1.1 - Relational Database Concepts

Relational Database Concepts
IBM Information Management Cloud Computing Center of Competence IBM Canada Labs
1
2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Overview Information and Data Models The relational model Entity-Relationship diagrams Types of relationships Mapping entities to tables Relational model concepts Relational model constraints Normalization
Supporting reading material & videos

Reading materials Database Fundamentals eBook
Chapter 1: Databases and information models Chapter 2: The relational data model Chapter 3: The conceptual data model (optional) Chapter 4: Relational database design (optional)
Videos db2university.com course AA001EN

Lesson 1: Relational database concepts
Agenda
Data vs. Information
Data:
Collection of letters, numbers or facts
Information: Processed data that provides value
Databases and DBMS

Databases A repository of data DBMS (Database management system) Software system that manages databases The terms Database, DBMS, data server, database server often used interchangeably to refer to a DBMS Why a DBMS? Security Can handle many users with good performance Allows for concurrency while keeping data consistent Protects from disaster
6
Agenda
Information and Data Models

Relationship between an Information Model and a Data Model
Data Models Network Hierarchical Relational Entity-Relationship Extended relational Semantic Object-oriented Object-relational Semi-structured
Agenda
10
Relational Model
11
Entity-Relationship Diagrams
Building Blocks Entities Attributes

Entity
Attribute
12
Entity and Attributes
13
ER diagram
Title Description Editon
Aisle
Book
Year
Pages ISBN Price
14
Exercise: Identify entities and attributes
House Social Security Number Product Date Height

15
Phone # Computer
Order #
Did you get them right?
House Social Security Number Product Date Height

16
Phone # Computer
Order #
Agenda
Overview Entity-relationship diagrams The relational model Entity-Relationship diagrams Types of relationships Mapping entities to tables Relational model concepts Relational model constraints Normalization
17
Relationships
Building Blocks
Entity sets Relationship sets Crows Foot notations
18
ERD of Book
Aisle
Book
Year
Pages ISBN Price
19
ERD of Author
Author_Id
Lastname
Country
Author
Firstname
City
Email
20
Example 1
21
Example 2
22
Types of Relationships
Book
Authored By
Author
One-to-one Relationship
23
Types of Relationships (Continued)
Book
Authored By
Author
One-to-many Relationships
24
Types of Relationships (Continued)
Book
Authored By
Author
Many-to-many Relationships
25
Agenda
26
ERD revisited
Aisle
Book
Year
Pages ISBN Price
27
Mapping entity to a table

Description Title Editon
Entity Book Table
Aisle Pages
Attributes
ISBN Price
Year
Columns
28
Mapping entity to a table (Continued)
Table: Book
Title Database Fundamentals Edition 1 Year 2010 Price 24.99 ISBN Pages Aisle DBA02 Description Teaches you the fundamentals of databases Teaches you the essentials of DB2 using DB2 ExpressC, the free version of DB2 978-0- 300 98662 83-1-1 978-0- 280 98662 83-5-1
Getting started 1 with DB2 Express-C
2010
24.99
DBA01
29
Mapping entity to a table (Continued)
Table: Author
Author_ID A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Lastname Chong Ahuja Hakes Sharma Perniu Firstname Raul Rav Ian Neeraj Liviu Email rfc@ibm.com ra@ibm.com ih@ibm.com ns@ibm.com lp@univ.com City Toronto Toronto Toronto Chennai Country CA CA CA IN
Transilva RO nia
30
Agenda
31
Relational Model Concepts
Dr. E.F. Codd of IBM in 1970: A Relational Model for Large Shared Data Banks
Building Blocks Relation Sets
32
A Relational Database
Relational Database
Relation
Relation Schema Relation Instance
33
A Relation
AUTHOR(Author_ID: char, lastname: varchar, firstname: varchar, email: varchar, city: varchar, country: char)
Relation Schema
Relation Instance
DEGREE=6 CARDINALITY=5
Author_ ID Lastname
ATTRIBUTES
Firstna me
Email
City
Country
A1 A2
Chong Ahuja Hakes Sharma Perniu
Raul Rav Ian Neeraj Liviu
rfc@ibm.com ra@ibm.com ih@ibm.com ns@ibm.com lp@univ.com
Toronto Toronto Toronto Chennai Transilvania
CA
CA CA IN RO
TUPLES
A3 A4 A5
A DOMAIN is the set of all possible values for a specific attribute

34
Agenda
35
Relational Model Constraints
Business Rules Book

Authored By
Author
Referencing
Data Integrity
36
ERD representation of a Relational Data Model

Primary Key
Parent Table Dependant Table
Foreign Key
37
Constraints
Entity Integrity Constraint Referential Integrity Constraint Semantic Integrity Constraint Domain Constraint Null Constraint Check Constraint
38
Entity Integrity Constraint
AUTHOR
Author_ID [PK] A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 Lastname Firstname Email City Country
CA CA CA IN RO
39
AUTHOR
CA CA CA IN RO
40
AUTHOR
Author_ID [PK] A1 NULL A2 A3 A4 A5 Lastname Firstname Email City Country
CA CA CA IN RO
41
AUTHOR
Author_ID [PK] A1 NULL A2 A3 A4 NULL A5 Lastname Firstname Email City Country
CA CA CA IN RO
42
Referential Integrity Constraint
Book
Authored By
Author
Referencing
43
Semantic Integrity Constraint

AUTHOR
CA CA CA IN RO
44
Semantic Integrity Constraint

AUTHOR
Toronto 12(*)&^23
Toronto Toronto Chennai Transilvania
CA CA CA IN RO
45
Domain Constraint
AUTHOR
Author_ID Lastname Firstname Email City Country
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
CA CA CA
IN RO
46
Domain Constraint
AUTHOR
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
CA 34 CA
34
CA 34
IN RO
47
NULL Constraint
AUTHOR
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
CA CA CA IN RO
48
NULL Constraint
AUTHOR
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Chong Ahuja Hakes NULL Sharma Perniu
Raul NULL Rav Ian Neeraj Liviu
CA CA CA IN RO
49
Check Constraint
BOOK
2010
24.99
DBA01
50
Check Constraint
BOOK
2010 24.99 2015
DBA01
51
Agenda
52
Normalization

Process in database design to remove redundancies Example: Consider the following table listing all the tasks of an employee:
Problem:
If John moves to a new city, all entries related to John must be updated
53
Normalization (continued)
No redundancy, no anomalies, no loss of information
54
Thank you!
55

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Relational Database Concepts

2011 IBM Corporation

Supporting reading material & videos

Videos db2university.com course AA001EN

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Data vs. Information

Collection of letters, numbers or facts

Information: Processed data that provides value

2011 IBM Corporation

Databases and DBMS

2011 IBM Corporation

Information and Data Models

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Building Blocks Entities Attributes

2011 IBM Corporation

Entity and Attributes

2011 IBM Corporation

Title Description Editon

Pages ISBN Price

2011 IBM Corporation

Exercise: Identify entities and attributes

House Social Security Number Product Date Height

Did you get them right?

House Social Security Number Product Date Height

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Title Description Editon

Pages ISBN Price

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Types of Relationships (Continued)

2011 IBM Corporation

Types of Relationships (Continued)

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Pages ISBN Price

2011 IBM Corporation

Mapping entity to a table

Entity Book Table

Mapping entity to a table (Continued)

Getting started 1 with DB2 Express-C

2011 IBM Corporation

Mapping entity to a table (Continued)

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Relational Model Concepts

Building Blocks Relation Sets

2011 IBM Corporation

2011 IBM Corporation

Chong Ahuja Hakes Sharma Perniu

Raul Rav Ian Neeraj Liviu

rfc@ibm.com ra@ibm.com ih@ibm.com ns@ibm.com lp@univ.com