OFDM

(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) By Alhad Juvekar Chirag Parekh Kaushal Desai

Objectives
What is OFDM How OFDM works Types of OFDM Differences from other multiplexing techniques Applications

What is OFDM

Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is a form of signal multiplexing which involves assigning non-overlapping frequency ranges to different signals or to each "user" of a medium. Orthogonality occurs when two things can vary independently, they are uncorrelated The first OFDM schemes presented in 1966

FDM

OFDM

How OFDM works

Like FDM, OFDM also uses multiple subcarriers but the sub-carriers are closely spaced to each other without causing interference, removing guard bands between adjacent sub-carriers. This is possible because the frequencies (sub-carriers) are orthogonal, meaning the peak of one subcarrier coincides with the null of an adjacent sub-carrier. OFDM requires less bandwidth than FDM.

Types of OFDM

C-OFDM MIMO-OFDM

V-OFDM
W-OFDM Flash-OFDM

C-OFDM

Coded OFDM Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T) COFDM offers real benefit in the presence of isolated narrow-band interfering signals

Multiple Input, Multiple Output OFDM (MIMO-OFDM)

Developed by Iospan Wireless Uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive radio signals Spatial multiplexing

V-OFDM

Vector OFDM Developed by CISCO Increases subscriber coverage Lowers the cost of provisioning and deploying infrastructure Employs both frequency and spatial diversity Creates a robust processing technique for multi-path fading and narrow band interference

Paths

Base Station

Subscriber

W-OFDM
Wideband OFDM Invented by Wi-LAN Large spacing between carriers Advantages:

- Optimal performance against Multi-path - Less sensitive to carrier offset -Optimal power efficiency of the transmitter amplifier - More immune against fading

Flash-OFDM
Fast-hopped OFDM Wide-band spread-spectrum technology Avoids the compromises inherent in other mobile data systems Capability to work around interfering signals

Differences from other multiplexing techniques

OFDM versus WDM

-more flexible -higher bandwidth efficiency

Differences from other multiplexing techniques

OFDM versus TDM -number of carriers -synchronization -sensitivity -capacity/efficiency advantages -complexity and cost issues

Applications
Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Wireless Networking Power-line Technology

Thank You