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Lab Manual: Ee 2305 Electrical Machines Lab Ii
Lab Manual: Ee 2305 Electrical Machines Lab Ii
3 point
starter
(0 10) A,
300V,10A,U
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
A
L F A
M
V
A
I
N
D
U
C
T
I
V
E
L
O
A
D
D
P
S
T
D
P
S
T
( 0 10) A,MI
700
1.5 A
1000 ,1.5 A
3 point starter
FUSE RATING CALCULATION:
125% of the full load current rating.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR:
R
A
1
F
1`
F
1
N
A
2
B
F
2
F
1
F
2
Y
Fuse
Neutral link
( 0 2 ) A , MC
Neutral
Fus
L F A
M
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
A
STATO
R
ROTO
R
A
FUSE RATING CALCULATION:
125% of the full load current rating.
RESULT
EX.NO.5. REGULATION OF 3 ALTERNATOR BY ASA METHOD
AIM
To predetermine the regulation of a given 3u alternator at full load condition and
different power by ASA method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
S.No APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QUANTITY
PRECAUTIONS
3. Motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.
4. Alternator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
PROCEDURE
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
7. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
8. Supply is given by closing the DPST switch.
9. DC motor is started and brought to rated speed by adjusting rheostat.
10. Keeping the TPST open, alternator field rheostat is energized.
11. By varying alternator field rheostat, the field (I
f
) current is varied in steps, and E
o
(internal emf) is noted.
12. Above procedure is noted till 125% of rated voltage.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
4. TPST switch is closed.
5. By varying alternator field rheostat, the field current, (I
f
) is varied in steps and
corresponding short current (I
sc
) is noted.
6. Above procedure is repeated till rated current is reached.
ASA TEST
4. DC motor is run at rated speed by adjusting motor field rheostat.
5. 3u ZPF load is connected to alternator by closing TPST switch.
6. By alternatively varying field rheostat, ZPF load, alternator is made to deliver
rated current. Readings are noted.
DRAWING ASA CURVE
12. OCC is drawn.
13. Point A is located such that OA gives I
f
corresponding to I
rated
. Under short circuit
test.
14. Point B is located such that it gives I
f
to voltage from ZPF test.
15. Points A and B joined by curve parallel to OC called ZPF curve.
16. From the curve, ZPF curve is extended.
17. From H, HD is drawn parallel to OCC line.
18. From B, BH is drawn parallel and equal to OA.
19. Point D is point to B and BHD is tangent is obtained.
20. From D, perpendicular to BH at E is drawn.
D
P
S
T
D
P
S
1000 ,1.5 A
21. DE gives I
a
X
L
. BE gives I
f
necessary to overcome demagnetizing effect of
armature resistance. EH gives I
f
necessary for balancing armature leakage
reactance drop DE.
22. Internal emf, E
1
is calculated as
E
1
= ((V
ph
cos + Ia Ra)
2
+ (V
ph
sin + I
a
X
L
)
2
)
+ for lagging pf and
- for leading pf.
12. Find I
f1
corresponding E
1
from OCC.
13. I
f2
is field current, required to overcome armature reaction (BE)
14. I
f
= (I
f1
2
+I
f2
2
-2I
f1
I
f2
cos(90)) + for lagging pf and
- for leading pf.
15. From internal emf E
1
, a horizontal line is drawn cutting the OCC. Distance
between tangent to OCC and tangent to OCC measures I
f3
.
This is added with the field current to get final field current.
I
fr
= I
f
+I
f3
16. E
o
corresponding to I
fr
is found.
17. The regulation is calculated as
% regulation = ((Eo Vph)/ Vph)x100.
ASA TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR:
A R
M L
A
1
N
F
1`
F
1
A
2
Y
B
F
2
F
1
F
2
Fus
Neutral
Fus
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
STATO
RR
ROTO
R ( 0 2 ) A ,
MC
( 0
300)V,MI
700
3 point
starter
(0 10) A,
300V,10A,U
220 V
A
L F A
M
V
A
I
N
D
U
C
T
I
V
E
L
O
A
D
D
P
S
T
D
P
S
T
( 0 10) A,MI
700
1.5 A
1000 ,1.5 A
3 point starter
FUSE RATING CALCULATION:
125% of the full load current rating.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR:
R
A
1
F
1`
F
1
N
A
2
B
F
2
F
1
F
2
Y
Fuse
Neutral link
( 0 2 ) A , MC
Neutral
Fus
L F A
M
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
220 V
DC
SUPP
LY
A
STATO
R
ROTO
R
A
TABULAR COLOUMN
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
S.No Field Current I
f
(A) Induced Voltage V
r
(V) V
ph
=V
r
/3 (V)
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
S.No Field Current I
f
(A) Short circuit Current I
A
(A)
ZPF TEST
S.No Voltage
(V)
Field Current
I
f
(A)
Armature
Current (A)
RESULT
EX.NO.6 LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM
To conduct load test on single phase induction motor and to draw the performance
characteristics.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
S.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QUANTITY
FORMULA USED
1. Synchronous speed (N
s
)=120f/p (rpm)
Where f=frequency in Hz
P=no. of poles, calculated by assuming 5% slip
2. % slip =
( )
s r
s
N N
*100
N
Where N
s
=synchronous speed in rpm
N
r
=speed of the rotor in rpm
3. Torque T = (S
1
~ S
2
)*R*9.81 (N-m)
Where R=radius of brake drum of motor in meter
S
1
, S
2
= spring balance reading in kg
4. Output power P
o
=
2
60
r
N T
(in watts)
5. Input power P
i
= W (in watts)
6. % efficiency % = Output power/ Input power*100
PRECAUTIONS
The motor should be at the no load condition while starting.
PROCEDURE
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The induction motor is started on no load by using transformer starter.
3. Under no load condition, reading of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are noted
down.
4. Speed is measured by using tachometer.
5. The motor is loaded gradually by increasing tension on the belt over the brake
drum.
6. At each load, the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are noted, speed
is measured and spring balance readings are noted down.
7. The above procedure is repeated till the rated current is reached.
8. The load on motor is gradually reduced to zero and then supply is switched OFF
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
RESULT
EX.NO.7 SEPERATION OF LOSSES IN A THREE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
AIM
To separate the no load losses in a given three phase induction motor
APPARATUS REQUIRED
S.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QUANTITY
FORMULA USED
Magnetic Loss = W
o.
-mechanical losses-3I
o
2
R
s
Where W
o
= wattmeter reading
I
o
= current at rated voltage
R
s
= stator resistance
Mechanical losses are obtained from the graph
PRECATIONS
1. The motor should be at the no load condition while starting.
2. The 3 auto-transformer (variac) should be kept at initial zero position.
PROCEDURE
SEPERATION OF LOSSES
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The 3 A.C supply is given by closing the TPST switch.
3. The induction motor is started gradually by applying voltage through the 3 auto-
transformer.
4. At rated voltage, power input W
o
is measured by using wattmeter and no load
current I
o
and voltage V
o
are noted.
5. Voltage is gradually reduced till the motor continues to run.
6. For each voltage, readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are noted.
MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE (R
s
)
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. The D.C supply is given through a DPST switch.
3. The loading rheostat is varied, the readings of ammeter and voltmeter are noted.
4. Armature resistance in ohms is calculated as R
s
/ph = (V*1.5)/2I
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
EX.NO. 8 & 9 REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND MMF
METHOD
AIM :
To predetermine the percentage regulation of the given alternator by EMF
(Synchronous Impedance Method) and MMF (Ampere Turns Method), by conducting
OC and Short circuit test.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SI NO APPARATUS REQUIRED TYPE RANGE QUANTITY
NAME PLATE DETAILS :
FUSE RATING CALCULATION :
DC shunt motor =>125 % of rated current .
Alternator => 125 % of rated current .
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
FORMULA USED:
EMF Method :
Re = 1.6 * Rs
Where,
Rs - DC resistance and
Re - Equivalent AC resistance
E
1
/I
1 Where
E
1
= OC voltage
I
1
= SC voltage
Zs = E
1
(open cicuit voltage) / I
1
(short circuit current)
Xs = (Zs
2
Re
2
)
1/2
Eo = [(Vcos C + Ire)
2
+ (Vsin C (+ or -) IX
s
)
2
]
1/2
Where,
+
sign for lagging Power Factor
- sign for leading Power Factor
% Regulation (up) = [(Eo V)/V] * 100
MMF Method :
I
f
= [ I
f1
2
+ I
f2
2
-2 I
f1
I
f2
Cos ( 90 (+ or -) C ) + for lagging power factor,
- for leading power factor.
Where,
I
f1
- Field current corresponding to V1.
I
f2
- Field current corresponding to I
sc
V
1
= V+I*Re*CosC
% Regulation (up) = [(Eo V)/V] * 100
Eo - Voltage corresponding to I
f.
PRECAUTION
1.DC shunt motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position to get
minimum speed at the time of starting.
2.Alternator field rheostat should be in minimum position.
3.DPST and TPST switches should be in open position.
PROCEDURE
OC Test:
1.Connections are made as per the circuit diagram is obtained.
2.The supply is obtained from control panel.
3.Observing the precautions, DPST switch on motor side is closed.
4.Using 3-point starter, the DC motor is started.
5.Varying the field rheostat of DC shunt motor, it is set to run at rated speed as per name
plate detail.
6.DPST switch in alternator field circuit is closed.
7.Keeping the TPST switch of alternator side open, the field current is varied using the
alternator potential divider. For various values of alternator field current (I
f
), the
generated AC line voltage (E
OL
) is noted down and the readings are tabulated.
(This should be done upto125% of rated voltage).
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST :
Note:
1.TPST switch, on alternator side is closed.
2.By slowly increasing potential divider from minimum potential position, the values of I
f
and corresponding I
sc
values are noted till rated current flows through the alternator.
3.The readings are tabulated.
4.Potential divider is adjusted to original position. [minimum potential position] and
field rheostat on motor side is s\adjusted to minimum resistance position.
5.DPST and TPST switches are opened.
6.The supply is switched off.
OBSERVATION TABLE
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST:
I
f
(A)
V
(volt)
V
ph
(volt)
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST :
I
f
(A)
V
(volt)
TABULATION :
SI.NO Power Factor (Cos C ) No-load
Voltage (volt)
E
0
Terminal
Voltage (volt)
%Regulation=
[(Eo-V)/V]*100
MODEL CALCULATION
EMF Method :
Re = 1.6 * ______ Ohm
Where,
Rs - DC resistance and
Re - Equivalent AC resistance
Zs = __(open cicuit voltage) / __(short circuit current)
Xs = (__
2
__
2
)
1/2
Eo = [(___*_____*____+ ___)
2
+ (____*____ (+ or -) ____)
2
]
1/2
Where,
+ sign for lagging Power Factor
- sign for leading Power Factor
% Regulation (up) =[ (__ __)/]*100
= -
MMF Method :
I
f
= [ ___
2
+ ___
2
- 2
*___*
___* Cos ( 90 (+ or -) ___ ) + for lagging power factor, -
for leading power factor.
Where,
I
f1
- Field current corresponding to V1.
I
f2
- Field current corresponding to I
sc
V
1
- V+IRecosC
%
Regulation (up) = [(__ __)/__] *100
Eo - Voltage corresponding to I
f.
RESULT :
EX.NO.10. LOAD TEST ON 3-PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM :
To determine the performance characteristics of 3-phase squirrel cage induction
motor by direct loading.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SI NO APPARATUS REQUIRED TYPE RANGE QUANTITY
NAME PLATE DETAILS :
FUSE RATING CALCULATION :
125% of rated current.
No-load test - 25% of rated current.
FORMULA :
Torque,
T = (S1 S2) * 9.81 * r (Nm)
Input power
(Pi) = (W1 + W2) (Watt)
Output power
(Po) = 2 H NT / 60 (Watt)
Efficiency
q = Po X 100
Pi
Cos | = W/(3
1/2
V
L
I
L
)
Slip = (Ns N) / Ns *100
PRECAUTION:
1. TPST switch should be at open position.
2. 3-phase autotransformer should be at minimum voltage position.
3. There should be no-load at the time of starting(Loosen the belt on the brake drum)
4. Brake drum should be filled with water.
PROCEDURE:
1. The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Power supply is obtained from the control panel.
3. The TPST switch is closed.
4. Rated voltage of 3-phase induction motor, is applied by adjusting autotransformer
5. The initial readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter are noted.
6. By increasing the load step by step, the reading of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
7. Step1 to 6 is repeated till the ammeter shows the rated current of 3-phase induction
motor.
8. Decrease the load, bring auto-transformer to its minimum voltage position.
9. Switch off the supply.
OBSERVATION TABLE :
S.N
O
V (volt) I (A) Speed
(rpm)
Spring Balance
S1(K
g
) S2(K
g
)
Torque
=((S
1
S
2
) *
9.81 * R)
N-m
I/P
(V*I
L
)
watt
O/P
2 H NT
60
(watt)
Efficiency =
Output Power
Input Power
100
%q
%
slip
RESULT :
Thus the load test on three phase Induction Motor is verified experimentally.
VIVA QUESTIONS :
1.Explain what is meant by a 3-phase induction motor?
2.Write the classification of 3-phase induction motor?
3.State the steps to draw the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor?
4.State the condition for maximum torque of 3-phase induction motor?
5.Give the different methods of speed control of I.M.
6.How do you calculate slip speed?
7.State the condition when induction motor acts as induction generator?
8.Give the other name for induction generator?