Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Receptive and Productive Skills and
Receptive and Productive Skills and
&
Communication Implications
“Communication Skills”
Making the best use of receptive and productive skills depends upon
the high magnitude of determination. These skills may go astray if we do not
make the best use of them. In that event the success in life cannot be
even thought of.
&
Communication Implications
Receptive Skills: -
Listening and reading are the receptive skills. The students passively
receive and process the information through these Skills.
Same is the case with reading. Pausing into mind the knowledge through
studying well written material actually means benefiting the company of its
written knowledge is transmitted from our mind to another by means of two
receptive skills i.e. listening and reading and this goes on consecutively generation
after generation. Libraries, educational organizations and lectures halls are the
places for transmission of knowledge/information through listening and reading. A
student becomes a scholar with the blessing of these two skills.
All the inventions have been made so far, and all the achievements mankind
has on its credit are the miracles of receptive skills.
In other words all these wonderful outputs could become possible only due
to the excellent inputs through listening and reading, which can be termed as the
keys of success in every field of life.
Realization of the value of receptive Skills: -
We see that deaf and blind persons are special persons who are generally
deprived of the successful life.
So we being endowed with the faculties of hearing and seeing should
always remain thankful to Almighty Allah. Our receptive skills are insect and we
can make the best use of them.
Language acquisition takes place when the learners realize how meaning is
expressed accurately. Acquisition is possible even without production practice.
There is a high correlation between listening and general language development.
One of the rarely found non-North American listening-based study was carried out
by Damhuis (1993) in Netherlands. The results strengthened the view that
comprehension-based activities along with communicative oriented ones facilitates
second language acquisition.
Listening-based studies: -
Asher, Kusudo and Torre (1983) compared the efficacy of TPR over
traditional college foreign language instruction. The subjects taking listening-
based TPR instruction were between the ages of 30 and 60. The treatment lasted
for only 32 hours. At the end, they were compared to younger, adolescent college
students who were assumed to be better acquirers. Then, the control group
underwent 75 hours of systematic instruction in reading and writing. Although the
listening group had not received any such instruction, the results showed that in
terms of grammar knowledge and reading performance, they scored as high as the
other despite of the differences in the length of instruction and age range. The
results clearly showed that listening experience positively affected the
development of reading ability. The same researchers replicated the research for
Spanish learners and found similar results.
Productive Skills: -
Speaking Skills: -
Speaking skill needs a strong input, a vast out look and refined ideas. More-
even, it requires psychological order of expression as well. All these things are
necessary to give the speaker a confidence to express what he is going to
communicate. The foremost purpose of communication is to convince the listeners
for the viewpoint of the speaker. So the speaker should himself very much clear
about his views point. No ambiguity of any kind and on any point should be there
in his mind. He should be well-versed with the magnetic impect of the wording
and its meaning. He should select appropriate words keeping in view the ability of
the listeners.
Farther, he can make his speech more effective with suitable illustration,
proverbs and quotations. Truthfulness should be the axel of his speech. For the
solid and for reaching impact he should avoid emotionalism as far as he can.
Realities on ground have their own emotional aspect. He should keep his speech
restricted to the ground realities.
Writing skills: -
For communication point of view the writing should be implicit, clear and
in functional language. Un-necessary details should always be avoided.
Sometimes a certain point or sub topic gets expands and expands and the core or
main topic is over-sighted. Consequently the effectiveness of communication is
affected adversely.
For having a firm grip on writing skill study of the work of competent, able
and proficient writers is indispensable. An other important factor of an excellent
writing skill is to develop stamina for carrying out reading and writing for a long
time at a stretch.
It has a lower degree of lexical density and It has a higher degree of lexical density and
a lower ratio of structure (function) words a higher ratio of structure (function) words
Speakers Writers
Can check whether they are being Have limited means of knowing once the
understood by looking at the listener’s text is finished whether the reader will
expression, by asking or by being directly understand the message – need to anticipate
prompted the potential misunderstandings and
appropriate levels of shared knowledge
Can backtrack and fill in information that Have to have a plan in order to achieve
may have been omitted – precise sequence both a sequence and a selection that will
is not a prerequisite of effective lead to effective communication
communication
COMUNICATION IMPLICATION: -
The old adage that “you have to demonstrate skills at the next level before
you can advance” might be even more true today, given the high level of
competition for attractive positions. Most supervisor and managerial positions
require organization and leadership’s skills. These skills are demonstrated through
oral, nonverbal, and written communication activities. An oil company executive
makes this case rather dramatically:”
Information Management: -
Survival in today’s world requires effective information management. The
explosion of information in the last several years is only a sign of things to come
in our new millennium. William Ruch, a noted author and futurist, apply
demonstrated the impact of information on businesses by comparing the
information age of today with the industrial age recently concluded.
• In the industrial age, human knowledge doubled every ten years; now
knowledge doubles every years.
• In the industrial age, each nation maintained a separate economy; in the
information age, a global economy exists.
• In the industrial age, employees were involved in communication only
when necessary in the information age; employees must constantly
communicate in order to handle the influx of information.
• The industrial age was successful because workers followed orders;
organizations in the information age can survive only by employing people
who take on responsibility and use all of their skills effectively.
Ethics: -
Surveys of each company as Pitney Bowes and Uniroyal indicated that over
half of their managers feel pressure to compromise their ethical standards in order
to get the job don. Many organizations have made ethics their number one priority.
Would you cheat on a test, buy a term paper, or reuse a report in another class?
College and university surveys show that students deal with these ethical
challenges every day. Even business student report that they expect to be pressured
into using less then ethical practices when they enter the business world. Why do
so many business professionals even consider the use of unethical business
practices? Numerous reasons are cited for unethical communication practices, but
some of the more common ones include the following:
Mismanaged information: -
Wilio’s law addresses the issue of information overload, or the problem
of receiving too much information at one time. Poor-quality information also
surfaces due to disorganized, erroneous, or misdirected messages.
Communicators are often unaware that their information is of poor quality.
Inadequate Feedback: -
Feedback is the response that a receiver of communication makes to the
sender. Feedback is a critical component of the communication process. Only
through feedback can communicators know that their messages were received
and understood. A lack of feedback can be serious barrier to effective
communication. A lack of feedback can occur for several reasons. Some
communicators feel they do not have enough time to respond. At other times,
feedback is withheld due to friction between the communicators. One person
may fail to respond to a memo in retaliation for misdeed or mistake. A lack of
feedback may cause the sender to communicate still another message, wasting
valuable time.
Communication Anxiety: -
Individuals also experience anxiety and fear when faced with tasks such
as conducting performance appraisal, leading task force groups, reprimanding
employees, delegating tasks to subordinates, and making small talk with
stranger at a business function.
The communication process: -
Communication is usually described as a flow of messages from a
sender to receiver using a channel. Receivers may or may not respond with a
message. At any point in the process, noise-anything that disrupts the process
can occur and limit communication effectiveness.
Analysis: -
Careful analysis is necessary to transform ideas into messages. The time
takes to analyze an opportunity to communicate can vary from fractions a
second to years of deliberation.