfol)rif;}uD;&J ygVdbmomxdk; ausmufpmrSmygwJhtwdkif;
ajrjyiftxufrSm
pHkpHkwufvmwJho%efSdwmuawmh
a*l}uD;*lbk&m;yg?
av;axmifhtkwfcHk}uD;tay:rSmwnfxm;ygw,f? tJ'Da*l}uD;*lbk&m;txJrSmyJ
om;t&if;jzpfwJh
e&ol&JvufcsufeJ
ewfmpH&Smw,fvdk
&mZifawrSmygSdwJh*lbk&m;jzpfwma=umifhvnf;
ydk+yD;pdwfifpm;p&maumif;ygw,f?

bk&ifhaemifvufxufrSmxdk;wJhausmufpmudk
*lbk&m;aScef;xJrSmaw&w,f?
tr&yl&acwfuvkyfavhvkyfxSdwJh
rlvvuf&mudkzsufypf+yD;yjyifovdkrsdK;
aoaooyfoyfyjyifxm;wJh axmuftxm;awvnf;aw&zl;w,f?

ukef;abmifacwfeJ
bk&ifhaemifurvkyfcJhyJ

a*l}uD;*lbk&m; (1589901-u)
topfjznfhqufryjyifcifwkef;u
acsmufzvt&yf
ousrked*lbk&m;
urf;axmif&Jtxufu
txwfapwDrSmvnf; ay:awmfrl=umzl;yHkbk&m;u txwfapwDyHkpHrsdK;jzpfwJh rlvyk*Hacwfvuf&m
tawmfrsm;rsm; usefaeao;wmudkaw&ygr,f?

ousrked*lbk&m;/ acsmufzv (147118)

yk*HacwfeH&Haq;a&;yef;csDudkavhvmolawtwuf ra&mufrjzpfwJh *lbk&m;wqluawmh avmuxdyfyef;


jzpfygw,f? txwfapwDudk topfrjznfhqufcifwkef;u *ltxufrSm urf;axmiftxdyJusefSd+yD;
aS;a[mif;okawoeXmeu aS;vuf&mrysufjyifxm;wmawSdcJhzl;w,f?

avmuxdyfyef; *lbk&m; (1580892)


yHkpHxl;jcm;+yD;
Ak'<*,mu
r[maAg"dapwD}uD;&JyHkpHrsdK;
urf;axmifSdwJh
*lbk&m;wqluawmh
uf}uD;tif;*lajymuf}uD; jzpfygw,f? topfrjznfhqufcifu txwfapwDrSdawmhyJurf;axmiftxufu
tdkif;yHktqifhwckyJ aS;vuf&musefw,f?? jywdkufawtwuf aS;a[mif;ypPnf;udktonf;toefSmwJh
*smrefvlrsdK;wpkuzsufqD;,liifom;=uvdk taumif;qHk; yk*Hacwfvuf&mawxJrSmygwJh eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDaw
ysufpD;cJh&wJh*lbk&m;yg?
tJ'DzsufqD;wJhordkif;w&m;cHawudk armif;xkwfEdkifcJhvdk xyf+yD;rysufpD;atmif
wm;qD;EdkifcJhayrJh ygom;+yD;cJhwmawudkawmhjyefr&cJhyg?

uf}uD;tif;*lajymuf}uD; *lbk&m;/ uf}uD;tif; (298197-u)


yk*He,fu e,fcsJawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif AdkvfcsdK udk tJ'Dbk&m;xJrSmzrf;rdom;vdk &yfmu
AdkvfcsdKrdbk&m;vdkac:=uwJh oD&dypP,m*lajymuf*lbk&m;/ (995415-u) uvnf; r[maAg"dyHkpHrsdK;
urf;axmifSdwJh*lbk&m;wqlyg?

oD&dypP,m*lajymuf*lbk&m; (AdkvfcsdKrd*lbk&m;) (995415-u)


r[maAg"dyHkpHrsdK; urf;axmifSdwJh *lbk&m;wqluawmh r[maAg"d*lbk&m; (1670973) jzpfygw,f?
rlvyk*Hacwfvuf&m
txwfapwDeJ
t&HapwDi,fawrSdawmhyJ
aemufacwfawusrS

xyffjznfhxm;wmudkaw&ygr,f?
txwfyHkpHrsdK;jzpfEdkifp&mdSygw,f?

rlvwkef;u

Ak'<*,mrSmdSwJh

r[maAg"dapwD}uD;&J

acsmufzvt&yf ukef;awmf}uD;*lbk&m;rSmawmh *ltxufrSmapwDaygufjzpfygw,f? txufydkif;rSm


xyfjznfhzdkrvdkavmufatmifyJ
rlv
yk*Hacwfvuf&m
tjynfhtpHkeD;yg;usefygao;w,f?
ukef;awmf}uD;*lbk&m;eJcyfqifqifwlwJh
rif;eefolt&yfu
eENmrnm
(577306-u)
apwDayguf*lbk&m;uvnf; yk*HacwfeH&Haq;a&;yef;csDawa=umifhvlodrsm;w,f?

ukef;awmf}uD; *lbk&m;/ acsmufzv (151122-u)


yEMufyHkawudk=unfhr,fqdk&if/
jrefrmyHk*lbk&m;yHkpHawrSm
txl;tav;ay;+yD; aqmufwnfa=umif;aw&ygr,f?

a*l}uD;

tvif;a&mifeJ

avifavxufudk

ousrked

avmuxdyfyef;

uf}uD;tif;*lajymuf}uD;

oD&dypP,m*lajymuf*lbk&m; (AdkvfcsdKrd*lbk&m;)

ukef;awmf}uD;

bk&m;oHk;ql
yHkpHwl
*lbk&m;oHk;qludk
wqufxnf;wJxm;vdk
bk&m;oHk;ql
trnfwifwJh*lbk&m;awudk
rif;eefol&yfrSmaw&w,f? xl;jcm;wmuawmheH&Haq;a&;yef;csDawyg? *lbk&m;aw&J rsufESmpmzufudk
rsufESmrlvdkufwJtcg
nmzufpefutqlrSm
yef;csDt+yD;tpD;qJxm;w,f?
tvnfutqlrSm
aumufa=umif;qJxm;wmudk
wufwysufaq;a&mifoif;xm;+yD;/
b,fzuftpeftqlrSmawmh
bmrSqJxm;wmraw&yg?
wpHkw&mta=umif;a=umifh
vufprowfEdkifcJhwJhyHkygyJ?
yk*HacwfeH&Haq;a&;yef;csDawudk b,fvdk tqifhqifha&;qJw,fqdkwm avhvm&vdk tifrwef wefzdk;Sdygw,f?

bk&m;oHk;ql/ rif;eefol (466272) (467273) (468274-u)


wxyf*lbk&m;awxufydk}uD;wJh
tvwfpm;ESpfxyf*lbk&m;awudk
erlemtaeeJjy&&if
Em;jy*l(Em;rsm;ocF,m) (1498811)/ rD;+idrf;ukef;*lbk&m; (1499812)/ wkyfajy;*lbk&m; (534295-

u)/ oydwfarSmuf*lbk&m; (744363-u)/ opPwD*lb&k m; (918405-u)/ avmurSefuif;-ma[mif;}uD;


*lbk&m; (17911092-u)/ awmif*leD (765364-')/ ajrmuf*leD (766364-")/ eJ usqif;*l *lbk&m;
(1219555) awudkxnfhoif;&ygr,f?

awmif*leD*lbk&m; (765364-')/ ajrmuf*leD*lbk&m; (766364-")

usqif;*l *lbk&m; (a=wavmuvkag;Adkvf) (1219555)


taw&enf;wJh ajcwJvJcsxdkifykH (ygvdav,sumoeyvryg'goe) eJ Ak'<qif;wkawmfawudk
usqif;*l*lbk&m;rSmaw&ygw,f? aemufxyfxl;jcm;csufwckuawmh ESpfxyf*lbk&m;awrSm aw&avhrSdwJh

refbmomur`nf;awudk
atmufxyf*leH&Htay:ydkif;rSmaw&ygw,f?
ta&;}uD;wJhwcsufuawmh
rlvyxrwnfcJhol/ t+yD;qufwnfwJhol/ aumif;r_Sifemrnfaw/ pwnfwJhckESpf/ +yD;pD;wJhckESpfeJ
bk&m;bJawmfyg wdwdusus rifpmrSwfwrf;awudkaw&wmygyJ?
usqif;*l*lbk&m;
(1219555) &J jzwfydkif;yHkudk=unfh&if ESpfxyf*lbk&m;awrSm trdk;cHk;eJeH&Hawudk
b,fvdkaqmufwnfw,fqdkwmawEdkifygw,f?
wnfaqmufyHkxl;jcm;csuftaeeJuawmh
wjcm;ESpfxyf*lbk&m;awrSm Sdaumif;SdEdkifayr,fh rjrifomwJh yxrxyfeJ'kwd,xyf ESpfckt=um;
vdk%fywfvrf;us,fwckSdaewmyg?

usqif;*l *lbk&m;
ig;rsufESm*lbk&m;awvnf;Sdygw,f?
rkcfig;ckdS+yD;
aSrkcftmHkcHrygyJ
tvnfrdkifrSm
Ak'<qif;wkawmfawxm;ygw,f? apwDayguf/ xlygayguftrsdK;rsdK;Sd+yD; txufydkif;wnfaqmufyHkrSmawmh
wxyf*lbk&m;aweJtwlwlygyJ? ig;rsufESm*lbk&m; (607314-u)/ tdrf&mausmif;*lbk&m; (18311129)
eJ taSZHoD;-ig;rsufESm (axmufavSmfum;) (558310-u) *lbk&m;awu rkcfig;ckeJ
*lbk&m;awxJrSmygifygw,f?

taSZHoD;-ig;rsufESm (axmufavSmfum;)

ig;rsufESm*lbk&m;wql&JyEMufyHk
ESpfxyf*lbk&m;trsdK;tpm;rSmygifwJh t}uD;qHk;*lbk&m;awrSm oAnK*lbk&m;}uD; (1597906-u)/
uefawmfhyvif (a*:awmhyvif)*lbk&m; (1622 930-u)/ plVmr%d*lbk&m; (748 364-u) eJ
xD;vdkrif;vdk*lbk&m; (1812 1110) wdkygifygw,f?

oAnK*lbk&m;}uD; (1597906-u)

uefawmfhyvif*lbk&m; (1622 930-u)

plVmr%d*lbk&m; (748364-u)

xD;vdkrif;vdk *lbk&m; (18121110)


ESpfxyf*lbk&m;}uD;awrSm
tay:xyfutav;csdefudkxrf;xm;Edkifzdk
tvnfrdKifudk
tcdkiftcHh
aqmufwnfxm;a=umif; yEMufyHkawt& odEdkifygw,f? tay:xyfu twif;ydkif;eH&HawrSmvnf;
tav;csdefudkav#mhzdk&nf,fwmjzpfEdkifwJh
u,fSufvdk%fywfvrf;awSda=umif;
1975
yk*Hivsif
a=umifhysufpD;wkef;uaw&ygw,f? oAnK*lbk&m;}uD;rSm tay:xyfu tav;csdefudk twif;u cHk;aweJyg
tiftm;jznfh+yD; xdef;xm;ygw,f?

oAnK

plVmr%d

xD;vdkrif;vdk
&mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pm =umjrifhwJhwdkifatmif wnfwHhcdkif+rJaeqJ &ifoyfSKarmp&m taqmuftOD;aweJ
tEkynmvuf&mawudkwnfaqmuf=u&mrSm acwfOD;/ acwfvnf/ acwfaESmif;u yk*Hom;ynmSifaygif;pHk
nDnD!wf!wf pkaygif;ygifwnfaqmufcJh=ua=umif; aS;a[mif;yk*Hbk&m;awu oufaojyaeovdkygyJ?
yk*Hom;awrSm "m;udkifcJh&wJhtcgvnf;SdcJhw,f? pkwfwH/ unpf/ pl;/ aqmuf eJ yef;&HypPnf;awudk
udkif&wmvnf;dScJhw,f? bk&m;wfyawmhvnf; yef;ckdifudkudkifcJh=uayr,f?

yk*Hom;wdk
aqmif"m;wzuf/ yef;wzufjzifh
ESpfoufz,f&m/ qifjref;vmaom
tvuFumyifpnf/ wdkwdkif;jynfum;
t&nftao; rrefavm?
wifrdk;
atmufwdkbm/ 1983
txl;aus;Zl;wifpmeJ udk;um;jcif;
(1) yk*Hrifpmpkokawoevkyfief; tpD&ifcHpm (Adkvfr_; bSif)/ 1964
(2) yk*Hom;rSwfwrf; (audkif;om;)/ arv/ 2008
(3) waewvHyk*Hb,fajy;rvJ (a'gufwmoef;xef;)/ =o*kwfv/ 2006
(4) yk*Hc&D;onf (yg&*l)/ 'k t}udrf/ pufwifbmv/ 2008
(5) yk*H (pkaygif;)/ {+yD/ 1999
(6) yk*HaS;a[mif;okawoevrf;!ef (OD;Adkau)/ 1981
(7) ordkif;if yk*HapwDykxdk;rsm; (OD;oef;aq)/ 1975
(8) yk*HacwfAdokumvuf&mrsm; (rif;bl;atmifudif)/ 1985
(9) Pictorial Guide To Pagan: 1971
(10) Pagan: Art and Architecture of old Burma by Paul Strachan: 1996
(11) Burma Art and Archaeology by Alexandra Green and T. Richard Blurton: 2002

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