# Author: Karan Mistry # Revised: June 22, 2011 # Purpose: JACOBIAN implementation of EES library file for SW properties

# # NOTE: Input units have been changed from EES file: # T [K] or Tc [C] # S [kg/kg] (instead of g/kg) # Output units have been changed from EES file: # [kJ] (instead of J) # [kPa] (instead of Pa) # # Source: Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Thermophysical # properties of seawater: a review of existing correlation s and # data. Desalination and Water Treatment, 16(2010) 354--38 0. # doi no. 10.5004/dwt.2010.1079 ################################################################################ DECLARE TYPE # Define variable types including initial guess, and bounds. # Type Default Min Max Units SW_Density = 1000 : 800 : 1200 UNIT = "kg/m^3" SW_delta_rho = 100 : 0 : 400 UNIT = "kg/m^3" SW_Salinity_rho = 0.035 : 0 : 0.160 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_rho = 300 : 273.15 : 453.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_rho = 27 : 0 : 180 UNIT = "C" SW_SpecificHeat : 4.5 SW_Salinity_cp : 0.180 UNIT = "kJ/kg-K" : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 0.5e-3 : 0 = 300 "K" = 27 = 0.5 UNIT = "kg/m-s" SW_Salinity_mu : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 273.15 = 4.0 : 3.0

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_cp = 300 : 453.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_cp = 27 : 180 UNIT = "C" SW_Conductivity : 0.8e-3 UNIT = SW_Salinity_k : 0.160 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_k : 453.15 UNIT = SW_TemperatureC_k : 180 UNIT = "C" SW_Viscosity : 3 : 0.150 = 0.6e-3 "kW/m-K" = 0.035

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_mu = 300 : 453.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_mu = 27 : 180 UNIT = "C"

SW_SurfaceTension UNIT = SW_Salinity_sigma : 0.040 UNIT = SW_Temperature_sigma : 313.15 SW_TemperatureC_sigma : 40 UNIT = : 80e-3 SW_PressureSat : 2000 SW_Salinity_Psat : 0.240

= 72e-3 "N/m" = 0.035 "kg/kg" = 300 UNIT = "K" = 27 "C" = 1

: 65e-3 : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 0.1 = 0.035 : 273.15 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 1300 : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 30 : 0 : 283.15 : 10 : 0.05 : 0 : 283.15 : 10 : 0.8 : 0.010 : 273.15 : 0

UNIT = "kPa"

UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_Psat = 300 : 473.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_Psat = 27 : 200 UNIT = "C" SW_BPE : 4 SW_Salinity_BPE : 0.120 UNIT = "K" = 1

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_BPE = 300 : 473.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_BPE = 27 : 200 UNIT = "C" SW_hfg : 2600 SW_Salinity_hfg : 0.240 UNIT = "kJ/kg" = 2400

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_hfg = 300 : 473.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_hfg = 27 : 200 UNIT = "C" SW_Enthalpy : 550 SW_Salinity_h : 0.120 UNIT = "kg/kg" UNIT = "kJ/kg" = 0.035 = 200

SW_Temperature_h = 300 : 393.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_h = 27 : 120 UNIT = "C" SW_Entropy : 2 SW_Salinity_s : 0.120 UNIT = "kg/kg" UNIT = "kJ/kg-K" = 0.035 = 1

SW_Temperature_s = 300 : 393.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_s = 27 : 120 UNIT = "C" SW_OsmoticCoefficient = 0.9 UNIT = "-" SW_Salinity_phi = 0.035 : 0.120 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_phi = 300 : 1.1

: 473.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_phi = 27 : 200 UNIT = "C" SW_InternalEnergy = 200 UNIT = "kJ/kg" SW_Salinity_u = 0.035 : 0.120 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_u = 300 : 393.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_u = 27 : 120 UNIT = "C" : 550 SW_Prandtl : 20 SW_Salinity_Pr : 0.150 UNIT = "-" = 3

: 0 : 30 : 0 : 283.15 : 10 : 0 : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 1e-7 = 0.035 : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 273.15 : 0 : 0 : 0 = 300 : 273.15 : 0 : -1e10 : 0 : 283.15 : 10 : -1e10

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_pr = 300 : 453.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_pr = 27 : 180 UNIT = "C" SW_Diffusivity : 2e-7 UNIT = SW_Salinity_alpha : 0.160 UNIT = SW_Temperature_alpha : 453.15 SW_TemperatureC_alpha : 180 UNIT = SW_KViscosity : 25e-7 SW_Salinity_nu : 0.150 UNIT = "m^2/s" "m^2/s" "kg/kg" = 300 UNIT = "K" = 27 "C" = 5e-7 = 1.6e-7

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_nu = 300 : 453.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_nu = 27 : 180 UNIT = "C" SW_Volume : 0.00125 UNIT = SW_Salinity_v : 0.160 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_v : 453.15 UNIT = SW_TemperatureC_v : 180 UNIT = "C" : 1e10 = 0.001 "m^2/s" = 0.035 "K" = 27

SW_GibbsFreeEnergy = 1 UNIT = "kJ/kg" SW_Salinity_g = 0.035 : 0.120 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_g = 300 : 393.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_g = 27 : 120 UNIT = "C" : 1e10 SW_ChemicalPotential = 1 UNIT = "kJ/kg"

SW_Salinity_mu_i : 0.120 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_mu_i = 300 : 393.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_mu_i = 27 : 120 UNIT = "C" SW_Exergy : 1e3 SW_Salinity_xi : 0.120 UNIT = "kJ/kg" = 1

= 0.035 : 283.15 : 10 : 0 : 0 : 283.15 : 10

: 0

= 0.035 UNIT = "kg/kg" SW_Temperature_xi = 300 : 393.15 UNIT = "K" SW_TemperatureC_xi = 27 : 120 UNIT = "C"

STREAM # SW_Stream IS MassFlowRate, Temperature, Pressure END # Declare ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Density # SW_Density Density of sea water #========================================================================= # USAGE: rho = SW_Density(T,S) # DESCRIPTION: # Density of seawater at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) using Eq. (8) # given by [1] which best fit the data of [2] and [3]. The pure water # density equation is a best fit to the data of [4]. # Values at temperature higher than the normal boiling temperature are # calculated at the saturation pressure. # # INPUT: # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # rho = density [kg/m^3] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 180 C; 0 < S < 160 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 453.15; 0 < S < 0.160 ) # # ACCURACY: 0.1 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2009. # [2] Isdale, and Morris, Desalination, 10(4), 329, 1972. # [3] Millero and Poisson, Deep-Sea Research, 28A (6), 625, 1981 # [4] IAPWS release on the Thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substanc e, 1996. #========================================================================= PARAMETER a, b AS ARRAY(5) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc AS SW_Temperature_rho AS SW_TemperatureC_rho

S rho_w, rho D_rho STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) b(1) b(2) b(3) b(4) b(5) INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; := := := := := := := := := := 9.9992293295e+02; 2.0341179217e-02; -6.1624591598e-03; 2.2614664708e-05; -4.6570659168e-08; 8.0200240891e+02; -2.0005183488e+00; 1.6771024982e-02; -3.0600536746e-05; -1.6132224742e-05;

AS SW_Salinity_rho AS SW_Density AS SW_delta_rho

rho_w = a(1) + a(2)*Tc + a(3)*Tc^2 + a(4)*Tc^3 + a(5)*Tc^4; D_rho = b(1)*S + b(2)*S*Tc + b(3)*S*Tc^2 + b(4)*S*Tc^3 + b(5)*S^2*Tc^2; rho = rho_w + D_rho; END # MODEL SW_Density ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_SpecificHeat # SW_SpcHeat Specific heat at constant pressure of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: cp = SW_SpcHeat(T,S) # DESCRIPTION: # Specific heat of seawater at 0.1 MPa given by [1] # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # cp = specific heat [kJ/kg-K] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 180 C; 0 < S < 180 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 453.15; 0 < S < 0.180 ) # # ACCURACY: 0.28 # # REFERENCES: # [1] D. T. Jamieson, J. S. Tudhope, R. Morris, and G. Cartwright, # Physical properties of sea water solutions: heat capacity, # Desalination, 7(1), 23-30, 1969. #========================================================================= PARAMETER

VARIABLE T Tc S cp STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE T68 := 1.00024*T; S_P := S / (1.00472*1e-3); A B C D := := := :=

AS AS AS AS

SW_Temperature_cp SW_TemperatureC_cp SW_Salinity_cp SW_SpecificHeat

#convert from T_90 to T_68 #convert from S to S_P

5.328 - 9.760E-02*S_P + 4.040E-04*S_P^2; -6.913E-03 + 7.351E-04*S_P - 3.150E-06*S_P^2; 9.600E-06 - 1.927E-06*S_P + 8.230E-09*S_P^2; 2.500E-09 + 1.666E-09*S_P - 7.125E-12*S_P^2;

EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; cp = A + B*T68 + C*T68^2 + D*T68^3; END # MODEL SW_SpecificHeat ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Conductivity # SW_Conductivity Thermal conductivity of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: k = SW_Conductivity(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Thermal conductivity of seawater at 0.1 MPa given by [1] # # INPUT: # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # k = thermal conductivity [kW/m-K] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 180 C; 0 < S < 160 g/kg (273.15 < T < 453.15; 0 < S < 0.160) # # ACCURACY: 3.0 # # REFERENCES: # [1] D. T. Jamieson, and J. S. Tudhope, Desalination, 8, 393-401, 1970. #========================================================================= PARAMETER VARIABLE T Tc S k AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_k SW_TemperatureC_k SW_Salinity_k SW_Conductivity

STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE T68 := 1.00024*T; S_P := S / (1.00472*1e-3); EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; k = 1e-6*(10^(log10(240+0.0002*S_P)+0.434*(2.3-(343.5+0.037*S_P)/(T68))* ((1-(T68)/(647.3+0.03*S_P)))^(1/3))); END # MODEL SW_Conductivity ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Viscosity # SW_Viscosity Dynamic viscosity of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: mu = SW_Viscosity(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Dynamic viscosity of seawater at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) using # Eq. (22) given in [1] which best fit the data of [2], [3] and [4]. # The pure water viscosity equation is a best fit to the data of [5]. # Values at temperature higher than the normal boiling temperature # are calculated at the saturation pressure. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [k] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # mu = dynamic viscosity [kg/m-s] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 180 C and 0 < S < 150 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 453.15; 0 < S < 0. 150) # # ACCURACY: 1.5 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2010 # [2] B. M. Fabuss, A. Korosi, and D. F. Othmer, J., Chem. Eng. Data 14(2), 19 2, 1969. # [3] J. D. Isdale, C. M. Spence, and J. S. Tudhope, Desalination, 10(4), 319 - 328, 1972 # [4] F. J. Millero, The Sea, Vol. 5, 3 ?80, John Wiley, New York, 1974 # [5] IAPWS release on the viscosity of ordinary water substance 2008 #========================================================================= PARAMETER a AS ARRAY(10) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc AS SW_Temperature_mu AS SW_TemperatureC_mu #convert from T_90 to T_68 #convert from S to S_P

S mu_w, mu STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) a(7) a(8) a(9) a(10) := := := := := := := := := := 1.5700386464e-01; 6.4992620050e+01; -9.1296496657e+01; 4.2844324477e-05; 1.5409136040e+00; 1.9981117208e-02; -9.5203865864e-05; 7.9739318223e+00; -7.5614568881e-02; 4.7237011074e-04;

AS SW_Salinity_mu AS SW_Viscosity

INTERMEDIATE C := a(5) + a(6)*Tc + a(7)*Tc^2; B := a(8) + a(9)*Tc + a(10)*Tc^2; EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; mu_w = a(4) + 1/(a(1)*(Tc+a(2))^2+a(3)); mu = mu_w*(1 + C*S + B*S^2); END # MODEL SW_Viscosity ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_SurfaceTension # SW_SurfaceTension Surface tension of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: sigma = SW_SurfaceTension(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Surface tension of seawater at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) using Eq. (28) # given by [1] which best fit the data of [2] and [3]. The pure water # surface tension is given by [4]. Values at temperature higher than # the normal boiling temperature are calculated at the saturation pressure. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # sigma = surface tension [N/m] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 40 C, 0 < S < 40 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 313.15; 0 < S < 0.040) # # ACCURACY: 0.18 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2009. # [2] O. Krummel, Wiss. Meeresunters. der Kieler Komm., Bd. 5, Heft 2, 1900.

# [3] C. Guohua, S. Jingzeng, G. Ling, and Z. Lijun, Study on the surface ten sion of seawater, # Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 25(3), 306-311, 1994. # [4] IAPWS, Release on the Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance, 1994. #========================================================================= PARAMETER a AS ARRAY(3) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc S sigma_w, sigma STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) := 2.2637334337e-04; a(2) := 9.4579521377e-03; a(3) := 3.3104954843e-02; INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; sigma_w = 0.2358*((1-(T/647.096))^1.256)*(1-0.625*(1-(T/647.096))); sigma = sigma_w*(1+(a(1)*Tc+a(2))*log(1+a(3)*S*1e3)); END # MODEL SW_SurfaceTension ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Psat # SW_Psat Saturation (vapor) pressure of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: Pv = SW_Psat(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Vapor pressure of seawater given by [1] based on Raoult's law. # The pure water vapor pressure is given by [2] # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [degree C] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [g/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # Pv = vapor pressure [kN/m^2] = [kPa] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 200 C; 0 < S < 240 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 473.15; 0 < S < 0.240 ) # # ACCURACY: 0.1 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2009. # [2] ASHRAE handbook: Fundamentals, ASHRAE; 2005. AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_sigma SW_TemperatureC_sigma SW_Salinity_sigma SW_SurfaceTension

#========================================================================= PARAMETER a AS ARRAY(6) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc S Pv_w, Psat STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; Pv_w = exp( a(1)/T + a(2) + a(3)*T + a(4)*T^2 + a(5)*T^3 + a(6)*log(T) ) /1000; Psat = Pv_w/(1+0.57357*(S/(1-S))); END # MODEL SW_Psat ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_BPE # SW_BPE Boiling point elevation of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: BPE = SW_BPE(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Boiling point elevation of seawater using Eq. (36) given in [1] # which best fit the data of [2]. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # BPE = boiling point elevation [K] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 200 C; 0 < S < 120 g/kg (273.15 < T < 473.15; 0 < S < 0.120) # # ACCURACY: 0.018 K # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2009. # [2] L. A. Bromley, D. Singh, P. Ray, S. Sridhar, and S. M. Read, Thermodynam ic properties of sea salt solutions, AIChE Journal 20, 326-335, 1974. := := := := := := -5.8002206e+03; 1.3914993e+00; -4.8640239e-02; 4.1764768e-05; -1.4452093e-08; 6.5459673e+00; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_Psat SW_TemperatureC_Psat SW_Salinity_Psat SW_PressureSat

#========================================================================= PARAMETER a AS ARRAY(6) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc S BPE STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) := := := := := := -4.5838530457e-04; 2.8230948284e-01; 1.7945189194e+01; 1.5361752708e-04; 5.2669058133e-02; 6.5604855793e+00; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_BPE SW_TemperatureC_BPE SW_Salinity_BPE SW_BPE

INTERMEDIATE C := a(1)*Tc^2 + a(2)*Tc + a(3); B := a(4)*Tc^2 + a(5)*Tc + a(6); EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; BPE = C*S^2 + B*S; END # MODEL SW_BPE ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_LatentHeat # SW_LatentHeat Latent Heat of vaporization of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: hfg = SW_LatentHeat(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Latent heat of vaporization of seawater using Eq. (37) given by [1]. # The pure water latent heat is a best fit to the data of [2]. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # hfg = Latent heat of vaporization [kJ/kg] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 200 C; 0 < S < 240 g/kg (273.15 < T < 473.15; 0 < S < 0.240) # # ACCURACY: 0.01 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2010. # [3] IAPWS release on the Thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substanc e, 1996.

#========================================================================= PARAMETER a AS ARRAY(5) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc S hfg_w, hfg STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; hfg_w = (a(1) + a(2)*Tc + a(3)*Tc^2 + a(4)*Tc^3 + a(5)*Tc^4)/1000; hfg = hfg_w*(1-S); END # MODEL SW_LatentHeat ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Enthalpy # SW_Enthalpy Specific enthalpy of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: h = SW_Enthalpy(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Specific enthalpy of seawater at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) using Eq. (4 3) # given by [1] which best fit the data of [2]. The pure water specific # enthalpy equation is a best fit to the data of [3]. # Values at temperature higher than the normal boiling temperature are # calculated at the saturation pressure. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # h = specific enthalpy [kJ/kg] # # VALIDITY: 10 < T < 120 C, 0 < S < 120 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 393.15; 0 < S < 0.12 0) # # ACCURACY: 1.5 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate := := := := := 2.5008991412e+06; -2.3691806479e+03; 2.6776439436e-01; -8.1027544602e-03; -2.0799346624e-05; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_hfg SW_TemperatureC_hfg SW_Salinity_hfg SW_hfg

r Treatment, 2010. # [2] L. A. Bromley, A. E. Diamond, E. Salami, and D. G. Wilkins, # Heat capacities and enthalpies of sea salt solutions to 200 degree C. J. Chem. Eng. Data 15, 246?53, 1970. # [3] IAPWS release on the Thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substanc e, 1996. #========================================================================= PARAMETER b AS ARRAY(10) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc S h_w, h STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET b(1) b(2) b(3) b(4) b(5) b(6) b(7) b(8) b(9) b(10) INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; h_w = (141.355 + 4202.07*Tc - 0.535*Tc^2 + 0.004*Tc^3)/1000; h = h_w - S*(b(1) + b(2)*S + b(3)*S^2 + b(4)*S^3 + b(5)*Tc + b(6)*Tc^2 + b(7)*Tc^3 + b(8)*S*Tc + b(9)*S^2*Tc + b(10)*S*Tc^2)/1000; END # MODEL SW_Enthalpy ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Entropy # SW_Entropy Specific entropy of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: s = SW_Entropy(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Specific entropy of seawater at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) using Eq. (46 ) # given in [1] which best fit the data of [2]. The pure water specific # entropy equation is a best fit to the data of [3]. # Values at temperature higher than the normal boiling temperature are # calculated at the saturation pressure. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) := := := := := := := := := := -2.34825e+04; 3.15183e+05; 2.80269e+06; -1.44606e+07; 7.82607e+03; -4.41733e+01; 2.13940e-01; -1.99108e+04; 2.77846e+04; 9.72801e+01; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_h SW_TemperatureC_h SW_Salinity_h SW_Enthalpy

# S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # s = specific entropy [kJ/kg-K] # # VALIDITY: 10 < T < 120 C, 0 < S < 120 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 393.15; 0 < S < 0.12 0) # # ACCURACY: 0.5 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2010. # [2] IAPWS release on the thermodynamic properties of seawater, 2008 # [3] IAPWS release on the Thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substanc e, 1996. #========================================================================= PARAMETER a b VARIABLE T Tc S s_w, s_SW STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) b(1) b(2) b(3) b(4) b(5) b(6) b(7) b(8) b(9) b(10) INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; s_w = (a(1) + a(2)*Tc + a(3)*Tc^2 + a(4)*Tc^3 + a(5)*Tc^4)/1000; s_SW = s_w - S*(b(1) + b(2)*S + b(3)*S^2 + b(4)*S^3 + b(5)*Tc + b(6)*Tc^ 2 + b(7)*Tc^3 + b(8)*S*Tc + b(9)*S^2*Tc + b(10)*S*Tc^2)/1000; END # MODEL SW_Entropy := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := 1.5432265080e-01; 1.5382700241e+01; -2.9963211781e-02; 8.1929151062e-05; -1.3699640311e-07; -4.2307343871e+02; 1.4630334922e+04; -9.8796297642e+04; 3.0946224962e+05; 2.5623880831e+01; -1.4432346624e-01; 5.8790568541e-04; -6.1106764270e+01; 8.0408001971e+01; 3.0354282687e-01; AS ARRAY(5) OF REAL AS ARRAY(10) OF REAL AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_s SW_TemperatureC_s SW_Salinity_s SW_Entropy

################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Osmotic # SW_Osmotic Osmotic coefficient of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: phi = SW_Osmotic(T,S) # # DESCRIPTION: # Osmotic coefficient of seawater using Eq.(49) given by [1] which # best fit the data of [2]. # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # phi = osmotic coefficient [-] # # VALIDITY: 0 < T < 200 C, 10 < S < 120 g/kg; (273.15 < T < 473.15; 10 < S < 0.1 20) # # ACCURACY: 1.4 # # REFERENCES: # [1] Sharqawy M. H., Lienhard J. H., and Zubair, S. M., Desalination and Wate r Treatment, 2010. # [2] L. A. Bromley, D. Singh, P. Ray, S. Sridhar, and S. M. Read, # Thermodynamic properties of sea salt solutions, AIChE Journal 20, 326-33 5, 1974. #========================================================================= PARAMETER a AS ARRAY(10) OF REAL VARIABLE T Tc S phi STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) a(7) a(8) a(9) a(10) := := := := := := := := := := 8.9453233003e-01; 4.1560737424e-04; -4.6262121398e-06; 2.2211195897e-11; -1.1445456438e-04; -1.4783462366e-06; -1.3526263499e-11; 7.0132355546e-06; 5.6960486681e-08; -2.8624032584e-10; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_phi SW_TemperatureC_phi SW_Salinity_phi SW_OsmoticCoefficient

INTERMEDIATE Sgkg := S*1000; EQUATION

Tc = T - 273.15; phi = a(1)+a(2)*Tc+a(3)*Tc^2+a(4)*Tc^4+a(5)*Sgkg+a(6)*Tc*Sgkg+a(7)*Sgkg* Tc^3+a(8)*Sgkg^2+a(9)*Sgkg^2*Tc+a(10)*Sgkg^2*Tc^2; END # MODEL SW_Osmotic ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_InternalEnergy # SW_InternalEnergy Internal energy of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: u = SW_InternalEnergy(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # u = internal energy [kJ/kg] #========================================================================= PARAMETER UNIT SW_Density SW_Enthalpy SW_Psat VARIABLE T Tc S P u STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_Density.T SW_Density.S SW_Enthalpy.T SW_Enthalpy.S SW_Psat.T SW_Psat.S = = = = = = T; S; T; S; T; S; AS SW_Density AS SW_Enthalpy AS SW_Psat AS AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_u SW_TemperatureC_u SW_Salinity_u SW_PressureSat SW_InternalEnergy

IF (T>373.15) THEN P = SW_Psat.Psat; ELSE P = 101.325; END u = SW_Enthalpy.h - P/SW_Density.rho;

END # MODEL SW_InternalEnergy ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Prandtl # SW_Prandtl Prandtl number of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: Pr = SW_Prandtl(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # Pr = Prandtl number [-] #========================================================================= PARAMETER UNIT SW_SpecificHeat SW_Viscosity SW_Conductivity VARIABLE T Tc S Pr AS SW_SpecificHeat AS SW_Viscosity AS SW_Conductivity AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_Pr SW_TemperatureC_Pr SW_Salinity_Pr SW_Prandtl

STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_SpecificHeat.T SW_SpecificHeat.S SW_Viscosity.T SW_Viscosity.S SW_Conductivity.T SW_Conductivity.S = = = = = = T; S; T; S; T; S;

Pr = SW_SpecificHeat.cp*SW_Viscosity.mu/SW_Conductivity.k; END # MODEL SW_Prandtl ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Diffusivity # SW_Diffusivity Thermal diffusivity of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: alpha = SW_Diffusivity(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90)

# S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # alpha = thermal diffusivity [m^2/s] #========================================================================= PARAMETER UNIT SW_Density SW_SpecificHeat SW_Conductivity VARIABLE T Tc S alpha STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_Density.T SW_Density.S SW_SpecificHeat.T SW_SpecificHeat.S SW_Conductivity.T SW_Conductivity.S = = = = = = T; S; T; S; T; S; AS SW_Density AS SW_SpecificHeat AS SW_Conductivity AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_alpha SW_TemperatureC_alpha SW_Salinity_alpha SW_Diffusivity

alpha = SW_Conductivity.k/(SW_Density.rho*SW_SpecificHeat.cp); END # MODEL SW_Diffusivity ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_KViscosity # SW_KViscosity Kinematic viscosity of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: nu = SW_KViscosity(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # nu = kinematic viscosity [m^2/s] #========================================================================= PARAMETER UNIT SW_Density SW_Viscosity VARIABLE AS SW_Density AS SW_Viscosity

T Tc S nu STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_Density.T SW_Density.S SW_Viscosity.T SW_Viscosity.S = = = = T; S; T; S;

AS AS AS AS

SW_Temperature_nu SW_TemperatureC_nu SW_Salinity_nu SW_KViscosity

nu = SW_Viscosity.mu/SW_Density.rho; END # MODEL SW_Kviscosity ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Volume # SW_Volume Specific volume of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: v = SW_Volume(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # v = specific volume [m^3/kg] #========================================================================= PARAMETER UNIT SW_Density VARIABLE T Tc S v STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_Density.T SW_Density.S = T; = S; AS SW_Density AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_v SW_TemperatureC_v SW_Salinity_v SW_Volume

v = 1/SW_Density.rho; END # MODEL SW_Volume ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_GibbsFreeEnergy # SW_GibbsFreeEnergy Gibbs free energy of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: g = SW_GibbsFreeEnergy(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # g = SW_GibbsFreeEnergy [kJ/kg] #========================================================================= PARAMETER UNIT SW_Enthalpy SW_Entropy VARIABLE T Tc S g STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_Enthalpy.T SW_Enthalpy.S SW_Entropy.T SW_Entropy.S = = = = T; S; T; S; AS SW_Enthalpy AS SW_Entropy AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_g SW_TemperatureC_g SW_Salinity_g SW_GibbsFreeEnergy

g = SW_Enthalpy.h - T*SW_Entropy.s_SW; END # MODEL SW_GibbsFreeEnergy ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_ChemPot_W # SW_ChemPot_W Chemical potential of water in seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: mu_w = SW_ChemPot_W(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90)

# S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # mu_w = chemical potential [kJ/kg] #========================================================================= PARAMETER a, b AS ARRAY(10) OF REAL UNIT SW_GibbsFreeEnergy AS SW_GibbsFreeEnergy VARIABLE T Tc S mu_w STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) a(7) a(8) a(9) a(10) b(1) b(2) b(3) b(4) b(5) b(6) b(7) b(8) b(9) b(10) := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := -2.34825e+04; 3.15183e+05; 2.80269e+06; -1.44606e+07; 7.82607e+03; -4.41733e+01; 2.13940e-01; -1.99108e+04; 2.77846e+04; 9.72801e+01; -4.2307343871e+02; 1.4630334922e+04; -9.8796297642e+04; 3.0946224962e+05; 2.5623880831e+01; -1.4432346624e-01; 5.8790568541e-04; -6.1106764270e+01; 8.0408001971e+01; 3.0354282687e-01; -(a(1) + 2*a(2)*S + 3*a(3)*S^2 + 4*a(4)*S^3 + a(5)*Tc + a(6)*Tc^ 2*a(8)*S*Tc + 3*a(9)*S^2*Tc + 2*a(10)*S*Tc^2)/1e3; -(b(1) + 2*b(2)*S + 3*b(3)*S^2 + 4*b(4)*S^3 + b(5)*Tc + b(6)*Tc^ 2*b(8)*S*Tc + 3*b(9)*S^2*Tc + 2*b(10)*S*Tc^2)/1e3; dhds - T*dsds; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_mu_i SW_TemperatureC_mu_i SW_Salinity_mu_i SW_ChemicalPotential

INTERMEDIATE dhds := 2 + a(7)*Tc^3 + dsds := 2 + b(7)*Tc^3 + dgds :=

EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.T = T; SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.S = S; mu_w = SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.g - S*dgds; END # MODEL SW_ChemPot_W ################################################################################

################################################################################ MODEL SW_ChemPot_S # SW_ChemPot_S Chemical potential of salts in seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: mu_s = SW_ChemPot_S(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # mu_w = chemical potential [kJ/kg] #========================================================================= PARAMETER a, b AS ARRAY(10) OF REAL UNIT SW_GibbsFreeEnergy AS SW_GibbsFreeEnergy VARIABLE T Tc S mu_s STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET a(1) a(2) a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) a(7) a(8) a(9) a(10) b(1) b(2) b(3) b(4) b(5) b(6) b(7) b(8) b(9) b(10) := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := := -2.34825e+04; 3.15183e+05; 2.80269e+06; -1.44606e+07; 7.82607e+03; -4.41733e+01; 2.13940e-01; -1.99108e+04; 2.77846e+04; 9.72801e+01; -4.2307343871e+02; 1.4630334922e+04; -9.8796297642e+04; 3.0946224962e+05; 2.5623880831e+01; -1.4432346624e-01; 5.8790568541e-04; -6.1106764270e+01; 8.0408001971e+01; 3.0354282687e-01; -(a(1) + 2*a(2)*S + 3*a(3)*S^2 + 4*a(4)*S^3 + a(5)*Tc + a(6)*Tc^ 2*a(8)*S*Tc + 3*a(9)*S^2*Tc + 2*a(10)*S*Tc^2)/1e3; -(b(1) + 2*b(2)*S + 3*b(3)*S^2 + 4*b(4)*S^3 + b(5)*Tc + b(6)*Tc^ 2*b(8)*S*Tc + 3*b(9)*S^2*Tc + 2*b(10)*S*Tc^2)/1e3; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_mu_i SW_TemperatureC_mu_i SW_Salinity_mu_i SW_ChemicalPotential

INTERMEDIATE dhds := 2 + a(7)*Tc^3 + dsds := 2 + b(7)*Tc^3 +

dgds := dhds - T*dsds; EQUATION

Tc = T - 273.15; SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.T = T; SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.S = S; mu_s = SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.g + (1-S)*dgds; END # MODEL SW_ChemPot_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ MODEL SW_Exergy # SW_Exergy Specific flow exergy of seawater #========================================================================= # USAGE: xi = SW_Exergy(T,S) # # INPUT: (all must have same dimensions) # T = temperature [K] (ITS-90) # S = salinity [kg/kg] (reference-composition salinity) # # OUTPUT: # xi = specific flow exergy [kJ/kg] #========================================================================= PARAMETER T0 AS REAL DEFAULT 298.15 S0 AS REAL DEFAULT 0.035 UNIT SW_Enthalpy, SW_EnthalpyStar AS SW_Enthalpy SW_Entropy, SW_EntropyStar AS SW_Entropy SW_ChemPot_W0, SW_ChemPot_WStar AS SW_ChemPot_W SW_ChemPot_S0, SW_ChemPot_SStar AS SW_ChemPot_S VARIABLE T Tc S xi STREAM # FluidStream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE dh ds dmu_w dmu_s := := := := SW_Enthalpy.h - SW_EnthalpyStar.h; SW_Entropy.s_SW - SW_EntropyStar.s_SW; SW_ChemPot_WStar.mu_w - SW_ChemPot_W0.mu_w; SW_ChemPot_SStar.mu_s - SW_ChemPot_S0.mu_s; AS AS AS AS SW_Temperature_xi SW_TemperatureC_xi SW_Salinity_xi SW_Exergy

EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_Enthalpy.T = T; SW_Enthalpy.S = S; SW_EnthalpyStar.T = T0; SW_EnthalpyStar.S = S; SW_Entropy.T = T;

SW_Entropy.S = S; SW_EntropyStar.T = T0; SW_EntropyStar.S = S; SW_ChemPot_WStar.T = T0; SW_ChemPot_WStar.S = S; SW_ChemPot_W0.T = T0; SW_ChemPot_W0.S = S0; SW_ChemPot_SStar.T = T0; SW_ChemPot_SStar.S = S; SW_ChemPot_S0.T = T0; SW_ChemPot_S0.S = S0; xi = dh-T0*ds + (1-S)*dmu_w+S*dmu_s; END # MODEL SW_ChemPot_S ################################################################################

################################################################################ MODEL SW_Properties PARAMETER UNIT SW_h SW_s VARIABLE Tc T X h s STREAM # SW_Stream : m, T, P AS WaterStream SET INTERMEDIATE EQUATION Tc = T - 273.15; SW_h.T = T; SW_h.S = X; SW_h.h = h; SW_s.T = T; SW_s.S = X; SW_s.s_SW = s; END # MODEL SW_Density ################################################################################ ################################################################################ AS SW_Enthalpy AS SW_Entropy AS AS AS AS AS SW_TemperatureC_h SW_Temperature_h SW_Salinity_h SW_Enthalpy SW_Entropy

SIMULATION SW_Density_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Density AS SW_Density INPUT WITHIN SW_Density DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Density SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Density.rho END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Density END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Density_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_SpecificHeat_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_SpecificHeat AS SW_SpecificHeat INPUT WITHIN SW_SpecificHeat DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_SpecificHeat SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1

DISPLAY , SW_SpecificHeat.cp END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_SpecificHeat END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_SpecificHeat_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Conductivity_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Conductivity AS SW_Conductivity INPUT WITHIN SW_Conductivity DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Conductivity SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Conductivity.k END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Conductivity END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Conductivity_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Viscosity_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Viscosity AS SW_Viscosity INPUT WITHIN SW_Viscosity DO

T S END PRESET

:= 273.15 + 20; := 0.025;

#INCLUDE P_SW_Viscosity SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Viscosity.mu END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Viscosity END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Viscosity_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_SurfaceTension_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_SurfaceTension AS SW_SurfaceTension INPUT WITHIN SW_SurfaceTension DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_SurfaceTension SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_SurfaceTension.sigma END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_SurfaceTension END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_SurfaceTension_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Psat_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging:

# # # # UNIT

INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds SW_Psat AS SW_Psat

INPUT WITHIN SW_Psat DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Psat SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Psat.Psat END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Psat END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Psat_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_BPE_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_BPE AS SW_BPE INPUT WITHIN SW_BPE DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_BPE SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_BPE.BPE END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_BPE END # SEQUENCE

END # SIMULATION SW_BPE_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_LatentHeat_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_LatentHeat AS SW_LatentHeat INPUT WITHIN SW_LatentHeat DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_LatentHeat SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_LatentHeat.hfg END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_LatentHeat END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_LatentHeat_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Enthalpy_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Enthalpy AS SW_Enthalpy INPUT WITHIN SW_Enthalpy DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET

#INCLUDE P_SW_Enthalpy SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Enthalpy.h END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Enthalpy END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Enthalpy_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Entropy_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Entropy AS SW_Entropy INPUT WITHIN SW_Entropy DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Entropy SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Entropy.s_SW END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Enthalpy END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Entropy_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Osmotic_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds

UNIT SW_Osmotic AS SW_Osmotic INPUT WITHIN SW_Osmotic DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Osmotic SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Osmotic.phi END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Osmotic END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Osmotic_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_InternalEnergy_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_InternalEnergy AS SW_InternalEnergy INPUT WITHIN SW_InternalEnergy DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_InternalEnergy SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_InternalEnergy.u END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_InternalEnergy END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_InternalEnergy ################################################################################ ################################################################################

SIMULATION SW_Prandtl_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Prandtl AS SW_Prandtl INPUT WITHIN SW_Prandtl DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Prandtl SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Prandtl.Pr END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Prandtl END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Prandtl ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Diffusivity_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Diffusivity AS SW_Diffusivity INPUT WITHIN SW_Diffusivity DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Diffusivity SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1

DISPLAY , SW_Diffusivity.alpha END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Diffusivity END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Diffusivity ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_KViscosity_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_KViscosity AS SW_KViscosity INPUT WITHIN SW_KViscosity DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_KViscosity SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_KViscosity.nu END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_KViscosity END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_KViscosity ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Volume_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Volume AS SW_Volume INPUT WITHIN SW_Volume DO

T S END PRESET

:= 273.15 + 20; := 0.025;

#INCLUDE P_SW_Volume SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Volume.v END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Volume END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Volume ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_GibbsFreeEnergy_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_GibbsFreeEnergy AS SW_GibbsFreeEnergy INPUT WITHIN SW_GibbsFreeEnergy DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_GibbsFreeEnergy SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.g END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_GibbsFreeEnergy END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Volume ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_ChemPot_W_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging:

# # # # UNIT

INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds SW_ChemPot_W AS SW_ChemPot_W

INPUT WITHIN SW_ChemPot_W DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_ChemPot_W SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_ChemPot_W.mu_w END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_ChemPot_W END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_ChemPot_W ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_ChemPot_S_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_ChemPot_S AS SW_ChemPot_S INPUT WITHIN SW_ChemPot_S DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_ChemPot_S SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_ChemPot_S.mu_s END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_ChemPot_S END # SEQUENCE

END # SIMULATION SW_ChemPot_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Exergy_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Exergy AS SW_Exergy SET WITHIN SW_Exergy DO T0 := 298.15; S0 := 0.035; END INPUT WITHIN SW_Exergy DO T := 273.15 + 20; S := 0.025; END PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_Exergy SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Exergy.xi END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Exergy END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Exergy ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_All_Properties_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds PARAMETER T_in S_in UNIT AS REAL DEFAULT 273.15 + 30 AS REAL DEFAULT 0.030

SW_Density SW_SpecificHeat SW_Conductivity SW_Viscosity SW_SurfaceTension SW_Psat SW_BPE SW_LatentHeat SW_Enthalpy SW_Entropy SW_Osmotic SW_InternalEnergy SW_Prandtl SW_Diffusivity SW_KViscosity SW_Volume SW_GibbsFreeEnergy SW_ChemPot_W SW_ChemPot_S SW_Exergy SET WITHIN SW_Exergy DO T0 := 298.15; S0 := 0.035; END INPUT SW_Density.T SW_Density.S

AS AS AS AS AS

AS AS AS AS AS AS

AS SW_Density SW_SpecificHeat SW_Conductivity SW_Viscosity SW_SurfaceTension AS SW_Psat AS SW_BPE SW_LatentHeat AS SW_Enthalpy AS SW_Entropy AS SW_Osmotic SW_InternalEnergy AS SW_Prandtl SW_Diffusivity SW_KViscosity AS SW_Volume SW_GibbsFreeEnergy SW_ChemPot_W SW_ChemPot_S AS SW_Exergy

:= T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in;

SW_SpecificHeat.T SW_SpecificHeat.S SW_Conductivity.T SW_Conductivity.S SW_Viscosity.T SW_Viscosity.S SW_SurfaceTension.T SW_SurfaceTension.S SW_Psat.T SW_Psat.S SW_BPE.T SW_BPE.S SW_LatentHeat.T SW_LatentHeat.S SW_Enthalpy.T SW_Enthalpy.S SW_Entropy.T SW_Entropy.S SW_Osmotic.T SW_Osmotic.S

SW_InternalEnergy.T SW_InternalEnergy.S SW_Prandtl.T SW_Prandtl.S SW_Diffusivity.T SW_Diffusivity.S SW_KViscosity.T SW_KViscosity.S SW_Volume.T SW_Volume.S

:= T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in;

SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.T:= T_in; SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.S:= S_in; SW_ChemPot_W.T SW_ChemPot_W.S SW_ChemPot_S.T SW_ChemPot_S.S SW_Exergy.T SW_Exergy.S PRESET #INCLUDE P_SW_All_Properties SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Diffusivity.alpha , SW_BPE.BPE , SW_SpecificHeat.cp , SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.g , SW_Enthalpy.h , SW_LatentHeat.hfg , SW_Conductivity.k , SW_Viscosity.mu , SW_ChemPot_S.mu_s , SW_ChemPot_W.mu_w , SW_KViscosity.nu , SW_Osmotic.phi , SW_Prandtl.Pr , SW_Psat.psat , SW_Density.rho , SW_SurfaceTension.sigma , SW_Entropy.s_SW , SW_InternalEnergy.u , SW_Volume.v , SW_Exergy.xi , SW_Density.rho , SW_SpecificHeat.cp , SW_Conductivity.k , SW_Viscosity.mu , SW_SurfaceTension.sigma , SW_Psat.psat := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in; := T_in; := S_in;

# # # # # #

# # # # # # # # # # # # # #

, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

SW_BPE.BPE SW_LatentHeat.hfg SW_Enthalpy.h SW_Entropy.s_SW SW_Osmotic.phi SW_InternalEnergy.u SW_Prandtl.Pr SW_Diffusivity.alpha SW_KViscosity.nu SW_Volume.v SW_GibbsFreeEnergy.g SW_ChemPot_W.mu_w SW_ChemPot_S.mu_s SW_Exergy.xi

END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_All_Properties END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_All_Properties_S ################################################################################ ################################################################################ SIMULATION SW_Properties_S OPTIONS INIT_MAX_ITERATIONS := 100; # Default: 100 CSVOUTPUT := TRUE; ##### For Debugging: # INIT_PRINT_LEVEL := 3; # INIT_ABSOLUTE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_RELATIVE_TOLERANCE :=1e-3; # Default is 1e-6 # INIT_BOUNDS := FALSE; # Ignore variable bounds UNIT SW_Properties AS SW_Properties INPUT # WITHIN SW_Properties DO T := 273.15+20; Tc := 20; X := 0.02; END #INCLUDE P_SW_ChemPot_S SCHEDULE SEQUENCE # CONTINUE FOR 1 DISPLAY , SW_Properties.T , SW_Properties.X , SW_Properties.h , SW_Properties.s END SAVE PRESETS P_SW_Properites END # SEQUENCE END # SIMULATION SW_Properties_S ################################################################################

PRESET