:

A
.

. . ,

||
:
, ,
||,
>0 <0.
.

,
.

a , 0
a =
a , < 0

0
.

||=|-|>0 ||=0=0

|3|=3 , |-3|=-(-3)=3 ,
2

|x +1|=x +1 , |-2x -3|=2x +3

|x2|=x2 , |-2-3x4|=2+3x4

: |-1|+|+2|=0


=1 =-2 ,

x 1 , x 1
x 1 =
- x + 1 , x < 1

2 x + 1 , x - 2
2x + 1 =
1
- 2x 1 , x <
2

: |-2|+|2-4|=0

: |+1|+2 < 0 ,

, =2

|+1|+2 < 0 , |+1|+|-2|<0 ,

|+1|+|-2|<0

=2 (=2

=-2)

|-1|+|2-1|<0

: |+1|+2 > 0 ,

, |-

|+1|+2 > 0 , |+1|+|-2|>0 ,

1|+|2-1|<0

|+1|+|-2|>0

: |-1|+|2-1|=0
, =1

R.
Aris Nikolaidis

|-1|+|2-1|>0
R-{1} ,
|-1|+|2-1|>0
R.

3|1-|-2|+2|+-1 = 0

3|1-|-2|+2|+-1 < 0

) :
f(x)=2|x-2|-3|x+2|-|x|-x+1

f ( x) =

x +1
| x 1 | +2

f ( x) =

x +1
| x 1 | + | 2x + 1 |

f ( x) = | 1 2 x | +3

||2=2
-||<<||
||= = =-
(>0)
||=|| = =-
||< - < <
(>0)

2|+1|+3 = 0

2|2-3|+3 > 0

2|+1|-3 = 0

2|2-3|+3 < 0

2|1-|-3|+2|=0

2|2-3|-3 > 0

3|2-|+2|2-|-4=|2-|

2|2-3|-3 < 0

|3 x | |3 x |
3
+ 1 =| 3 x |
3
2
2

| -4|+| -4+4| = 0

3|2-|+2|2-|-4 < |2-|

|3 x | |3 x |
3
+ 1 >| 3 x |
3
2

2-3||+2 = 0

|2-4|+|2-4+4| < 0

(-1)2-|-1|-2 = 0

5 < |3-2| < 12

|x.y|=|x|.|y|

: |x+y|= |x|+|y|

|||-|y||=|+y|

: |x-y|= |x|+|y|

||> > <-

(>0)

|1.2. |=|1|.|2|||

: ||x|-|y||= |x+y|

||=||

: ||x|-|y||= |x-y|

x
x
=
, y 0
y
y

: |+1|+|-1|>2
[ :
|+1|+|-1|>|+1-+1|=2 ]

|xy| < |x|+|y|

||x|-|y|| < |xy|

Aris Nikolaidis

|y|+y||=0

, ,

, ,

(+)/2

|-1|=|-3|,

|-|

1 , 3 .

d(,)

[ : :

. ()=d(,)=|-|

|-(+)/2|=|-(+)/2| . ]

=(1+3)/2=2

:
1. << : |-|+|-|+|-|=0
2. ( )
=|-1|+|-2|
3. ,
: |2-1|= 1-2 |+1|=+1
4. d(4,3y)=4-3y , y < 4/3
5. :

|3||+4|=4||+3

3a 7
+
10
|a| | |

|2+2+1|-|2-2+1|=4

(|-|+-)(|-|-+) > 0

|2+4+5|+5=|2-6+10|+10

(||-||)( ||+||)=0

6. :
|2+23-12|=-1

||=-2+2-1

|7-1|=2

|2+1|=|+1|

|2-1|=(2-1)2

|-5|+|2-5|=0

|-5|+|2-5|=0

(-2)2+1=2|-2|

Aris Nikolaidis

 |3|-1|+1|=3

|-1|+2|1-|=3

x2
2

+ x2 =

2 x +5
4

x2 1
=
3 2x 3

7. :
|2-5| < -2+2-1 |2-2| < -42+4-1

|8-3|<2

|3-4| > 1

|-4| < -1

2 < |-1| < 4

| 2 x + 1 | 5 | 2 x + 1 | < 4 | 2 x + 1 | +1 + | 2 x + 1 |
3
6
12
4

8. |7+2y-4| = 7||+2|y-2| , (y-2) > 0

2

| 2a + 1 |

| 2a 1 |

9. : ( 2a + 1) + ( 2a 1) 2
10. ||<3 |y|< 5 ,
: =2-3y-21 .

Aris Nikolaidis