COLLECTION OF DATA (according to source) 1.

PRIMARY DATA- documents in original form y Birth certificate y Marriage Certificate y Death Certificate -interview -man-made sources -natural phenomenon Advantages the datas are usually broken down into finer classification - frequently give detailed definitions of terms and statistical units used in the surveys. - usually includes a copy of the schedule and a description of the procedure used in the selection of the type of sample and in collecting data. 2. SECONDARY DATA all publication Advantages - are more convenient to use because they are already condensed and organized. -Analysis and interpretation are done more easily -Libraries make secondary data more easily accesible Characteristics of a Good Research Instrument 1. The instrument must be valid and reliable. 2. It must be based upon the conceptual framework or what the researcher wants to find out. 3. It must gather data suitable for and relevant to the research topic. 4. It must gather data that would test the hypotheses or answer the questions under ivestigation. 5. It should be free from all kinds of bias. 6. It must contain only questions or items that are unequivocal. 7. It must contain clear and definite directions to accomplish it. 8. If the instrument is a mwchanical device, it must be of the best or latest model. 9. It must be accompanied by a good cover letter. 10. It must be accompanied, if possible, by a letter or recommendation from a sponsor. Ways of Gathering Data 1. Clerical Tools - are used when the researcher studies people and gathers data on the feelings, emotions, attitudes and judgments of the subjects a. Questionnaire b. Interview c. Observation d. Survey e. Test f. Experiment g. Registration h. Library 2. Mechanical Tools