H BIOMHXANIA T

. *

1824 PORTLAND, , . . Pozzuoli, . Santorini Earth ( ). , , , .., . 1700 .. JOHN SMEATON , , . , JOSEPH ASPDIN PORTLAND, . , .. 1890 , , 1-2 , . 18 , PORTLAND . 1,7 10 . .. .
* .

1902, , . 1910. .. .. 1912 . , 2.500 . 1937 Krupp, . 1936 . 1911 , , 1929 , 1924, . , -, . , 1926 . 1960 , . 1934 , , 1943 . , .

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 . . . , , . 1973 , . , . , 1983, . 1983 . 1992 Calzestruzzi 1996 CONCRETUM . 2000 BLUE CIRCLE. LAFARGE . A 1982 , . 1996 CONCRETUM 2001

, LAFARGE. . 1990 CIMENTS FRANCAIS, , . ITALCEMENTI - 5 . .. , . , . . . 8 , 4 20 ( ). , . , , . , , . , , , , . 2 3 , ...

, AGET CEMENT FACTORY, VOLOS

, CHALYPS, CEMENT FACTORY, ASPOPIRGOS, ATTIKI /MINERAL WEALTH 157/2011

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 . , 75% , .. , , , 23% Fe 1-2%. : 1). , 30 . - , . 2). , ( ), . , Fe , . 3). , . 4). , , . . , 95% 980 C, . CaCO3 CaO. , -

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, , TITAN CEMENT FACTORY, KAMARI, VIOTIA /MINERAL WEALTH 157/2011

, (1902) TITAN CEMENT FACTORY, ELEFSIS, (1902)

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 I - 780 x. CO2. .. CO2, . CO2 , . - , / . / / . - CO2, x, CO .. , , . - Cr . Fe, Cr 2 ppm . - , , . . .. 14.000 , , , RDF , , . , - , .. 1 .. , 200.000 Fe , , , .
/MINERAL WEALTH 157/2011

TYPICAL FLOW DIAGRAM OF A CEMENT FACTORY

. : ) . ) ( ) ) . Fe, . , , . . MgCO3 = 100. ) , . 1.54 ( CO2) 700-750kcal/ . 100kwh. . , , , , , . (/) (/) , . . , , .

52

 . . .. , . .

, ISO . , (), , . , , .

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THE CEMENT INDUSTRy IN GREECE

L. Paraskevaidis*

SUMMARY The use of cement as a basic building material, expanded all over the world near the end of the 18th century. Today, the annual world production of cement is estimated to approximately 1.7 bil. tn and almost 10 bil. tn of ready mix concrete are produced out of it. In 1902 was established the first cement factory in Greece, near Athens (Elefsis) with annual production2.500 tn, from the company Cement Titan. In 1937, they changed from vertical furnaces to the first rotary Kiln took place, manufactured by Krupp. A new company, in 1911, erected a cement factory in Piraeus, the main harbor of Athens, named Hercules. The third cement factory was built in Volos (1924) from local citizens and the National Bank as partners, named Olympus and in 1926, the fourth one was build in Chalkis, Evoia, owned by local investors, under the name Chalkis. Finally in 1934 we see the erection of a small cement factory, owned by a single person. That factory was named later, in 1943, Cement Chalyps. Todays Situation Lafarge, the French larger producer in the world of cement, owns now in Greece, three factories. The Volos, Chalkis and Milaki factory in Evoia are part of the Group. The owner of the factory Chalyps is the Italian company Italcementi, which is the fifth larger producer worldwide as a Group. Finally, the Titan S.A. group of companies, is still in Greek hands and management. The Group owns four factories in Greece and a number of plants in seven (7) foreign countries in four (4) continents. The company ranges 20th between the largest companies in the world (except China). Greece is a power in the cement production and exports due to the surrounding sea, the existence of a variety of raw materials for the production of various types of cement and the great experience in that field. The article refers also to the typical method of cement production. Concerning the impact of cement factories to the environment, the gas emissions from the chimneys, such as CO2, CO, NOx and dust are under a continuous control in order not to exceed the E.C. regulations. It is important to mention that E.C. , trying to keep low the emissions in the atmosphere, accepts and encourages the production of cement by using less klinker from the furnaces and its replacement by other kinds of raw materials, without lowering the strength of the final product. On the other side, the cement industry can use a variety of materials, such as rubber tires, mud from distilleries, RDF, etc. as combustible materials, due to the high Kiln temperatures, protecting the environment from disposal pollution. The use of various by-products from other industries is also a support to the overall economy. Conclusion The existing cement industry in Greece has the possibility not only to cover the needs of the local market but to export cement to other countries, covering the specifications needed according to the applied norms. This means that the future for the Greek cement industry is the exports of the excess product and the expansion of the investments in other countries, where the product is needed. Let us hope for the recovery of the economy locally and the rest of the world.

anuscript received from: - the authors on - the Review Committee on

: - -
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