.

01403113
4
1. ( )
1.1 Na Cl
1.2 H N
1.3 Ni Mg
1.4 Xe F
1.5 1A 7A
1.6 1B 7B
1.7
1.8 1.9

EN

2. H

H
3.

4.

5.

6.

(kJ/mol)
C-C 346 C-H 411
Cl-Cl 240

C=C 602 C-Cl 327 H-H 436

H
Cl
H
Cl
CC 602 C-F 485 H-Cl 428
C H +
H C Cl +
H
Cl
C-O 358 C=O 745 O-H 467
H
H

3.1 3.2 VSEPR

3.3
3.4
3.5 MO
3.6 Hybridization
3.7 VB
3.8 MOT
(, , )
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6 1.5
AXmEn
VSEPR
5.1 CO
5.2 CO2
5.3 H2O
5.4 NH3
5.5 HCN
5.6 BF3
5.7 NCS
5.8 NO35.9 SO2
5.10 XeF4
5.11 SF6
5.12 ClF3
+
5.13 PF5
5.14 NH4
5.15 CH3OH
5.16 C2H4
(X Y )
6.1 XY2 117.5
6.2 XY4 90
6.3 XY3 118 121

7. OCN-

8.
8.1 XeF2 ClF3
8.2 NH3 H2O
8.3 XeF4 SiCl4
8.4 AX2E2 AX3E
9. AO MO
10. MO AO (2 )

11.

O 2 ( MO )

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5

O2+

12. CO
13.
13.1 C : 1 s-orbital 2 p-orbital
13.2 C : 1 s-orbital 3 p-orbital
13.3 O : 1 s-orbital 3 p-orbital
13.4 Be : 1 s-orbtial 3 p-orbital
14.
14.1 H2O
14.2 NH3
14.3 C2H4
14.4 N2
15.
15.1 NH3
15.2 CH4
15.3 H2O
15.4 CH3Cl
16. H2O, H2S CH4

ii

01403111
4
1. ( )
1.1 Na Cl
Ionic
1.2 H N
Covalent 1.3 Ni Mg
Metal
1.4 Xe F
Covalent 1.5 1A 7A Ionic
1.6 1B 7B Metal
1.7
1.8
1.9
Metal
EN
Covalent

Metal
2. H

H
Cl
H C H +
H
Cl
H
4(C-H) 1(Cl-Cl)
H rxn =

n D

i = Product

n D

j
j = Reactant

(kJ/mol)
C-C 346 C-H 411
Cl-Cl 240

C=C 602 C-Cl 327 H-H 436

Cl
H
CC 602 C-F 485 H-Cl 428
C Cl +
H
C-O 358 C=O 745 O-H 467
H
2(C-H) 2(C-Cl) 1(H-H)
= 2xD(C-H) + 2xD(C-Cl) + 1xD(H-H) [4xD(C-H) + 1xD(Cl-Cl)]
= 2x411 + 2x240 + 1x436 4x411 1x240 = 28 kJ/mol

3.
3.1 (Octet rule)
8
3.2 VSEPR (Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory)

3.3 (formal charge FC)

3.4 (Resonance Structure)

()
3.5 Molecular Orbital (MO)

3.6 Hybridization

3.7 Valence Bond (VB) theory
AO

3.8 Molecular Orbital theory (MOT)

4. (, , )
4.1
Lewis
4.2
MOT
4.3
Lewis, VB, (MOT )
4.4
VB
4.5
MOT
4.6 1.5
MOT
5. AXmEn
VSEPR

AXmEn
(-1, +1)
5.1 CO
AX

5.2 CO2

5.3 H2O

(+1, 0, -1)

AX2

(0, 0, 0)
(-1, 0, +1)

AX2
AX2

(0, 0, 0)

AX2E2

(0, 0, 0)
0

AX3E

5.5 HCN

(0, 0, 0)

AX2

5.6 BF3

(0, 0, 0)
0

AX3

(+1,-1, 0)
0

AX3

5.4 NH3

( 3 )

5.7 NCS-

5.8 NO3-

(-2, 0, +1)

AX2

(-1, 0, 0)

AX2

(0, 0, -1)

AX2

(-1, +1, -1)

0

AX3

( 3 )

(0, +1, -1)

5.9 SO2

AX2E

( 2 )

5.10 XeF4
5.11 SF6

5.12 ClF3

0
(0, 0, 0)
0
0, 0
(0,0,0)
0, 0

AX4E2

(0, 0, 0)
0

AX3E2

AX6

5.13 PF5

0, 0
(0, 0, 0)
0

AX5

5.14 NH4+

0
AX4
(0, +1, 0)
0

0 0
5.15 CHAX4, AX2E2
(0, 0 ,0)
3OH
0
/
0 0
5.16 C2H4
AX3, AX3
(0,0)

0 0
6. (X Y )
6.1 XY2 117.5
120 ( < 120)

6.2 XY4 90
( 6 )

6.3 XY3 118 121

120

7. OCN-
0

-1

-1

-1

+1

-1

2) EN
8.
8.1 XeF2 ClF3
XeF2 (3 )
8.2 NH3 H2O
NH3 (107)
8.3 XeF4 SiCl4
XeF4 (AX4E2)
AX3 (107)
8.4 AX2E2 AX3E
9. AO MO
AO ( s, p, d, f )
MO (
, *, , *, , *)
10. MO AO (2 )
2)
1)

Pi antibonding ( )
Pi bonding ()
1)

2)
Sigma bonding ()

11.

Sigma antibonding ()

O 2 ( MO )

11.1
= 6x2 -1 = 11
11.2
(2s)2(*2s)2(2p)2(2p)4(*2p)3
11.3
Bonding electron = 8 Antibonding electron = 5
= x (8-5) = 1.5
4

11.4
paramagnetic
11.5 O 2+
O2+ O2- 2 MO

Bonding orbital = 8 Antibonding orbital = 3
= x (8-3) = 2.5
O2+ (2.5) O2- (1.5) O2+
12. CO
MO CO
C2
CO MO
3
3
( 2p )
3 2p (
Bonding)
2-3
13.
13.1 C : 1 s-orbital 2 p-orbital sp2 3 2 1
(3 -orbital 1 -orbital)
13.2 C : 1 s-orbital 3 p-orbital sp3 4 4 (4 -orbital)
13.3 O : 1 s-orbital 3 p-orbital sp3 4 2 (
)
13.4 Be : 1 s-orbtial 3 p-orbital sp3 4 2 (
)
14.
14.1 H2O 104.5 sp3
( 109.5)

14.2 C2H4 120 sp2

3 1 ( 2 1 )
( 120)
14.3 NH3 107 sp3
3 1
( 109.5)
14.4 N2 ( 1 2 p-) sp
1
2 ()
15. ( = dipole-dipole = London)
15.1 NH3
15.2 CH4
15.3 H2O 15.4 CH3Cl
16. H2O H2S CH4

H2O dipoledipole ( ) H2S O EN S H2O H2S
H2O H2S CH4