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73
ANALIZ MATEMATIC
V. Primitive
(integrale nedefinite)

Definiia V.1. Fie funcia f:JR, J interval, F:JR este primitiva lui f, dac
F este derivabil pe J i F(x) = f(x), xJ.
Se noteaz:

+ = c x F dx x f ) ( ) (
Proprieti ale primitivelor:
1. | |

+ =

+ dx x f dx x f dx x f x f ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
2 1 2 1
;
2.

= dx x f a dx x af ) ( ) ( ;
3.

= dx x g x f x g x f dx x g x f ) ( ) ( ' ) ( ) ( ) ( ' ) ( .

V.1. Prima metod de schimbare a variabilei
Dac :IJ, f:JR, derivabil pe I, f admite primitive (F), atunci

+ = c t F dt t t f ) ( ) ( ' )) ( ( o

V.2. A doua metod de schimbare a variabilei
Dac :IJ, f:JR, bijectiv, derivabil, cu derivata nenul pe I,
' ) ( = o f h admite primitive (H) atunci

+ =

c x H dx x f ) ( ) (
1
o .



V.3. Tabel de primitive: (I interval, IR)
1. N n R x c
n
x
dx x
n
n
+
+
=

+
, ,
1
1
;
2.

+ +
+
=
+
} 1 { \ ), , 0 ( ,
1
1
R x c
x
dx x

;
3. 1 , 0 , ,
ln
> + =

a a R x c
a
a
dx a
x
x
;
4. R I I x c x
x
dx
+

= , , ln ;
5. } , { \ , , ln
2
1 1
2 2
a a R I I x c
a x
a x
a
dx
a x
+
+

;
6. 0 , ,
1 1
2 2
+ =

+
a R x c
a
x
arctg
a
dx
a x
;
7. R x c x xdx + =

, cos sin ;
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8. R x c x xdx + =

, sin cos ;
9.
)
`

+ + =

Z k k R I I x c tgx dx
x 2
) 1 2 ( \ , ,
cos
1
2

;
10. { } Z k k R I I x c ctgx dx
x
+ =

\ , ,
sin
1
2
;
11.

)
`

+ + = Z k k R I I x c x tgxdx
2
) 1 2 ( \ , , cos ln

;
12. { }

+ = Z k k R I I x c x ctgxdx \ , , sin ln ;
13. ( ) R x c a x x dx
a x
+ + + =

+
, ln
1
2 2
2 2
;
14. 0 ), , ( sau ) , ( , ln
1
2 2
2 2
> + + + =

a a x a x c a x x dx
a x
;
15. 0 ), , ( , arcsin
1
2 2
> + =

a a a x c
a
x
dx
x a


V.4. Primitivele funciilor raionale
1. 0 , 1 , , ) (
) 1 (
1
) (
1
+ +
+
=

+
+
a n N n c b ax
a n
dx b ax
n n
;
2.

+ + =
+
0 , ) ln(
1
a c b ax
a b ax
dx
;

3.

+
+
=
+

0 , 1 , ,
) ( ) 1 (
1
) (
1
a n N n c
b ax a n b ax
dx
n n
;
4. b a c
a x
b x
b a b x a x
dx
+
+
+

+ +
, ln
1
) )( (
;
5.

= +

\
|
+
=
+ +
0 , 4 b unde ,
4 2
1
2
2
2
2
a ac c
a a
b
x
dx
a c bx ax
dx
.
Substituiile lui Euler:
1. 0 daca ,
2
> = + + a a x t c bx ax ;
2. 0 daca ,
2
> = + + c c tx c bx ax ;
3.
1
2
1
2
si 0 4 daca ), ( x ac b x x t c bx ax > = + + este o rdcin a ecuaiei
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0.