Estimation of Serum Urea

Haematology lab
Miss. Tahani Al Shehri

Objective
1. To estimate the concentration of urea in serum 2. To obtain experience in the use of kits

Introducton

Introducton

Urea is nitrogen compound , formed almost solely in the liver From the catabolism of amino acids and is the main excretion product of protein metabolism

Introducton
The concentration of urea in the blood serum represent mainly a balance between urea formation from protein catabolism and urea excretion by kidney .

Introducton
If kidney fail , blood urea Conc. Increase to high level and toxic condition known as (Uremia ) will result . In uremia , urea must be removed from the blood by clinical procedure called Blood Dialysis

Introducton

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Some time used as measurement of serum urea

Mwt of Urea is Nitrogen Normal range Serum urea ( 10-50 ) mg/dl BUN ( 5- 25) mg/dl

Clinical calculator
http://www.clinicalculator.com/homepage.htm

Clinical calculator

Serum urea normally vary depending on :

Age ( due to change kidney function ) Sex ( conc. are slightly higher in men ) Diet ( protein diet Urea )

Abnormal condition
Causes of high Serum urea 1. tissue protein catabolism (-ve N balance) This occurs in : Fevers Wasting disease Thyrotoxicosis Diabetic coma After trauma or a major operation

Abnormal condition
2. Excess breakdown of blood protein

Leukemia Release of leukocyte protein

GIT Bleeding Hb & plasma protein can be released in to the gut

Abnormal condition
3. Diminished excretion of urea

Pre-renal
Eg, -Shock -congestive heart failure -Sodium depletion -Addisons disease

Renal disease
Eg, Acute Glomerulonephritis Chronic heart failure Sever destructive renal disease Acute renal failure Hepatorenal syndrom

Post-renal
Eg, -Enlarge prostate Gland -Stone

Azotemia :- Is a term used for a high blood serum urea concentration Uraemia :- ( as opposed to Azotemia) Is the name given to the clinical syndrom that develops when there is nitrogen retention due to renal failure

Low Serum urea

1.Late pregnancy Due to : glomerluar filtration rate (GFR) Use of N by fetus Water retention 2. Liver disease 3.long term of protein malnutrition Increase rate of protein anabolism Long term replacement of blood loss with intravenous dextran or glucose or saline (Dilution )